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DICTIONARY 



UNITED STATES CONGRESS, 



CONTAINING 



BIOGMPHICAL SKETCHES OF ITS MEMBERS 



THE FOUNDATION OF THE GOVERNMENT; 



AN APPENDIX, 



COMPILED AS A MANUAL OF REFERENCE 



LEGISLATOR AND STATESMAN. 



BY CHARLES LANMAN. 



PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR, 

BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. 

1859. 



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Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1858, by 

CHARLES LANMAN, 

In the Clerk's OlEce of the District Court of the United States for the District 

of Columbia. 



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INTRODUCTION. 



Political laws, wisely framed, have made the United 
States powerful and wealthy to a degree unexampled in 
modern times; and I have thought that a book of facts, 
recording the public services of our National law-makers, 
would be a deserved tribute to them, and, at the same time, 
be generally useful. The record has been made in each case 
as correct and concise as possible. Of many men more 
might have been written, but that was not deemed expe- 
dient in a work of this kind; and where not enough has 
been said, the fault must be attributed to the indifference of 
the persons mostly interested, or to the neglect of their 
friends. Not being a politician, it has given me but little 
trouble to be impartial. My leading object has been to pre- 
pare a kind of labor-saving machine for the benefit of all 
those who feel an interest in the political history and future 
prosperity of the Republic; and in the Appendix I have 
endeavored to bring together from the Government Archives 
a mass of legislative and executive information calculated 
to be of service to members of Congress while engaged in 
their public duties. 

Tbus far had I progressed with this Introduction; and 
while hesitating as to its continuation, it was my good for- 
tune to be present in the United States Senate, when that 
body formally changed its place of meeting. All the pro- 
ceedings on this occasion were highly interesting, and a few 
remarks offered by the Hon. John J. Crittenden — the oldest 
member of the Senate — were truly affecting. After he had 
resumed his seat, an address was delivered by the Vice-Pre- 
sident of the United States, at the previous request of the 



4 INTEODUCTION. 

Senate. The propriety of sketching, as he did, a history of 
the meeting-places of the Federal Congress, struck me with 
great force. I saw, moreover, that just such an account as 
he had given to the Senate, would enhance the value of my 
work, as one of reference, and my next thought was to re- 
quest the use of it in this place. My appeal and its results 
were as follows : — 

Georgetown, D. C, January 4, 1859. 

Hon. John C. Breckinridge, Yice-President, &c. 

Dear Sir : — It was my privilege to hear your address to the Senate, 
commemorating the departure of that body from its old chamber- to the 
new wing of the Capitol. It contained many particulars of great interest 
both to the statesmen of the country and the public at large. The pathos 
and lofty tone of your words were in keeping with the impressive charac- 
ter of your facts, and I cannot but believe that, from this day forward, the 
honor and importance of being a Senator or Representative in the Ame- 
rican Congress, will be more fully appreciated than ever before. I was 
especially impressed by your address, as connected with that extensive 
brotherhood of men, whose public services I have endeavored to chronicle 
in my Dictionary of Congress, now going through the press. I have 
ventured, therefore, to request it as a personal favor, that you will permit 
me to print your eloquent and patriotic remarks in the Introduction to 
my new publication. 

I have the honor to be. Sir, 

Your obedient servant, 

CHARLES LANMAK 



Washington City, January 5, 1859. 
Dear Sir : — In answer to your letter of yesterday's date, asking my 
consent to the publication, in the Introduction to your Dictionary of 
Congress, of my remarks on the occasion of the Senate's removal from the 
old chamber, I have to thank you for the terms in which you have been 
pleased to speak of them, and to say that I have no objection to your ap- 
propriating the whole or any part. 
And I am, 
, Yours respectfully, 

JOHN C. BRECKINRIDGE. 
Charles Lanman, Esq., 

Georgetown, D. C. 



Introduction. 



THE ADDRESS. 



Senators: — I have been charged by the committee to •whom you confided the 
arrangements of this day with the duty of expressing some of the reflections that 
naturally occur in taking final leave of a chamber which has so long been occu- 
pied by the Senate. In the progress of our country and the growth of the re- 
presentation, this room has become too contracted for the representatives of the 
States now existing and soon to exist; and accordingly you are about to ex- 
change it for a hall affording accommodations adequate to the present and the 
future. The occasion suggests many interesting reminiscences; and it may be 
agreeable, in the first place, to occupy a few minutes with a short account of the 
various places at which Congress has assembled, of the struggles which preceded 
the permanent location of the seat of government, and of the circumstances under 
which it was finally established on the banks of the Potomac. 

The Congress of the Revolution was sometimes a fugitive, holding its sessions, 
as the chances of war required, at Philadelphia, Baltimore, Lancaster, Annapo- 
lis, and York-town. During the period between the conclusion of peace and the 
commencement of the present Government, it met at Princeton, Annapolis, 
Trenton, and New York. 

After the idea of a permanent Union had been executed in part by the adop- 
tion of the Articles of Confederation, the question presented itself of fixing a 
seat of government, and this immediately called forth intense interest and ri- 
valry. 

That the place should be central, having regard to the population and terri- 
tory of the Confederacy, was the only point common to the contending parties. 
Propositions of all kinds were offered, debated and rejected, sometimes with in- 
temperate warmth. At length, on the 7th of October, 1783. the Congress being 
at Princeton, whither they had been driven from Philadelphia by the insults of 
a body of armed men, it was resolved that a building for the use of Congress be 
erected near the falls of the Delaware. This was soon after modified by requir- 
ing suitable buildings to be also erected near the falls of the Potomac, that the 
residence of Congress might alternate between those places. But the question 
was not allowed to rest, and at length, after frequent and warm debates, it was 
resolved that the residence of Congress should continue at one place; and com- 
missioners were appointed with full power to lay out a district for a Federal 



1 



6 Inteoduction. 

town near the falls of the Delaware ; and in the mean time Congress assembled 
alternately at Trenton and Annapolis ; but the representatives of other States 
were unremitting in exertions for their respective localities. 

On the 23d of December, 1784, it was resolved to remove to the City of New 
York, and to remain there until the building on the Delaware should be com- 
pleted ; and accordingly, on the 11th of January, 1785, the Congress met at New 
York, where they continued to hold their sessions until the Confederation gave 
place to the Constitution. 

The commissioners to lay out a town on the Delaware reported their pro- 
ceedings to Congress, but no further steps were taken to carry the resolution 
into effect. 

When the bonds of union were drawn closer by the organization of the new 
Government under the Constitution, on the 3d of March, 1789, the subject was 
revived and discussed with greater warmth than before.''^ It was conceded, on 
all sides, that the residence of Congress should continue at one place, and the 
prospect of stability in the Government invested the question with a deeper in- 
terest. Some members proposed New York as being " superior to any place 
they knew for the orderly and decent behavior of its inhabitants." To this it 
was answered that it was not desirable that the political capital should be in a 
commercial metropolis. Others ridiculed the idea of building palaces in the 
woods. Mr. Gerry, of Massachusetts, thought it highly unreasonable to fix the 
seat of government in such a position as to have nine States of the thirteen to 
the northward of the place ; while the South Carolinians objected to Philadel- 
phia on account of the number of Quakers, who, they said, continually annoyed 
the Southern members with schemes of emancipation. 

In the midst of these disputes the House of Eepresentatives resolved "that 
the permanent seat of government ought to be at some convenient place on the 
banks of the Susquehanna." On the introduction of a bill to give effect to this 
resolution, much feeling was exhibited, especially by the Southern members. 
Mr. Madison thought if the proceeding of that day had been foreseen by Vir- 
ginia, that State might not have become a party to the Constitution. The ques- 
tion was allowed by every member to be a matter of great importance. Mr. 
Scott said the future tranquillity and well-being of the United States depended 
as much on this as on any question that had ever or could come before Congress ; 
and Mr. Fisher Ames remarked that every principle of pride and honor, and even 
of patriotism, were engaged. For a time any agreement appeared to be impos- 
sible ; but the good genius of our system finally prevailed, and on the 28th of 
June, 1790, an act was passed containing the following clause : — 

"That a district of territory on the River Potomac, at some place between the 
mouths of the Eastern Branch and the Connogocheague, be and the same is hereby 
accepted for the permanent seat of the Government of the United States." 

The same act provided that Congress should hold its sessions at Philadelphia' 
until the first Monday in November, 1800, when the Government should remove 
to the district selected on the Potomac. Thus was settled a question which 
had produced much sectional feeling between the States. But all difiSculties 

* For a table of data, in this connection, see Appendix. — C. L. 



Introduction. 7 

were not yet surmounted ; for Congress, either from indifference or the want 
of money, failed to make adequate appropriations for tlie erection of public build- 
ings, and the commissioners were often reduced to great straits to maintain the 
progress of the work. Finding it impossible to borrow money in Europe or to 
obtain it from Congress, Washington, in December, 1796, made a personal ap- 
peal to the Legislature of Maryland, which was responded to by an advance of 
$100,000 ; but in so deplorable a condition was the credit of the Federal Go- 
vernment, that the State required, as a guarantee of payment, the pledge of the 
private credit of the commissioners. 

From the beginning Washington had advocated the present seat of govern- 
ment. Its establishment here was due, in a large measure, to his influence ; it 
was his wisdom and prudence that composed disputes and settled conflicting 
titles ; and it was chiefly through his personal influence that the funds were pro- 
vided to prepare the buildings for the reception of the President and Congress. 

The wings of the Capitol having been sufficiently prepared, the Government 
removed to this District on the 17th of November, 1800; or, as Mr. Wolcott ex- 
pressed it, left the comforts of Philadelphia " to go to the Indian place, with the 
long name, in the woods, on the Potomac." I will not pause to describe the ap- 
pearance, at that day, of the place where the city was to be. Cotemporary ac- 
counts represent it as desolate in the extreme, with its long unopened avenues 
and streets, its deep morasses, and its vast area covered with trees instead of 
houses. It is enough to say that Washington projected the whole plan upon a 
scale of centuries, and that time enough remains to fill the measure of his great 
conception. 

The Senate continued to occupy the north wing, and the House of Represen- 
tatives the south wing of the Capitol, until the 24th of August, 1814, when the 
British army entered the city and burnt the public buildings. This occurred 
dui'ing the recess, and the President immediately convened the Congress. Both 
Houses met in a brick building known as Blodget's Hotel, which occupied a part 
of the square now covered by the General Post-office. But the accommodations 
in that house being quite insufficient, a number of public-spirited citizens erected 
a more commodious building on Capitol Hill, and tendered it to Congress ; the 
ofier was accepted, and both Houses continued to occupy it until the wings of 
the new Capitol were completed. This building yet stands on the street oppo- 
site to the northeastern corner of the Capitol Square, and has since been occa- 
sionally occupied by persons employed in different branches of the public ser- 
vice. * 

On the 6th of December, 1819, the Senate assembled for the first time in this 
chamber, which has been the theatre of their deliberations for more than thirty- 
nine years, and now that the strifes and uncertainties of the past are finished, 
we see around us on every side the proofs of stability and improvement. This 
Capitol is worthy of the Republic ; noble public buildings meet the view on 
every hand; treasures of science and the arts begin to accumulate. As this 
flourishing city enlarges, it testifies to the wisdom and foresight that dictated the 
plan of it. Future generations will not be disturbed with questions concerning 
the centre of population, or of territory, since the steamboat, the railroad, and 
the telegraph have made communication almost instantaneous. The spot is sa- 



8 Introduction. 

cred by a thousand memories, wliicli are so many pledges that the City of Wash- 
ington, founded by him, and bearing his revered name, with its beautiful site, 
bounded by picturesque eminences, and the broad Potomac, and lying within 
view of his home and tomb, shall remain forever the political capital of the 
United States. 

It would be interesting to note the gradual changes which have occurred in 
the practical working of the Government since the adoption of the Constitution ; 
and it may be appropriate to this occasion, to remark one of the most striking of 
them. 

At the origin of the Government the Senate seemed to be regarded chiefly as 
an Executive council. The President often visited the chamber and conferred 
personally with this body ; most of its business was transacted with closed doors, 
and it took comparatively little part in the legislative debates. The rising and 
vigorous intellects of the country sought the arena of the House of Representa- 
tives as the appropriate theatre for the display of their powers. Mr. Madison 
observed, on some occasion, that being a young man, and desiring to increase his 
reputation, he could not afford to enter the Senate ; and it will be remembered 
that, so late as 1812, the great debates which preceded the war and aroused the 
country to the assertion of its rights, took place in the other branch of Congress. 
To such an extent was the idea of seclusion carried, that, when this chamber 
was completed, no seats were prepared for the accommodation of the public ; 
and it was not until many years afterwards that the semicircular gallery was 
erected, which admits the people to be witnesses of your proceedings. But now, 
the Senate, besides its peculiar relations to the Executive department of the Go- 
vernment, assumes its full share of duty as a coequal branch of the Legislature ; 
indeed, from the limited number of its members and for other obvious reasons, 
the most important questions, especially of foreign policy, are apt to pass first 
under discussion in this body, and to be a member of it is justly regarded as one 
of the highest honors which can be conferred on an American statesman. 

It is scarcely necessary to point out the causes of this change, or to say thdM 
it is a concession both to the importance and the individuality of the States, and 
to the free and open character of the Government. 

In connection with this easy but thorough transition, it is worthy of remark, 
that it has been effected without a charge from any quarter that the Senate has 
transcended its constitutional sphere — ^a tribute at once to the moderation of 
the Senate, and another proof to thoughtful men of the comprehensive wisdom 
with which the framers of the Constitution secured essential principles without 
inconveniently embarrassing the action of the Government. 

The progress of this popular movement, in one aspect of it, has been steady 
and marked. At the oi'igin of the Government no arrangements in the Senate 
were made for spectators ; in this chamber about one-third of the space is al- 
lotted to the public ; and in the new apartment the galleries cover two-thirds of 
its area. In all free countries the admission of the people to witness legislative 
proceedings is an essential element of public confidence ; and it is not to be 
anticipated that this wholesome principle will ever be abused by the substitution 
of partial and interested demonstrations for the expression of a matured and 
enlightened public opinion. Yet it should never be forgotten that not France, 



Introduction. 9 

but the turbulent spectators within the hall, awed and controlled the French 
Assembly. With this lesson and its consequences before us, the time will never 
come when the deliberations of the Senate shall be swayed by the blandish- 
ments or the thunders of the galleries. 

It is impossible to disconnect from an occasion like this a crowd of reflections 
on our own past history, and of speculations on the ftiture. The most meagre ac- 
count of the Senate involves a summary of the progress of our country. From 
year to year you have seen your representation enlarge ; time and again you 
have proudly welcomed a new sister into the Confederacy ; and the occurrences 
of this day are a material and impressive proof of the growth and prosperity of 
the United States. Three periods in the history of the Senate mark, in striking 
contrast, three epochs in the history of the Union. 

On the 3d of March, 1789, when the Government was organized under the 
Constitution, the Senate was composed of the representatives of eleven States, 
containing three million people. 

On the 6th of December, 1819, when the Senate met for the first time in this 
room, it was composed of the representatives of twenty-one States, containing 
nine million people. 

To-day it is composed of the representatives of thirty-two States, containing 
more than twenty-eight million people, prosperous, happy, and still devoted to 
constitutional liberty. Let these great facts speak for themselves to all the 
world. 

The career of the United States cannot be measured by that of any other 
people of whom history gives account ; and the mind is almost appalled at the 
contemplation of the prodigious force which has marked their progress. Sixty- 
nine years ago, thirteen States, containing three millions of inhabitants, bur- 
dened with debt and exhausted by the long war of Independence, established 
for their common good a free Constitution, on principles new to mankind, and 
began their experiment with the good wishes of a few doubting friends and the 
derision of the world. Look at the result to-day ; twenty-eight millions of peo- 
ple, in every way happier than an equal number in any other part of the globe ; 
the centre of population and political power descending the western slopes of 
the Alleghany mountains, and the original thirteen States forming but the east- 
ern margin on the map of our vast possessions ! See, besides Christianity, civi- 
lization, and the arts given to a continent, the despised Colonies grown into a 
Power of the first class, representing and protecting ideas that involve the pro- 
gress of the human race ; a commerce greater than that of any other nation ; 
every variety of climate, soil, and production, to make a people powerful and 
happy ; free interchange between the States ; in a word, behold present great- 
ness, and, in the future, an empire to which the ancient mistress of the world in 
the height of her glory could not be compared. Such is our country; ay, and 
more — far more than my mind could conceive or my tongue could utter. Is 
there an American who regrets the past ? Is there one who will deride his 
country's laws, pervert her Constitution, or alienate her people ? If there be 
such a man, let his memory descend to posterity laden with the execrations of 
all mankind. 

So happy is the political and social condition of the United States, and so 



10 Introduction. 

accustomed are we to the secure enjoyment of a freedom elsewhere unknown, 
that we are apt to undervalue the treasures we iDossess, and to lose, in some de- 
gree, the sense of obligation to our forefathers. But when the strifes of faction 
shake the Government and even threaten it, we may pause with advantage long 
enough to remember that we are reaping the reward of other men's labors. 
This liberty we inherit ; this admirable Constitution, which has survived peace 
and war, prosperity and adversity ; this double scheme of Government, State 
and Federal, so peculiar and so little understood by other Powers, yet which 
protects the earnings of industry, and makes the largest personal freedom com- 
patible with public order ; these great results were not acquired without wisdom 
and toil and blood. The touching and heroic record is before the world ; but to 
all this we were born, and, like heirs upon whom has been cast a great inherit- 
ance, have only the high duty to preserve, to extend, and to adorn it. The grand 
productions of the era in which the foundations of this Government were laid 
reveal the deep sense its founders had of their obligations to the whole family 
of man. Let us never forget that the responsibilities imposed on this genera- 
tion are by so much the greater than those which rested on our revolutionary 
ancestors, as the population, extent, and power of our country surpass the 
dawning promise of its origin. 

It would be a pleasing task to pursue many trains of thought not wholly 
foreign to this occasion, but the temptation to enter the wide field must be 
vigorously cui'bed ; yet I may be pardoned perhaps for one or two additional 
reflections. 

The Senate is assembled for the last time in this chamber. Henceforth it 
will be converted to other uses ; yet it must remain forever connected with great 
events, and sacred to the memories of the departed orators and statesmen who 
here engaged in high debates and shaped the policy of their country. Hereaf- 
ter the American and the stranger, as they wander through the Capitol, will 
turn with instinctive reverence to view the spot on which so many and great 
materials have accumulated for history. They will recall the images of the 
great and the good, whose renown is the common property of the Union ; and 
chiefly, perhaps, they will linger around the seats once occupied by the mighty 
three, whose names and fame, associated in life, death has not been able to 
sever ; illustrious men, who in their generation sometimes divided, sometimes 
led, and sometimes resisted public opinion — for they were of that higher class of 
statesmen who seek the right and follow their convictions. 

There sat Calhoun, the Senator, inflexible, austere, oppressed but not over- 
whelmed by his deep sense of the importance of his public functions ; seeking the 
truth, then fearlessly following it ; a man whose uns]Daring intellect compelled 
all his emotions to harmonize with the deductions of his vigorous logic, and 
whose noble countenance habitually wore the expression of one engaged in the 
performance of high public duties. 

This was Webster's seat. He, too, was even such a Senator. Conscious of 
his own vast powers, he reposed with confidence on himself; and scorning the 
contrivances of smaller men, he stood among his peers all the greater for the 
simple dignity of his Senatorial demeanor. Type of his Northern home, he rises 
before the imagination, in the grand and granite outline of his form and Intel- 



Introduction. 11 

lect, like a great New England rock repelling a New England wave. As a 
writer, his productions will be cherished by statesmen and scholars while the 
Euglish tongue is spoken ; as a Senatorial orator, his great efiForts are histori- 
cally associated with this chamber, whose very air seems yet to vibrate beneath 
the stroke of his deep tones and his weighty words. 

On the outer circle sat Henry Clay, with his impetuous and ardent nature, 
untamed by age, and exhibiting in the Senate the same vehement patriotism 
and passionate eloquence that of yore electrified the House of Representatives 
and the country. His extraordinary personal endowments, his courage, all his 
noble qualities, invested him with an individuality and a charm of character 
which, in any age, would have made him a favorite of history. He loved his 
country above all earthly objects. He loved liberty in all countries. Illus- 
trious man ! — orator, patriot, philanthropist — his light at its meridian was seen 
and felt in the remotest parts of the civilized world; and his declining sun, 
as it hastened down the west, threw back its level beams in hues of mellowed 
splendor to illuminate and to cheer the land he loved and served so well. 

All the States may point, with gratified pride, to the services in the Senate of 
their patriotic sons. Crowding the memory, come the names of Adams, Hayne, 
Mason, Otis, Macon, Pinckney, and the rest— I cannot number them — who, in 
the record of their acts and utterances, appeal to their successors to give the 
Union a destiny not unworthy of the past. AVhat models were these, to awaken 
emulation or to plunge in despair ! Fortunate will be the American statesmen 
who, in this age, or in succeeding times, shall contribute to invest the new hall 
to which we go with historic memories like those which cluster here. 

And now, Senators, we leave this memorable chamber, bearing with us, un- 
impaired, the Constitution we received from our forefathers. Let us cherish it 
with grateful acknowledgments to the Divine Power who controls the destinies 
of empires and whose goodness we adore. The structures reared by men yield 
to the corroding tooth of time. These marble walls must moulder into ruin ; 
but the principles of constitutional liberty, guarded by wisdom and virtue, unlike 
material elements, do not decay. Let us devoutly trust that another Senate, in 
another age, shall bear to a new and larger chamber this Constitution, vigorous 
and inviolate, and that the last generation of posterity shall witness the delibe- 
rations of the Representatives of American States still united, prosperous, and 
free. 



CONTENTS. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



APPENDIX. 



PAGE 

SUCCESSIVE SESSIONS OF CONGRESS 3 

SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 5 

PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE 6 

SUCCESSIVE ADMINISTRATIONS 9 

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS 16 

THE SUPREME COURT 70 

MINISTERS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES 74 

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 93 

MEMBERS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 101 

PRESIDENTS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 106 

SESSIONS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 106 

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 107 

ORGANIZATION OF THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS 125 

THE SEVERAL STATES AND TERRITORIES OF THE AMERICAN UNION. 136 

PROGRESS OF POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES 143 

POPULATION AND RATIO OF REPRESENTATION 144 

THE STATE AND TERRITORIAL GOVERNORS 146 



BIOGMPHICAL SKETCHES. 



BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



ABBOTT, AMOS. 
Born at Andover, Massachu- 
setts, September 10, 1786. He was 
educated at a district school, but 
spent the most of his life as a trader 
and merchant. He represented his 
native State in Congress, from 1843 
to 1849, and was a member of the 
Committees on the Militia, and on 
Manufactures. 

ABBOTT, JOEL. 
Was born in Fairfield, Connnecti- 
cut, emigrated to Georgia, and was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Wilkes County, in that 
State, from 1817 to 1825, serving 
as a member of the Committees on 
Commerce and the Slave-Trade. 

ABBOTT, NEHEMIAH. 
Born in Sidney, Maine, March 
29, 1806. He is a lawyer by pro- 
fession ; was a member of the House 
of Representatives, in the Maine 
Legislature, in 1842 and 1843, and 
was elected to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress. He is a member of the Com- 
mittee on Revolutionary Pensions. 
2 



ABERCROMBIE, JAMES. 
He was born in Georgia, and, re- 
moving to Alabama, was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1851 to 1855. 

ADAIR, JOHN. 
He was born in 1758 ; was a Se- 
nator of the United States, from 
Kentucky, during the years 1805 
and 1806; commanded the Ken- 
tucky troops at the battle of New 
Orleans, under General Jackson; 
and was appointed a general in the 
army. He was elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Kentucky, 
from 1831 to 1833, and was a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Military 
Affairs. He died at Harrodsburg, 
May 19, 1840. 

ADAMS, BENJAMIN. 
Born at Worcester, Massachu- 
setts ; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1816 to 1826, and was a 
member of the Committees on Re- 
volutionary Pensions and Public Ex- 
penditures. He died at Uxbridge, 
Massachusetts, in April, 1837. 



18 



Biographical Sketches. 



ADAMS, GEORGE. 
He was a Senator ia Congress, 
from Adams County, Mississippi, 
from 1829 to 1830. 

ADAMS, GREEN. 

Born in Barborville, Knox Coun- 
ty, Kentuckj^ August 20, 1812; 
was bred a farmer, but read law and 
adopted that profession; in 1839, 
he was elected to the State Legis- 
lature, and re-elected; he was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Kentucky, from 1847 to 1849, and 
was a member of the Committee on 
Engraving. He was also a Presi- 
dential Elector in 1844, and since 
he left Congress, has been a Judge 
of the Circuit Court. 

ADAMS, JOHN. 

Born atBraintree, Massachusetts, 
October 30, 1735; graduated at 
Harvard University in 1755; in- 
structed a class of scholars in Latin 
and Greek for a subsistence ; studied 
law, and having been admitted to 
the bar, settled at Quincy to prac- 
tice his profession. As a member 
of the Old Congress, he was among 
the foremost in recommending an 
independent government. In 1777, 
he was chosen Commissioner to the 
Court of Versailles. On his return 
he was chosen a member of the 
Convention called to prepare a form 
of government for Massachusetts. 
In September, 1779, he was ap- 
pointed Minister Plenipotentiary to 
negotiate a peace, and had autho- 
rity to form a commercial treaty 
with Great Britain. In June, 1780, 



he was appointed Ambassador to 
Holland; and, in 1782, he went to 
Paris to engage in the negotiation 
for peace, having previously ob- 
tained assurance that Great Britain 
would recognize the independence 
of the United States. After serv- 
ing on two or three commissions to 
form treaties of amity and com- 
merce with foreign powers, in 1785 
he was appointed first Minister to 
London; and, in 1788, having been 
absent nine years, he returned to 
America. In March, 1789, the new 
Constitution of the United States 
went into operation, and he became 
the first Yice-President, which office 
he held during the whole of Wash- 
ington's administration. On the 
resignation of Washington, he be- 
came, March 4, 1797, President of 
the United States. This was the 
termination of his public functions ; 
and he spent the remainder of his 
days upon his farm in Quincy, occu- 
pying himself with agriculture, and 
obtaining amusement from the lite- 
rature and politics of the day. He 
died on the fourth of July, 1826, 
with the same Words on his lips 
which, fifty years before, on that day, 
he had uttered on the floor of Con- 
gress : — "Independence forever !" 
His principal publications are — 
" Letters on the American Revolu- 
tion," " Defence of the American 
Constitution," an "Essay on Canon 
and Federal Laws," a series of let- 
ters vender the signature of Novan- 
glus, and Discourses on Davila. It 
was as Yice-President that he had 
a seat in the Senate. 



Biographical Sketches. 



19 



ADAMS, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Green County, New 
York, from 1833 to 1885, and was a 
member of the Committee on Inva- 
lid Pensions. He died at Catskill, 
New York, September 28, 1854. 

ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY. 

Born in Braintree, now Quincy, 
Mass., July 11, 1767. When ten 
years of age, he accompanied his 
father to France ; and when fifteen, 
was private secretary to the Ame- 
rican Minister in Russia. He was 
graduated at Harvard University in 
1787; studied law in Newburyport, 
and settled in Boston. From 1794 
to 1801 he was American Minister 
to Holland, England, Sweden, and 
Prussia. He was a Senator in Con- 
gress from 1803 to 1808 ; Professor 
of Rhetoric in Harvard University, 
with limited duties, from 1806 to 
1808 ; was appointed, in 1809, Min- 
ister to Russia ; assisted in negotiat- 
ing the Treaty of Ghent, in 1814; 
and assisted, also, as Minister, at 
the Convention of Commerce with 
Great Britain, in 1815. He was 
Secretary of State under President 
Monroe; and was chosen President 
of the United States in 1825 — 
serving one term. In 1831 he was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, and continued in that posi- 
tion until his death, which occurred 
in the Speaker's room, two days 
after falling from his seat in the 
House of Representatives, Febru- 
ary 23, 1848. His last words were: 
" This is the end of earth ; I am 



content." He published "Letters 
on Silesia," " Lectures on Rhetoric 
and Oratory," and various " Poems," 
besides many occasional letters and 
speeches* His unpublished writings, 
it is said, would make many vo- 
lumes. 

ADAMS, PARMENIO. 

A Representative in Congress, 
fromBatavia, Genesee County, New 
York, from 1823 to 1827. 

ADAMS, ROBERT H. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Mississippi, from February to 
May, in 1830, and died on the se- 
cond day of July following. 

ADAMS, STEPHEN. 

He was a native of Franklin 
County, Pennsylvania, and had been 
a member of the Senate of that 
State. Removing to Mississippi, 
he took an active part in public 
afifairs ; was a member of the State 
Legislature, and a Representative 
in Congress, from 1845 to 1847 ; 
he was elected Judge of the Circuit 
Court, and from 1852 to 1857, was 
a Senator in Congress, from Mis- 
sissippi. He removed to Tennes- 
see with the intention of practicing 
law at Memphis, where he died, 
May 11, 1857. 

ADDAMS, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress from Pennsylvania, from 1825 
to 1829, and served on a Committee 
for the Deaf and Dumb Institutions 
of New York and Ohio. 



20 



Biographical Sketches. 



ADGATE, ASA. 

He was a Representative in the 
Legislature of New York, from Clin- 
ton County, from l*798tolt99, and 
elected Representative in Congress, 
from Essex County, in that State, 
from 1815 to 1817, and was again 
a member of the Legislature in 1823. 

ADRIAN, GARNETT B. 

Born in the City of New York 
December 20th, 1816. He gradu- 
ated at Rutger's College, New Jer- 
sey, in 1833 ; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1837 ; and is 
a Representative in the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, from New Jersey, serving 
as Chairman of the Committee on 
Engraving. He has also been 
elected a member of the Thirty- 
sixth Congress. 

AHL, JOHN A. 

He was born in Stansbury, Frank- 
lin County, Pennsylvania, in August, 
1815 ; received a good English edu- 
cation ; studied medicine with his 
father, and graduated at the " Wash- 
ington Medical College" of Balti- 
more. He abandoned his profes- 
sion in 1850, and turned his attention 
to various kinds of manufactures, 
and was elected a Representative 
from Pennsylvania to the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, serving as a member 
of the Committee on Manufactures. 

AIKEN, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Charleston, South 
Carolina, in 1806 ; graduated at the 
South Carolina College in 1825 ; 
was a member of the State Legis- 



lature in 1838, 1840, and 1842; 
was Governor of South Carolina in 
1844 ; and a Representative in Con- 
gress from that State, from 1851 
to 1857. He is considered one of 
the most successful rice planters in 
his native State. 

ALBERTSON, NATHANIEL. 

He was born in Yirginia, and 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress from the First Congres- 
sional District of Indiana, from 
1849 to 1851, and was a member of 
the Committee on Public Lands. 

ALBRIGHT, CHARLES J. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was elected from the State of 
Ohio a Representative to the Thirty- 
fourth Congress. 

ALEXANDER, ADAM R. 

He was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from Madison County, 
Tennessee, from 1823 to 1827, and 
served as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Post-offices and Post- 
roads. 

ALEXANDER, EVAN. 

Born in North Carolina ; was a 
member of the Legislature for two 
years ; and a Representative in 
Congress from North Carolina, from 
1805 to 1809. 

ALEXANDER, HENRY P. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Herkimer County, in that State, 



Biographical Sketches. 



21 



from 1849 to 1851, and was a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Expendi- 
tures in the State Department. 

ALEXANDER, JAMES, Jr. 
He was born in Maryland ; was 
a resident of St. Clairsville, Bel- 
mont County, Ohio, and elected a 
Representative in Congress from 
the Eleventh District in that State, 
from 1837 to 1839, and was a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Public 
Expenditures. 

ALEXANDER, JOHN. 
He was elected a Representative 
in Congress from Ohio, May 4th, 
1813, serving till 1817. 

ALEXANDER, MARK. 
He was born in Mechlenburg 
County, Virginia, and elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1819 to 1833, and served 
on the Committees on Revolutionary 
Pensions, Ways and Means, and Ex- 
penditures in the State Department, 
and the District of Columbia. 

ALEXANDER, NATHANIEL. 
Graduated at Princeton College 
in 1776, and after studying medi- 
cine, entered the army. At the 
close of the war he resided at the 
High Hills of Santee, pursuing his 
profession, and afterwards at Meck- 
lenburg. While he held a seat in 
Congress, from 1803 to 1805, the 
Legislature elected him Governor 
for 1806. He died at Salisbury, 
March, 8, 1808, aged fifty-two. In 
all his public stations he is said 
to have discharged his duty with 
ability and firmness. 



ALFORD, JULIUS C. 

He was born in Georgia, and was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Troup County, in that 
State, from 1839 tol842, and served 
as a member of the Committee on 
Indian Aifairs. 

ALLEN, CHARLES. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress from Worcester, in that State, 
from 1849 to 1853, and was a mem- 
ber of the Committee on the Dis- 
trict of Columbia. 

ALLEN, CHILTON. 

He was born in Albemarle Co., 
Yirginia, April 6, 1786, and settled 
in Kentucky as a wheelwright. He 
educated himself for the legal pro- 
fession ; from Clark County was 
elected in 1811 to the Legislature 
of Kentucky for several terms, and 
he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1831 
to 1837, officiating as Chairman of 
the Committee of Territories, and 
a member of the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs. In 1838 he was 
President of the Board of Internal 
Improvement, and in 1842 he was 
again returned to the State Legis- 
lature, which was the last public 
position he occupied. He died at 
Winchester, September 3, 1858. 
He was a man of ability and of rare 
virtues. 

ALLEN, ELISHA H. 
A native of Yerraont, and elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 



22 



BioaRAPHiCAL Sketches. 



Maine, from 1841 to 1843, serving 
as a member of the Committee on 
Manufactures. 

ALLEN, HEMAN. 

He was born in 1*7*76 ; was a re- 
sident, if not a native, of Milton, 
Yermont ; adopted the profession 
of law, in which he became dis- 
tinguished ; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Vermont, 
from 182Y to 1829, and again from 
1833 to 1839, serving as an active 
member of the Committee on Claims. 
He subsequently settled in Burling- 
ton, Vermont, where he died De- 
cember 11, 1844. 

ALLEN, HEMAN. 

He was born in 1*7*79, and a resi- 
dent of Colchester, Vermont ; he 
graduated at Dartmouth College in 
1*795, and adopted the profession of 
law. He was Sheriff of Chittenden 
County in 1808 and 1809; from 
1811 to 1814 he was Chief Justice 
of the Chittenden County Court ; 
from 1812 to 181*7 he was an active 
member of the State Legislature ; 
was appointed quartermaster of 
militia, with the title of brigadier; 
and was a trustee of the University 
of Vermont. He was first elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Vermont, in 181*7, but resigned in 
1818 to accept from President 
Monroe the appointment of United 
States Marshal for the District of 
Vermont. In 1823 he received 
from the same President the ap- 
pointment of Minister to Chili, 



which he resigned in 1828 ; in 1830 
he was appointed President of the 
United States Branch Bank, at 
Burlington, which he held until the 
expiration of its charter, after which 
he settled in the town of Highgate, 
Vermont, where he died of heart 
disease, April 9, 1852. 

ALLEN, JAMES C. 

He was born in Shelby County, 
Kentucky, January 29, 1823 ; re- 
ceived a good common school edu- 
cation ; studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in that State in 
1843 ; in 1846 was elected, for two 
years. Prosecuting Attorney in the 
Seventh Judicial District of Ken- 
tucky ; and, having removed to Illi- 
nois, was elected a member, in 1850 
and 1851, of the State Legislature, 
and was chosen a Representative in 
Congress, from Illinois, from 1853 
to 1855, and was re-elected to the 
Thirty-fourth Congress. He was 
also chosen Clerk of the House of 
Representatives for the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, which position he con- 
tinues to occupy. 

ALLEN, JOHN. 

Born in Great Barrington, Mas- 
sachusetts, in 1*763; was a lawyer 
by profession, and a member of the 
State Council of Connecticut for 
several years ; was a Representa- 
tive, from that State, during the 
last Congress which was held in 
Philadelphia, from 1*79*7 to 1*799. 
He died at Litchfield, Connecticut, 
July 31, 1812. 



Biographical Sketches. 



23 



ALLEN, JOHN J. 

He was born in Virginia, was a 
resident of Harrison County, and 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1833 to 
1835, and served as a member of 
the Committee on the District of 
Columbia. He is at the present 
time Chief Justice of the Supreme 
Court of Virginia. 

ALLEN, JOHN W. 

Born in Litchfield, Connecticut, 
in 1802 ; settled in Cleveland, Ohio, 
in 1825, and was a member of the 
Senate of that State from 1835 to 
1831, also Mayor of Cleveland ; and 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress from 1837 to 1841, serving 
as a member of the Committee on 
the Militia and Military Affairs. 

ALLEN, JOSEPH. 

He was born in Boston ; was a 
merchant in Leicester, and benefac- 
tor of the Academy there ; twice 
Elector for President ; was a Clerk 
of the County Court and a State 
Councillor ; and a Representative 
in Congress, from Massachusetts, 
from 1811 to 1813. He died at 
Worcester, September 2, 1827, aged 
seventy-eight years. 

ALLEN, JUDSON. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
removing to New York, was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1839 to 1841, and 
was a member of the Committee on 
Mileage. 



ALLEN, NATHANIEL. 

He was born in Dutchess Coun- 
ty, New York ; served in the As- 
sembly of that State in 1812, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1819 to 1821, and a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Manufac- 
tures. 

ALLEN, PHILIP. 

He was born in Providence, 
Rhode Island, September 1, 1785; 
graduated at Brown University, in 
1803 ; was elected to the State Le- 
gislature in 1819, 1820, and 1821 ; 
devoted much attention to the busi- 
ness of manufacturing ; was Gover- 
nor of Rhode Island during the 
years 1851, 1852, and 1853; and 
was elected a Senator in Congress^ 
from his native State, from March 
3, 1853, serving as a member of 
the Committees on Commerce and 
on Naval Affairs. 

ALLEN, ROBERT. 
Born in Augusta County, Virgi- 
nia. He was a colonel in the army 
under General Jackson, a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Tennes- 
see, from 1819 to 1827, serving as a 
member of the Committees on Com- 
merce, the Library, and Revolu- 
tionary Claims. He died at Car- 
thage, Tennessee, August 19, 1844, 
aged sixty-seven years. 

ALLEN, ROBERT. 
Born in Woodstock, Shenandoah 
County, Virginia, July 30, 1794. 
He was educated at Dickinson and 
Washington colleges, having left 
the latter institution on a furlough 



24 



Biographical Sketches. 



of three months, for the purpose of 
joining a volunteer military force in 
1813, but returned and graduated. 
He studied law, and practiced in 
his native place. He held for a time 
the office of Prosecutor for the Com- 
monwealth ; served five years in the 
Senate of Yirginia, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 182T to 1833, serving 
on the Committee for the District 
of Columbia. Since that time he 
has devoted himself chiefly to the 
pursuits of agriculture. 

ALLEN, SAMUEL C. 

Born in Franklin County, Massa- 
chusetts; graduated at Dartmouth 
College in 1*794; was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 181t to 1829, officiating as 
Chairman of the Committee on 
Accounts. He died at Northfield, 
February 8, 1842, aged seventy 
years. 

ALLEN, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Ohio, adopted 
the profession of law, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Ross County, Ohio, from 1833 to 
1835, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Indian Affairs ; was 
elected a Senator in Congress, from 
1837 to 1849, serving as a member 
of several important committees in 
the Senate, during his first term. 

ALLEN, WILLIS. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Illinois, from 1851 to 1855. 



ALLISON, JAMES. 
He was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from Beaver County, 
Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1825. 

ALLISON, JOHN. 
He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1853, and was re-elected to the 
Thirty-fourth Congress. 

ALLISON, EOBERT. 
He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 
to 1833. 

ALSTON, LEMUEL, Jr. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
180t to 1811. 

ALSTON, WILLIAM J. 
He was born in Georgia, and re- 
moving to Alabama, was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1849 to 1851, and was 
a member of the Committee on Post- 
offices and Post-roads. 

ALSTON, WILLIS. 

Born in Halifax County, T^orth 
Carolina. He appeared in public 
life as early as 1194, serving in the 
State Legislature for several years, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1799 to 1815, and from 
1825 to 1831. During the war of 
1812, he was Chairman of the Com- 
mittee of Ways and Means, in the 
House of Representatives. Died 
April 10, 1837. 



BlOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



25 



AMES, FISHER. 

He was born in Dedham, Massa- 
chusetts, April 9, 1756, and died 
July 4, 1808. He entered Harvard 
University at the age of twelve 
years, and graduated with honor; 
and having studied law, commenced 
the practice of his profession, in his 
native town, in 1*781. He was ac- 
knowledged to be the most eloquent 
debater in the House of Represen- 
tatives, and was the author of the 
"Address" of that body, to Wash- 
ington, on his retirement from the 
Presidency. He was a prominent 
member of the Massachusetts Con- 
vention for ratifying the Constitu- 
tion, in 1788, and after retiring from 
political life, having served in Con- 
gress for eight years, he was elected 
President of Harvard IJniversity, 
but declined the honor. He was an 
industrious writer as well as a great 
orator ; and his collected writings, 
with a memoir, were published in 
1809. 

ANDERSON, ALEXANDER. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from the Knoxville District, Ten- 
nessee, during the years 1840 and 
1841, a part of a tei-m, and served 
as a member of the Committee on 
the Militia. 

ANDERSON, HUGH J. 

A Representative in Congress, 
from Maine, from 1837 to 1841, 
and a member of the Committee on 
Naval Affairs. He was a native of 
Maine, and a lawyer by profession. 



ANDERSON, ISAAC. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803 
to 1807. 

ANDERSON, JOHN. 

He was a graduate of Bowdoin 
College in 1813, and elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Cum- 
berland County, Maine, from 1825 
to 1833, serving as a member of the 
Committees on Elections and .Naval 
Affairs. He died in 1853, aged 
sixty-one years. 

ANDERSON, JOSEPH. 

He was born near Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania, November 5, 1757 ; 
enjoyed what was called at the time 
a good education ; studied law ; was 
appointed an ensign in the New 
Jersey line in 1775 ; was promoted 
to an adjutancy; as a captain, fought 
at the battle of Monmouth ; he also 
went, in 1779, with Sullivan against 
the Six Nations ; in 1780 he was at 
Valley Forge ; in 1781 at the siege 
of York ; and after the war he re- 
tired with the rank of brevet-major. 
He practiced law in Delaware for 
seven years. In 1791 was appoint- 
ed by Washington judge of the 
territory south of the Ohio river ; 
remained in that position until the 
first Constitution of Tennessee was 
formed, which he aided in forming 
in covention ; and he was an influ- 
ential member of the United States 
Senate, from Tennessee, from 1797 
to 1815, serving at all times upon 
important committees, and acting 
on two occasions as President pro 



26 



Biographical Sketches. 



tempore of the Senate. He was 
appointed in 1815 First Comptrol- 
ler of the Treasury, where he re- 
mained until 1836. He died in 
Washington, April IT, 183t. 

ANDERSON, JOSEPH H. 

He was born in New York, and 
was elected a Representative in 
. Congress from that State from 1843 
to 184T, and was Chairman of the 
Committee on Agriculture, and a 
member of the Committee on Ex- 
penditures in the Treasury Depart- 
ment. 

ANDERSON, JOSIAH M. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress from the Third District in 
that State, from 1849 to 1852, and 
was a member of the Committee on 
Private Land Claims. 

ANDERSON, J. P. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was elected a Delegate to the Thirty- 
fourth Congress from the Territory 
of Washington. 

ANDERSON, RICHARD C, Jr. 

Born in Jefferson County, Ken- 
tucky ; was elected a Representative 
in Congress from Kentucky, from 
1811 to 1821, and was Chairman of 
the Committee on Public Lands dur- 
ing the Sixteenth Congress. In 
1823 he was appointed Minister 
Plenipotentiary to Colombia, and in 
1826 Envoy Extraordinary to Pana- 
ma; but died November 6, 1826. 



ANDERSON, SAMUEL. 

Born in 1114, in Pennsylvania. 
He served repeatedly in the Legis- 
lature of that State ; was Speaker 
of its House in 1848 and 1849 ; and 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1821 to 1829, and was 
a member of the Committee on the 
Boimdary-Line of Missouri. He 
died in Chester, Pennsylvnia, Janu- 
ary 11, 1850. 

ANDERSON, SIMEON H. 

He was elected a Representative 
in Congress from the Fifth Con- 
gressional District of Kentucky, 
from 1839 to 1841, and served as a 
member of the Committee on Post- 
offices and Post-roads. He died at 
his residence near Lancaster, Ken- 
tucky, August 11, 1840, before the 
expiration of his term of service. 

ANDERSON, THOMAS L. 

Born in Creen County, Kentucky, 
December 8, 1808. He was self- 
educated, and removed to Missouri 
in 1830, where he commenced the 
practice of law at twenty-one years 
of age. He was elected to the Legis- 
lature of that State in 1840 ; was a 
Presidential Elector in 1844, 1848, 
1852, and 1856; and a member of 
the Convention for remodeling the 
State Constitution in 1845, and was 
elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on In- 
valid Pensions. He has also been 
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress. 



Biographical Sketches. 



27 



ANDERSON, WILLIAM. 
He was born in Chester County, 
New Jersey, in 1163 or '64, and was 
a Representative in Congress from 
Pennsylvania, from 1809 to 1815, 
and from 1811 to 1819. 

ANDREWS, CHARLES. 

Born in Paris,^Maine, in 1814 ; 
studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1831 ; was a member 
of the State Legislature from 1839 
to 1843, a portion of the time 
Speaker of the House; and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Maine, from 1851 to the time of his 
death, which occurred in ' Paris, 
April 30, 1852. 

ANDREWS, GEORGE R. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from the Fourteenth Congressional 
District in that State, from 1849 to 
1851, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Elections. 

ANDREWS, JOHN T. 

He was born in New York, and 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1831 to 
1839, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Expenditures in the 
State Department. 

ANDREWS, LANDAFF W. 

Born in Fleming County, Ken- 
tucky, February 12, 1803 ; gradu- 
ated at Transylvania University in 
1824 ; and commenced the practice 
of law in 1826, in which profession 
he has since been actively engaged. 



He was a member of the Kentucky 
Legislature in 1834, and in 1838 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, serving from 1839 to 
1843, and acted on the Committees 
on Revolutionary Pensions and Ac- 
counts. He is now a member of 
the Kentucky Senate. 

ANDREWS, SAMUEL G. 

He was born in Derby, New Ha- 
ven County, Connecticut, October 
16, 1199; received an academical 
education ; and removed with his 
father to Rochester, New York, in 
1816. He has been occupied chiefly 
in mercantile and manufacturing 
pursuits ; was for several years 
Mayor of Rochester ; was a mem- 
ber of the New York Legislature 
in 1831 and 1832, from Monroe 
County, New York ; Clerk of the 
Monroe County Court; Secretary 
of the State Senate of New York 
for four years ; Clerk of the Court 
of Dernier Resort for four years ; 
and was Postmaster of Rochester. 
He was elected a Representative 
from New York to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, and is a member of the 
Committee on Roads and Canals. 

ANDREWS, SHERLOCK J. 

Born in Wallingford, Connecti- 
cut, in 1801 ; graduated at Union 
College; settled in Cleveland, Ohio, 
in 1825, and practiced law; was 
Judge of the Superior Court of that 
State, and elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1841 to 1843, 
and was a member of the Commit- 
tee on Commerce. 



\ 



28 



Biographical Sketches. 



ANGEL, WILLIAM G. 

He was a native of New York, 
and elected a Representative in 
Congress, from Burlington, Otsego 
County, in that State, from 1825 to 
1827, and again from 1829 to 1833, 
and was a member of the Commit- 
tees on Indian Affairs and on Ter- 
ritories. 

ANTHONY, JOSEPH B. 

Born in Pennsylvania ; was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 183T, 
serving as a member of the Com- 
mittees on Territories and Military 
Affairs. He died at Williamsport, 
Pennsylvania, January IT, 1851. 

APPLETON, JOHN. 

Born in Beverly, Massachusetts, 
February 11, 1815 ; graduated at 
Bowdoin College, Maine, in 1834 ; 
was admitted to practice law at 
Portland, Maine, in 1837. In the 
winter of 1838-39 he became editor 
of a Democratic newspaper in that 
city, {The Eastern Argus,) and 
continued to be its editor for the 
next four or five years, during a 
part of which time he was also Re- 
gister of Probate for the County of 
Cumberland. In 1845 he accepted 
an invitation from Mr. Bancroft, 
the Secretary of the Xavy, to be- 
come Chief Clerk of the Navy De- 
partment ; subsequently he succeed- 
ed Mr. Trist as Chief Clerk of the 
State Department, which was then 
presided over by Mr. Buchanan. In 
1848 he was appointed, by President 
Polk, Charge d'Affaires of the Uni- 



ted States to Bolivia. On his re- 
turn from that mission, which he re- 
signed after the election of General 
Taylor, he resumed the practice of 
law at Portland, in partnership 
with Nathan Clifford, now one of the 
judges of the Supreme Court of the 
United States ; but soon afterwards, 
in September, 1850, he was elected 
from the Portland District, a mem- 
ber of the Thirty-second Congress 
In 1855 he joined Mr. Buchanan at 
Loudon, as Secretary of Legation, 
but returned home in time for the 
presidential canvass of 1856. In 
1857, having been obliged from ill 
health to decline the position to 
which he had been invited, of editor 
of the Washington Union, he was 
appointed, by President Buchanan, 
Assistant Secretary of State. 

APPLETON, NATHAN. 

Born at New Ipswich, New Hamp- 
shire, October 6, 1779. He entered 
Dartmouth College in 1794, but left 
his studies there, after being invited 
by his brother to join him in the 
mercantile business in Boston. He 
became interested in the cotton ma- 
nufacture, and in 1821 was one of the 
three original founders of Lowell. 
He was at different periods a member 
of the Legislature of Massachusetts, 
and from 1831 to 1833, and again 
in 1842, was elected a Representa- 
tive of that State in Congress ; but 
soon resigned his seat, and has since 
taken no part in public affairs. He 
has published pamphlets and essays 
on Currency, Banking, and the 
Tariff 



Biographical Sketches. 



29 



APrLETON, WILLIAM. 

Born in Brookfield, Massachu- 
setts, November, 1786, and was 
educated for mercantile pursuits, in 
which he has been engaged exten- 
sively and successfully for more than 
fifty years. He has taken a pro- 
minent part in various public enter- 
prises and benevolent objects ; given 
much attention to banking and finan- 
cial operations, and was for some 
years, and until the close of the in- 
stitution. President of the Branch 
Bank of the United States in Bos- 
ton. In 1850, he was elected a 
Representative in Congress from 
Massachusetts, and re-elected in 
1852. 

ARCHER, JOHN. 

He was born in Harford County, 
Maryland, in 1741, and graduated 
at Nassau Hall in 1760. He stu- 
died divinity, but on account of a 
throat affection, turned his atten- 
tion to Dieclicine, and went through 
a course of study at the Philadel- 
phia Medical College, having re- 
ceived the first medical diploma 
ever issued in the New World. At 
the commencement of the Revolu- 
tion, he had command of a military 
company; was a member of the 
State Legislature ; and after the 
war he practiced his profession ; he 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Maryland, from 1801 to 1807 ; 
and died in 1810. As a medical 
man he commanded great influence, 
and several discoveries were made 
by him, which have been adopted 
by the profession. 



ARCHER, STEPHENSON. 

He was born in Harford County, 
Maryland, and elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1811 to 1817, when he was 
appointed Judge of Mississippi Ter- 
ritory. He was chosen a Repre- 
sentative in Congress again, from 

1819 to 1821, and was a member of 
the Committee on Foreign Affairs, 

ARCHER, WILLIAM S. 

Bom in Amelia County, Virgi- 
nia, March 5, 1789. He came of 
a Welsh family, a number of whom 
acquitted themselves with honor in 
the revolutionary war. He ob- 
tained the rudiments of his educa- 
tion at the best grammar schools of 
the day ; graduated at the College 
of William and Mary ; and studied 
law. In 1812 he was elected to the 
State Legislature, where he served, 
excepting one year, until 1819. In 

1820 he was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress from Virginia, 
where he remained until 1835, tak- 
ing an active part in all matters of 
national importance, and exerting 
a paramount influence, especially as 
Chairman of the Committee on Fo- 
reign Relations and member of the 
Committee on the Missouri Com- 
promise. In 1841 he was elected 
to the United States Senate, where 
he remained until 1847, having, from 
the start, been placed at the head 
of the Committee on Foreign Re- 
lations in that body. By his pub- 
lic acts, he commanded the respect 
of the country ; and by the charms 
of his private character, won the 



30 



Biographical Sketches. 



friendship of many of the leading 
men of his day. On his retirement 
from public life, he devoted himself 
to the improvement of his paternal 
estate; and died March 28, 1855, 
of neuralgia, with which he had 
been afflicted for twenty years. 

ARMSTRONG, JAMES. 

A native of Pennsylvania ; dis- 
tinguished himself in the Indian 
wars, and was consulted by the pro- 
prietors of Pennsylvania on all mat- 
ters connected with Indian alfairs. 
In 1T16, Congress promoted him 
from the rank of colonel to that of 
brigadier-general, and he assisted 
in the defence of Fort Moultrie, 
and in the battle of Germantown; 
in 1177 he resigned his commission 
in consequence of dissatisfaction as 
to rank. He was subsequently elect- 
ed a Representative to Congress 
from Pennsylvania, serving from 
1793 to 1795, and sustained a num- 
ber of other honorable offices. He 
died at Carlisle, Penna., March 9, 
1795, a few days after the expira- 
tion of his term in Congress. 

ARMSTRONG, JOHN. 

He was a native of Pennsylva- 
nia, and served as an officer during 
the revolutionary war. At the close 
of the war, in order to obtain re- 
dress for the grievances sustained 
by the officers of the army, he pre- 
pared the celebrated "Newburgh 
Letters," and they produced a deep 
sensation. After the war he re- 
turned to Pennsylvania, where he 
was made adjutant-general of the 



State; and to him was intrusted 
the direction of the last Pennsyl- 
vania war against the Connecticut 
settlers of Wyoming. Returning 
to New York, he was sent to the 
Senate of the United States, serv- 
ing from 1800 to 1802. On the re- 
turn of Chancellor Livingston from 
the French embassy, he was com- 
missioned Minister in his place in 
1804. Returning to his own coun- 
try, he was called to the War De- 
partment by President Madison. 
During the campaign of 1813, he 
visited the northern frontier. His 
flight from Washington, with Mr. 
Madison and his cabinet, at the 
sacking of 1814, gave the coup de 
grace to his official career as Secre- 
tary of War. It was charged, that 
the capital was lost by reason of his 
neglect to provide the means of 
defence. He was dismissed from 
office, and the duties of the War 
Department devolved upon Mr. 
Monroe, then Secretary of State. 
From that time he lived in retire- 
ment upon his estate at Red' Hook, 
but passed a few years in Mary- 
land. He published a brief history 
of the last war with England. He 
died at Red Hook, New York, April 
1, 1843, aged eighty-four years. 

ARMSTRONG, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Lisburn, Antrim 
County, Ireland, December 23, 1782. 
He came to this country in 1792 ; 
had a limited education; studied 
law in Winchester, Yirginia; de- 
voted himself to mercantile pursuits. 
In 1813 he was appointed by Pre- 



Biographical Sketches. 



31 



sident Madison collector for the 
Sixth District of Virginia; in 1818 
and 1819 he was a member of the 
Virginia House of Delegates ; in 
1822 and 1823, a member of the 
Board of Public Works ; and in 
1820 and 1824 he was a Presidential 
elector ; for many years a justice of 
the peace ; one year high sheriff of 
Hampshire County ; and he was a 
Representative in Congress from 
1825 to 1833. Since that time, he 
has lived in retirement in the plea- 
sant valley of the South Branch 
of the Potomac. 

ARNOLD, BENEDICT. 
He was a member of the Assem- 
bly of New York, from Amsterdam, 
Montgomery County, in 1816 and 
1811, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1829 to 1831. 

ARNOLD, LEMUEL H. 
Born in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, 
January 29, 1192, and removed to 
Rhode Island at an early age. He 
graduated at Dartmouth College, in 
1811 ; was educated for the bar, but 
turned his attention to mercantile 
pursuits. In 1831, he was elected 
Governor of Rhode Island, and re- 
elected in 1832; he was a member 
of the Governor's Council during 
the Dorr rebellion in 1842 ; was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1845 to 1847; and died in Kings- 
ton, Rhode Island, June 27, 1852. 

ARNOLD, SAMUEL. 
He was born in Haddam, Mid- 
dlesex County, Connecticut, June 



1, 1806; received his education at 
Plainfield Academy, in Connecti- 
cut, and Westfield Academy, in 
Massachusetts ; has devoted the 
most of his life to agricultural pur- 
suits, and to various interests of 
commerce, having also for many 
years carried on one of the most ex- 
tensive stone quarries in the Union. 
He was, also, for a number of years. 
President of the Bank of East Had- 
dam. He served his native county, 
in the Legislature, during the years 
1839, 1842, 1844, and 1851, and 
was elected to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, as a Representative from Con- 
necticut, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Claims. 

ARNOLD, THOMAS D. 
He was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from Knox County, 
Tennessee, from 1831 to 1833, and 
for a second term, from 1841 to 1843, 
representing Greenville County; he 
was a member of the Committees on 
Elections and Claims. 

ARRINGTON, ARCHIBALD. 
He was born in North Carolina, 
and represented that State in Con- 
gress, from 1841 to 1845, after 
which he retired to private life. He 
was a member of the Committee on 
Expenditures in the War Depart- 
ment. 

ASH, MICHAEL W. 
He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1835 
to 1837, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Naval Affairs. 



32 



Biographical Sketches. 



ASHE, JOHN B. 

He was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from Brownsville 
County, Tennessee, from 1843 to 

1845, representing the Tenth Dis- 
trict, and serving as a member of 
the Committees on Invalid Pen- 
sions, and Expenditures in the State 
and Treasury Departments. 

ASHE, JOHN BAPTISTE. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from ItOO to 1193; was 
elected Governor of the State of 
North Carolina, in 1801 ; and died 
November, 2*7, 1802. He was a 
Delegate to the Continental Con- 
gress in 1*181 and 1188. 

ASHE, WILLIAM S. 

Born in Wilmington, North Ca- 
rolina ; a lawyer by profession ; 
served in the State Legislature in 

1846, and was re-elected in 1848; 
he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1849 to 1853, serving 
on the Committee on Expenditures 
in the State Department. 

ASHLEY, CHESTER. 

m'Wi^.h Born at Weotfi ' ejd , Massachusetts, 
June 1, 1190, but was removed in 
, infancy to Hudson, New York, 
^ where he resided until he reached 
the age of twenty-seven. He then 
went to Illinois, and after practicing 
law in that State for two years, re- 
moved to the Territory of Arkansas 
and established himself in Little 
Rock, then a mere landing. He 
was chosen a Senator in Congress, in 
1844, and was Chairman of the Ju- 



diciary Committee in that body. He 
served until his death, which oc- 
curred in Washington City, April 
29, 1848. 

ASHLEY, HENRY. 

He was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from Delaware and 
Green counties, New York, from 
1825 to 1821. 

ASHLEY, WILLIAM H. 

Born in Powhatan County, Ya., 
and emigrated to Missouri, then 
Upper Louisiana, in 1808, and set- 
tled near the Lead Mines. In 1822, 
he projected the scheme of the 
" Mountain Expedition," by uniting 
the Indian trade in the Rocky 
Mountains with the hunting and 
trapping business. He enlisted about 
300 hardy men in the business, and, 
after various successes and reverses, 
having sustained numerous losses 
by Indian robbery and river disas- 
ters, he and his associates realized 
a handsome fortune. He was the 
first Lieut.-Governor of Missouri, 
after it became a State, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1831 
to 1831. He died near Boonville, 
Missouri, March 26, 1838. 

ASHMUN, ELI PEASE. 

He was a distinguished lawyer, 
and for several years a member of 
the House of Representatives and 
Senate of Massachusetts ; and was 
elected, in 1816, to succeed Gene- 
ral Yarnum as Senator from that 
State, in Congress; this office he 
resigned in May, 1818. He died 



Biographical Sketches. 



33 



at Northampton, May 10, 1819, 
aged forty-eight. 

ASHMUN, GEORGE. 

Born in Brandford, Massachu- 
setts, December 25, 1804; gradua- 
ted at Yale College in 1823; stu- 
died law and settled in Springfield 
in 1828. He served in the State 
Legislature during the years 1833, 
1835, 1836, 1838, and 1841, offici- 
ating as Speaker of the House in 
the latter year. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1845 to 
1851, and was a member of the 
Committees on the Judiciary, In- 
dian Affairs, and on Rules. Since 
that time he has been devoted to 
the practice of his profession. 

ATCHISON, DAVID E. 

He was born in Frogtown, Fay- 
ette County, Kentucky, August 11, 
1807; was educated for the bar; 
and removed to Missouri in 1830. 
He was elected to the Legislature 
of that State in 1834 and 1838. In 
1841, he was appointed Judge of 
the Platte County Circuit Court; 
and during the year 1845, was ap- 
pointed a Senator in Congress, to 
which position he was twice elected, 
serving until 1855, frequently at the 
head of important committees, and 
for several sessions as President pro 
tempore of the Senate. He has 
since been devoted to agricultural 
pursuits. 

ATHERTON, CHARLES G. 

He was born in Hillsborough 
County, New Hampshire, July 4, 
3 



1804 ; graduated at Cambridge in 
1822; studied law, but engaged in 
politics when quite young ; he was 
for many years in the Legislature 
of New Hampshire, and for three 
years Speaker of the House ; he was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
183T to 1843 ; a Senator in Con- 
gress, from 1843 to 1849; and, in 
November, 1852, he was re-elected 
a Senator to fill a vacancy, and died 
of apoplexy in Manchester, New 
Hampshire, November 15, 1853. 
He was Chairman, in the Senate, 
of the Committee on Finance. 

ATHERTON, CHARLES H. 

He was born in Amherst, New 
Hampshire, August 14, 1773, and 
graduated at Harvard College in 
1794. He held the office of Regis- 
ter of Probate, from 1798 to 1807 ; 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1815 to 1817, and stood at 
the head of the bar in Hillsborough 
County for many years. He died 
in Amherst, January 8, 1853. 

ATKINS, JOHN D. C. 

He was born in Henry County, 
Tennessee, on the 4th of June, 1825 ; 
graduated at the University of East 
Tennessee in 1846 ; was elected to 
the lower branch of the Legisla- 
ture in 1849 and 1851 ; was elected 
to the State Senate in 1855 ; was a 
Presidential Elector in 1856 ; and 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from Tennessee, in 1857, 
and is a member of the Committee 
on Post-offices and Post-roads. 



34 



Biographical Sketches. 



ATKINSON, AECHIBALD. 

Born in Isle of Wight County, 
Virginia, September 13, 1*792. He 
left school at the age of eighteen, 
and entered the office of the Clerk 
of the County Court, and performed 
the duties of copyist, devoting his 
leisure time to the study of law, 
which he completed at the Law 
School of William and Mary Col- 
lege. In 1813 he joined the troops 
at ISTorfolk, as ensign of a volunteer 
company, which was attached to 
the 29th Regiment, and was at 
the battle of Craney Island. Upon 
leaving the army he commenced the 
practice of law in Smithfield, and 
was a member of the General As- 
sembly from 1815 to 1817, and, 
also, of the House of Delegates and 
State Senate for several years. In 
1843 he was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, and served until 
1848, and was a member of the 
Committees on Naval Affairs and 
Commerce. He was Prosecuting 
Attorney for his county twenty 
years ; Mayor of Smithfield, and a 
magistrate. Of late years he has 
devoted his attention to agriculture. 

AUSTIN, ARCHIBALD. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1811 to 
1819. 

AVERETT, THOMAS H. 

He was born in Virginia ; was a 
resident of Halifax County, and 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from the Third District in 
that State, from 1849 to 1853, and 



was a member of the Committees on 
Invalid Pensions, and on Revisal 
and Unfinished Business. 

AVERY, DANIEL. 

He was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from Hamilton County, 
New York, from 1811 to 1815, and 
from Cayuga County, from 1816 to 
1817. 

AVERY, WILLIAM T. 

Born in Maury County, Ten- 
nessee, November 11, 1819, and was 
very early in life thrown upon his 
own resources for education and sup- 
port ; he is a lawyer by profession ; 
and was elected to the Legislature 
of Tennessee in 1843. He held 
several creditable positions in his 
native State, and was chosen a Re- 
presentative to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress. He is a member of the Com- 
mittees on Expenditures in the 
State Department, and on Private 
Land Claims. 

AYCRIGG, JOHN B. 

He was born in New York, and 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from New Jersey, from 
1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 
to 1843, and was a member of the 
Committee on Expenditures in the 
Treasury Department, and the Joint 
Committee on the Library, and on 
Invalid Pensions. 

BABCOCK, ALFRED. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1841 
to 1843. 



Biographical Sketches. 



35 



BABCOCK, LEANDER. 
He was bom in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1851 to 1853. 

BABCOCK, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1831 
to 1833. 

BACON, EZEKIEL. 

He was born in Massachusetts ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1*194 ; 
the son of John Bacon ; and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Mas- 
sachusetts, from 180t to 1813. 

BACON, JOHN. 

He was born in Canterbury, Con- 
necticut ; graduated at the College 
of New Jersey in 1T65 ; studied 
theology, and, after preaching for a 
time in Maryland, removed to Mas- 
sachusetts, and settled in Boston. 
Owing to some difficulties with his 
congregation he relinquished the 
ministry, and subsequently held the 
positions of magistrate, represen- 
tative in the State Legislature, Pre- 
siding Judge of the Court of Com- 
mon Pleas, a member and President 
of the State Senate, and that of 
Representative in Congress, from 
Massachusetts, from 1801 to 1803. 
He died in Berkshire County, Octo- 
ber 25, 1820. 

BADGER, GEORGE E. 

Born in the town of Newbern, N. 
Carolina, in 1Y95. He graduated 
at Yale College in 1813; studied 
and practiced law ; and was elected 



to the Legislature in 1816. In 
1820 he was elected a judge of the 
Supreme Court, which he resigned 
in 1825 ; he was appointed Secre- 
tary of the N avy by President Har- 
rison in 1841 ; and was elected a 
Senator in Congress in 1846, and 
re-elected in 1848 for a term of six 
years, serving on the Committees 
on Military and Naval Affairs. Of 
late years he has been wholly de- 
voted to the practice of his profes- 
sion, visiting Washington occa- 
sionally to argue cases in the Su- 
preme Court of the United States. 

BADGER, LUTHER. 

Born in Partridgefield, Berkshire 
County, Massachusetts, April 10, 

1785, but his father removed to 
Broome County, New York, in 

1786. Having made sufficient ac- 
quaintance in the common branches 
of an English education, he entered 
Hamilton College at the age of 
nineteen, and spent two years there. 
In 1807 he commenced the study of 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1812, and continued to practice his 
profession until 1824, when he was 
elected a Representative to the 
Nineteenth Congress. He had been 
engaged in military services in his 
State, and in 1819 was appointed, 
by Governor Clinton, Judge-Advo- 
cate for the 27th Brigade of In- 
fantry of New York State, which 
office he held for eight years. In 
1832 he resumed the practice of 
law, and in 1840 was appointed 
Examiner in Chancery and Com- 
missioner of United States Loans, 



Biographical Sketches. 



wliicli office he held for three years. 
From 1846 to 1849 he was United 
States District Attorney for New- 
York. 

BAER, GEORGE. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1*791 to 
1801, and again from 1815 to 181T. 

BAGBY, ARTHUR P. 

He was born in Virginia in 1794 ; 
was liberally educated ; adopted the 
profession of law, and settled in 
Alabama in 1818; was elected a 
member of the Legislature in 1820 
and 1822, and was Speaker of the 
House ; was Governor of Alabama 
from 1837 to 1843 ; and a Senator 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1842 to 1849. His last public po- 
sition was that of Minister to Rus- 
sia, to which he was appointed in- 
1848. He died of yellow fever at 
Mobile, September 21, 1858. 

BAILEY, DAVID J. 

He was born in Georgia, and was 
a. Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1851 to 1855. 

BAILEY, JEREMIAH. 

A Representative in Congress, 
from Lincoln County, Maine, from 
1835 to 183*7, and was a member of 
the Committees on Agriculture and 
Expenditures in the Post-office De- 
partment. 

BAILEY, .JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, for Massachusetts, from 1823 
to 1831, serving on the Committees 
on Public Expenditures and Expen- 



ditures in the State Department ; 
and died at Dorchester, Massachu- 
setts, June 26, 1835. 

BAILEY, THEODORUS. 

He was born in 1752 ; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1793 to 1797, and again 
from 1799 to 1803 ; and a Senator 
in Congress, from 1803 to 1804, 
when he was appointed Postmaster 
of New York City. He died Sep- 
tember 6, 1828. 

BAKER, CALEB. 

He was born in Providence, 
Rhode Island ; served four years 
in the New York Assembly ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1819 to 1821. 

BAKER, DAVID J. 
He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Illinois, from 1830 to 1831. 

BAKER, EDWARD D. 
He was born in England, but 
having emigrated to Illinois, and 
been naturalized, was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1849 to 1851, and was 
a member of the Committee on Pub- 
lic Lands. 

BAKER, EZRA. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1815 
to 1817. 

BAKER, JOHN. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 1811 to 
1813. 



Biographical Sketches. 



37 



BAKER, OSMYN. 

He was born in Massachusetts ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1822 ; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from his native State, from 
1841 to 1845. 

BALDWIN, ABRAHAM. 

Was a native of Connecticut, and 
a graduate of Yale College in 1172, 
and from 1775 to 1779 he was a 
tutor in that institution. Having 
studied law, he settled in Savannah, 
Georgia, and soon after his arrival 
there he was chosen a member of 
the Legislature. He originated the 
plan of the University of Georgia, 
drew up the charter, and persuaded 
the Assembly to adopt it, and was 
for some time its president. He 
was a member of the Continental 
Congress from 1785 to 1788, and a 
member of the Convention which 
framed the Constitution of the 
United States. From 1789 to 1799 
he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, and from 1799 to 1807 he 
was a member of the United States 
Senate. He died March 4, 1807, 
aged fifty-three years. 

BALDWIN, HENRY. 

He was born in New Haven, Con- 
necticut, in 1779; graduated at 
Yale College in 1797; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1817 to 1822. 
He was a distinguished lawyer, and 
was for many years Associate Judge 
of the Supreme Court of the United 
States. He died in Philadelphia, 
April 21, 1844. 



BALDWIN, JOHN. 

He was born in Connecticut ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1825 to 1829, 
serving on one standing, and one 
select committee. 

BALDWIN, ROGER SHERMAN. 

Born at New Haven, Connecti- 
cut, January 4, 1793 ; graduated at 
Yale College in 1811 ; studied law 
at Litchfield Law School ; was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1814; and 
established himself in practice at 
New Haven, where he has since 
continued to reside. In 1837 he 
was elected to the State Senate, 
re-elected in 1838, and chosen Pre- 
sident pro fem. of that body. In 
1840 and 1841 he was a Representa- 
tive in the General Assembly, and 
in the latter year was associated 
with J. Q. Adams in the argument 
before the Supreme Court of the 
United States, in the case of the 
Africans of the Amistad. In 1844 
and 1845 he was Governor of the 
State, and in 1847 was elected to 
the United States Senate by the 
Legislature of Connecticut, serving 
until 1851. Since that time he has 
been engaged in his professional 
duties. 

BALDWIN, SIMEON. 

Born at Norwich, Connecticut, 
December 14, 1761 ; graduated at 
Yale College in 1781. In 1783 he 
was appointed tutor at the college, 
and continued in that station until 
1786, when he was admitted to the 
bar in New Haven, and commenced 



38 



Biographical Sketches. 



the practice of law. From 1*790 to 
1803 he was Clerk of the District 
and Circuit Courts of the United 
States ; was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1803 to 1805, and 
declined a re-election. In 1806 he 
was appointed, by the Legislature, ■ 
Associate Judge of the Superior 
Court and of the Supreme Court of 
Errors, and held the office until 
isn. In 1822 was chosen by the 
General Assembly one of the Com- 
missioners to locate the Farmington 
Canal, and was made President of 
that Board. In 1826 was elected 
Mayor of New Haven. In 1830 he 
resigned his office as Commissioner. 
He died in New Haven, May 26, 
1851. 

BALL, EDWARD. 
He was born in Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1853 to 1855, and was 
re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress. 

BALL, WILLIAM LEE. 
Born in Lancaster County, Yir- 
ginia, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1817 to 1824. 

BANKS, JOHN. 
He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Crawford County, in 
that State, from 1831 to 1836, and 
was a member of the Committees 
on Elections, Patents, and Claims. 

BANKS, LINN. 
Born in Yirginia, and was for 
twenty successive years Speaker of 



the House of Delegates of that 
State, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1838 to 1842, and was 
a member of the Committee on 
Claims. He was found drowned in 
a stream in Madison County, Yir- 
ginia, February 24, 1842. 



BANKS, NATHANIEL P. 

Born in Waltham, Massachusetts, 
January 30, 1816, of poor but re- 
spectable parents — operatives in a 
factory. He had no advantages 
but those afforded by the common 
school, but he became a lover of 
books at an early day, and that love 
has been a source of gratification to 
him all his life. His first venture 
before the public was in the capa- 
city of newspaper editor in his na- 
tive town, and he followed the same 
pursuit at Lowell. He studied law, 
but did not practice to any great 
extent, and in 1848 he was elected 
to the Legislature of Massachu- 
setts, serving in both houses, and 
officiating for a time as Speaker. 
He was chosen President of the 
Convention held in 1853, for revis- 
ing the Constitution of Massachu- 
setts, and was soon afterwards elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, 
serving from 1853 to 1857, when 
he was elected Governor of Massa- 
chusetts, by a majority of 24,000. 
During his second term in Congress, 
he was elected Speaker, and, as a 
presiding officer, won a reputation 
for impartiality, as it is said that 
not one of his decisions was ever 
overruled by the House. He was 



Biographical Sketches. 



39 



elected Governor of Massachusetts 
for a second term, in 1858. 

BARBER, LEVI. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from ISH to 1819, 
and again from 1821 to 1823. 

BARBER, NOTES. 

He was born in Groton, Connec- 
ticut, April 28, 1781 ; was in early 
life a merchant, but a lawyer by 
profession ; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from his native 
State, from 1821 to 1835. He died 
at Groton, January 3, 1845. He 
was a man of ability, and while in 
Congress accomplished much good 
for his native State, where he was 
universally respected as a man and 
a statesman. 

BARBOUR, JAMES. 

A native of Virginia ; was Speak- 
er of the House of Delegates, and 
Governor of that State ; and a 
Senator in Congress, from 1815 to 
1825, officiating as Chairman of the 
Committees on Foreign Relations 
and the District of Columbia, and 
serving on other important com- 
mittees. He was appointed Secre- 
tary of War in 1825, and Minister 
to England in 1828. He died in 
Orange County, Virginia, June 8, 
1842, aged sixty-six years. 

BARBOUR, .JOHN S. 

Born in Virginia in 1810, and 
died in Culpeper County, Virginia, 
January 12, 1855. He was in early 
life a member of the State Legisla- 



ture ; was from 1823 to 1833 a 
member of Congress from Virginia ; 
again in the State Legislature in 
1833-34 ; and member of the Con- 
stitutional Convention in 1829-30. 
He was a gentleman of much ability, 
and exercised considerable inflence 
in the public affairs of his State. 

BARBOUR, LUCIEN. 

He was born in Canton, Connec- 
ticut, March 4, 1811; graduated 
at Amherst College in 1831, having, 
while receiving his own education, 
been a teacher himself; he removed 
to Indiana, studied law, and settled 
in the practice at Indianapolis. He 
was appointed, by President Polk, 
United States District Attorney ; 
acted a number of times as arbitra- 
tor between the State of Indiana 
and private corporations ; in 1852 
was appointed a Commissioner to 
prepare a code of practice for the 
State ; and was a Representative in 
the Thirty-fourth Congress, since 
which time he has been devoted to 
his profession. 

BARBOUR, PHILIP P. 

Born in 1779 ; was educated for 
the law, in the practice of which he 
was successful ; he was a member of 
Congress, from Virginia, from 1814 
to 1825; Speaker of the House of 
Representatives in 1821 ; in 1825 
he was appointed Judge of the 
Eastern District of Virginia ; was 
again in Congress from 182t to 
1830, officiating as Chairman of the 
Judiciary Committee; and in 1836 
was appointed by President Jackson 



40 



Biographical Sketches. 



an Associate Judge of the Supreme 
Court of the United States. He died 
in Washington City, of ossification 
of the heart, February 25, 1841. 

BARCLAY, DAVID. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from his native State, from 
1855 to 1857. 

BARD, DAVID. 

He was a graduate of Princeton 
College in 1^13, and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1795 to 1799, and again from 
1803 to 1815. 

BARKER, DAVID. 

He was a lawyer by profession, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1 827 to 1 829, and died in Rochester, 
New Hampshire, April 1, 1834, 
aged thirty-seven years. 

BARKER, JOSEPH. 

He commenced his classical stu- 
dies at Harvard University, and 
graduated at Yale College in 1771 ; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1805 to 1809. He died in 1815. 

BARKESDALE, WILLIAM. 

Born in Rutherford County, Ten- 
nessee, August 21, 1821, and pur- 
sued a partial course of studies at 
the Nashville University. He is a 
lawyer by profession ; held a com- 
mission in the staff of the 2d Mis- 
sissippi Regiment, in the Mexican 



war, in 1847 ; was a member of the 
Mississippi Convention called in 
1851 to discuss the Compromise 
measures of 1850 ; and was elected 
Representative, from Mississippi, in 
the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and 
Thirty-fifth Congresses. He is a 
member of the Committee on For- 
eign Affairs. 

BARLOW, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1827 
to 1829, and was a member of the 
Committee on Agriculture. 

BARNARD, D. D. 

He was born in Berkshire Coun- 
ty, Massachusetts ; graduated at 
William's College in 1818 ; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar, 
in New York, in 1821 ; in 1826 was 
elected District Attorney for the 
County of Monroe, New York ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1827 to 1829, 
and again from 1839 to 1845. In 
1850 he was appointed Minister to 
Prussia. He has devoted much at- 
tention to literary pursuits, and the 
degree of LL.D. was conferred 
upon him by the colleges of Geneva 
and New York. Of late years he 
has devoted himself to the publica- 
tion of a work called "A Journal 
of Education." 

BARNARD, ISAAC D. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 
1831, and died at West Chester, 
Pennsylvania, February, 1834. 



Biographical Sketches. 



41 



BARNETT, WILLIAM. 

He was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from Georgia, from 
1812 to 1815, when he was appoint- 
ed one of the Commissioners to run 
the Creek boundary line. 

BARNEY, JOHN. 

He was a son of Commodore 
Joshua Barney, and a member of 
Congress, from Maryland, from 1825 
to 182*7. He died in Washington, 
District of Columbia, January 26, 
1857, aged seventy-two years. He 
was known in Washington society 
for many years, as an agreeable 
gentleman ; and he left behind him 
an unfinished record of " Personal 
Recollections of Men and Things," 
both in this country and Europe. 

BARNITZ, CHARLES A. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1833 
to 1835, and died at York, in that 
State, in March, 1850. 

BARNWELL, ROBERT. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1791 to 1793. 

BARNWELL, R. W. 

He was born in South Carolina ; 
graduated at Harvard University in 
1821; studied law, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from South 
Carohna, from 1829 to 1833, was 
President of the South Carolina 
College from 1835 to 1843, and was 
a Senator in Congress in 1850. 



BARRERE, NELSON. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1851 to 1853. 

BARRINGER, DANIEL L. 

Born in Mecklenburgh County, 
!North Carolina, October 1, 1788; 
had a good classical education ; 
studied law, and practiced with suc- 
cess in Wake County ; served in the 
Legislature of North Carolina in 
1813, and again from 1819 to 1822 ; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1826 to 1835, and again 
from 1843 to 1849. He subse- 
quently removed to Tennessee, and 
was elected Speaker of the House 
of Representatives of that State. 
He died October 16, 1852. 

BARRINGER, DANIEL MOREAU. 

Was born in Cabarras County, 
North Carolina, and graduated at 
the University of North Carolina 
in 1826; he selected the law as a 
profession, having commenced to 
practice in 1829. In that year he 
was elected a member of the State 
Legislature, in which position he 
continued for a number of years. In 
1835 he was a member of a conven- 
tion to amend the State Constitu- 
tion. He was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1843 to 1849, when 
he was appointed by President Tay- 
lor Minister to Spain and continued 
in that mission by President Fill- 
more. On resigning his position as 
Minister, after serving four years, 
he traveled extensively in Europe, 
and, on his return home, was elect- 
ed to the State Legislature, and in 



42 



Biographical Sketches. 



1855, having declined a re-election, 
retired to private life, devoting him- 
self to literary studies and pursuits. 

BARROW, ALEXANDER. 

Born in Ifashville, Tennessee, in 
1801, where, after completing his 
education, he was admitted to the 
bar ; he soon after removed to Loui- 
siana, gave up the practice of law, 
and turned his attention to planting. 
He served a number of years in the 
Legislature of Louisiana, and was 
a Senator in Congress, from 1841 
to 1847. Died December 29, 1846. 

BARROW, WASHINGTON. 

He is a native of Tennessee ; a 
lawyer by education and profession ; 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 184no 1849, 
serving on the Committee for the 
District of Columbia; and in 1841 
was appointed American Charge 
d'Aflfaires to Portugal. 

BARRY, WILLIAM S. 

He was born in Mississippi, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

BARRY, WILLIAM T. 

He was a native of Kentucky, and 
a Senator in Congress, from that 
State, from 1814 to 1816, having 
previously, during the years 1810 
and 1811, been a Representative in 
Congress. He was also a member 
of President Jackson's cabinet, as 
Postmaster-General, (the first, as 
such, admitted to that honor ;) and 
at the time of his death, which occur- 



red in Liverpool, England, August 
30,1835,he was Minister Plenipoten- 
tiary of the United States to Spain. 

BARSTOW, GAMALIEL H. 

He served three years in the As- 
sembly of New York, four years in 
the State Senate, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1831 to 1833. 

BARSTOW, GIDEON. 

A native of Massachusetts ; was 
a member of both branches of the 
Legislature of that State, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1821 to 1823. He died in St. Au- 
gustine, Florida, where he had gone 
for his health, March 26, 1852, aged 
sixty-nine years. 

BARTLETT, BAILEY. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts,from 1797 
to 1801. 

BARTLETT, ICHABOD. 

He was born in SalisburyjtiiN'ew 
Hampshire, in 1786 ; graduated at 
Dartmouth College in 1808; studied 
law, and settled in Portsmouth, 
where he was eminently successful 
in his profession, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1823 to 
1829, serving on the Committee oh 
Naval Affairs. He was also fre- 
quently in the State Legislature, 
and a member of the Convention to 
revise the State Constitution. He 
died in Portsmouth, October 19, 
1853. 



Biographical Sketches. 



43 



BARTLETT, JOSIAH. 

Bom in New Hampshire in 1168, 
and died at Stratham, in that State, 
April 14, 1838. He was a physi- 
cian of extensive practice, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
New Hampshire, from 1811 to 
1813. 

BARTLETT, THOMAS, Jr. 

He was born in Vermont, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1851 to 1853. 

BARTLEY, MORDECAI. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1823 to 1831. 

BARTON, DAVID. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Missouri, from 1821 to 1831, 
and a man of distinguished talents. 
Died near Boonville, Missouri, Sep- 
tember 28, 1837. 

BARTON, RICHARD W. 

He was born in Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
thai State, from 1841 to 1843. 

BARTON, SAMUEL, 

He was born in New York, served 
three years in the Assembly of that 
State, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1835 to 183t. 

BASSETT, BURWELL. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1805 to 1813, 
from 1815 to 1819, and from 1821 
to 1831. 



BASSET, RICHARD. 

He was a member from Delaware 
of the Convention which formed the 
Constitution, and a Senator in Con- 
gress, from its adoption until 1193. 
He was also a justice of the Federal 
Supreme Court; Governor of De- 
laware, from 1798 to 1801 ; and 
died in September, 1815. 

BATEMAN, EPHRAIM. 

He was born in Cumberland, New 
Jersey, was a Senator in Congress, 
from that State, from 1826 to 1829 ; 
and was a member of the Commit- 
tees on Agriculture and Enrolled 
Bills; having previously been a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1815 to 1823; serving on the Com- 
mittees on the Post-office and Ac- 
counts. 

BATES, EDWARD. 

He is a lawyer by profession, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Missouri, from 1827 to 1829. 

BATES, ISAAC C. 

Born at Granville, Massachusetts, 
in 1780, and graduated at Yale Col- 
lege in 1802. He studied law and 
attained a high position as an ad- 
vocate. He was frequently in the 
State Legislature and a member of 
the Executive Council ; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1827 
to 1833, and a Senator in Congress, 
from 1841 to 1845 ; and was Chair- 
man of the Committee on Pensions. 
He died in Washington City, March 
16, 1845. 



44 



Biographical Sketches. 



BATES, JAMES. 

A Representative in Congress 
from Somerset County, Maine, from 
1831 to 1833, and was a member of 
the Committee on Expenditures in 
the Post-oifice Department, 

BATES, JAMES W. 

He was born in Goochland 
County, Virginia, and was a Dele- 
gate to Congress, from the Terri- 
tory of Arkansas, from 1820 to 1828. 

BATES, M. W. 

He was born in Salisbury, Litch- 
field County, Connecticut, February 
24, 118Y ; he received a good Eng- 
lish education, and became a lawyer 
by profession ; having first studied 
medicine. He removed to Delaware 
and was several times elected to the 
Legislatilre of that State ; and in 
1850 was a member of the Consti- 
tutional Convention of the State of 
Delaware. He took his seat in the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, as a Senator 
from Delaware, and is a member of 
the Committee on Pensions and 
Revolutionary Pensions. 

BAY, WILLIAM V. N. 

He was born in New York, and 
having become a citizen of Mis- 
souri, was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from 1849 to 1851. 

BAYARD, JAMES A. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, in 
1167. After studying law at Phi- 
ladelphia, he commenced the prac- 
tice in Delaware. In 1196 he was 
elected a Representative in Con- 



gress, serving from l'79t to 1801; 
when he was appointed Minister to 
France. In 1804 he was elected to 
the United States Senate, of which 
body he continued a member, till 
he was appointed by President Ma- 
dison, in 1813, a Commissioner to 
negotiate a peace with Great Bri- 
tain. The absence of the Emperor 
from St. Petersburg preventing the 
transaction of any business, he pro- 
ceeded to Holland : he lent his 
able assistance in the negotiation 
of the treaty of peace at Ghent. 
At Paris, he was apprised of his 
appointment as Envoy to the Court 
of St. Petersburg ; this he declined. 
He tendered, however, his co-opera- 
tion in forming a commercial treaty 
with Great Britain ; but an alarm- 
ing illness compelled him to return 
to the United States, He arrived 
in June, and died in August, 1815. 

BAYARD, JAMES A. 

He has been a Senator in Con- 
gress, from Delaware, ever since 
1851, and is Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on the Judiciary, and a mem- 
ber of the Committees on the Library 
and on Public Grounds. 

BAYARD, RICHARD H. 

He was born in Delaware, gra- 
duated at Princeton College in 
1814, and was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from Delaware, from 1836 to 
1839, and again from 1841 to 
1845. He was subsequently ap- 
pointed American Minister to Bel- 
gium. 



BioGKAPiiicAL Sketches. 



45 



BAYLIES, FRANCIS. 

Born in 1T84; a Representative 
in Congress, from Massachusetts, 
from 1821 to 182Y, and in 1832 
was appointed American Minister 
to Brazil, and died October 28, 1852. 
He was the author of "A History 
of the Plymouth Colony." 

BAYLIES, WILLIAM. 

He graduated at Harvard Col- 
lege in 1*160 ; was a member of the 
Provincial Congress in 1775 ; often 
a member of the Massachusetts State 
Council ; and a Representative in 
Congress, from Massachusetts, from 
1805 to 1809, and again from 1813 
to ISlt. He died at Dighton, 
Massachusetts, June 17, 1826, aged 
eighty-two years. 

BAYLIES, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 1838 
to 1835, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Revolutionary 
Claims. 

BAYLEY, THOMAS. 

He was born in Somerset County, 
Maryland, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, 
from 1817 to 1823. 

B.^YLEY, THOMAS M. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1813 to 
1815. 

BAYLOR, R. E. B. 

. He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Alabama, from 1829 to 
1831. 



BAYLY, THOMAS HENRY. 

Born in Accomac County, Vir- 
ginia, in 1810; graduated at the 
University of Virginia, and came 
to the bar in 1830. At the age of 
twenty-six, he was chosen a mem- 
ber of the General Assembly of 
Virginia, and was re-elected for five 
years in succession. While a mem- 
ber of the Legislature, he was 
elected by that body a brigadier- 
general of the militia of Eastern 
Virginia. He resigned his seat, 
and was elected Judge of the Cir- 
cuit Superior Court of Law. In 
1844 he resigned his seat on the 
bench, and was elected to the House 
of Representatives from the Ac- 
comac District, and continued, by 
successive elections, a member of 
the House for twelve years, until 
the time of his death; during the 
Thirty-first Congress officiating as 
Chairman of the Committee of 
Ways and Means. He lived and 
died on the same spot where his 
ancestors from England landed in 
1666, and where they established 
the family home. He commanded 
the same brigade Avhich his grand- 
father had commanded; and he 
held the same seat in the General 
Assembly of his State and in the 
House of Representatives, which 
his father had occupied before him. 
He died June 22, 1856, aged forty- 
five years. 

BEALE, JAMES M. H. 

He was born in Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1833 to 1837, and 



46 



Biographical Sketches. 



for two other terms, from 1849 to 
1853. 

BEALE, E. L. T. 

Born at Hickory Hill, Westmore- 
land County, Virginia, May 22, 
1819; his education was obtained 
chiefly at Northumberland Aca- 
demy, spending a short time at 
Dickinson College, Pennsylvania. 
In 1836 he commenced the study 
of law, and graduated at the Uni- 
versity of Virginia, as a student of 
that profession, in 1838, and was 
licensed to practice in 1839. In 
184t he was elected a Bepresenta- 
tive in Congress, and was a mem- 
ber of the Committee on the Mi- 
litia; he declined a re-election at 
the expiration of his term. In 1850 
he was a member of the Beform 
Convention of Virginia, and in 1851 
was elected to the State Senate, 
which position he now holds. 

BEALL, EEZIN. 

He was an officer in Wayne's 
army, with Harrison and Van Bens- 
selaer ; occupied various public sta- 
tions in Ohio, and was a member of 
Congress, from that State, from 
1813 to 1815, and died at Wooster, 
Ohio, February 20, 1843, aged 
seventy-three years. 

BEARDSLEY, SAMUEL. 

He was a Bepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Oneida County, New 
York, from 1831 to 1836, and was 
Chairman of the Committee on the 
Judiciary. He also held the offices 
of State Senator in 1823, and As- 



sistant Justice of the Supreme 
Court of the State, and the Fede- 
ral appointment of United States 
District Attorney for New York, 

BEATTY, JOHN. 

He graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1769, and studied medicine ; 
was a Bepresentative in Congress, 
from New Jersey, from 1793 to 
1195, having been a Delegate to 
the Continental Congress, from 1183 
to 1185. He died April 30, 1826, 
aged seventy-seven years. 

BEATTY, MARTIN. 

He was a Bepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1833 
to 1835. 

BEATTY, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Ireland, and was 
a Bepresentative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 1841. 

BEAN, BENNING M. 

He was born in New Hampshire, 
was a Bepresentative in Congress, 
from 1833 to 1831, and was a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Agricul- 
ture. 

BEAUMONT, ANDREW. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Bepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1833 
to 1831, and died at Wilksbarre, 
Pennsylvania, in October, 1853. 

BECKER, GEORGE L. 
He is a Bepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Minnesota; elected to 
the Thirty-fifth Congress. 



Biographical Sketches. 



47 



BEDINGER, GEORGE M. 

He was an officer in the revolu- 
tionary war, having served as ad- 
jutant in the expedition against 
Chillicothe, in 17*79, and as a major 
at the battle of Blue Licks, in 
1782; he was one of the earliest 
emigrants into the State of Ken- 
tucky ; was a member of the Ken- 
tucky Legislature in 1792, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1803 to 1807 He spent the close 
of his life in retirement, and died 
at an advanced age. 

BEDINGER, HENRY. 

He was born in Yirginia; re- 
ceived a classical education ; adopt- 
ed the profession of law ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Virginia, from 1845 to 1849, where 
he was distinguished for his elo- 
quence as a debater. In 1853 he 
was appointed Charge d'Aflfaires to 
Denmark, and returned home in the 
autumn of 1858. A few weeks after 
his return he partook of a compli- 
mentary dinner tendered to him by 
his fellow-citizens of all parties ; he 
died of pneumonia, at Shepherds- 
town, Virginia, November 26, 1858. 
During his residence in Denmark, he 
was successful in bringing about the 
treaty abolishing the Sound Dues. 

BEECHER, PHILEMON. 

Born in New Haven, Connecti- 
cut ; he was an able lawyer, and 
one of the early settlers of Ohio, to 
which he emigrated from Connecti- 
cut. He was a Representative in 
Congress, from Ohio, from 1817 to 



1821, serving as a member of the 
Committee on the Judiciary, and 
re-elected from 1823 to 1829. He 
died at Lancaster, Ohio, Novem- 
ber 30, 1839, aged sixty-four years. 

BEEKMAN, THOMAS. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1829 
to 1831. 

BEESON, HENRY W. 
He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1841 to 

1843. 

BELCHER, HIRAM. 

He was born in Maine, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1847 to 1849. 

BELCHER, NATHAN. 
Born in Griswold, Connecticut, 
June 23, 1813; graduated at Am- 
herst College in 1832 ; studied law 
with Samuel Ingham, of Essex, and 
at the Cambridge Law School; was 
admitted to the bar in 1836; and 
practiced at Clinton, Connecticut, 
until 1841, when he removed to 
New London, relinquished the prac- 
tice of law, and engaged in manu- 
facturing. He was a member of 
the House of Representatives of 
Connecticut in 1846 and 1847, and 
of the State Senate in 1850, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1853 to 1855. 

BELDEN, GEORGE 0. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1827 
to 1829. 



48 



Biographical Sketches. 



BELL, HIRAM. 

He was born in Yermont, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Ohio, from 1852 to 1853. 

BELL, JAMES. 

Born November 13, 1804, in 
Francestown, Hillsborougli County, 
New Hampshire; graduated at 
Bowdoin College in 1822; studied 
law, and completed his course at 
Litchfield; was admitted to the 
bar in 1825, and commenced to 
practice at Gilmanton; removed 
to Exeter, and thence to Grilford ; 
and for many years held a dis- 
tinguished rank in his profession. 
In 1846 he was elected to the 
Legislature, and was a member of 
the Constitutional Convention of 
the State in 1850. He was elected 
United States Senator, in June, 
1855, for six years; and died in 
Laconia, New Hampshire, May 26, 
1851, whither he had gone from 
Washington to recruit his health. 

BELL, JAMES M. 

He was born in Ohio, and was a 
Bepresentative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1833 to 1835. 

BELL, JOHN. 

He was born near Nashville, 
Tennessee, February 15, 1*797. He 
commenced his studies at Cumber- 
land College, now the Nashville 
University, and graduated at the 
latter in 1814; he studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1816. 
In 1817 he was elected to the State 
Senate ; declined a re-election, and 



devoted the next ten years of his 
life wholly to his profession; in 
1827 he was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, and continued to 
be re-elected until 1841, officiating 
during one term as Speaker; in 
■ 1841 he accepted a seat in Presi- 
dent Harrison's cabinet as Secre- 
tary of War, which post he resigned 
in five months after the accession 
of President Tyler; in 1847 he ac- 
cepted a seat in the House of Re- 
presentatives of Tennessee, but be- 
fore the close of the year he was 
elected to the United States Senate, 
and was re-elected in 1852, serving, 
from time to time, as chairman of 
important committees. 

BELL, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gi»ess, from Ohio, from 1850 to 
1851. 

BELL, JOSHUA F, 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1845 
to 1847, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Invalid Pensions, 
and declined a re-election. He is 
a lawyer, and distinguished in the 
West as an orator. 

BELL, PETER H. 
He was born in Yirginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Texas, from 1853 to 1857. ■ 

BELL, SAMUEL. 

Born in 1769, and died at Ches- 
ter, New Hamsphire, December 23, 



Biographical Sketches. 



49 



1850. He was a graduate of Dart- 
mouth College in 1793; a Judge 
of the Supreme Court of New 
Hampshire, from 1816 to 1819; 
Governor of the State, from 1819 
to 1823 ; and a Senator in Congress, 
from 1823 to 1835, serving as a 
member of the Committees on Fo- 
reign Affairs and Claims, and offi- 
ciating as Chairman of the latter 
during the Twenty-third Congress. 

BELLINGER, JOSEPH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1817 to 1819. 

BELSER, JAMES E. 

He was born in South Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Alabama, from 1845 to 

1847. 

BENJAMIN, J. P. 

He is a lawyer by profession ; and 
was elected a Senator in Congress, 
from Louisiana, to serve from 1853 
to 1859, and he is Chairman of the 
Committee on Private Land Claims, 
and a member of the Committees 
on the Judiciary and on Commerce. 

BENNET, BENJAMIN. 

Born in 1762; was a Baptist 
minister, and a Representative in 
Congress, from New Jersey, from 
1815 to 1819. He died at Middle- 
town, New Jersey, October 8, 1840. 

BENNET, HENRY. 

He was born in New Lisbon, Ot- 
sego County, New York, Septem- 
4 



ber 29, 1808 ; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1 832 ; and 
having been elected to Congress as 
a Representative from that State 
in 1848, has continued to be re- 
elected until the present time, so 
that at the end of the Thirty-fifth 
Congress he will have served in 
that capacity continuously, the pe- 
riod of ten years. During the 
Thirty-fourth Congress he was 
Chairman of the Committee on 
Public Lands, and reported a num- 
ber of important bills for the bene- 
fit of the Western States, and during 
the present Congress he has served 
as a member of the same committee. 

BENNETT, H. S. 

Born in Williamson County, Ten- 
nessee, March 7, 1807 ; received 
a limited education; studied law, 
and began to practice in 1830, 
when he removed to Mississippi, 
where he held the office of circuit 
judge for eight years, and of which 
State he was a Representative in 
Congress during the Thirty-fourth 
Congress. Of late years he has 
been devoted to planting. 

BENSON, EGBERT. 

He was eminent as a statesman 
and jurist, and died at Jamaica, 
New York, in August, 1833, in the 
eighty-seventh year of his age. He 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1789 to 1793, 
taking an active part in its delibera- 
tions. He had previously served 
as a delegate in the Continental 
Congress from 1784 to 1788. He 



50 



Biographical Sketches. 



was a graduate of Columbia Col- 
lege in 1165, and received literary 
honors from Harvard University in 
1808, and from Dartmouth in 1811. 

BENSON, SAMUEL P. 

He was born in the town of Win- 
throp, Maine ; graduated at Bow- 
doin College in 1825; and was 
elected a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, in 1853, and 
was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth 
Congress, when he served as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Naval 
Affairs. He is at the present time 
one of the overseers of Bowdoin 
College 

BENTON, CHARLES S. 

He was born in Maine, and was a 
Bepresentative in Congress, from 
]S^ew York, from 1843 to 1849. 

BENTON, SAMUEL. 

He was a Bepresentative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1193 to 1198. 

BENTON, THOMAS HART. 

He was born in Hillsborough, 
North Carolina, March 14, 1182, 
and educated at Chapel Hill Col- 
lege. He left that institution with- 
out receiving a degree, and forth- 
with commenced the study of law 
in William and Mary College, Vir- 
ginia, under Mr. St. George Tucker. 
In 1810 he entered the United 
States array, but soon resigned his 
commission of lieutenant-colonel, 
and in 1811 was at Nashville, Ten- 
nessee, where he commenced the 
practice of the law. He soon after- 



wards emigrated to St. Louis, Mis- 
souri, where he connected himself 
with the press as the editor of a 
newspaper, the Missouri Argus. 
In 1820 he was elected a member 
of the United States Senate, serving 
as chairman of many important 
committees, and remained in that 
body till the session of 1851, at 
which time he failed of re-election. 
As Missouri was not admitted into 
the Union till August 10, 1821, 
more than a year of Mr. Benton's 
first term of service expired before 
he took his seat. He occupied him- 
self during thisinterval before taking 
his seat in Congress in acquiring a 
knowledge of the language and lite- 
rature of Spain. Immediately after 
he appeared in the Senate he took 
a prominent part in the delibera- 
tions of that body, and rapidly rose 
to eminence and distinction. Few 
public measures were discussed be- 
tween the years 1821 and 1851 that 
he did not participate in largely, 
and the influence he wielded was 
always felt and confessed by the 
country. He was one of the chief 
props and supporters of the admin- 
istrations of Presidents Jackson 
and Van Buren. The people of 
Missouri long clung to him as their 
apostle and leader ; and it required 
persevering effort to defeat him. 
But he ha<i served them during the 
entire period of thirty years with- 
out interruption, and others, who 
aspired to honors he enjoyed, be- 
came impatient for an opportunity 
to supplant him. His defeat was 
the consequence. Colonel Benton 
was distinguished for his learning, 



Biographical Sketches. 



51 



iron will, practical mind, and strong 
memory. As a public speaker he 
was not interesting or calculated to 
produce an effect on the passions of 
an audience, but his speeches were 
read with avidity, always producing 
a decided influence. He was elected 
a Representative in the Thirty- 
third Congress for the District of 
St. Louis, and on his retirement 
from public life devoted himself to 
the preparation of a valuable regis- 
ter of the debates in Congress, upon 
which he labored until his death, 
which occurred in Washington on 
the 10th of April, 1858, of cancer 
in the stomach. 

BERGEN, JOHN T. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1831 
to 1833. 

BERNHISEL, .JOHN M. 

Born in Cumberland County, 
Pennsylvania, June 23, 1*199 ; gra- 
duated in the medical department 
of Pennsylvania University ; en- 
gaged in the practice of medicine ; 
and was elected a Delegate to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from the Ter- 
ritory of Utah. 

BERRIEN, JOHN McP. 

Born in New Jersey, August 23, 
1781, but when a child removed 
with his father to Georgia. He 
graduated at Princeton in his fif- 
teenth year, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1799. In 1809 he was 
elected Solicitor-General, and the 
next year Judge of the Eastern Cir- 



cuit. During the war of 1812 he 
had command of a regiment of vol- 
unteer cavalry, and served in the 
State Legislature for several years. 
In 1824 he was elected to the United 
States Senate, where he remained 
until 1829, when he took a seat in 
the cabinet of President Jackson as 
Attorney-General. For a while 
afterwards he held various positions 
of responsibility in Georgia, and in 
1840 was again elected to the United 
States Senate for six years, taking 
an active part in all leading mea- 
sures, and officiating most of the 
time as Chairman of the Judiciary 
Committee. In 1845 he was elected 
one of the judges of the Supreme 
Court of Georgia, and in 1847 was 
once more elected to the United 
States Senate, resigning his seat 
in May, 1852. On his return 
to Georgia, he still continued, in 
various ways, to promote the public 
good, and he died at Savannah, 
January 1, 1856, universally la- 
mented. He was undoubtedly, one 
of the best, most distinguished, and 
high-minded statesmen of the coun- 
try. 

BETHUNE, LAUGHLIN. 

A native of North Carolina, for 
several years a Senator in the State 
Legislature, and from 1831 to 1833 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Cumberland County, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Elec- 
tions. 

BETTON, SILAS. 

He graduated at Dartmouth Col- 
lege in 1787; was a Representa- 



52 



Biographical Sketches. 



tive in Congress, from New Hamp- 
sWre, from 1803 to 1801 ; and died 
in ] 822, aged fifty-eight years. 

BETTS, SAMUEL R. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1815" 

to isn. 

BETTS, THADDEUS. 

He was born in Norwalk, Con- 
necticut ; graduated at Yale Col- 
lege in 180Y, and acquired great 
distinction as a lawyer. He was 
at one time Lieutenant-Governor of 
Connecticut, and an influential mem- 
ber of the United States Senate, 
from 1839 to the date of his death, 
April t, 1840. He was greatly 
respected for his talents and cha- 
racter. 

BIBB, GEORGE M. 

He was born in Virginia ; gra- 
duated at Princeton College in 
1^92; studied law and settled in 
Kentucky. He was three times 
elected Chief Justice of Kentucky ; 
was in the State Senate two years ; 
held the position of Chancellor of 
the Chancery Court of Louisville ; 
was Secretary of the Treasury under 
President Tyler ; since which time 
he has practiced his profession in 
the City of Washington, and acted 
as an assistant in the office of the 
Attorney- General of the United 
States. His services in Congress 
were rendered as a Senator, from 
1811 to 1814, and again from 1829 
to 1835. 



BIBB, WILLIAM W. 

Died at his residence, in Fort 
Jackson, Alabama, July 9, 1820, 
aged thirty-nine years. He was a 
Representative from Georgia, in the 
Thirteenth Congress, and was ap- 
pointed in 181*7 Governor of the 
Territory of Alabama. He was 
elected first Governor, under the 
constitution of that State, in 1819. 

BIBIGHAUS, THOMAS M. 

Born in Pennsylvania in 1816; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1851 to 
the time of his death, which occurred 
in Lebanon, Pennsylvania, June 18, 
1853. 

BICKNELL, BENNET. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1837 
to 1839 ; having been in the As- 
sembly of the State in 1812, and a 
State Senator from 1815 to 1818. 

BIDDLE, JOHN. 

He was born in Philadelphia; 
was an officer in the war of 1812, 
acquitting himself with bravery, 
and was a Delegate to Congress, 
from the Territory of Michigan, 
from 1829 to 1831, when he was 
appointed Register of the Land 
Office, at Detroit, Michigan. For 
some years past he has been travel- 
ing in Europe. 

BIDDLE, RICHARD. 

He was a brother of Nicholas 
Biddle, and a Representative in 



BioGRAPHicAi. Sketches. 



53 



Congress, from Western Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1837 to 1841, and died 
at Pittsburg, July 1, 1847. 

BIDLACK, BENJAMIN A. 

He was born in Pennsylvania; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1841 
to 1845; and died at Bogota, Feb- 
ruary, 29, 1849, to whieli country 
he had been appointed Charge 
d' Affaires, immediately after leav- 
ing Congress. 

BIDWELL, BARNABAS. 

He graduated at Yale College in 
1785; received the degree of LL.D. 
from that institution; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Massachusetts, from 1805 to 1807. 
He died in 1833. 

BIGELOW, ABI.JAH. 

Born in Westminster, Worcester 
County, Massachusetts, December 
5, 1775. He graduated at Dart- 
mouth College in 1795; studied 
law and was admitted to practice 
in 1798; was town clerk of Leomin- 
ster for five years ; served two years 
as a member of the General Court 
of Massachusetts ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1810 to 
1815. In 1838 he was appointed 
a master in chancery, for Worces- 
ter County; from 1817 to 1833, he 
was clerk of the County Court of 
Worcester; at one time treasurer 
and trustee of Leicester Academy ; 
and has held the minor office of jus- 
tice of the peace, for about fifty 
years. 



BIGELOW, LEWIS. 

Born in Massachusetts in 1783; 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from his native State, from 1821 to 
1823 ; was the author of the " Di- 
gest of the first twelve volumes of 
Massachusetts Reports;" and, re- 
moving to Peoria, Illinois, became 
clerk of the County Court there, 
and died in October, 1838. 

BIGGS, ASA. 

Born in Williamstown, Martin 
County, IS'orth Carolina, February 
4, 1811. He was educatBd at an 
academy, served as a merchant's 
clerk, studied law, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1831. In 1835 he 
was elected a member of the Con- 
stitutional Convention of that 
State; in 1840, 1842 and 1844, he 
was elected to the State Legisla- 
ture ; he was chosen a member of 
the Twenty-ninth Congress ; in 
1850 he was one of three Commis- 
sioners, appointed to revise the sta- 
tutes of the State ; in 1854 he went 
a second time into the State Se- 
nate ; and he was elected a Senator 
in Congress, in 1854, for six years, 
but resigned May 3, 1858, for the 
appointment of Judge of the United 
States District Court of North Ca- 
rolina, conferred upon him by Pre- 
sident Buchanan. He was a member 
of the Committees on Finance and 
on Private Land Claims. 

BIGLER, WILLIAM. 

Born at Shermansburg, Cumber- 
land County, Pennsylvania, in De- 
cember, 1814. He received a mode- 



54 



Biographical Sketches. 



rate school education, and instead 
of a college, graduated in a print- 
ing-oflBce; by his own personal 
efforts, he established and for several 
years carried on, entirely unaided, 
the Clearfield Democrat; dispos- 
ing of his paper, he devoted him- 
self for a time to mercantile pur- 
suits and politics; in 1841 he was 
elected to the State Convention, 
and was a member of the State 
Senate, part of the time Speaker, 
up to 1841 ; in 1851 he was elected 
Governor of Pennsylvania ; subse- 
quently became President of the 
Philadelphia and Erie Railroad 
Company; and in 1855 was elected 
a Senator in Congress, where he 
still continues, serving on the Com- 
mittees on Commerce, Post-offices 
and Post-roads, and Engrossed 
Bills. 

BILLINGHUEST, CHARLES. 
He was born in Brighton, Mon- 
roe County, ISTew York, July 27, 
1818; adopted the profession of 
law, and, after practicing a few 
years, removed to Wisconsin in 
1841, and was a member of the first 
Legislature of that State iu 1848 ; 
was a Presidential Elector in 1852; 
and was elected a Representative 
to the Thirty-fourth Congress from 
Wisconsin, and was re-elected to 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving 
as a member of the Judiciary Com- 
mittee. He has also been re-elected 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress. 

BINES, THOMAS. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1814 



to 1815, and again from 1819 to 
1820. 

BINGHAM, JOHN A. 

He was born in Pennsylvania in 
1815; received an academical edu- 
cation ; spent two years in a print- 
ing-office ; entered Franklin Col- 
lege, in Ohio, but his health 
prevented him from graduating ; 
he studied law in Ohio, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1840 ; from 
1845 to 1849 he was Attorney for 
the State in Tuscarawas County; 
and in 1854 he was elected a Repre- 
sentative in the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress, and re-elected to the Thirty- 
fifth Congress. During his first 
term, he was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Elections, and made a re- 
port on the Illinois contested cases, 
which was adopted by the House, 
and at the present time he is a 
member of the Committee on Ex- 
penditures in the State Department. 
He has also been re-elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress. 

BINGHAM, KINSLEY S. 

He was born at Camillus, Onon- 
daga County, New York, December 
16, 1808 ; received a fair academic 
education ; spent three years in the 
office of a lawyer as clerk ; emi- 
grated to Michigan in 1833, and 
settled upon a farm ; he was elected 
to the Michigan Legislature in 183t, 
and was five years a member of that 
body; three years elected Speaker; 
he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Michigan, from 1849 to 
1851, and served on the Committee 



Biographical Sketches. 



65 



on Commerce ; and was elected 
Governor of Michigan in 1854 and 
1856, and is still in that position. 
He has also held in other years the 
offices of Postmaster, Supervisor, 
Prosecuting Attorney, Judge of 
Probate, and Brigadier-General of 
Militia. 



BINGHAM, WILLIAM. 

He graduated at the College of 
Philadelphia in 1768, and he was 
agent for this country at Martinique 
during the Revolution. In 1786 
he was a Delegate to the Continen- 
tal Congress from Pennsylvania, 
and was elected a Senator in Con- 
gress in 1795. He died at Bath, 
England, February 7, 1804, aged 
fifty-two years. 

BINNEY, HORACE. 

He was born in Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania, January 4, 1780; 
graduated at Harvard University 
in 1797; and was educated a law- 
yer. He was a Director of the old 
United States Bank, and one of the 
trustees to whom its affairs were 
intrusted when it was wound up. 
He was a member of the Pennsyl- 
vania Legislature in 1806-7, and 
declined a re-election ; and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1833 to 1835 ; and 
was a member of the Committee on 
Ways and Means, and again de- 
clined a re-election. In 1827 the 
degree of LL.D. was conferred 
upon him by Harvard University. 



BIRD, JOHN. 
A native of Litchfield, Connecti- 
cut ; afterwards settled in Troy, 
New York ; and was early distin- 
guished at the bar of that State, 
and in the Legislature. He was a 
Representative in Congress from 
1799 to 1801. 

BIRDSALL, AUSBURN. 
He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1847 to 1849. 

BIRDSA-LL, JAMES. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1815 
to 1817, and a member of the As- 
sembly of that State in 1837. 

BIRDSALL, SAMUEL. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1837 
to 1839. 

BIRDSEYE, VICTORY. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1815 
to 1817, and again from 1841 to 
1843 ; a delegate to the State Con- 
stitutional Convention of 1821 ; and 
a State Senator in 1828 and 1829. 

BIRNE, ANDREW. 
He was a native of Ireland, and 
on becoming a citizen of Virginia, 
was elected a Repi*esentative ia 
Congress from 1837 to 1841. 

BISHOP, PHANUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1799 to 1807. 



56 



Biographical Sketches. 



BISHOP, SAMUEL. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1855 to 185'7. 

BISHOP, AVILLIAM D. 

He was born in Bloomfield, New • 
Jersey, September 14, 182'! ; gradu- 
ated at Yale College in 1849; stu- 
died law as a profession, but soon 
engaged almost exclusively in rail- 
road business, having for several 
years been President of the Nauga- 
tuck Railroad Company. He was 
elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from Connec- 
ticut, and is Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Manufactures. 

BISSELL, WILLIAM H. 

Born in Hartwick, Otsego Coun- 
ty, New York, April 25, 181 1. He 
was self-educated, attending school 
in the summer, and teaching school 
in the winter ; he studied medicine, 
and graduated in 1834 at the Medi- 
cal College in Philadelphia ; he re- 
moved to Illinois, and after prac- 
ticing his profession until 1840, 
was elected to the State Legisla- 
ture ; he studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar of Illinois ; after 
practicing with success, he was, in 
1844, elected a Prosecuting Attor- 
ney ; he served with distinction in 
the Mexican war, and especially at 
Buena Vista, as captain of the 2d 
Regiment Illinois volunteers ; he 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Illinois, from 1849 to 1855 ; 
and in 1856 he was elected Gover- 



nor of Illinois for four years, to the 
duties of which office he is devoting 
his undivided attention. 

BLACK, EDWARD J. 

Born in Beaufort, South Caro- 
lina, in 1806. He never attended 
college, but read law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar of Augusta, Geor- 
gia, in 1821. He commenced his 
public life by going into the State 
Legislature, where he served for 
several years, and was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Geor- 
gia, in 1838, remaining there until 
1845. He died in Barnwell Dis- 
trict, South Carolina, whither he 
had gone for change of scene in 
1849. 

BLACK, JAMES. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1847. 

BLACK, JAMES A. 

He was born in South Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1847. 

BLACK, JOHN. 

He was at one time a resident of 
Louisiana, but removing to Missis- 
sippi, was elected a Senator in Con- 
gress, from 1834 to 1838, officiating 
as Chairman of the Committee on 
Private Land Claims during the 
first term. He died in Winchester, 
Yirginia, August 29, 1854. 



Biographical Sketches. 



57 



BLACKLEDGE, AVILLIAM. 

Presumed to have been the father 
of the following. lie was for seve- 
ral years a member of the General 
Assembly of North Carolina, and 
served that State as Representative 
in Congress, from 1803 to 1809, 
and from 1811 to 1813. 

BLACKLEDGE, WILLIAM S. 

He was born in Pitt County, 
North Carolina ; was a member of 
the General Assembly of North 
Carolina ; and he was elected to 
Congress, from that State, for the 
term, from 1821 to 1823. Died in 
Newbern, North Carolina, March 
21, 185Y, aged sixty-four. 

BLACKMAR, ESBON. 

He was a native of New York, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1848 to 1849 ; 
he also served two years in the State 
Assembly, from Wayne County. 

BLACKWELL, JULIUS W. 

He was boru in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1839 to 1841, 
and again from 1843 to 1845. 

BLAIR, BARNARD. 

He was a native of New York, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1843, 
serving as a member of the Commit- 
tee on Elections. 

BLAIR, FRANK P., Jr. 

Born in Lexington, Kentucky, 
February 19, 1821 ; graduated at 



Princeton College ; is a lawyer by 
profession ; was a member of the 
Missouri Legislature in 1852 and 
1854; and is a Representative in 
the Thirty-fifth Congress. He is a 
member of the Committee on Pri- 
vate Land Claims. 

BLAIR, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1821 to 1822, and from 1829 to 
1834. He died at Washington, by 
his own hand, March 27, 1834. 

BLAIR, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1823 to 
183*7, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Military Affairs. 

BLAISDELL, DANIEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1808 to 1811. 

BLAKE, JOHN. 

He was a native of New York, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1805 to 1809, 
and was a member of the Assembly 
of that State in 1819. 

BLAKE, THOMAS H. 

He was born in Calvert County, 
Maryland, June, 1792, and spent 
his boyhood in Washington City. 
He served at the battle of Bladens- 
burg in 1814 ; was an early emigrant 
to the State of Kentucky, and after- 
wards to Indiana while a Territory ; 
upon the formation of the State go- 



58 



Biographical Sketches. 



vernment, he settled at Terre Haute; 
there practiced law, and served on 
the bench of the Circuit Court, and 
was District Attorney ; and subse- 
quently engaged in mercantile pur- 
suits. He was, for many years, a 
member of the State Legislature, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from Indiana, from 182t to 1829. 
Under President Tyler's adminis- 
tration, he was Commissioner of the 
General Land Office, and, upon his 
resignation, was appointed Presi- 
dent of the Wabash and Brie Canal 
Company. He held this office at 
the time of his death, having just 
returned from England, where, as 
the financial agent of his State, he 
had made satisfactory arrangements 
with its public creditors. He died 
at Cincinnati, while on his return 
from Washington, November 28, 
1849. 

BLANCHARD, JOHN. 

Born in the County of Caledonia, 
Vermont, September 30, 1787. He 
spent his boyhood on a farm ; pre- 
pared himself for college, and gra- 
duated at Dartmouth in 1812 ; re- 
moved to Pennsylvania, and taught 
school ; read law, and was admitted 
to practice ; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, ffom Pennsylvania, 
from 1845 to 1849. He died in 
Columbia, Lancaster County, March 
8, 1849. 

BLAND, THEODORIC. 

Was a native of Yirginia ; he was 
bred a physician, but upon the com- 
mencement of the American war he 



quitted the practice for the army, 
and rose to the rank of colonel, and 
had the command of a regiment of 
dragoons. In 1779, he had com- 
mand of the troops at Albemarle 
barracks, and continued in that sta- 
tion till elected to a seat in Congress 
in 1780. He served in that body 
three years. He was then chosen 
a member of the Virginia Legisla- 
ture. He was a Representative in 
the first Congress under the Consti- 
tution, having voted for its adoption. 
He died at JSTew York, Junel, 1790, 
while attending a session of Con- 
gress, aged forty-eight. 

BLEDSOE, JESSE. 

He was at one time a distin- 
guished advocate and jurist of Ken- 
tucky, and a Senator in Congress, 
from that State, from 1813 to 1815 ; 
he was also professor of law in the 
Univerity of Transylvania,and Chief 
Justice of the Supreme Court of 
Kentucky. He died at ISJ'acogdo- 
ches, Texas, June 30, 1837. 

BLEECKEB, HERMANUS. 

He was born at Albany, New 
York, in 1779, and died there, July 
19, 1849. He was a member of 
Congress, from 1811 to 1813, and, 
by President Van Buren, was ap- 
pointed, in 1839, Charge d'Affaires 
at the Hague. 

BLISS, GEORGE. 

He was born in Vermont, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1853 to 1855. 



Biographical Sketches. 



59 



BLISS, PHILEMON. 

Bora in Canton, Connecticut, 
July 28, 1814 ; educated at Fair- 
field Academy, Oneida Institute, 
and Hamilton College, New York; 
is a lawyer by profession ; removed 
to Ohio, and was elected President 
Judge of the Fourteenth Circuit 
Court, and, in 1854, a Representa- 
tive to the Thirty-fourth Congress, 
and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress. He is a member of the 
Committee on Manufactures. 

BLOODWORTH, TIMOTHY. 

He was born in North Carolina 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from North Carolina, in 1190 
and 1191, and a Senator of the Uni- 
ted States, from 1195 to 1801. He 
died August 24, 1814. 

BLOOMFIELD, JOSEPH. 

He was born in Burlington, New 
Jersey, and elected a Representative 
in Congress, from that .State, from 
1811 to 1821, officiating as Chair- 
man of a Select Committee on Re- 
volutionary Pensions, during the 
last term. 

BLOUNT, WILLIAM. 

He was a Delegate to the Con- 
tinental Congress in 1182, 1183, 
1186, and 1181, from North Caro- 
lina ; and was Governor of the ter- 
ritory south of the Ohio, having 
been appointed to that office in 1190. 
In 1196, he was chosen president of 
the Convention of Tennessee. He 
was elected, the same year, by that 
State, to a seat in the United States 



Senate, but was expelled in 1191, 
for having instigated the Creeks 
and Cherokees to assist the British 
in conquering the Spanish territo- 
ries, near the United States. He 
died at Knoxville, March 10, 1810, 
aged fifty-six. 

BLOUNT, WILLIAM G. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1815 to 
1819. 

BOAPtDMAN, ELIJAH. 

Born in New Milford, Connecti- 
cut, March 1, 1160 ; and became a 
successful merchant. He was fre- 
quently a member of the Legisla- 
ture, member of the Council, and a 
Senator in Congress, from 1821 to 
1823. He died in Boardman, Ohio, 
October 8, 1823. 

BOARDMAN, AVILLIAM W. 

He was born in New Milford, 
Connecticut, October 10, 1114; 
graduated at Yale College in 1812; 
studied law at Litchfield and Cam- 
bridge, and practiced with success ; 
was at one time Judge of Probate ; 
for several years in the State Legis- 
lature, and Speaker of the House ; 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from Connecticut, from 1841 to 
1843. 

BOCKEE, ABRAHAM. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1829 to 1831, 
and again from 1833 to 1831 ; he 
subsequently served four years in 



60 



Biographical Sketches. 



the Senate and one year in the As- 
sembly of the State of New York. 
In 1822 he was Collector of Cus- 
toms at the port of New York. 

BOCOCK, THOMAS S. 

He was born in Buckingham ■ 
County, Yirginia, in 1815 ; gradu- 
ated at Hampden Sidney College ; 
adopted the profession of law ; was 
Commonwealth Attorney for the 
County of Appomattox, in 1845 
and 1846; for several sessions a 
member of the Yirginia House of 
Delegates ; and has been a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1847 
to the present time, serving, of late 
years, as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Naval Affairs. 

BODEN, ALEXANDER. 

He was born in Carlisle, Penn- 
sylvania, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1817 to 1821. 

BODLE, CHARLES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1833 
to 1835, and died in New York 
City, in 1836. 

BOKEE, DAVID A. 

He was born in New York, Oc- 
tober 6, 1805; was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New York, 
from 1849 to 1851, serving on the 
Committee on Indian Affairs ; and 
his last public position was that of 
Naval Officer of the port of New 
York, under President Fillmore. 



BOND, SHADRACH. 

He was elected a Delegate to 
Congress, from the Territory of 
Illinois, from 1811 to 1815 ; and was 
the first Governor under the State 
Constitution. In 1814 was ap- 
pointed Receiver of Public Moneys 
in Kaskaskia, Illinois. He died at 
Kaskaskia, April 13, 1832. 

BOND, WILLIAM K. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Ohio, from 1835 to 1841. 

BONHAM, MILLEDGE L. 

He was born in South Carolina ; 
graduated at the College of that 
State, in 1834; is a lawyer by pro- 
fession ; and was elected a Repre- 
sentative to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, from his native State ; and is 
a member of the Committee on 
Military Affairs. He has been 
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress. 

BOON, RATLIFF. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
in 1781, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Indiana, from 1825 
to 1827, and again, from 1829 to 
1839, officiating as Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Lands, dur- 
ing the Twenty-fourth Congress. 
He died in Louisiana, November 
20, 1844. 

BOOTH, WALTER. 

Born in Woodbridge, New Ha- 
ven County, Connecticut, Decem- 
ber 8, 1791, and after receiving a 



Biographical Sketches. 



61 



good school education in New Ha- 
ven, he settled in the town of Meri- 
den, where he still resides. He was 
for several years a merchant and 
manufacturer, and for eighteen years 
President of the Meriden Bank ; 
he has been a member of the Gene- 
ral Assembly and State Senate ; 
and, in 1834, was Associate Judge 
of the County Court. He was ma- 
jor-general of militia, and elected 
a member of the Thirty-first Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee of 
Public Expenditures. He has since 
been engaged in agricultural pur- 
suits. 

BORDEN, NATHANIEL B. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from the Fall River District, 
in that State, from 1835 to 1839, 
and again, from 1841 to 1843, and 
was a member of the Committees on 
Elections and on Territories. 

BORLAND, CHARLES. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly in 1820; a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1821 to 1823 ; and was 
again elected to the Assembly, in 
1836. 

BORLAND, SOLON. 

He was born in Virginia ; was 
educated in North Carolina ; served 
in the war with Mexico, as a vol- 
unteer ; was a Senator in Congress, 
from Arkansas, from 1848 to 1853, 
and was appointed, by President 
Pierce, Minister to Central Ame- 



rica. He also received, from Pre- 
sident Pierce, the appointment of 
Governor of the Territory of New 
Mexico, but declined. 

BORST, PETER J. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from the County of Schoha- 
rie, New York, from 1829 to 1831, 
and was a member of the Commit- 
tee on Expenditures in the Post- 
office Department. 

BOSS, .JOHN L. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Rhode Island, from 1815 
to 1819. 

BOSSIER, PETER E. 

He was descended from an old 
French family of Louisiana, and, 
after serving ten years in the State 
Senate, he was elected a member of 
the Twenty-eighth Congress, and 
died in Washington before the ex- 
piration of his term, April 24, 1844. 

BOTTS, JOHN M. 

Born in Dumfries, Prince Wil- 
liam County, Yirginia, September 
16, 1802, but removed with his fa- 
ther to Fredericksburg, and subse- 
quently to Richmond. In 1811 he 
lost his parents, at the conflagration 
of the Richmond theatre, and was 
sent to a boarding-school. At eigh- 
teen he was admitted to the bar, 
practiced for six years, and then re- 
tired to a farm in Henrico County. 
He served in the Legislature, from 
1833 to 1839, when he was elected 
a Representative in Congress, and 



62 



Biographical Sketches. 



occupied that position until 1843; 
was re-elected to the Thirtieth Con- 
gress, and was Chairman of the 
Committee on Military Affairs. He 
afterwards resumed the practice of 
his profession in Richmond, where 
he now resides. 

BOUCK, JOSEPH. 

He was born in JSTew York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1831 to 1833, 
serving on the Committee on Im- 
prisonment for Debt. 

BOUDE, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1801 
to 1803. 

BOUDINOT, ELIAS. 

Was born in Philadelphia, May 
2, 1*740. He studied the law and 
became eminent in that profession. 
At an early period of the revolu- 
, tionary war, he was appointed, by 
Congress, Commissary- General of 
prisoners. In the year 1111 he was 
chosen a member of Congress, and 
in 1*182, was made President of that 
body. After the adoption of the 
Constitution, he entered the House 
of Representatives, where he con- 
tinued for six years. He then suc- 
ceeded Rittenhouse as Director of 
the Mint of the United States, an 
office which he resigned in the 
course of a few years, and lived 
from that time at Burlington, New 
Jersey. He devoted himself ear- 
nestly to Biblical literature, and, be- 
ing possessed of an ample fortune, 



made munificent donations to va- 
rious charitable and theological in- 
stitutions. The American Bible 
Society, of which he became Presi- 
dent, was particularly an object of 
his bounty. He died in 1824. 

BOULDIN, JAMES W. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1833 to 
1839. 

BOULDIN, THOMAS T. 

He was a member of Congress, 
from Virginia, from 1829 to 1833, 
and died in the Capitol, at Wash- 
ington, February 11, 1834. On the 
day preceding his death he was 
censured by a colleague for omitting 
to call the attention of the House 
to the death of his predecessor, John 
Randolph ; and he had risen to re- 
ply, when he was seized Avith para- 
lysis, sank down into a chair, and 
died immediately. Before entering 
Congress, he had been a lawyer of 
high rank, and an able and upright 
judge, and highly respected for his 
talents and integrity. 

BOULIGNY, DOMINIQUE. 

He was born in Louisiana ; was 
a lawyer by profession ; was a Se- 
nator in Congress, from that State, 
from 1824 to 1829; and died in 
1833. 

BOURNE, BENJAMIN. 

He was a native of Bristol, Rhode 
Island, and was born about the year 
1155, and educated at Harvard Col- 
lege, where he graduated in 1715. 



Biographical Sketches. 



6S 



He was conspicuous for talents and 
learning, and spent a large part of 
his life in public and honorable em- 
ployments. He was a Representa 
live in Congress, from Rhode Isl- 
and, from 1^90 to 1^96, when he 
resigned, and was appointed Judge 
of the United States District Court 
of Rhode Island. He died Sep- 
tember 17, 1808. 

BOURNE, SHEARJASUB. 
He was a graduate of Harvard 
College in 1164 ; was Chief Justice 
of the Court of Common Pleas for 
Suffolk County, Massachusetts ; and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1791 to 1795. He died in 1806. 

BOVEE, MATHEW J. 
He was born in New York, and 
w^as a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1835 to 1837, 
serving on the Committee on Ex- 
penditures in the War Department. 

BOWDON, FRANKLIN W. 
Born in Alabama, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1846 
to 1851, from his native State. In 
1852 he removed to Texas, and en- 
gaged in the practice of the law. 
He died at Henderson, Texas, June 
6, 1857. 

BOWEN, JOHN H. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1813 
to 1815. 

BOWER, GUSTAVUS B. 
He was born in Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Missouri, from 1843 to 1845. 




BOWERS, JOHN M, 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1813 
to 1814. 

BOWIE, RICHARD I. 
He was born in Georgetown, 
District of Columbia, June 23, 1807. 
He received a classical education, 
and was admitted to the bar in his 
nineteenth year, and, subsequently, 
to practice in the Supreme Court 
of the United States. In 1836 and 
1837 he was elected to the Legisla- 
ture of Maryland; in 1840 he was 
a delegate to the Harrisburg Con- 
vention, called to nominate a Presi- 
dent; and he was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1849 to 
1853. It is claimed by his friends, 
that he made the first speech in the 
House of Representatives on the 
Compromise measures of 1850. 

BOWIE, THOMAS F. 
Born at Queen Ann, Prince 
George's County, Maryland, April 
7, 1808; graduated, in 1837, at' 
Union College, New York; adopted 
the profession of law; served as 
Deputy Attorney-General for Prince 
George's County sixteen years ; 
served three terms in the Legisla- 
ture of Maryland, and was elected 
a Representative, from Maryland, 
in the Thirty-fourth and Thirty- 
fifth Congresses. He is a member 
of the Committee on the District of 
Columbia. 

BOAVIE, WALTER. 
He w^as a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1802 to 
1805. 




64 



Biographical Sketches. 



BOWLIN, JAMES B. 

Born in Spottsylvania County, 
Virginia, in 1804. He was reared 
a meclianic, but obtained a common 
school education ; and, after study- 
ing law, was admitted to the bar, 
in Greenbrier County, in 182Y. In- 
1833 he removed to St. Louis, Mis- 
souri; in 1834 was appointed chief 
clerk of the State House of Repre- 
sentatives, and in 1835 was elected 
a member of the Legislature. In 
1837 he was made District At- 
torney for St. Louis; soon after 
attorney for the Bank of St. Louis ; 
in 1839 he was elected Judge of the 
Criminal Court; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1843 to 
1851. In 1858 he was appointed, 
by President Buchanan, Commis- 
sioner to Paraguay. 

BOWNE, OBADIAH. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1851 to 1853. 

BOWNE, SAMUEL S. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly in 1834, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1841 to 1843. 

BOYCE, WILLIAM W. 

Born in Charleston, South Caro- 
lina, October 24, 1819, and was 
educated at the South Carolina 
College, and Virginia University; 
he is a lawyer by profession ; was a 
member of the Legislature of South 
Carolina, and has been a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1853 to the 



present time, and he is a member 
of the Committee on Elections. His 
tastes are of a literary character, 
and he is said to be a hard stu- 
dent. He has been re-elected to 
the Thirty-sixth Congress. 

BOYD, ADAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1803 
to 1805, and again from 1808 to 
1813. 

BOYD, ALEXANDER. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1813 
to 1815. 

BOYD, JOHN H. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1851 to 1853. 
He was a member, in 1840, of the 
State Assembly, from Washington 
County. 

BOYD, LINN. 

Was born in Nashville, Tennes- 
see, November 22, 1800. His early 
advantages were limited, but on 
arriving at man's estate he entered 
into politics, and in 1821 was 
elected to the Legislature of Ten- 
nessee, from Calloway County, 
serving three sessions, and in 1831 
was re-elected for another session, 
from Trigg County. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1835 to 1831, from 1839 to 1841, 
and again from 1841 to 1855; he 
was Chairman of the Committee on 
Territories during the Thirty-first 



Biographical Sketches. 



65 



Congress; and during his last term 
in Congress occupied the chair of 
Speaker of the House of Repre- 
sentatives. During his career in 
Congress he labored faithfully and 
constantly for his constituents, and 
retired to private life with a high 
reputation. 

BOYDEN, NATHANIEL. 
Born in Franklin Township, Mas- 
sachusetts, August 16, 1796; he 
graduated at Union College, New 
York, in 1820; in 1821 removed 
to North Carolina. There he taught 
school, studied law, and was elected 
a number of times to the State 
Legislature. He was in Congress 
as a Representative, from 184Y to 
1849, and was a member of the 
Committee on Expenditures in the 
Navy Department; he declined a 
re-election, for the purpose of de- 
voting his whole attention to the 
practice of his profession. 

BOYLE, JOHN. 
He was born in Kentucky, liber- 
ally educated, and a lawyer by pro- 
fession. He was a Judge of the 
Supreme Court of Kentucky, also 
Chief Justice of the State ; and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1803 to 1809, when he was appoint- 
ed Governor of Illinois Territory. 
He was a distinguished and success- 
ful lawyer and able judge, and died 
in Kentucky, January 28, 1834. 
During the eight years immediately 
preceding his death, he was Judge 
of the United States District Court 
for Kentucky, having been appoint- 
ed by President Adams. 



BRACE, JONATHAN. 

He was born in Harrington, Con- 
necticut, November 12, 1754, and 
died at Hartford, Connecticut, Au- 
gust 26, 1837. He was a graduate 
of Yale College in 1779, and was 
elected a Judge of Probate, Chief 
Judge of the Hartford County 
Court, and a Representative in 
Congress, from 1798 to 1800. He 
was also frequently in the State Le- 
gislature, at one time States' Attor- 
ney for Hartford County, and for 
nine years Mayor of Hartford. 

BRADBURY, GEORGE. 
Was born in Putland, then called 
Falmouth, Massachusetts, in 1770. 
He graduated at Harvard College in 
1789, and immediately commenced 
the study of law. He established 
himself in the practice at Putland. 
In 1812 he was chosen to represent 
the Cumberland District in Con- 
gress, as successor to William Wid- 
gery, whose vote on, and support of 
war measures, rendered him un- 
popular with his constituents. Mr. 
Bradbury received the approbation 
of a second election in 1814. After 
this service he returned to his pro- 
fession, which he pursued to the 
time of his death, which took place 
November 27, 1823. 

BRADBURY, JOHN W. 
He was born in Maine ; gradu- 
ated at Bowdoin College in 1825 ; 
adopted the profession of law ; and 
was a Senator in Congress, from 
Maine, from 1847 to 1853, serving 
as Chairman of the Committee on 
Printing. 



66 



Biographical Sketches. 



BRADBURY, THEOPHILUS. 

Was born in that portion of New- 
bury, now Newburyport, in 1139. 
Having graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity at the age of eighteen, he 
then studied law, and practiced in 
Falmouth, Maine, until 1*719, when 
he returned to his native town. 
After filling several local offices, he 
was chosen to represent the Essex 
District in Congress, from 1195 to 
1191. About six years before his 
death, which occurred September 6, 
1803, he was appointed a Judge of 
the Supreme Court of Massachu- 
setts. 

BRADFORD, WILLIAM. 

Was born at Plymton, Massachu- 
setts, November 4, 1129. He stu- 
died medicine, and established him- 
self in practice at Warren, Rhode 
Island, but afterwards removed to 
Bristol. He then turned his atten- 
tion to the law, and became one of 
the most distinguished civilians of 
the State. He took an active part 
in the cause of his country during 
the Revolution, and afterwards held 
many important stations. He was 
Lieutenant-Governor of the State, 
and a member of the United States 
Senate, from 1193 to 1191. He 
died July 6, 1808. 

BRADLEY, STEPHEN R. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
graduated at Yale College in 1115. 
He was a general of militia, the in- 
timate friend of General Ethan Al- 
len, and the aid of General Wooster 



when that officer fell in a skirmish 
with the enemy. He was a lawyer 
by profession, and the first Senator 
from Vermont in the Congress of 
the United States, serving from 
1191 to 1195, and from 1801 to 
1813 ; a man of eminent ability, but 
of eccentric habits ; and died in New 
Hampshire, December 16, 1830, 
aged seventy-six years. 



BRADLEY, WILLIAM C. 

Born at Westminster, Vermont, 
March 23, 1182. He entered Yale 
College, and was compelled to leave 
when a freshman, in 1196, and yet 
in 1811, the Corporation of the In- 
stitution surprised him with the de- 
gree of M. A. He studied law with 
his father, Stephen R. Bradley, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1802. 
The public positions held by him 
are as follows : — From 1800 to 
1803, Secretary of Commissioners 
of Bankruptcy ; from 1804 to 1811, 
States Attorney for Windham Coun- 
ty, and part of this period Clerk of 
Westminster ; in 1806-1, Repre- 
sentative in the State Legislature ; 
in 1812, member of the State Coun- 
cil ; a Representative in Congress, 
from 1813 to 1815 ; from 1811 to 
1822, agent of the United States 
under the Treaty of Ghent ; again 
in Congress, from 1823 to 1821 ; in 

1850 again in the State Legislature ; 
in 1856 a Presidential Elector; in 

1851 a member of the State Consti- 
tutional Convention ; and in 1858 
took formal leave of the bar, at 
which he had practiced for fifty-four 



Biographical Sketches. 



67 



years, conferring honor upon his na- 
tive State and winning a spotless 
reputation as a man. 

BRADSHAW, SAMUEL C. 

He was born in Plumstead Town- 
ship, Bucks County Pennsylvania, 
June 10, 1809 ; received a common 
school education ; studied medicine, 
and graduated at the Pennsylvania 
Medical College in 1833 ; and was 
a Representative, from his native 
State, to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress. 

BRADY, JASPER E. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1847 to 1849. 

BRAGG, JOHN. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Alabama, from 1851 to 
1853. 

BRANCH, JOHN. 

Born in Halifax County, Nbrth 
Carolina, November 4, 1782 ; gra- 
duated at the University of North 
Carolina in 1801 ; studied and prac- 
ticed law; in 1811 was elected a 
State Senator ; re-elected every 
year until 1817 ; was then elected 
Governor of the State ; again en- 
tered the State Senate in 1822 ; 
served in the United States Senate 
from 1823 to 1829 ; and was in the 
latter year appointed Secretary of 
the Navy by President Jackson. 
On his return home from Washing- 
ton, in 1831, he was elected to a seat 



in Congress as Representative ; in 
1834 was again elected to the State 
Senate ; in 1835 elected a member 
of the Convention to revise the 
State Constitution ; and in 1843 
was appointed Governor of the 
Territory of Florida, after which he 
retired to private life, to enjoy in 
peace the love and respect of his 
many friends. 

BRANCH, LAWRENCE 0. B. 

Born in North Carolina in 1820 ; 
graduated at Princeton College in 
1838; is a lawyer by profession; 
and was elected a Representative, 
from North Carolina, to the Thirty- 
fourth, and re-elected to the Thirty- 
fifth Congress. He is a member of 
the Committee on Territories. 

BRAYTON, WILLIAM D. 

He was born in Warwick, Kent 
County, Rhode Island, November 
6, 1815. He was educated at 
Brown University, and ill health 
preventing him from following a se- 
dentary profession, he entered into 
active mercantile pursuits ; he held 
the position for some time of town 
clerk ; was elected in 1841 to the 
State Assembly, serving two terms ; 
after serving for two years in the 
Town Councils, part of the time as 
president, he was in 1848 elected to 
the State Senate ; again elected to 
the State Assembly in 1851 ; elec- 
ted a second time to the Senate in 
1855; was a Presidential Elector 
in 1856 ; and was elected a member 
of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serv- 
ing on the Committee on Patents. 



68 



Biographical Sketches. 



BRECK, DANIEL. 

He was born near Boston, Mas- 
sacliusetts, in 1188 ; graduated at 
Dartmouth College in 1812 ; he stu- 
died law, and, removing to Ken- 
tucky in 1814, soon after commenced 
the practice of his profession there ;" 
his first public position in Kentucky 
was that of judge of a county court ; 
in 1824 he was elected to the State 
Legislature, and re-elected five 
years ; from 1 835 until 1843 he was 
President of the Branch Bank of 
Kentucky, at Richmond; in 1840 
he was a Presidential Elector ; in 
1843 he was appointed Judge of 
the Supreme Court of Kentucky ; 
and he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1849 to 1851, and was 
a member of the Committee on 
Manufactures. The degree of LL.D. 
was conferred upon him, by the 
Transylvania University, in 1843, 
and he has attained the title of 
colonel in the militia service. After 
leaving Congress, he resumed the 
office of bank president. 

BRECK, SAMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress from Pennsylvania, from 1823 
to 1825, of which State he was a 
native. 

BRECKINEIDGE, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from "Virginia, from 1809 to 
181t. 

BRECKINRIDGE, JAMES D. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 



from that State, from 1821 to 1823. 
He died at Louisville, May, 1849. 

BRECKINRIDGE, JOHN. 

Was a Virginian by birth, and 
the author and advocate of the cele- 
brated "Resolutions of 1188-89" 
in the Legislature of that State. 
Emigrating to Kentucky, he was 
elected United States Senator in 
1801, and was appointed Attorney- 
General of the United States, by 
President Jefferson, in January, 
1805, holding the office until Janu- 
ary, 1806. One of his sons, Robert 
C. Breckinridge, is a distinguished 
Presbyterian divine ; another, John 
Cabell Breckinridge, was an emi- 
nent lawyer, and the father of Yice- 
President Breckinridge. He died 
at Lexington, Kentucky, December 
14, 1806. 

BRECKINRIDGE, JOHN G. 

He was born near Lexington, 
Kentucky, January 16, 1821 ; was 
educated at Centre College, Ken- 
tucky ; spent a few months at 
Princeton ; studied law at the 
Transylvania Institute, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar at Lexington. 
He emigrated to Burlington, Iowa, 
where he remained for a time, but 
returned to Lexington, where he 
has since resided, and when not en- 
gaged in public duties has practiced 
his profession with success. He 
served as a Major of infantry during 
the war with Mexico, and while in 
that country distinguished himself 
as the counsel of Major-General Pil- 
low during the famous court-martial. 



Biographical Sketches. 



69 



On his return from Mexico, he was 
elected to the State Legislature ; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from the Ashland District, 
from 1851 to 1855. During his 
administration. President Pierce 
tendered to him the mission to 
Spain, but family affairs compelled 
him to decline the honor. He was 
elected Vice-President of the United 
States in 1856, on the ticket with 
James Buchanan, and entered upon 
the duties of his office in March, 
185T. By virtue of his ofSce he is 
the President of the United States 
Senate. 

BREESE, SIDNEY. 

He was born in Whitesborough, 
Oneida County, New York, July 
15, 1800. He attended Hamilton 
College, but graduated at Union 
College ; he removed to Illinois, 
and after due preparation, and be- 
fore becoming of age, was admitted 
to the bar ; his first public position 
was that of captain of militia, after 
which he became Assistant Secre- 
tary of State under Secretary Kane, 
and was appointed Postmaster of 
Kaskaskia. In 1822 he was ap- 
pointed State Attorney, which office 
he held until 1827, when he was 
appointed Attorney of the United 
States for Illinois. In 1829 he 
published a volume of Decisions of 
the Supreme Court, which now 
bears his name, and was the first 
octavo volume published in the 
State ; he served in the Black Hawk 
war as a lieutenant of volunteers. 
In 1835 he was elected a circuit 



judge ; he was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from Illinois, from 1843 to 
1849, and officiated as Chairman of 
the Committee on Public Lands ; 
he was a Regent of the Smithsonian 
Institution during President Polk's 
administration. In 1850 he went 
into the Illinois Legislature and 
was elected Speaker ; he was one 
of the originators of the Illinois 
Central Railroad. In 1855 he was 
again placed upon the Circuit Court 
bench, and having been made Chief 
Judge, still holds the position. 

BRENGLE, FRANCIS. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1845, 
and was elected, in 1858, President 
of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal 
Company. 

BRENT, RICHARD. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1795 to 
1799, and again from 1801 to 1808 ; 
and a Senator in Congress from 
1809 to 1814. He died December 
30, 1814. 

BRENT, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Louisiana, from 1823 to 
1829. 

BRENTON, SAMUEL. 

He was a native of Gallatin 
County, Kentucky ; was a, minister 
of the gospel from the age of 
twenty until 1848, when, stricken 
by paralysis, he resigned, and was 



70 



Biographical Sketches. 



appointed Register of the Fort 
Wayne Land-office. He was elected 
to Congress in 1851, and again in 
1855. He was also President of 
the Fort Wayne College. He died 
March 29, 1857, aged forty-eight 
years. 

BREVARD, JAMES. 

He was born in Iredell County, 
North Carolina, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1819 to 1821. 

BREWSTER, DAVID P. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1839 to 1843. 

BRIDGES, SAMUEL A. 

He was born in Colchester, Con- 
necticut, January 21, 1802; received 
an academic education, and gradu- 
ated at Williamstown College in 
1826; studied law, and was admit- 
ted to the bar in 1829 ; in 1830 he 
removed to Pennsylvania ; was for 
seven years Deputy Attorney-Gene- 
ral of the State for Lehigh County; 
and he was a Representative in 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1848 to 1849, and from 1853 to 
1855. 

BRIGGS, GEORGE. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1849 to 1853. 

BRIGGS, GEORGE N. 

He was born in Andover, Berk- 
shire County, Massachusetts, April 
12, 1T96 ; commenced life by learn- 



ing the trade of a hatter ; spent 
one year in an academy; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1818 ; was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1831 to 1843, of£« 
dating during the Twenty-seventh 
Congress as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on the Post-oflBce, and in 
1843 was Governor of Massachu- 
setts. 

BRIGHAM, ELIJAH. 

He was a native of Northborough, 
Massachusetts ; a graduate of Dart- 
mouth College in 1718 ; studied 
law at Harvard ; was a merchant 
by occupation; held many positions 
of trust and responsibility ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Massachussetts, from 1811 to 1816. 
He died in Washington City, of 
croup, April 22, 1816, aged sixty- 
six years. 

BRIGHT, JESSE D. 

Born at Norwich, Chenango Co., 
New York, December 18, 1812 ; re- 
ceived an academic education, and 
studied law as a profession. He 
was Circuit Judge of Indiana, State 
Senator, Marshal of the United 
States for the District of Indiana, 
and Lieutenant-Governor of that 
State. He was a United States 
Senator from 1845 to 185T, and 
President of the Senate during 
several sessions. He was elected 
for an additional term in 1857, and 
is Chairman of the Committee on 
Pnblic Buildings and Grounds, and 
a member of the Committees on 
Finance and the Pacific Railroad. 



Biographical Sketches. 



71 



BRINKERHOFF, HENRY R. 
He was born in Adams County, 
Pennsylvania, in 1188, and emi- 
grated at an early period to New 
York. During the last war with 
England he served in command of 
a volunteer company, and distin- 
guished himself at the battle of 
Queenstown. In 1837 he removed 
to Ohio, and was elected to Con- 
gress, as Representative from that 
State, in 1843, but died before the 
expiration of his term, in Huron 
County, Ohio, April 30, 1844. 

BRINKERHOFF, JACOB. 
He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Ohio, from 1843 to 1847. 

BROADHEAD, JOHN C. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1831 
to 1833, and again from 1837 to 
1839. 

BROCKENBROUGH, WILLIAM H. 

Born in 1813 ; he originally went 
to Florida for the benefit of his 
health, which during his residence 
there was a continual depression 
upon his physical and mental ener- 
gies. He, however, held no undistin- 
guished position as a citizen, having 
been, under the Territorial govern- 
ment, a Senator from the Western 
District, and at one time President 
of the Senate, also United States 
District Attorney, and a Represen- 
tative in Congress from 1845 to 
1847. He died in Tallahassee, 
Florida, June, 1850, of pulmonary 
consumption. 



BROCKWAY, JOHN H. 

Born in Ellington, Connecticut ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1820 ; 
he commenced active life by teach- 
ing the academy at East Windsor 
Hill ; he studied law, and has been 
devoted to the practice of the pro- 
fession ever since. He has fre- 
quently served in the two Houses of 
the State Legislature, and was a 
Representative in Congress from 
1839 to 1843. 

BRODERICK, D. C. 

He is a Senator of the United 
States, from California, having taken 
his seat during the second session 
of the Thirty-fourth Congress, and 
is a member of the Committees on 
Public Lands and Military Affairs. 

BRODHEAD, JOHN. 

He was a minister of the Metho- 
dist Episcopal Church for forty-four 
years, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1829 to 1833. He died at New 
Market, New Hampshire, April 7, 
1838, aged sixty-seven years. 

BRODHEAD, RICHARD. 

He is a native of Pike County, 
Pennsylvania; was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1843 to 1849, 
and a Senator of the United States 
from 1851 to 1857, from Pennsyl- 
vania. 

BRONSON, DAVID. 

A Representative in Congress, 
from Norridgewock, Maine, from 
1841 to 1843, and served as a mem- 



72 



Biographical Sketches. 



ber of the Committee on Public 
Lands. 

BRONSON, ISAAC H. 

Born in Rutland, New York, Oc- 
tober 16, 1802, and died at Pilatka, 
Florida, August 13, 1855. He was 
educated for the bar, and admitted 
to practice in 1822; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1837 to 1839, officiating 
as Chairman of the Committee on 
Territories, when he was appointed 
one of the Territorial Judges of 
Florida, and from that time until 
his death he served continually on 
the Bench, — at the time of his death 
being District Judge of the United 
States for Northern Florida. 

BROOKE, WALTER. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Mississippi, from 1852 to 1853. 

BROOKS, DAVID. 

He was for six years a member 
of the New York Assembly, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from May, HOT, to July, 
1791 

BROOKS, JAMES. 

He was born in Portland, Maine, 
November 10, 1810. When only 
eleven years old he became a clerk 
in a store ; when sixteen, was a 
school teacher, and, at the age of 
nearly twenty-one, he graduated at 
the Water ville College. He has 
been an extensive traveler, both in 
this country and Europe, and has 
published a large number of letters 
descriptive of his tours. In 1835 



he was elected to the Legislature of 
Maine ; in 1836 he established the 
New York Daily Express, of which 
he has since been the chief editor 
and proprietor; in 1841 he was 
elected a member of the New York 
Legislature; and from 1849 to 1853 
he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from the City of New York, 
serving on the Committee on Pub- 
lie Lands. 

BROOKS, MICAH. 

He was born in Cheshire, Con- 
necticut, in 1175; was educated by 
his father, with whom he removed 
to Western New York, and where 
he taught school. He settled on a 
farm, but was a justice of the peace 
in 1806, and for twenty years there- 
after he was a county judge. He 
was a member of the New York As- 
sembly in 1808 and 1809; was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1815 to 1811; a 
member of the State Constitutional 
Convention of 1821; and a Presi- 
dential Elector in 1824. He died 
in Livingston County, New York, 
early in July, 1851. 

BROOKS, PRESTON S. 

He was born in Edgefield District, 
South Carolina, in August, 1819; 
graduated at the South Carolina 
College in 1839 ; studied law; was 
admitted to the bar in 1843, and 
was a State Representative in 1844. 
In 1846 he raised a company of 
volunteers, was made captain, and 
served in the Palmetto Regiment 
during most of the Mexican war. 



Biographical Sketches. 



n 



After the war he devoted himself to 
planting. He was elected to Con- 
gress in 1853, and again in 1855. 
In 1856 he made a personal assault 
upon Charles Sumner, in the United 
States Senate Chamber, which event 
caused much excitement throughout 
the country. The attack was caused 
by words uttered in debate by Se- 
nator Sumner against Senator But- 
ler, who was Mr. Brooks's relative. 
Mr. Brooks died in Washington, 
District of Columbia, January 2t, 
1857, of acute inflammation of the 
throat, — leaving behind him many 
warm personal friends. 

BROOM, JACOB. 

He was born in Baltimore, Mary- 
land, July 25, 1808 ; received a 
classical education ; on removing to 
Pennsylvania, was appointed, in 
1840, Deputy Auditor of that State; 
in 1849 he was elected Clerk of the 
Orphans' Court for the City and 
County of Philadelphia; and was 
elected a Representative, from that 
State, to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress. 

BROOME, JAMES M. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Delaware, from 1805 to 
1807. 

BROWN, AARON V. 

Born in Brunswick County, Vir- 
ginia, August 15, 1795. He gra- 
duated at Chapel Hill University in 
1814, and in 1815 removed with his 
parents to Tennessee, where he de- 
voted himself to the study of law ; 



and when admitted to practice, be- 
came a partner of the late James K. 
Polk, in Giles County, serving in 
the mean time for a number of years 
in the Legislature of Tennessee. In 
1839 he was elected a member of 
Congress, and re-elected in 1841 
and 1843. On his retirement from 
Congress, in 1845, he was elected 
Governor of Tennessee ; and he has 
at all times been considered one of 
the most faithful and industrious 
leaders of the Democratic party in 
Tennessee. His present position is 
that of Postmaster-General in the 
cabinet of President Buchanan. 
Among the measures which have 
marked his administration of our 
postal affairs may be mentioned the 
establishment of a new and shorter 
oceanic communication to Califor- 
nia, by Tehuantepec, of the great 
overland mail from Memphis and 
St.- Louis to San Francisco, and an- 
other, across the continent, by the 
way of Salt Lake. His speeches, 
Congressional and political, were 
published at Nashville, in 1854, in a 
handsome volume of seven hundred 
pages. 

BROWN, ALBERT G. 

He was born in Chester District, 
South Carolina, May 31, 1813; 
adopted the law as a profession; 
was a member of the State Legis- 
lature from 1835 to 1839 ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Mississippi, in 1840 and 1841. He 
was also a Judge of the Circuit 
Superior Court, in 1852 and 1853; 
Governor of Mississippi, from 1844 



74 



Biographical Sketches. 



to 1848 ; was again elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1848 to 
1854 ; was elected a United States 
Senator, from 1854 to 1858; and 
re-elected for six years, commencing 
March 4, 1859. He is Chairman 
of the Committee on the District of 
Columbia, and a member of the 
Committee on Indian Affairs, and 
that of Enrolled Bills. 

BROWN, ANSON. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, daring the years 
1839 and 1840, and died at Balls- 
ton, New York, in June, 1840, 
much respected for his character 
and acquirements. 

BROWN, BEDFORD. 

Born in Caswell County, North 
Carolina, in 1795; was elected to 
the House of Commons, of that 
State, in 1815, in which capacity he 
served many years ; and was a Se- 
nator in Congress, from that State, 
from 1829 to 1841, officiating as 
Chairman of the Committee on Ag- 
riculture during several sessions. 
He was subsequently elected to the 
General Assembly, and at the end of 
his term retired to private life. 

BROWN, BENJAMIN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress,from Massachusetts,from 1815 
to 1817. 

BROWN, CHARLES. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 



gress, from that State, from 1841 to 
1843, and again from 1847 to 1849. 

BROWN, ELIAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1829 to 
1831. 

BROWN, ETHAN A. 

He was Governor of Ohio, from 

1818 to 1822, and from 1822 to 
1825 a Senator in Congress, from 
that State, serving as a member of 
the Judiciary Committee. 

BROWN, GEORGE H. 

He was born in New Jersey; 
graduated at Princeton College in 
1828 ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1851 to 1853. 

BROWN, JAMES. 

He was born in Yirginia, Octo- 
ber, 1T66 ; studied law; settled first 
in Tennessee, at Natchez ; and was 
appointed, by President Jefferson, 
Secretary of the Territory of Loui- 
siana, after its acquisition. This led 
him to New Orleans, which became 
his home. He was appointed Uni- 
ted States Attorney for the District 
of Louisiana, and rose to a high 
rank at the bar. He was chosen to 
the United States Senate, and served 
from 1812 to 1817, and again from 

1819 to 1824, officiating as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Foreign 
Relations, and was appointed Min- 
ister Plenipotentiary to France. He 
remained five years abroad, and sub- 
sequently settled in Philadelphia, 



Biographical Sketches, 



7^ 



where he died of apoplexy, April 1, 
1835. 

BROWN, JEREMIAH. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1841 to 
1845. 

BROWN, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Rhode Island, from 
1799 to 1801. 

BROWN, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1809 to 
1810. 

BROWN, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821 
to 1825. 

BROWN, JOHN W. 

He was born in Scotland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Orange County, New York, 
from 1833 to 1837, and was a mem- 
ber of the Committees on Invalid 
Pensions, Territories, and Expen- 
ditures on Public Buildings. 

BROWN, MILTON. 

He was born in Ohio, and on tak- 
ing up his residence in Tennessee, 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1841 to 184T. 

BROWN, ROBERT. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1798 
to 1815. 



BROWN, TITUS. 

He was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from New Hampshire, 
from 1825 to 1829, and was a mem- 
ber of the Committee on the Me- 
morial of the Legislature of Ten- 
nessee. 

BROWN, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Frederick County, 
Virginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Kentucky, from 
1819 to 1823. 

BROWN, WILLIAM G. 

He was born in Preston County, 
Virginia, September 25, 1801 ; he 
received a good English education ; 
studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1823; in 1832 he was 
elected to the Assembly of Virgi- 
nia; he was a Representative in 
Congress, from Virginia, from 1845 
to 1849 ; and in 1850 he was elected 
to the State Convention of Virgi- 
nia, since which time he has been 
wholly devoted to his profession. 

BROWN, WILLIAM J. 

He was born in Kentucky, in 1805. 
He emigrated to Indiana in 1821, 
and was at one time Secretary of 
State for Indiana, and a member of 
the State Legislature ; a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1843 to 
1845, and again from 1849 to 1851 ; 
he was also Assistant Postmaster- 
General, under President Polk; 
editor of the Indiana Sentinel; 
State Librarian of Indiana ; and, 
at the time of his death, Special 
Agent of the Post-office Depart- 



76 



Biographical Sketches. 



ment for Indiana and Illinois. He 
died near Indianapolis, March 18, 

185T. 

BROWNE, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from "Virginia, from 1*789 to 
1^93. 

BROWNE, JOHN. 

He was born in 1157, and died 
at Frankfort, Kentucky, August 28, 
1831. He was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from 1192 to 1805. 

BRUCE, PHINEAS. 

He was a graduate of Yale Col- 
lege in 1786 ; and elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Massa- 
chusetts, from 1803 to 1805. 

BRUSH, HENRY. 

He was born in Dutchess County, 
New York, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Ohio, from 
1819 to 1821. 

BRUYN, ANDREW D. W. 

Born in IS'ew York, and was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1837 
to 1838, and died at Ithaca, in July, 
1838. 

BRYAN, GEORGE M. 

Was born in Missouri, June 12, 
1821 ; bore a part in the military 
campaign of Texas in 1836 ; re- 
ceived a liberal education and stu- 
died law ; in 1846 he went to the 
Rio Grande, under Greneral Taylor ; 
in 1847 was elected to the Texas 



Legislature, and served in the 
House and Senate seven years; 
and was elected a Representative, 
from Texas, to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on 
Agriculture. 

BRYAN, HENRY H. 

Born in Martin County, North 
Carolina, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Tennessee, from 
1819 to 1823, and was a member of 
the Committee on Private Land 
Claims. He died in Montgomery 
County, of that State, in May, 1835. 

BRYAN, JOHN H. 

He was born in ISTewbern County, 
North Carolina, in 1798 ; and gra- 
duated at the University of North 
Carolina in 1815. He was a lawyer 
by profession ; served a number of 
years in the State Legislature ; and 
was a member of Congress, from 
1825 to 1827, and again from 1815 
to 1819. 

BRYAN, JOSEPH. 

He was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from Georgia, from 
1803 to 1806. 

BRYAN, NATHAN. 

Born in Jones County, North 
Carolina, and in 1791 represented 
that county in the House of Com- 
mons. He was a member of Con- 
gress, from 1795 to 1798, and died 
at Philadelphia, during the latter 
year. He was a prominent man 
among the Baptists, and a most 
exemplary Christian. 



Biographical Sketches. 



77 



BUCHANAN, ANDREW. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1835 
to 1839. 

BUCHANAN, JAMES. 

Born in Franklin County, Penn- 
sylvania, November 13, 1791. After 
a regular course of classical educa- 
tion, he studied and practiced law 
in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. In 
1814 he was elected to the State 
Legislature of Pennsylvania, and 
re-elected the next year. In 1821 
he entered Congress, as a Repre- 
sentative from the Lancaster Dis- 
trict, where he continued until 1831, 
when he declined a re-election. In 
1832 he was appointed Minister to 
Russia, by President Jackson, and 
on his return from that mission in 
1834, he was elected by the Penn- 
sylvania Legislature to the Senate 
of the United States, to fill the 
unexpired term of William Wil- 
kins, Avho had resigned. He was 
re-elected in 1837, and again in 
1843. In 1845 he resigned his seat 
in the Senate, and became Secretary 
of State, and the head of the cabi- 
net of President Polk. At the 
close of that eventful administra- 
tion, he retired to private life at 
his residence of "Wheatland," near 
Lancaster ; but he was summoned 
again to the public service in 1853, 
when he accepted the appointment 
from President Pierce, of Minister 
of the United States to the Court 
of St. James. Having resigned 
this office, he returned home in 1856, 



and in the summer of that year re- 
ceived the Democratic nomination 
for President of the United States. 
In the following November he was 
elected to that position, and in 
March, 185Y, he entered upon its 
duties. 

BUCHER, JOHN C. 

He was for many years a Judge 
of the Circuit Court of Pennsyl- 
vania; a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1831 
to 1833 ; and died in Harrisburg, 
Pennsylvania, October 26, 1851. 

BUCK, DANIEL. 

He was a lawyer by profession, 
and one of the earliest settlers in 
Vermont, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1795 to 1797, and died in 1817. 
He was the father of the Hon. 
Daniel A. A. Buck. 

BUCK, DANIEL AZRO A. 

He was born in Yermontin 1789; 
graduated at Middlebury College in 
1807, and also at the West Point 
Military Academy in 1808, when 
he entered the army. He resigned 
his commission in 1811; was re- 
appointed, as a captain in the 
army, in 1813, but finally left the 
military profession in 1815. He 
then established himself as a lawyer 
at Chelsea, Yermont, and was for 
fourteen years a member of the 
State Legislature, officiating about 
half of that time as Speaker of the 
Lower House. He filled the office of 
State Attorney for Orange County 



78 



Biographical Sketches. 



for six years ; was a Representative 
in Congress, from Vermont, from 
1823 to 1825, and again from 1827 
to 1829; and was subsequently con- 
nected with the Indian Bureau of 
the "War Department in Washing- 
ton, where he died December 24,. 
1841. 

BUCKNER, ALEXANDER. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Missouri, from 1831 to 1833, 
and died in May, 1833. His term 
would have expired in 183*1. He 
was a member of the Committees 
on Pensions and on Engrossed Bills. 

BUCKNER, AYLETT. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1849. 

BUCKNER, RICHARD A. 

Born in 1163 ; was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Kentucky, 
from 1823 to 1829, and died at his 
residence in Greensburg, Kentucky, 
December 8, 1847. 

BUEL, ALEXANDER H. 

He was a prominent and success- 
ful merchant, and a Representative 
in Congress, from New York, from 
1850 until the time of his death, 
which occurred in Washington City, 
January 30, 1853. 

BUEL, ALEXANDER W. 

Born in Rutland County, Ver- 
mont, in 1813 ; graduated at the 
Vermont University, in 1831 ; 
taught school for several years in 



Vermont and New York, during 
which period he prepared himself 
for the practice of the law; in 1834 
he took up his residence in Michi- 
gan; in 1836 was Attorney for the 
City of Detroit; in 1837 was elect- 
ed to the State Legislature ; in 
1843 and 1844 was Prosecuting 
Attorney for Wayne County ; in 
1847 was again elected to the Le- 
gislature; and from 1849 to 1851 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Michigan, and was a member 
of the Committee on Foreign Af- 
fairs. 

BUFFINGTON, JOSEPH. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1847. 

BUFFINGTON, JAMES. 

Born in Fall River, Massa- 
chusetts, March 16, 1817; was 
a merchant by occupation ; Mayor 
of the City of Fall River during 
the years 1854 and 1855 ; and was 
elected a Representative from Mas- 
sachusetts to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, and is a member of the Com- 
mittee on Military Affairs. He has 
also been re-elected to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress. 

BUFFUM, JOSEPH, Jr. 

He was born in Fitchburg, Mas- 
sachusetts; graduated at Dartmouth 
College in 1806 ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New 
Hampshire, from 1819 to 1821, and 
a member of the Committees on Ex- 



Biographical Sketches. 



79 



penditures in the Navy Department, 
and on Public Buildings. 

BUGG, ROBERT M. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1853 to 1855. 

BULL, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Missouri, from 1833 to 
1835. 

BULLARD, HENRY ADAMS. 

Born in Groton, Massachusetts, 
September 9, 1788 ; was educated 
at Harvard University, and gradu- 
ated in 1807. He was a lawyer by 
profession, but his knowledge of the 
modern languages brought him in 
contact with General Toledo, in 
Philadelphia, who was organizing 
an expedition to revolutionize New 
Mexico. He joined him as his aid 
and military secretary, and spent 
the winter of 1812 with him at 
Nashville, and accompanied him 
into New Mexico in the spring. 
They were defeated in a pitched 
battle by the royal troops at San 
Antonio, and suffered severe hard- 
ships, but he managed to reach Na- 
chitoches, and there remained and 
commenced the practice of his pro- 
fession. In 1822 he was elected to 
a seat on the District Court Bench, 
and performed its duties for several 
years. In 1831 was chosen a Re- 
presentative in Congress, and served 
till 1834 ; he was then elevated to 
the Supreme Bench of Louisiana, 
and filled the office until 1846, with 



the exception of a few months in 
1839, when he acted as Secretary 
of State. He then removed to New 
Orleans. In 1847 was appointed 
Professor of the Civil Law in the 
Law School of Louisiana, and de- 
livered two courses of lectures. In 
1850 he was elected to the Legisla- 
ture, and a few weeks after was 
chosen to fill a vacancy in Congress, 
occasioned by the resignation of C. 
M. Conrad, and served again in the 
House of Representatives one year. 
On his return journey homeward he 
was prostrated by fatigue and expo- 
sure ; he lingered three weeks, and 
died in New Orleans, April 17, 
1851. 

BULLOCH, WILLIAM B. 

Born in Georgia in 1776 ; was a 
lawyer by profession ; being a pro- 
minent member of the bar as early 
as 1800. In 1809 he was Mayor 
of Savannah, and subsequently Col- 
lector of that port. He was United 
States Senator in 1813 ; and in 1816 
was chosen President of the Bank 
of Georgia, of which he was one of 
the founders, and held the office 
twenty-seven years. He died in 
Savannah, Georgia, March 6, 1852. 

BULLOCK, STEPHEN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1797 to 1799. 

BULLOCK, WINGFIELD. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, during the 
years 1820 and 1821. 



80 



Biographical Sketches. 



BUNCH, SAMUEL. 

Was born in 1786. He com- 
manded a regiment in the Indian 
war, under General Andrew Jack- 
son, and in the charge of the battle 
of the Horse Shoe, was the first or 
second man over the breastwork of" 
the enemy. He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Tennessee, 
from 1833 to 1837 ; and died in 
Granger County, Tennessee, Sep- 
tember 5, 1849. 

BUNNER, RUDOLPH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1827 
to 1829, and died at Otsego, July 
23, 1837, aged fifty-eight years. 

BURD, GEORGE. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 
to 1835, and died at Bedford, Penn- 
sylvania, January 13, 1844, aged 
fifty years. 

BURGES, TRISTAM. 

Born in Rochester, New York, 
February 26, 1770, and died in 
Rhode Island, October 13, 1853. 
He graduated at the Rhode Island 
College ; studied law and taught 
school at the same time ; com- 
menced the practice of his profes- 
sion in Providence, and acquired 
great influence and distinction as an 
advocate; in 1811 was elected 
Chief Justice of Rhode Island ; oc- 
cupied the Chair of Oratory in 
Brown IJhiversity ; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1825 
to 1835. He acquired great repu- 



tation by a parliamentary contest 
with John Randolph, and left be- 
hind him many interesting pamph- 
lets on political and literary subjects. 
His characteristics as a debater, 
were withering sarcasm, combined 
with fervid eloquence and rare rea- 
soning power. 

BURGESS, DEMPSY. 

He was a member of the Provin- 
cial Congress of North Carolina; 
a lieutenant-colonel of the militia ; 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from 1795 to 1798. 

BURKE, EDAMUS. 

He was born in Galway, Ireland, 
and came to America at the begin- 
ning of the Revolution. In 1 7 7 8 he 
was appointed a Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of South Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1789 to 1791. He was 
an earnest Republican, and died at 
Charleston, March 30, 1802, aged 
fifty-nine years. 

BURKE, EDMUND. 

Born in Westminster, Vermont, 
January 23, 1809 ; was educated by 
private tutors; studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1829 ; 
and removed to New Hampshire in 
1833, where he established, in Sul- 
livan County, the New Hamp- 
shire Argus, which he edited a 
number of years. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New 
Hampshire, from 1839 to 1845, and 
was Chairman of the Committee on 
the Library, and a member of the 



Biographical Sketches. 



8l 



Committees on Commerce and 
Claims; and, by President Polk, 
was appointed Commissioner of Pa- 
tents in Washington. 

BURLEIGH, WILLIAM. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Berwick, York 
County, Maine, for two terras, from 
1823 to 1827, and was a member of 
the Committee of Expenditures in' 
the State Department. 

BURLINGAME, ANSON. 
Born in JSTew Berlin, Chenango 
County, New York, November 14, 
1822. His youth was spent on the 
Western frontiers, at one time act- 
ing with surveying parties and at 
another participating in the making 
of Indian treaties, far beyond the 
confines of civilization. He laid 
the foundation of his education at 
the Branch University of Michigan, 
but removing to Massachusetts, he 
entered Harvard University, where 
he received a degree in 1846. He 
studied law and practiced in Bos- 
ton. In 1852 he was elected to the 
State Senate, and in 1853 was a 
member of the Convention for re- 
vising the Constitution of Massa- 
chusetts. He was elected a Repre- 
sentative in the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress ; was re-elected to the Thirty- 
fifth, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs. He 
has also been re-elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress. 

BURNELL, BARKER. 
He was a native of Nantucket. 
When only twenty-two years of age, 
6 



he was chosen a member of the 
House of Representatives in his 
native Commonwealth. A few years 
later, he passed into the Senatorial 
body, where, in spite of his youth, 
he became a leading member. He 
sat also in the Convention which 
framed the present Constitution of 
Massachusetts ; took an active part 
in the Harrisburg Convention of 
1840, and served as a Representative 
in Congress, from 1841 to 1843. 
He died in Washington, District of 
Columbia, June 4, 1843, aged forty- 
five years. 

BURNETT, JACOB. 

Was born in Newark, New Jer- 
sey, on the 22d of February, 1770. 
He was a graduate of Princeton 
College in 1791; was admitted to 
the bar by the Supreme Court of 
New Jersey in 1796, and removed 
to Cincinnati immediately there- 
after, wh^re he continued to reside 
until his death. During the first 
twenty years of that residence, he 
devoted himself to the practice of 
his profession, and was ranked 
among the most distinguished mem- 
bers of the bar. When the second 
grade of the territorial government 
was established, in 1799, he was 
appointed, by President Adams, a 
member of the Legislative Council, 
which appointment he held till the 
establishment of the State govern- 
ment of Ohio, in the winter of 
1802-3. He was a member of the 
State Legislature during the war 
of 1812, «nd took an active part in 
sustaining the measures proposed 



82 



Biographical Sketches. 



in that body, to aid tlie general 
government in maintaining the con- 
test. In 1821 he was appointed 
one of the Judges of the Supreme 
Court of Ohio, which commission 
he resigned in December, 1828, and 
was immediately after elected to the 
Senate of the United States, to fill 
the vacancy occasioned by the re- 
signation of his friend General Har- 
rison. In the same year he was 
chosen, by the Legislature of the 
State of Kentucky, one of the Com- 
missioners to settle the matters in 
controversy between that State and 
the Commonwealth of Virginia, in 
regard to the complaints of the 
latter against the statute of limita- 
tion. He was the first President 
of the Astronomical Society of Cin- 
cinnati, and still continued, in 1852, 
an active member of that institution. 
He was, for many years, the Presi- 
dent of the Colonization Society of 
Hamilton County, President of the 
Board of Trustees of the Medical 
College of Ohio, and President of 
the Board of Trustees of the Cin- 
cinnati College, and, upon the nomi- 
nation by La Payette, had been 
elected a member of the French 
Academy. In 184t he published 
a volume entitled "Notes on the 
Early Settlement of the Northwest- 
ern Territory," which is considered 
as containing much interesting in- 
formation, especially as to Ohio, the 
progress of which he witnessed from 
a Territory. He died in 1853. 

BURNETT, HENRY G. 
Born in Essex County, Virginia, 
•October 5, 1825; studied law as a 



profession, and practiced in Ken- 
tucky; was Clerk of the Circuit 
Court of Trigg County, in that 
State, from 1851 to 1853, and a 
Representative in the Thirty-fourth 
and Thirty-fifth Congresses. He was 
Chairman, during the first session 
of the Thirty-fifth Congress, of the 
Committee of Inquiry in regard to 
the sale of Port Snelling, and a 
member of the Committee on the 
District of Columbia. 

BURNS, JOSEPH. 
Born in Waynesborough, Au- 
gusta County, Virginia, March 11, 
1800; was educated at the Ohio 
Union Schools; was by trade a 
hatter and then a farmer ; has filled 
various County and State ofSces ; 
and was elected, from the State 
of Ohio, a Representative in the 
Thirty-fifty Congress. He is a mem- 
ber of the Committees on Expendi- 
tures in the Post-office Department 
and on Invalid Pensions. 

BURNS, ROBERT. 
He was born in New Hampshire, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1833 to 

183t. 

BURNSIDE, THOMAS. 

Was an Associate Judge of the 
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1815 
to 1819. He died at Germantown, 
Pennsylvania, March 25, 1851. 

BURR, AARON. 
He was born in Newark, New 
Jersey, February 6, 1756. He gra- 



Biographical Sketches. 



duated at Princeton College in 
1712, at the age of sixteen ; in 11T5, 
in his twentieth year, he joined 
the American array under Wash- 
ington, at Cambridge ; accompanied 
General Arnold as a private soldier 
in his expedition against Quebec; 
after his arrival there, he acted as 
an aid-de-camp to General Montgo- 
mery; and on his return, in 1*776, 
General Washington invited him to 
join his family at headquarters. 
Some circumstances soon took place, 
by which he forever lost the con- 
fidence of Washington ; and the 
hostility of the former to the latter, 
from that time, was undisguised 
and unmitigated. In 1777, he was 
appointed lieutenant-colonel, and 
distinguished himself as an able 
and brave ofiBcer ; but in March, 
1779, he was, on account of the 
state of his health, compelled to 
resign his office, and retire from 
military life. He then devoted him- 
self to the study of law ; commenced 
practice at Albany, in 1782, but 
soon removed to the City of New 
York ; he became distinguished in 
his profession ; was appointed At- 
torney-General of New York in 
1789; from 1791 to 1797, he was 
a member of the United States 
Senate, and bore a conspicuous 
part as a leader of the Democratic 
or Republican party. At the elec- 
tion of President of the United 
States, for the fourth Presidential 
term, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron 
Burr had each seventy-three votes, 
and the choice was decided by Con- 
gress, on the thirty-sixth ballot, in 



favor of Jefferson for President, and 
Burr for Yice-President. On the 
12th of July, 1804, Colonel Burr 
gave Alexander Hamilton, long his 
professional rival and political op- 
ponent, a mortal wound in a duel. 
He soon after conceived the project 
of his enterprise in the western 
country of the United States; for 
which he was at length apprehended 
and brought to Richmond, in Au- 
gust, 1807, on a charge of treason; 
and after a long trial, was acquitted. 
He afterwards returned to the City 
of New York, practiced law to some 
extent, but passed the remainder of 
his life in comparative obscurity 
and neglect. He was of small 
stature, yet he had a lofty mien, 
a military air, a remarkably bril- 
liant eye, and a striking appear- 
ance. He possessed distinguished 
talents and many accomplishments. 
He died on Staten Island, New 
York, September 14, 1836. 

BURRILL, JAMES. 

He was born in Providence, 
Rhode Island, April 25, 1772; 
graduated at Brown University, in 
1788 ; studied law, devoted himself 
to its practice, and was Attorney- 
General of the State of Rhode Isl- 
and, from 1797 to 1813; was a 
member and Speaker of the As- 
sembly in 1814 ; and was Chief 
Justice of the State in 1816. He 
was elected to the United States 
Senate in 1816, and served as a 
member of the Committees on the 
Judiciary, on Commerce, on Manu- 
factures, and on Accounts. He died 



84 



BioaRAPHicAL Sketches. 



at Washington, before the expira- 
tion of his term, December 25, 1820. 
He was considered an able scholar 
and a wise judge. 

BURROUGHS, SILAS M. 

He was born in New York ; 
served four years in the Legislature 
of that State, and was elected a 
Representative to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, from New York, and is 
a member of the Committee on 
Indian Affairs. He has been re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress. 

BURROWS, ENOCH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Connecticut, from 1821 
to 1823. 

BURROWS, LORENZO. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1849 to 

1853. 

BURT, ARMISTEAD. 

He was born in South Carolina, 
received a liberal education, adopt- 
ed the profession of law, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
So^th Carolina, from 1843 to 1853. 
During a part of the Thirtieth Con- 
gress he officiated as Speaker of the 
House of Representatives. 

BURTON, HUTCHINS G. 

He was born in Granville County, 
North Carolina ; studied law ; in 
1810 represented Mecklenburg in 
the State Legislature, and, in 1816, 



the County of Halifax ; was for 
several years Attorney-Greneral of 
the State. He served as a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1819 to 
1824, and was a member of the 
Committee on the Judiciary and 
Military Affairs ; he was then elect- 
ed Governor of North Carolina. 
He died in Iredell County, April 
21, 1836. 

BURWELL, WILLIAM A. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1806 to 
1821. 

BUSBY, GEORGE H. 

He was born in Darstown, North- 
umberland County, Pennsylvania, 
July 10, n94. In 1810 he removed 
with his father to Ohio, where he 
acquired a knowledge of the cabi- 
net-making business and devoted 
himself to farming. In 1824 he 
was appointed Clerk of the Court 
of Common Pleas and of the Su- 
preme Court, and subsequently a 
Recorder of Deeds in the County 
of Marion ; and he was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1851 to 
1853, from Ohio. 

BUTLER, ANDREW PICKENS. 

He was born in Edgefield Dis- 
trict, South Carolina, November 
18, 1Y96. He graduated at South 
Carolina College, studied law, be- 
came a member of the Legislature 
when quite a young man, and was 
appointed, in 1835, one of the 
Judges of the General Sessions of 
Common Pleas, which office he held 



Biographical Sketches. 



85 



until 184Y, when he was appointed 
by the Executive to fill the vacancy 
in the United States Senate, caused 
by the death of Mr. McDuffie. He 
was subsequently elected and re- 
elected to the same position, and 
was in office at the time of his 
death, which occurred at his home, 
May 25, 1857. He was a states- 
man of distinguished ability and 
much influence, possessed an uncom- 
mon degree of both mental and 
physical ability, and in every par- 
ticular, was a high-toned gentle- 
man. He was popular in the Se- 
nate, and left behind him many 
deeply attached friends. 

BUTLER, CHESTER. 
Born in Wilkesbarre, Luzerne 
County, Pennsylvania, in March, 
1'798 ; graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1817 ; read law at the Litch- 
field School, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1820. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1845 to 1850, and was a 
member of the Committee on Revo- 
lutionary Claims. He died Octo- 
ber 5, 1850. 

BUTLER, EZRA. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yermont, from 1813 to 
1815, and Governor of that State 
during the years 1826 and 1827. 
He died at Waterbury, Vermont, 
July 19, 18.38. 

BUTLER, JOSIAH. 
Born in Rockingham County, 
New Hampshire, in 1780, and died 
at Deerfield, October 29, 1854. He 



j graduated at Harvard University 
in 1803; studied law in Virginia, 
and practiced it in his native State. 
He was repeatedly elected to the 
State Legislature ; was a county 
sheriff, and a clerk of the courts. 
He was elected a Representative in 
Congress, in 1817, and served in 
that capacity until 1823, officiating 
as Chairman of the Committee on 
Agriculture, during the Seventeenth 
Congress. He was then appointed 
Judge of the Superior Court of 
New Hampshire, which he held 
until the office was abolished, 

BUTLER, PIERCE. 
He was of the family of the Dukes 
of Ormond, in Ireland. Before the 
Revolution he was a major in a 
British regiment in Boston, but af- . 
terwards attached himself to the 
republican institutions of America. 
In 1787 he was a Delegate, from 
South Carolina, to the old Con- 
gress; in 1788, a member of the 
Convention which framed the Con- 
stitution of the United States, and, 
under it, was one of the first Sena- 
tors from South Carolina, and re- 
mained in Congress till 1796. On 
the death of Mr. Calhoun, in 1802, 
he was again a Senator, but re- 
signed in 1804. He was opposed 
to some of the measures of Wash- 
ington's administration, but ap- 
proved of the war of 1812. He died 
at Philadelphia, February 15, 1822, 
aged seventy-seven. 

BUTLER, SAMSON H. 
He was born in South Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 



86 



Biographical Sketches. 



gress, from that State, from 1840 
to 1843. 

BUTLER, THOMAS. 

He was born in Carlisle, Penn- 
sylvania, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Louisiana, from 
1818 to 1821. 

BUTLER, THOMAS B. 

He was born in Wethersfield, 
Connecticut, in 1801 ; was educa- 
ted a lawyer ; served in the Con- 
necticut Legislature ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Connecticut, from 1849 to 1851. 

BUTLER, WILLIAM. 

He was the father of the late Se- 
nator, A. P. Butler, and graduated 
at the College of South Carolina, 
in 1810, as a student of medicine ; 
served as an officer and surgeon 
both in the army and navy of the 
United States ; and=.was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1801 to 1813. He 
died many years ago. 

BUTLER, WILLIAM 0. 

He was born in Jessamine Coun- 
ty, Kentucky, in 1Y93, and came of 
a family honorably identified with 
the Revolution. He was liberally 
educated, and when the war of 1812 
broke out, he enlisted as a soldier ; 
was an ensign under General Win- 
chester, at the battle of the River 
Raisin, and under General Jackson, 
in the South, he attained the rank 
of captain, and was made a colo- 
nel in 181*7. After spending many 



years in retirement, he was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Kentucky, in 1839, and re-elected 
in 1841 ; and during the war with 
Mexico, he obtained such distinc- 
tion, that he was promoted to the 
position of major-general in the 
regular army ; a sword was voted 
to him by Congress, March 2, 184*7 ; 
and when General Scott was re- 
called from the City of Mexico, 
General Butler was left chief in 
command, and announced the rati- 
fication of the treaty of peace. 
May 29, 1848. In 1848 he was the 
Democratic candidate for Yice-Pre- 
sident, on the ticket with Lewis 
Cass for President. He was ap- 
pointed, by President Pierce, Go- 
vernor of Nebraska Territory, but 
declined the appointment. He is 
the author of many fugitive pieces 
of poetry, several of which possess 
uncommon merit, and one, entitled 
"The Boat Horn," has attained 
great popularity. 

BUTMAN, SAMUEL. 

A Representative in Congress, 
from Penobscot County, Maine, 
from 182*7 to 1831, and was a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Internal 
Improvements. 

BYNAM, .lESSE A. 

Born in Halifax County, jS^orth 
Carolina. He was educated at 
IJnion College, jSTew York ; served 
a number of years in the State 
Legislature ; and was a member 
of Congress, from 1833 to 1841. 
While in Congress he fought a duel 



Biographical Sketches. 



87 



with Daniel Jenifer, which termi- 
nated harmlessly ; and at the close 
of his last term he removed to Loui- 
siana. 

CABELL, EDWARD C. 

Born in Richmond, Virginia, in 
1817 ; graduated at the University 
of Virginia; and in 183T removed 
to the Territory of Florida, where 
he settled as a cotton planter. He 
represented the State of Florida in 
Congress, from 1847 to 1853. 

CABELL, SAMUEL J. 

In the beginning of the war of 
the Revolution he was at William 
and Mary College, and left there to 
join the first armed corps raised in 
Virginia, and soon attained the 
rank of lieutenant-colonel in the 
Continental Army, serving with 
honor in all the campaigns, till the 
fall of Charleston, May 12, 1780, 
when he became a prisoner, and the 
close of the war restored him to 
liberty. For many years he was a 
member of the Virginia Assembly, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from 1795 to 1803. He died in Nel- 
son County, Virginia, September 4, 
1818, aged sixty-one years. 

CABLE, .JOSEPH. 

He was born in Ohio, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Jihat State, from 1849 to 1853. 

CABOT, GEORGE. 

Born in Salem, Massachusetts, 
and employed the early part of his 
life in foreign commerce. Before 



he was twenty-six years old, he was 
elected a member of the Provin- 
cial Congress, from Massachusetts, 
where he advocated those principles 
of political economy for which he 
was afterwards distinguished; he 
was a member of the Convention 
which formed the Constitution of 
that State, and also of that which ra- 
tified the Constitution of the United 
States, to promote which he made 
the most strenuous exertions. From 
1791 to 1796 he served in the Uni- 
ted States Senate, and was one of 
the most distinguished members of 
that body ; a confidential friend of 
Washington and Hamilton, to the 
latter of whom he rendered most 
important assistance in forming his 
financial system. In 1808 he was 
a member of the Council of Massa- 
chusetts, and in 1814 a delegate to 
the Hartford Convention, and was 
made president of that body. He, 
after that period, retired from pub- 
lic life, and died at Boston, April 
18, 1823, aged seventy-two. 

CADWALLADER, JOHN. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative from that 
State, to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress, 

CADWALLADER, LAMBERT. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1789 
to 1791, and again from 1793 to 
1795. 

CADY, DANIEL. 
He was born in Chatham, Colum- 
bia County, New York, April 29, 



Biographical Sketches. 



1113 ; was bied a shoemaker; stu- 
died law, and practiced with suc- 
cess ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from ISTew York, from 
1815 to ISIT, having previously 
served five years in the State Legis- 
lature. 

CADY, JOHN W. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly in 1822, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1823 to 1825. 

CAGE, HENRY. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Mississippi, from 1833 
to 1835. 

CAHOON, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Vermont, from 1829 to 
1833. 

CALDWELL, GEORGE A. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1845, 
and again from 1849 to 1851. 

CALDWELL, GREENE AV. 

Born in Gaston County, l^orth 
Carolina, April 13, 1811. He stu- 
died medicine, and practiced with 
success, but subsequently devoted 
himself to the law. He served a 
number of years in the State Legis- 
lature, and was a member of Con- 
gress, from 1841 to 1843. He was 
subsequently appointed Superinten- 
dent of the United States Mint, at 
Charlotte, which position he re- 



signed ; he participated in the war 
with Mexico as volunteer captain 
o,f a company of dragoons. 

CALDWELL, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1813 to 
1817. 

CALDWELL, JOSEPH P. 

Born in Iredell County, N'orth 
Carolina, in 1808. He was edu- 
cated at Bethany Academy ; studied 
law; and entered public life in 1838, 
as a member of the State Legisla- 
ture, where he served a number of 
years, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1849 to 1853. 

CALDWELL, PATRICK C. 

He was a native of South Caro- 
lina, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1841 
to 1843, serving on the Committee 
on Manufactures. 

CALHOUN, JOHN. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1835 to 1839. 

CALHOUN, JOHN C. 

Born in Abbeville District, S. C, 
March 18, 1182. He was of an Irish 
family. His father, Patrick Calhoun, 
was born in Ireland, and at an early 
age came to Pennsylvania, thence- 
went to the western part of Vir- 
ginia, and after Braddock's defeat, 
moved to South Carolina in 1'756. 
At the age of thirteen, he was put 
under the charge of his brother- 



Biographical Sketches. 



in-law, Dr. Waddel, in Columbia 
County, Georgia. He entered Yale 
College in 1802, and graduated with 
distinction ; studied law at Litcli- 
field, Connecticut ; and in 1801 was 
admitted to the bar of South Caro- 
lina. The next year he entered the 
Legislature of that State, where he 
served for two sessions with ability 
and distinction, and in 1811 was 
elected to Congress, where he con- 
tinued until 1811, when he became 
Secretary of War under President 
Monroe, and conducted the affairs 
of that department with energy and 
ability for seven years. In 1825 he 
was elected Yice-President, and in 
1831, upon General Hayne's leav- 
ing the Senate to become Governor 
of South Carolina, Mr. Calhoun re- 
signed the Yice-Presidency, and 
was elected a member of the United 
States Senate by the Legislature of 
South Carolina. After the expira- 
tion of his senatorial term, he went 
voluntarily into retirement. Upon 
the death of Mr. Upshur, in 1843, 
he assumed the conduct of the State 
Department, which he held until the 
close of President Tyler's adminis- 
tration. In 1845 he was again 
elected Senator, which office he held 
until his decease. From 1811, 
when he entered Congress, until 
his death, he was rarely absent from 
Washington, and during the most 
of that period he was in the pubhc 
service of his State and country. 
He entered Congress at a time of 
unusual excitement, preceding the 
declaration of war of 1812, and had 
great influence in favor of that mea- 



sure. In the difficulties and em- 
barrassments upon the termination 
of war, and the transition to a peace 
establishment, he took a responsible 
part. As a presiding officer of the 
Senate he was punctual, methodi- 
cal, and accurate, and had a high 
regard for the dignity of the body, 
which he endeavored to preserve 
and maintain. His connection with 
nullification, his views of the tariff, 
his opinions in regard to slavery, 
and the many and exciting questions 
arising from it, are well known. 
He shaped the course, and moulded 
the opinions of the people of his 
own State, and of some other South- 
ern States, upon all these subjects. 
Amid all the strifes of party poli- 
tics, there always existed between 
him and his political opponents, a 
great degree of personal kindness. 
He died in Washington City, March 
31, 1850, leaving behind him the 
reputation of one of the greatest 
and the purest of American states- 
men. His collected writings and 
speeches have been published in 
several octavo volumes, edited by 
his son, and accompanied with a 
biography. 

CALHOUN, JOHN E. 

Born in 1149 ; and graduated at 
Princeton College in 1114. He 
afterwards studied law, in which 
profession he became distinguished. 
After being for many years in the 
State Legislature of South Caro- 
lina, he was a Senator in Congress 
from 1801 to 1802. He was a de- 
cided republican, and supporter of 



90 



BlOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Mr. Jefferson. He was one of the 
committee who were instructed to 
report a modification of the judi- 
ciary system of the United States. 
He died in Pendleton District, IS'o- 
vember 26, 1802, aged fifty-two 
years. 

CALHOUN, JOSEPH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1807 to 1811. 

CALHOUN, WILLIAM B. 

He was born in Massachusetts ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1814 ; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from his native State, from 
1835 to 1843. 

CALL, JACOB, 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Indiana, from 1824 to 
1825. 

CALL, RICHARD K. 

He was born in Kentucky ; and 
having taken an interest in mili- 
tary affairs, became aid-de-camp to 
Greneral Jackson in 1818, and was 
promoted to a captain soon after- 
wards, and subsequently was ap- 
pointed brigadier-general of the 
Florida militia. He was a member 
of the Legislative Council of Flo- 
rida in 1822; a Delegate to Con- 
gress from 1823 to 1825 ; Receiver 
of Public Money for the Land- 
office ; and he held the position of 
Governor of Florida from 1836 to 
1844. 



CALVIN, SAMUEL. 

Born in Washingtonville, Colum- 
bia County, Pennsylvania, July 30, 
1811 ; at the age of sixteen, after 
the death of his father, he was 
thrown upon his own resources, and 
became a school teacher, with the 
view of supporting his father's fa- 
mily, and obtaining the means for a 
classical education ; he accomplish- 
ed this object ; subsequently studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1836, and practiced in Hollidays- 
burg, Pennsylvania. In 1848 he 
was elected a member of the Thirty- 
first Congress, and in 1850 declined 
a re-election. 

CAMBRELLING, CHURCHILL C. 

He was born in Washington, 
]S"orth Carolina, in 1186, and re- 
ceived an academical education at 
Newbern, in that State. He had 
a special fondness for field sports, 
but did not let them interfere with 
his duties as a clerk in a Carolina 
store, where he was engaged for 
two years. He removed to 'New 
York City in 1802, which has since 
that time been his home, excepting 
the year 1806, when he was a 
counting-house clerk in Providence, 
Rhode Island. He engaged at an 
early day in mercantile pursuits with 
John Jacob Astor, and traveled ex- 
tensively over the world. He was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1821 to 1839, and 
officiated as Chairman of the Com- 
mittees of Commerce, Ways and 
Means, and of Foreign Affairs. 



Biographical Sketches. 



91 



His reports and political pamph- 
lets were at one time very nume- 
rous, one of the former, on Com- 
merce and Navigation, having gone 
through several editions and been 
republished in London. While 
traveling in Europe in 1839, he re- 
ceived the appointment of Minister 
to Russia, and on his return to the 
United States he retired to private 
life. 



CAMERON, SIMON. 

He was born in Lancaster Co., 
Pennsylvania, in 1199, and was left 
an orphan when only nine years of 
age. He educated himself, while 
pursuing the employment of a prin- 
ter in newspaper offices at Harris- 
burg and in Washington City, and 
when twenty-two years of age edited 
and published a Democratic journal 
at the former city, having previously 
had charge of a paper at Doyles- 
town, Pennsylvania. In 1832 he 
established the Middletown Bank 
of Pennsylvania, and devoted much 
of his attention to the railroad in- 
terests of his native State, and be- 
fore entering Congress he was the 
cashier of a bank, president of two 
railroad companies, and Adjutant- 
General of Pennsylvania. He was 
first elected a Senator in Congress 
in 1845, where he served until 1849, 
and he was re-elected to the same 
position in 1857, for the term ending 
in 1863. He is a member of the 
Committees on Finance and on 
Printing. 



CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Ohio, from 1809 to 1813. 

CAMPBELL, BROOKINS. 

He was born in Washington 
County, Tennessee, in 1808 ; was 
for many years a member of the 
State Legislature, and in 1845 was 
unanimously elected Speaker ; he 
was an officer in the quartermaster's 
department in the war with Mexico, 
and a member of Congress, from 
1852 to the time of his death, which 
occurred in Washington, District of 
Columbia, December 24, 1853. 

CAMPBELL, GEORGE W. 

He was born in Tennessee in 
1768; received a good education; 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1803 to 1809, 
serving during the last two years of 
his term as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee of Ways and Means ; was 
Judge of the United States District 
Court ; was elected Senator of the 
United States in 1811, but resigned 
on being appointed Secretary of the 
Treasury in 1814. He resumed his 
seat in the Senate the following- 
year, and served till 1818, when he 
was appointed Minister to Russia. 
He died at Nashville, Tennessee, 
February 17, 1848. 

CAMPBELL, JAMES H. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative from that 
State, to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress. 



92 



Biographical Sketches. 



CAMPBELL, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1801 to 
1811. 

CAMPBELL, JOHN. 

He was born in South Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1829 
to 1831, and again from 1831 to 
1845. 

CAMPBELL, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1837 to 
1843. 

CAMPBELL, JOHN H. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1845 
to 184Y. 

CAMPBELL, JOHN P. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative from that 
State, to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress. 

CAMPBELL, JOHN W. 

He was born in Augusta County, 
Virginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Ohio, from 1811 

to 1827. 

CAMPBELL, LEWIS D. 

Born in Fi'anklin, "Warren County, 
Ohio, August 9, 1811. He received 
a limited education ; was attached 
at an early day to the Cincinnati 
Gazette, as printer and assistant 



editor ; subsequently had the entire 
control of another political paper ; 
and having studied law, was ad- 
mitted to practice. He was elected 
a member of Congress, from Ohio, 
in 1848, and has been re-elected to 
each successive Congress, down to 
the Thirty-fifth, when his seat was 
contested, and the House of Repre- 
sentatives decided against his claim. 
During the Thirty-third Congress, 
he was Chairman of the Committee 
of Ways and Means. 

CAMPBELL, ROBERT B. 

He was born in South Carolina ; 
graduated at the South Carolina 
College in 1809 ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1823 to 
1825, and again from 1835 to 1837. 
He was subsequently appointed, by 
President Fillmore, American Con- 
sul at Havana, Cuba. 

CAMPBELL, SAMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1821 
to 1823, having previously served 
five years in the Assembly of that 
State. 

CAMPBELL, THOMAS F. 

He was a native of South Caro- 
lina, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1834 to 1835. 

CAMPBELL, THOMAS J. 

He was a citizen of Tennessee, 
and a member of Congress, from 
that State, from 1841 to 1843, and 
twice Clerk of the House of Re- 



Biographical Sketches. 



93 



presentatives. He died in "Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia, April 
13, 1850. 

CAMPBELL, THOMPSON. 
He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Illinois, from 1851 to 
1853. 

CAMPBELL, WILLIAM B. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 183t to 1843. 

CAMPBELL, WILLIAM W. 
Born in Cherry Yalley, New 
York, June 10, 1806 ; graduated 
at Union College in 1821, and stu- 
died law with Judge Kent, of New 
York, and in 1831 he commenced 
the practice of his jDrofession in 
that city, having previously written 
and published a history of the bor- 
der war of New York. He was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1845 to 1847, and then spent a year 
in Europe ; on his return, he was 
appointed a Justice of the Superior 
Court of New York City, and 
served seven years, and was subse- 
quently elected a Judge of the 
Supreme Court of the State, which 
position he now holds. 

CANBY, RICHARD S. 
He was born in Ohio, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 184T to 1849. 

CANNON, NEWTON. 
He was born in Gruilford County, 
North Carolina, and was a Repre- 



sentative in Congress, from Tennes- 
see, from 1814 to 181*7, and again 
from 1819 to 1823, and was also 
appointed by President Monroe, in 
1819, one of two Commissioners, to 
treat with the Chickasaws. 

CAPERTON, HUGH. 

He was born in Yirginia in 1180 ; 
was a farmer by occupation ; a 
member, for many years, of the State 
Legislature ; and a Representative 
in Congress, from the Greenbrier 
region of Yirginia, from 1813 to 
1815. He died in Monroe County, 
Yirginia, February, 9, 1847. 

CAREY, GEORGE. 

He was a native of Maryland, 
but removed to Georgia, and died 
in TJpson County in 1844. He was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1823 to 1827, from Georgia. 

CAREY, SHEPARD. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1843 to 
1845, and served as a member of 
the Committee on Claims. 

CARLILE, JOHN S. 

Born in Winchester, Frederick 
County, Yirginia, December 16, 
1817. He was educated by his 
mother until fourteen years of age, 
and then went into a country store 
as salesman and clerk, and at the 
age of seventeen commenced busi- 
ness for himself ; at the same time 
he read law and was admitted to 
the bar in 1840, and settled in 
Beverly, Randolph County, in 1842, 



94 



Biographical Sketches. 



to practice. He was elected to the 
State Senate in 184'7, and served 
till 1851. In 1850 lie was a mem- 
ber of the Constitutional Conven- 
tion of Yirginia, and in 1855 was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, serving one term. 

CARLTON, PETER. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
180t to 1809. 

CARMICHAEL, R. B. 

He was a native of Maryland, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 1835. 

CARNES, THOMAS P. 

He was born and educated in 
Maryland ; studied law, and settled 
in Georgia; he was there succes- 
sively Solicitor-General, Attorney- 
General, and Judge of the Supreme 
Court; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1193 to 1195. 
He died at Milledgeville, May 8, 
1822. 

CARPENTER, DAVIS. 

He was born in Walpole, Che- 
shire County, New Hampshire, 
December 25, 1199; received an 
academical education ; studied me- 
decine, and took the degree of 
M.D. at Middlebury College, Yer- 
mont, in 1824; he removed to the 
State of New York in 1825, and 
there attained the position of co- 
lonel of a rifle corps ; and was a 



Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1853 to 1855. 
He is now devoted to his profession 
and to surveying. 

CARPENTER, LEVI D. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1843 
to 1845. 

CARR, FRANCIS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 1811 
to 1813. 

CARR, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 1815 
to 1811. 

CARR, JOHN, 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Indiana, from 1831 to 
1831, and again from 1839 to 1841, 
and died in Clarke County, Indi- 
ana, January 20, 1845. 

CARROLL, CHARLES, of Carrollton. 

He was born in Annapolis, Mary- 
land, on the 20th of September, 
1131 ; was descended from a re- 
spectable Irish family ; was of the 
Roman Catholic religion, and in- 
herited a very large estate. He was 
sent at an early age to St. Omers 
to be educated, and afterwards re- 
moved to Rheims. After having 
studied civil law in France, he went 
to London, and pursued the study 
of common law at the Temple ; 



Biographical Sketches. 



95 



and returned to America at the 
age of twenty-seven. He soon be- 
came known as an advocate for 
liberty, and was one of the ablest 
political writers of Maryland. In 
1716, he was elected a Delegate to 
the old Congress, and subscribed 
his name to the Declaration of In- 
dependence, and at the time of his 
death was the last surviving signer 
of that document. In It 78 he left 
Congress, and devoted himself to 
the councils of his native State ; in 
1789 he was elected a Senator to 
the new Congress, and in 1810 he 
quitted public life, and passed the 
remainder of his days in tranquillity, 
beloved and revered by his friends 
and neighbors, and honored by his 
country. He was ever considered 
a model of regularity in conduct 
and sedateness in judgment. He 
died in Baltimore, November 14, 
1832. 

CARROLL, CHARLES H. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1843 
to 1847, a member of the Assembly 
of the State in 1836, and a State 
Senator in 1837. 

CARROLL, DANIEL. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1789 to 
1791, and was that year appointed 
Commissioner for Surveying the 
District of Columbia. 

CARROLL, JAMES. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1839 to 1841. 



CARSON, SAMUEL V. 

Born at Pleasant Garden, Burke 
County, North Carolina. He was 
for several years a member of the 
State Legislature, and a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1825 to 
1833. He killed Doctor Robert B. 
Yance in a duel, in 1827, and at 
the close of his services in Congress, 
removed to Arkansas, where he died 
in November, 1840. 

CARTER, JOHN. 

Born on Black River, Sumter 
District, South Carolina, Septem- 
ber 10, 1792; and graduated at 
South Carolina College, Columbia. 
He was a lawyer by profession ; 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from South Carolina, from 1822 to 
1829, when he declined a re-election. 
His residence was Camden, but he 
removed to Georgetown, District of 
Columbia, in 1836, where he re- 
mained until his death, which oc- 
curred June 20, 1850. 

CARTER, TIMOTHY J. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1837 to the 
date of his death, which occurred 
at Washington, March 14, 1838. 

CARTER, WILLIAM B. 

Born in Tennessee in 1812; was 
a member of the House and Senate 
in the State Legislature ; President 
of the Constitutional Convention ; 
and from 1835 to 1841, a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from his 
native State. He died in Carter 
County, Tennessee, April 17, 1848. 



96 



10 GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



CARTTER, DAVID E. 

He was born in JSTew York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Ohio, from 1849 to 1853. 

CARUTHERS, ROBERT L. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1843. 

CARUTHERS, SAMUEL. 

Born in Madison County, Mis- 
souri, October 13, 1820 ; was edu- 
cated at Clinton College, Tennessee; 
is a lawyer by profession ; and was 
elected a member of the House of 
Representatives, in Congress, in 
1853, which position he still occu- 
pies. 

GARY, GEORGE B. 

A member of Congress, from the 
Petersburg District, Virginia, in 
1842 and 1843. He died in South- 
ampton County, Virginia, March 5, 
1850. 

GARY, JEREMIAH E. 

Born in Coventry, Rhode Island, 
April 30, 1803 ; commenced active 
life in the State of New York, by 
working on a farm, and in the tan- 
nery of an uncle ; he received a good 
common school education, which he 
paid for by his own exertions as a 
teacher ; he studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1829; was 
elected to Congress, from Cherry 
Yalley County, in 1842, and, after 
his term as a Representative, re- 
moved to the City of New York, 



where he has since been engaged 
with success in the practice of his 
profession, and holding many im- 
portant local of&ces connected with 
the cause of education. 



GASE, CHARLES. 

Born at Austinburg, Ashtabula 
County, Ohio, December 21, 181t ; 
a lawyer by profession, and a Rep- 
resentative in the Thirty-fifth Con-' 
gress, from Indiana. He is a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Invalid 
Pensions. He has also been re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress. 

CASE, WALTER. 

He was born in Dutchess County, 
New York, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, 
from 1819 to 1821. 



CASEY, JOSEPH. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1849 to 
1851. 

CASEY, LEVL 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1803 to 1807. 



CASEY, ZADOCK. 

He was born in Georgia, and on 
removing to Illinois, was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1833 to 1843. 



Biographical Sketches. 



w 



CASKIE, JOHN S. 

He was born in Virginia, and was 
first elected a Representative to 
Congress, from his native State, in 
1851, and has been elected to each 
successive Congress, serving at the 
present time as a member of the 
Committee on the Judiciary. 

CASS, LEWIS. 

Born in Exeter, New Hampshire, 
October 9, 1782. Having received 
a limited education at his native 
place, at the early age of seventeen 
he crossed the Alleghany Mountains 
on foot, to seek a home in the 
"great west," then an almost unex- 
plored wilderness. Settled at Ma- 
rietta, Ohio, he studied law, and 
was successful. Elected at twenty- 
five to the Legislature of Ohio, he 
originated the bill which arrested 
the proceedings of Aaron Burr, 
and, as stated by Mr Jefferson, was 
the first blow given to what is 
known as Burr's conspiracy. In 
ISOt he was appointed, by Mr. Jef- 
ferson, Marshal of the State, and 
held the office till the latter part of 
iSll, when he volunteered to repel 
Indian aggressions on the frontier. 
He was elected colonel of the 3d 
Regiment of Ohio volunteers, and 
entered the military service of the 
United States, at the commence- 
ment of the war of 1812. Having 
by a difficult march reached Detroit, 
he urged the immediate invasion of 
Canada, and was the author of the 
proclamation of that event. He was 
the first to land in arras on the ene- 
7 



my's shore, and, with a small de- 
tachment of troops, fought and won 
the first battle, that of the Tarontoe. 
At the subsequent capitulation of 
Detroit, he was absent, on import- 
ant service, and regretted that his 
command and himself had been in- 
cluded in that capitulation. Libe- 
rated on parol, he repaired to the 
seat of government to report the 
causes of the disaster, and the fail- 
ure of the campaign. He was im- 
mediately appointed a colonel in the 
regular army, and, soon after, pro- 
moted to the rank of brigadier- 
general ; having, in the mean time, 
been elected major-general of the 
Ohio volunteers. On being ex- 
changed and released from parol, 
he again repaired to the frontier, 
and joined the army for the recovery 
of Michigan. Being at that time 
without a command, he served and 
distinguished himself, as a volunteer 
aid-de-camp to General Harrison, 
at the battle of the Thames. He 
was appointed, by President Madi- 
son, in October, 1813, Governor of 
Michigan. His position combined, 
with the ordinary duties of chief 
magistrate of a civilized commu- 
nity, the immediate management 
and control, as superintendent, of 
the relations with the numerous and 
powerful Indian tribes in that region 
of country. He conducted with 
success the afi'airs of the Territory 
under embarrassing circumstances. 
Under his sway peace was preserved 
between the whites and the treach- 
erous and disaffected Indians, law 
and order established, and the Tor- 



98 



Biographical Sketches. 



ritory rapidly advanced in popula- 
tion, resources, and prosperity. He 
held this position till July, 1831, 
when he was, by President Jackson, 
made Secretary of War. In the 
latter part of 1836, President Jack- 
son appointed him Minister to 
France, where he remained until 
1842, when he requested his recall, 
and returned to this country. In 
January, 1845, he was elected, by 
the Legislature of Michigan, to the 
Senate of the United States ; which 
place he resigned on his nomination, 
in May, 1848, as a candidate for the 
Presidency, by the political party 
to which he belongs. After the 
election of his opponent (General 
Taylor) to that office, the Legisla- 
ture of his State, in 1849, re-elected 
him to the Senate for the unexpired 
portion of his original term of six 
years. When Mr. Buchanan became 
President, he invited General Cass 
to the head of the Department of 
State, in which position he has ac- 
quitted himself with characteristic 
ability. He has devoted some at- 
tention to literary pursuits, and his 
writings, speeches, and State papers 
would make several volumes. 

CASSADY, GEORGE. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from J^Tew Jersey, from 1821 
to 1821, and died in Hackensack, 
New Jersey, December 31, 1842, 
aged fifty-eight years. 

CATHCART, CHARLES W. 

He was born in the Island of 
Madeira, and having taken up his 



residence in Indiana, was elected a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1845 to 1849, and was a Senator in 
Congress, from 1852 to 1853. 

CATLIN, GEORGE S. 

Born in Harwington, Litchfield 
County, Connecticut, in 1809; re- 
ceived a common school and aca- 
demic education ; studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1830; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1843 to 1845. He was 
also a number of years in the State 
Legislature, States Attorney, and 
Judge of the Windham County 
Court He died in December, 1851. 

CAUSIN, JOHN M. S. 

He was born in Maryland, a law- 
yer by profession, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from his na- 
tive State, from 1843 to 1845. 

CAVANAUGH, .J. M. 

He is a Representative in the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from Minne- 
sota. 

CHAFFEE, CALVIN C. 

Born in Saratoga County, New 
York, August 28, 1811. He early 
devoted himself to the study of me- 
dicine, graduated at Middlebury 
College; and on becoming a citizen 
of Massachusetts, he was elected a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, for the Thirty-fourth 
and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is 
now a member of the Committee 
on Invalid Pensions. 



Biographical Sketches. 



m 



CHALMERS, JOSEPH W. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Mississippi, from 1845 to 184t. 

CHAMBERLAIN, EBENEZER M. 

He was born in Maine, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Indiana, from 1853 to 1855. 

CHAMBERLAIN, JOHN C. 

He graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity in 1793; practiced law at 
Alstead, New Hampshire ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1809 to 1811. He 
died at Utica, New York, Decem- 
ber 8, 1834, aged sixty- two years. 

CHAMBERLAIN, AVILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Vermont, from 1803 to 
1805, and again from 1809 to 1811. 

CHAMBERS, DAVID. 

He was born in Allentown, North- 
ampton County, Pennsylvania, in 
1180. He was educated by his 
father, who was a school teacher; 
and in 1794 was employed as a con- 
fidential express to carry dispatches 
from General Henry Lee to Presi- 
dent Washington, during the Whis- 
ky Insurrection; in 1796 he was 
placed in the office of the Aurora 
newspaper, to learn the printer's 
trade ; and after spending the six- 
teen subsequent years on a farm in 
Virginia, he removed to Zanesville, 
Ohio, where he conducted a news- 
paper, and was elected State prin- 



ter. When the seat of government 
was removed to Columbus, he was. 
appointed Secretary of the Senate ; 
during the years 1812 and 1813 he 
was aid-de-camp to General Cass ; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1821 to 
1823. He subsequently served a 
number of years in the State Legis- 
lature of Ohio ; was Speaker in 
1844, and was a member of the 
Constitutional Convention of 1851 ; 
having also been elected Mayor of 
Zanesville, Recorder, and Clerk of 
the Court of Common Pleas. Of 
late years he has been wholly de- 
voted to agricultural pursuits. 

CHAMBERS, EZEKIEL F. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Maryland, from 1826 to 1835. 

CHAMBERS, GEORGE. 

Born in Chambersburg, Pennsyl- 
vania, in 1786; graduated at Prince- 
ton College in 1804; studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1807, 
and practiced extensively in the 
Franklin County courts. He was 
a Representative in Congress from 
1833 to 1837, and was then elected 
a delegate to the Pennsylvania Con- 
stitutional Convention. In 1851 
he was appointed by the Governor, 
with the unanimous consent of the 
Senate, a trustee of the Supreme 
Court of the State, which office he 
held until the expiration of its 
tenure under the constitution. Since 
that time he has lived in retirement, 
discharging many trusts and offices 



100 



Biographical Sketches. 



in promotion of religion and educa- 
tion, in the town of his birth, which 
bears his father's name. 

CHAMBERS, HENRY. 

He was a Senator in Congress 
from 1825 to 1826, from Alabama, 
and died in 1826. 

CHAMBERS, .JOHN. 

Born in New Jersey in Hid; 
emigrated to Kentucky when thir- 
teen years of age ; studied law, and 
practiced the profession with suc- 
cess ; was an aid-de-camp to Gene- 
ral Harrison at the battle of the 
Thames ; was appointed Governor 
of the Territory of Iowa by Presi- 
dent Harrison, manifesting great 
ability and prudence in his inter- 
course with the Indians; and by 
President Taylor he was appointed 
a Commissioner to make a treaty 
with the Sioux Indians. He was 
a member of Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1827 to 1829, and again 
from 1835 to 1839. He died near 
Paris, Kentucky, September 21, 
1852. 

CHAMPION, EPAPHRODITUS. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Connecticut, from 1807 
to 1811 ; a man greatly respected 
for his public and private character ; 
and died at East Haddam, Connec- 
ticut, ISTovember 22, 1835, aged 
seventy-eight years. 

CHAMPLIN, CHRISTOPHER G. 

He was a native of Newport, 
Rhode Island ; graduated at Har- 



vard University in 1186; was a 
member of Congress from 1791 to 
1801, and a Senator of the United 
States from 1809 to 1811. At the 
time of his death, which occurred 
March 18, 1840, in the seventy- 
fourth year of his age, he was Pre- 
sident of the Rhode Island Bank. 

CHANDLER, JOHN. 

He was a Councillor and Senator 
in Maine from 1803 to 1805 ; re- 
presented Massachusetts in Con- 
gress, from 1805 to 1808 ; and was 
elected to the Senate in 1820, being 
one of the first two Senators from 
Maine after its separation from 
Massachusetts. In 1829 he was 
appointed Collector of the port of 
Portland. 

CHANDLER, JOSEPH R. 

He was born in Massachusetts ; 
was liberally educated, and studied 
law ; edited a newspaper in Phila- 
delphia for many years ; was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1849 to 1855; 
and was appointed Minister to 
Naples by President Buchanan in 
1858. 

CHANDLER, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1829 to 1833. 

CHANDLER, ZACHARIAH. 

He is a Senator in Congress from 
Michigan, having succeeded Sena- 
tor Cass in that capacity ; he took 
his seat in the Thirty-fifth Congress. 



Biographical Sketches. 



101 



He is a member of the Committee 
on the District of Columbia. 

CHANEY, JOHN. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Ohio, from 1833 to 1839. 

CHAPIN, GRAHAM H. 

He was born in Connecticut; 
graduated at Yale College in 181*7 ; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1835 
to 183Y, and died in 1843, 

CHAPMAN, AUGUSTUS A. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 184Y. 

CHAPMAN, BIRD B. 

He was born in Connecticut, and, 
on removing to Nebraska, was elect- 
ed a Delegate, from that Territory, 
to the Thirty-fourth Congress. 

CHAPMAN, CHARLES. 

Born at Newtown, Fairfield Coun- 
ty, Connecticut, June 21, 1199; 
received a classical education ; he 
is a lawyer by profession ; was three 
times a member of the House of 
Representatives of the State ; he 
was United States Attorney during 
the administration of Mr. Tyler, and 
a Representative in the Thirty- 
second Congress, from Connecticut. 

CHAPMAN, HENRY. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and elected a Representative to the 



Thirty-fifth Congress, from his na- 
tive State, serving as a member of 
the Committee on the Judiciary. 

CHAPMAN, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1797 
to 1799. 

CHAPMAN, JOHN G. 

He was born in Charles County, 
Maryland, July 5, 1798, and died 
December 10, 1856. He laid the 
foundation of his education at Yale 
College, which he left during his 
senior term, on account of his health, 
and afterwards refused a diploma 
which was tendered to him by the 
faculty. He studied law with Wil- 
liam Wirt, and, after practicing for 
some time, turned his attention to 
politics, and between the years 1824 
and 1844, he was almost constantly 
in the Legislature of Maryland. In 
1845 he was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, and again re-elect- 
ed in 1847, serving on important 
committees, and doing much good 
for his constituents and the public 
at large. He was chosen President 
of the Convention which framed the 
present Constitution of Maryland ; 
and his last public act was to preside 
as Chairman of the National Whig 
Convention, which met in Baltimore, 
in 1856, to nominate Millard Fill- 
more for the Presidency. He was 
an eloquent speaker, filled all his 
public trusts with fidelity, and died 
lamented by a large number of warm 
personal friends. 



102 



Biographical Sketches. 



CHAPMAN, REUBEN. 

He was born in Yirginia, and 
was a E,epresentati?e in Congress, 
from Alabama, from 1835 to 1841. 

CHAPPELL, JOHN J. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1813 to 181T. 

CHARLTON, ROBERT M. 

He was a Judge, and a Senator 
in Congress, from Georgia, in 1852 
and 1853. He died in Savannah, 

January 18, 1854. 

CHASE, DUDLEY. 

Was born in Cornish, Sullivan 
County, 'New Hampshire, Decem- 
ber 30, ItH. He received an aca- 
demic education, and graduated 
at Dartmouth College, in 1^91. 
Having been admitted to the bar, 
he commenced practice in Yermont, 
and, from 1803 to 1811, he was 
States' Attorney for Orange County. 
He was a member of the Constitu- 
tional Conventions of 1814 and 
1822. He was a Representative, 
from Randolph, to the Legislature 
of Yermont, in 1805, and the seven 
succeeding years, during five of 
which he was Speaker of the House 
of Representatives, and was again 
elected Representative, from the 
same town, in 1823 and 1824. He 
was elected United States Senator, 
from Yermont, from 1813 to 1819, 
but he resigned his seat in 1811. 
He was chosen Chief Justice of the 
Supreme Court of Yermont, in 
1817, holding the same office, by 



annual re-elections, until 1821. Hie 
then returned to his profession of 
the law for a few years, and in 1824 
he was again chosen United States 
Senator, from 1825 to 1831, inclu- 
sive, when he retired wholly from 
public life, and devoted his attention 
to farming and gardening, of which 
he was excessively fond. He was 
a brother of the late Philander 
Chase, Bishop of Hlinois ; and died 
at Randolph, Yermont, February 
23, 1846. 

CHASE, GEORGE W. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

CHASE, LUCIEN B. 

He was born in Yermont, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1845 to 1841, 
and for a second term, ending in 
1849. 

CHASE, SALMON P. 

He was born in Cornish, New 
Hampshire, January 13, 1808. His 
education began at home, and was 
continued at the schools and acade- 
mies of New Hampshire and Cen- 
tral Ohio, and completed at the 
Cincinnati College, and at Dart- 
mouth, in New Hampshire. He 
studied law, in Washington City, 
with William Wirt, and has prac- , 
ticed his profession in Cincinnati, 
Ohio, for many years. His first 
public position was that of School 
Examiner, in Cincinnati, in 1839 ; 
in 1840 he was a City Councilman; 



Biographical Sketches. 



103 



was a Senator in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1849 to 1855; and 
elected Grovernor of Ohio, in 1855, 
and re-elected in 1851. 

CHASE, SAJIUEL. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1827 to 1829. 

CHASTAIN, EDWARD W. 

He was born in South Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Georgia, from 1851 to 
1855. 

CHEATHAM, RICHARD. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1837 
to 1839. 

CHETWOOD, WILLIAM. 

Born in New Jersey, in 1769 ; 
graduated at Princeton College in 
1792; and admitted to the bar in 
1798. During the "Whisky Insur- 
rection he attended Major-General 
Lee, as aid-de-camp ; at one time 
served in the State Council of New 
Jersey, and was elected to Congress, 
to fill a vacancy, during the admin- 
istration of President Jackson. He 
was an able lawyer, practiced his 
profession until his seventieth year, 
and died December 18, 1857. 

CHEVES, LANGDON. 

He was born in Abbeville Dis- 
trict, South Carolina, in September, 
1776; was admitted to the bar in 
1800 ; elected to the State Legisla- 
ture in 1808; and afterwards At- 



torney-General of the State. He 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1811 to 1816, and was Speaker 
during the second session of the 
Thirteenth Congress. He was also 
Judge of the Court of Common 
Pleas, from 1816 to 1819, and for 
a time President of the United 
States Bank. Resigning this trust, 
he returned to Carolina, and with- 
drew from public life. He died 
June 25, 1857. 

CHILTON, SAMUEL. 

He was born in Yirginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1843 to 1845. 

CHILTON, THOMAS. 

He was a native of Kentucky, and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1827 to 1831, and 
for a second term, from 1833 to 
1835. 

CHILDS, THOMAS, Jr. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative from that 
State during the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress. 

CHILDS, TIMOTHY. 

He was born in Massachusetts ; 
was a member of the Assembly of 
New York in 1828 and 1833 ; an4 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1829 to 1831, 
from 1835 to 1839, and again from 
1841 to 1843. 

CHINN, JOSEPH W. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1831 to 



104 



Biographical Sketches. 



1835, and died at Richmond, De- 
cember 5, 1840. 

CHINN, THOMAS W. 

He was born in Kentucky, and, 
removing to Louisiana, was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from- 
1839 to 1841. 

CHIPMAN, DANIEL. 

Boi^n in 1165 ; graduated at Dart- 
mouth ; was a lawyer by profession, 
and practiced at Ripton, Vermont. 
He was frequently Speaker of the 
House of Representatives of his 
State, and was a member of the 
last Constitutional Convention ; he 
was the first reporter of the de- 
cisions of the Supreme Court, and 
the author of an able work on Law 
Contracts for the Sale of Specific 
Articles, which is highly esteemed 
by the profession. He was a mem- 
ber of Congress, from 1814 to ISlt, 
and died in Ripton, April 23, 1850. 

CHIPMAN, JOHN S. 

He was born in Vermont, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Michigan, from 1845 to 1847. 

CHIPMAN, NATHANIEL. 

Born in Salisbury, Connecticut, 
November 15, 1752; graduated at 
Yale College in 1777 ; and settled 
as a lawyer in Tinmouth, Vermont, 
and was Professor of Law for twen- 
ty-eight years in Middlebury Col- 
lege. In 1786 he was elected a 
Judge of the Supreme Court; in 
1789 he was chosen Chief Justice; 
and in 1791 was appointed Judge 



of the United States District Court. 
He was subsequently again elected 
Chief Justice, and from 1797 to 
1802 he was a member of the Uni- 
ted States Senate. In 1793 he pub- 
lished "Sketches of the Principles 
of Government," and "Reports and 
Dissertations." He died at Tin- 
mouth, February 15, 1843. 

CHIPMAN, WILLIAM W. 

He was a Delegate to Congress, 
from the Territory of Iowa, from 
1839 to 1841. 

CHITTENDEN, MARTIN. 

He was born in 1769, in Salis- 
bury, Connecticut. He was a mem- 
ber of Congress, from Vermont, 
from 1803 to 1813, and Governor 
of Vermont in 1813 and 1814. He 
was a graduate of Dartmouth Col- 
lege in 1789, and died in 1840, 

CHOATE, RUFUS. 

"Was born at Ipswich, Massachu- 
setts, in October, 1799. He gradu- 
ated at Dartmouth College in 1819, 
and was afterwards chosen a tutor 
in that institution, but having se- 
lected the law for his profession, he 
entered the law school at Cambridge. 
He completed his legal studies at 
an office in Salem, and commenced 
the practice of his profession in the 
town of Danvers, in 1824. In 1825 
he was elected a Representative to 
the Massachusetts Legislature, and 
in 1827 he was in the Senate of the 
same State. He took a prominent 
part in the debates, and won much 
reputation by his energy and saga- 



Biographical Sketches. 



105 



city. In 1832 he was elected a 
member of Congress from the Es- 
sex District, but declined a re-elec- 
tion in 1834, and removed to Bos- 
ton, to devote himself to his profes- 
sion. Here he took an eminent 
position at the bar, and soon came 
into an extensive practice. In 1841, 
on the retirement of Mr. Webster 
from the Senate, Mr. Choate viras 
elected to fill the vacancy, but he 
afterwards resigned his seat, and 
gave himself up wholly to his pro- 
fession. He was a Regent of the 
Smithsonian Institution, but holds 
no public office now. 

CHRISMAN, JAMES S. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Repi'esentative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

CHRISTIE, GABRIEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1193 to 
179T, and from 1799 to 1801. 

CHRISTIE, HENRY. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress from Kentucky, from 1809 to 
1811. 

CHURCHWELL, AVILLIAM AV. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1852 to 1855. 

CILLEY, BRADBURY. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1813 to 1814. 



CILLEY, JONATHAN. 

He was born in Maine in 1803 ; 
graduated at Bowdoin College in 
1825; adopted the profession of 
law ; was at one time Speaker of 
the House of Representatives of 
Maine ; and a member of Congress, 
from 1837 to the time of his death. 
He was killed, at the third fire, in a 
duel fought with "William J. Graves, 
at Bladensburg, Maryland, Febru- 
ary 24, 1838, with rifies, at eighty 
yards distance, 

CILLEY, JOSEPH 

He was born in New Hampshire, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1846 
to 1847. 

CLAGETT, CLIFTON. 
He was born in Rockingham 
County, New Hampshire ; was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1803 to 1805 ; and 
again from 1817 to 1821. 

CLAIBORNE, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 1805 to 
1808. 

CLAIBORNE, JOHN F. H. 

Was a native of Natchez, Mis- 
sissippi, educated and licensed as a 
lawyer in Virginia ; was a Repre- 
sentative in the Legislature of Mis- 
sissippi during three sessions, and a 
Repi-esentative in Congress, from 
1835 to 1838 ; has since conducted 
the Natchez Fur Trader, and Lou- 
iaiana Courier, leading journals of 



106 



Biographical Sketches. 



the South, and is editor of an agri- 
cultural journal, published in New 
Orleans. He holds the office of 
United States Timber Agent, for 
the District of Louisiana and Mis- 
sissippi, to which he was appointed 
by President Pierce. He is said 
to be engaged on a historical work 
relating to the Southwest. 

CLAIBORNE, NATHANIEL H. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1825 to 1837. 

CLAIBORNE, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 1193 to 
1799, and again from 1801 to 1805. 

CLAIBORNE, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1811 to 
1819. 

CLAIBORNE, WILLIAM C. C. 

He studied law, and settled in 
Tennessee, of which State he as- 
sisted in forming the Constitution, 
and afterwards represented it in 
Congress, from 1797 to 1801. In 
1801 he was appointed Governor of 
the Mississippi Territory, and in 
1804 of Louisiana, and to that of- 
fice he was also chosen by the peo- 
ple, after the adoption of its Con- 
stitution, from 1812 to 1816. He 
was then elected a Senator of the 
United States, but died before he 
took his seat, at New Orleans, No- 
vember 23, 1817. 



CLAPP, ASA W. H. 

He was born in Maine, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1847 to 1849. 

CLARK, ABRAHAM. 

Born near Elizabethtown, New 
Jersey, February 15, 1726. He 
was a self-made man, and, because 
of his habit of giving legal advice 
gratuitously, he was called the 
"Poor Man's Counsellor." He 
was sheriff, and clerk of the Co- 
lonial Assembly, one of the Dele- 
gates to the Continental Congress, 
and a signer of the Declaration of 
Independence ; and, after the adop- 
tion of the Constitution, was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1791 
to 1794. He died September 15, 
1794, of stroke of the sun. 

CLARK, ARCHIBALD S. 

He was a member of the New 
York Senate for four years, begin- 
ning with 1813, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1816 to 1817. 

CLARK, BAYARD. 
He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative from New 
York, in the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress. 

CLARK, BEVERLY S. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Kentucky, from 1847 to 1849. 

CLARK, CHRISTOPHER. 
He was a Representative in Con- 



Biographical Sketches. 



107 



gress, from Virginia, from 1804 to 
1806. 

CLARK, DANIEL. 

Born in Stratham, Rockingham 
County, New Hampshire, October 
24, 1809 ; graduated at Dartmouth 
College in 1834; is a lawyer by pro- 
fession ; was a member of the House 
of Representatives of New Hamp- 
shire, in 1842, 1843, and 1846, and 
again in 1854 and 1855. In 185t 
he was chosen a Senator in Con- 
gress, and is a member of the 
Committees on Claims and Public 
Buildings and Grounds. 

CLARK, EZRA, Jr. 

He was born in Vermont, and 
having removed to Connecticut, 
was elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-fourth Congress, and re- 
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Elections. 

CLARK, FRANKLIN. 

He was born in Maine, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1847 to 1849. 

CLARK, HORACE F. 

He was born in Southbury, New 
Haven County, Connecticut ; gra- 
duated at Williams College, Massa- 
chusetts ; adopted the law as a 
profession ; and is a member of the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from New 
York, serving as a member of the 
Committee on the Judiciary. He 
has also been re-elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress. 



CLARK, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1813 to 
1816, and again from 1825 to 1831, 
and was Governor of the State in 
1836. He died at Frankfort, Ken- 
tucky, August 21, 1839. 

CLARK, JAMES W. 

Born in Bertie County, North 
Carolina ; graduated at Princeton 
College in 1196; was for several 
years in the House of Commons; 
a Presidential Elector in 1812; 
three years a member of the State 
Senate ; and a Representative in 
Congress, from 1815 to 1817. He' 
was in 1828 appointed Chief Clerk 
of the Navy Department, and died 
in the sixty-fifth year of his age. 

CLARK, JOHN B. 

Born in Madison County, Ken- 
tucky, April 17, 1802. A lawyer 
by profession ; removed to Mis- 
souri, and was appointed Clerk of 
Howard County Court, in 1824, 
serving till 1834. In 1832 com- 
manded a regiment of mounted 
militia during the Black Hawk 
war, and made major-general of 
militia in 1848 ; elected to the 
Legislature during the session of 
1850-51 ; was chosen, by the State, 
as commanding oflScer to expel the 
Mormons from Missouri, and is a 
member of the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee 
on Territories. He has been re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress. 



108 



Biographical Sketches. 



CLARK, LINCOLN. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and, on removing to Iowa, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1853. 

CLARK, LOT. 

He was born in 'New York, was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1823 to 1825, when he was ap- 
pointed Postmaster at Norwich, 
New York ; and was a member of 
the New York Assembly in 1846. 

CLARK, M. S. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, during 
the years 1820 and 1821. 

CLARK, ROBERT. 

He was born in Washington 
County, New York, was a member 
of the Assembly of that State, from 
1812 to 1815; a Representative in 
Congress, from 1819 to 1821 ; and 
a delegate to the State Constitu- 
tional Convention held in the latter 
year. 

CLARK, SAMUEL. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1833 to 1835. 

CLARK, SAMUEL. 

He was born in New York, and, 
on removing to Michigan, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1853 to 
1855. 



CLARK, WILLIAM. 

He was for some time, prior to 
1828, State Treasurer of Pennsyl- 
vania. In 1828 was appointed 
Treasurer of the United States, and 
held the office for one year. From 
1833 to 183*7 he was a member of 
the House of Representatives in 
Congress. He died in Dauphin 
County, Pennsylvania, April 28, 
1851. 

CLARKE, BAYARD. 

Born in New York City, March 
11, 1815 ; educated at Geneva Col- 
lege, and studied law. In 1836 he 
was Attache and Secretary to Gene- 
ral Cass's Embassy to France, and 
continued in that position four 
years. He then took a course of 
study at the Royal School of Ca- 
valry, in France, and afterwards 
served in the 2d Regiment of dra- 
goons, through the Florida war. 
He resigned in 1843, and settled at 
Westchester, New York, which Dis- 
trict he represented in the Thirty- 
fourth Congress. 

CLARKE, CHARLES E. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1849 to 1851. 
In 1839 and 1840 he was a mem- 
ber of the New York Assembly, 
from Jefferson County. 

CLARKE, DANIEL. 

He was a Delegate to Congress, 
from the Territory of Orleans or 
Louisiana, from 1806 to 1809. 



Biographical Sketches. 



109 



CLARKE, HENRY S. 

Born in Beaufort County, North 
Carolina. He studied law ; went 
into the State Legislature in 1834; 
was Solicitor for the State in 1842; 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from North Carolina, from 1845 to 
1847. 

CLARKE, JOHN C. 

He was born in Connecticut; 
served in the Assembly of New 
York in 1826 ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1821 to 1829, and again 
from 183t to 1843. 

CLARKE, JOHN H. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Rhode Island, from 1847 to 
1858. 

CLARKE, STALEY N. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1841 
to 1843. 

CLAWSON, ISAIAH D. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
was elected a Representative from 
that State to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress, and re-elected to the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, serving as a member 
of the Committee on Revolutionary 
Claims. 

CLAY, CLEMENT C. 

He was born in Halifax County, 
A^rginia, December 17, 1789 ; gra- 
duated at the University of East 
Tennessee; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1809; and 



removed to Huntsville, Alabama, in 
1811, where he has resided ever 
since. During the Creek war, he 
saw some service as a soldier. He 
practiced his profession until 1817, 
when he was elected a member of 
the Territorial Council of Alabama; 
in 1819 he was chosen one of the 
Judges of the Circuit Court ; in 
1820 was chosen Chief Justice of 
that Court, and resigned in 1823 ; 
in 1828 he was elected to the State 
Legislature, and was made Speaker; 
he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Alabama, from 1827 to 
1835; in 1835 he was elected Go- 
vernor of Alabama, serving two 
years; and in 1837 he was elected 
a Senator in Congress for the terra 
ending in 1842. 

CLAY, CLEMENT C, Jr. 

He was born in Madison, Ala- 
bama, about the year 1819; gra- 
duated at the University of Ala- 
bama, and spent two years at the 
University of Virginia ; studied law 
and commenced the practice at 
Huntsville, Alabama, in 1840; 
served in the Legislature of Ala- 
bama in 1842, 1844, and 1845 ; and 
was elected by the Legislature, in 
1846, Judge of the Madison County 
Court, serving two years, when he 
resigned. In 1853 he was elected 
a Senator in Congress, from Ala- 
bama, and in 1857 was re-elected 
for the term of six years, receiving 
every vote in the Legislature. He 
is Chairman of the Committee on 
Commerce and a member of the 
Committee on Pensions, 



110 



BlOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



CLAY, HENRY. 
Born in Hanover County, Vir- 
ginia, April 12, 111^. Having re- 
ceived a common school education, 
he became at an early age, a copy- 
ist in the office of the clerk of the 
Court of Chancery, at Richmond. 
At nineteen he commenced the study 
of law, and shortly afterwards re- 
moved to Lexington, Kentucky, 
where he was admitted to the bar 
in 1199, and soon obtained exten- 
sive practice. He began his political 
career, by taking an active part in 
the election of delegates to frame 
a new constitution for the State of 
Kentucky. In 1803 he was elected 
to the Legislature by the citizens of 
Fayette County; and in 1806 he 
was appointed to the United States 
Senate for the remainder of the 
term of General Adair, who had 
resigned. In 180t he was again 
elected a member of the General 
Assembly of Kentucky, and was 
chosen Speaker. In the following 
year occurred his duel with Hum- 
phrey Marshall. In 1809 he was 
again elected to the United States 
Senate for the unexpired term of 
Mr. Thurston, resigned. In 1811 
he was elected a member of the 
House of Representatives, and was 
chosen Speaker, on the first day of 
his appearance in that body, and 
was five times re-elected to this of- 
fice. During this session, his elo- 
quence aroused the country to resist 
the aggressions of Great Britain, 
and awakened a national spirit. In 
1814, he was appointed one of the 
Commissioners to negotiate a treaty 



of peace at Ghent. Returning 
from this mission, he was re-elected 
to Congress, and in 1818, he spoke 
in favor of recognizing the inde- 
pendence of the South American 
Republics. In the same year, he 
put forth his strength in behalf of 
a national system of internal im- 
provements. A monument of stone, 
inscribed with his name, was erected 
on the Cumberland road, to com- 
memorate his services in behalf of 
that improvement. In the session 
of 1819-20, he exerted himself for 
the establishment of protection to 
American industry, and this was 
followed by services in adjusting 
the Missouri Compromise. After 
the settlement of these questions, 
he withdrew from Congress, in order 
to attend to his private affairs. In 
1823 he returned to Congress and 
was re-elected Speaker ; and at this 
session he exerted himself in sup- 
port of the independence of Greece. 
Under John Quincy Adams, he 
filled the office of Secretary of State ; 
the attack upon Mr. Adams's ad- 
ministration, and especially upon 
the Secretary of State, by John 
Randolph, led to a hostile meet- 
ing between him and Mr. Clay, 
which terminated without blood- 
shed. In 1829 he returned to Ken- 
tucky; and in 1831 was elected to 
the United States Senate, where he 
commenced his labors in favor of 
the Tariff; in the same month of 
his reappearance in the Senate, he 
was unanimously nominated for Pre- 
sident of the United States. In 
1836 he was re-elected to the Se- 



Biographical Sketches. 



Ill 



nate, where he remained until 1842, 
when he resigned, and took his final 
leave, as he supposed, of that body. 
In 1839 he was again nominated 
for the Presidency, but General 
Harrison was selected as the can- 
didate. He also received the nomi- 
nation, in 1844, for President, and 
was defeated in this election by Mr. 
Polk. He remained in retirement 
in Kentucky, until 1849, when he 
was re-elected to the Senate of the 
United States. Here he devoted 
all his energies to the measures 
known as the Compromise Acts. 
His efforts during this session 
weakened his strength, and he went 
for his health to Havana and New 
Orleans, but with no permanent 
advantage ; he returned to Wash- 
ington, but was unable to partici- 
pate in the active duties of the 
Senate, and resigned his seat, to 
take effect upon the 6th of Septem- 
ber, 1852. He died in Washington 
City, June 29, 1852. He was in- 
terested in the success of the Co- 
lonization Society, and was for a 
long time one of its most efficient 
officers, and also its president. His 
Life and Letters, and also his 
Speeches, were published in several 
volumes by tlie late Calvin Colton. 

CLAY, .JAMES B. 

Born in Washington City, No- 
vember 9, 181*7. He received his 
classical education at Transylvania 
University in Kentucky, and at the 
age of fifteen went to Boston, where 
he spent two years in a counting- 
house. From Boston he emigrated 



to St. Louis, Missouri, then a city 
of only eight thousand, and settled 
upon a farm ; and when twenty-one 
years of age, he returned to Ken- 
tucky. After spending two years 
in the manufacturing business, he 
graduated at the Law School of 
Lexington, and practiced law as the 
partner of his father, the Honorable 
Henry Clay, until 1849; and dur- 
ing that year President Taylor ap- 
pointed him Charge d'Affaires to 
Lisbon ; and having returned home 
by order of the Government, he was 
mentioned by name in President 
Fillmore's Message of 1850. In 
1851 he again took up his residence 
in Missouri, but returned to Ken- 
tucky in 1853, when he became the 
proprietor of Ashland. He was 
elected to Congress in 1857, and 
still continues a member, serving 
on the Committee on Foreign Re- 
lations. 

CLAY, JOSEPH. 

He graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1T84 ; was a Representative 
in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1803 to 1808; and died in 
1811. 

CLAY, MATTHEW. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 17 91 to 
1813. 

CLAYTON, AUGUSTIN S. 

Born in Fredericksburg, Virginia, 

November 27, 1783, and died at his 

residence, in Athens, Georgia, June 

21, 1839. He was educated at the 



112 



Biographical Sketches. 



University of Georgia ; read law, 
and practiced it with eminent suc- 
cess; served in tlie State Legisla- 
ture ; was appointed Judge of the 
Superior Court ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1831 to 
1835. He was for many years 
skeptical on the subject of the 
Christian religion, but at the time 
of his death was a sincere believer, 
and a member of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church. He acquired 
some distinction as a politician, 
and the political pamphlet called 
" Crockett's Life of Yan Buren," is 
said to have been the production of 
his pen. 

CLAYTON, JOHN M. 

Born in Sussex County, Dela- 
ware, July 24, 1796 ; graduated at 
Yale College in 1815 ; was bred to 
the bar, having studied law in the 
office of John Clayton, and for a 
time in the law school at Litchfield, 
Connecticut. He commenced prac- 
tice in 1818, and soon attained emi- 
nence in his profession. He was, 
in 1824, elected to the State Legis- 
lature, and subsequently Secretary 
of State of Delaware ; and in 1829 
was chosen a Senator in Congress. 
He was re-elected in 1835, and re- 
signed in December, 1836. In 
January, 183*7, was appointed Chief 
Justice of Delaware, which office he 
resigned in 1839. He was again 
elected to the Federal Senate in 
1845, and was a Senator until 1849, 
when he became Secretary of State 
under President Taylor, which po- 
sition he occupied until the death 



of Taylor, in July, 1850. During 
this period he negotiated the famous 
Clayton- Bulwer Treaty. He was 
for the third time elected to the Se- 
nate, and took his seat March, 1851, 
and died a Senator, I^ovember 9, 
1856. During his last term in the 
Senate, he vindicated, with marked 
ability, the principles of the treaty 
which he inaugurated. At the bar 
he was a learned lawyer and an elo- 
quent advocate ; and during his 
whole public career acquitted him- 
self uprightly, with dignity, and re- 
cognized ability. He had two sons, 
both of whom preceded him to the 
grave. 

CLAYTON, JOSHUA. 

He was the Governor of Dela- 
ware from 1*793 to 1*796, and was 
chosen a Senator of the United 
States in 1*798, and died the follow- 
ing year. 

CLAYTON, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Delaware, from 1813 to 
1817, and United States Senator 
from 1823 to 1826, and again from 
1837 to 1847. He had been at dif- 
ferent periods a member of the 
Delaware Legislature, Chief Justice 
of the Court of Common Pleas, and 
of the Superior Court. He died in 
Newcastle, Delaware, August 21, 
1854, aged seventy-six years. 

CLEAVELAND, J. F. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Georgia, from 1838 to 
1839, but subsequently removed to 



Biographical Sketches. 



113 



Charleston, where he became a mer- 
chant, and died May 19, 1841. 

CLEMENS, JEREMIAH. 

He was born in Huntsville, Ala- 
bama, December 28, 1814, and was 
educated at La Grange College, and 
the University of Alabama. He 
studied law at the University of 
Transylvania, in Kentucky, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1834. In 
1838 he was appointed United 
States Attorney for the Northern 
District of Alabama; in 1839, 1840, 
and 1841 he was elected to the 
State Legislature; in 1842 raised a 
company of volunteer troops, and 
went to Texas, having been ap- 
pointed lieutenant-colonel, and sub- 
sequently, to the same office in 
the regular army; in 1843 and 
1844 he was again elected to the 
Legislature; in 1844 served as a 
Presidential Elector; in 1848 was 
appointed Governor of the Civil 
and Military Department of Pur- 
chase in Mexico, which position he 
held until the close of the war ; and 
he was a Senator in Congress, from 
Alabama, from 1849 to 1853. He 
was also a Presidential Elector in 
1856. As an author Mr. Clemens 
has published two novels, entitled 
"Bernard Lile" and "Mustang- 
Gray," the first in 1853, and the 
last in 1857. He is now an editor. 

CLEMENS, SHERRARD. 

Born at Wheeling, Virginia, 
April 28, 1826 ; graduated at Wash- 
ington College, Pennsylvania; a law- 
yer by profession, and during politi- 



cal campaigns has held several confi- 
dential positions in his native State; 
and was elected a member of Con- 
gress, from December, 1852, to 
March, 1853, and elected to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the 
Committees on Manufactures and 
Revolutionary Pensions. 

CLENDENEN, DAVID. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1815 to 
1817. 

CLEVELAND, CHAUNCEY F. 

Born in Hampton, Connecticut, 
in 1199 ; was educated in the com- 
mon schools of that vicinity ; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1819 ; he was in the Connecticut 
Legislature in 1826, 1827, 1828, 

1829, 1832, 1835, 1836, 1838, 
1847, and 1848, and twice elected 
Speaker ; he was appointed Attor- 
ney for the State in 1832; and was 
Governor of Connecticut in 1842 
and 1843. He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1849 to 1853. 

CLIFFORD, NATHAN. 

He was born in Rumney, Grafton 
County, New Hamsphire, August 
18, 1803. He fitted for College at 
the Haverhill Academy, and com- 
pleted his education at the Hamp- 
ton Literary Institution. He stu- 
died law, and, after being admitted 
to the bar, removed to Maine in 
1827. He was elected to the Le- 
gislature, from York County, in 

1830, and re-elected for three years, 
during the last two occupying the 



114 



BioanAPHiCAL Sketches. 



post of Speaker. In 1834 lie was 
appointed Attorney-General for the 
State of Maine, which office he held 
four years ; and he was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress from 1839 to 
1843. In 1846 he was appointed, 
by President Polk, Attorney- Gene- 
ral of the United States, which 
office he held until March, 184Y, 
when he was appointed Commis- 
sioner to Mexico. When peace 
was declared between this country 
and Mexico, he was appointed Min- 
ister to that Republic ; on his return 
to the United States he settled in 
Portland, devoting himself to his 
profession ; and in 1858 was ap- 
pointed, by President Buchanan, an 
Associate Justice of the Supreme 
Court of the United States. 



CLINCH, DUNCAN L. 

Was a general in the United 
States army; and from 1843 to 
1845 a Representative in Congress 
from Georgia. He was a brave 
soldier and noble-hearted man. 
Died at Macon, Georgia, October 
28, 1849. 

CLINGMAN, THOMAS L. 

Born in Huntsville, Surry Co., 
ISTorth Carolina. He commenced 
his classical studies under private 
instructors, and afterwards entered 
Chapel Hill University as a sopho- 
more, where he graduated. After 
leaving Chapel Hill he studied law, 
and in a short time mastered the 
elementary principles of legal juris- 



prudence ; but just as he was about 
to enter upon the practice of his 
profession, he was elected to the 
House of Commons of the State. 
On his retirement from the Legis- 
lature in 1836, he removed to Ash- 
ville, in Buncombe County, where 
he still resides. He was soon after 
elected by a large vote to a seat in 
the State Senate of North Caro- 
lina. In 1843 he was elected to 
Congress, and with the exception 
of one term, he has been a member, 
until recently, of the House of Re- 
presentatives ever since his first 
election — a period of about thirteen 
years. On entering the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, he was appointed 
Chairman of the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs, and on the resig- 
nation of Senator Biggs, he was 
appointed a Senator in Congress, 
and in November, 1858, his appoint- 
ment was confirmed by an election 
by the Legislature. Though so 
long, identified with politics, he has 
not neglected the pursuits of litera- 
ture and science, having made him- 
self acquainted with the soil, cli- 
mate, and manifold capabilities of 
his section of North Carolina; and 
from time to time has given to the 
world the result of his observations 
upon these subjects. He has made 
contributions to the sciences of ge- 
ology and mineralogy, and brought 
to light many facts connected with 
the mountains of North Carolina, 
one of the highest peaks of which 
it was his fortune to explore and 
measure, and which now bears his 
name. 



Biographical Sketches, 



115 



CLINTON, DE WITT. 

Born at Little Britain, in Orange 
County, New York, March 2, 1769. 
He graduated at Columbia College, 
with the highest honors, in 1186. 
He studied law, but never engaged 
much in its practice. He was elect- 
ed to the Senate of New York in 
1199. In July 1802 he fought a 
duel with Mi'. Swartwout, arising 
from political controversy concern- 
ing Mr. Burr. He was a Senator 
of the Tnited States from 1802 to 
1803, and was chosen Mayor of 
New York in 1803, holding this 
office until 1815, excepting the years 
1807 and 1810. While he was 
Mayor, he was also for several years 
a State Senator, and the lieutenant- 
governor. Under his auspices, also, 
the Historical Society of New York 
and the Academy of Fine Arts were 
incorporated, the New York City 
Hall was founded, the Orphan Asy- 
lum established, and the city forti- 
fied. He took a great interest, as 
early as 1817, in, and did more than 
any other man in behalf of, the Erie 
Canal, and that great work was 
finished during his administration 
as Governor, in 1825. In 1812 he 
consented to become the candidate 
of the peace party for the Presi- 
dency of the United States. In 
1823 and 1824 he was President of 
the Board of Canal Commissioners, 
and during the latter year was elect- 
ed Governor of the State, and in 
1826 was re-elected to the same 
office ; he afterwads declined the 
embassy to England, offered to him 



by President Adams. He died at 
Albany, February, 11, 1828. 

CLINTON, GEORGE. 

Born in Ulster County, New 
York, July 26, 1739, and died at 
Washington City, April 20, 1812. 
He commenced life by sailing in a 
privateer ; served as a lieutenant in 
the expedition against Fort Fron- 
tenac ; he afterwards studied law ; 
was a member of the Colonial As- 
sembly, and also of the Provincial 
Congress in 1775 ; he was appoint- 
ed a brigadier-general in 1777 ; was 
Governor of New York for eighteen 
years; from 1795 to 1800 he lived 
in retirement ; was again chosen 
Governor in 1804; and having been 
elected Yice-President of the United 
States during the last year, he re- 
tained the office until his death, 
consequently officiating as President 
of the Senate a period of eight years. 

CLINTON, GEORGE, Jk. 

He was born in New York ; was 
a member of the New York As- 
sembly in 1801 and 1802; and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1804 to 1809. 

CLINTON, JAMES G. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1841 to 1845. 

CLOPTON, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1795 to 
1799, and again from 1801 to 1816. 



116 



Biographical Sketches. 



CLOWNEY, W. K. 

He was born in South Carolina ; 
graduated at the South Carolina 
College in 1818 ; adopted the pro- 
fession of law ; was Commissioner 
in Equity of South Carolina ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 1835, 
and again from 183T to 1839. 



CLYMER, GEORGE. 

He was a patriot of the Revolu- 
tion, and born in Philadelphia in 
1739. He engaged in mercantile 
pursuits, and early espoused the 
cause of his country. In 1173 he 
resolutely opposed the sale of tea 
sent out by the British government, 
and not a pound was sold in Phila- 
delphia. In 1775 he was one of 
the first Continental Treasurers. 
In 1776 he was a member of Con- 
gress, and signed the Declaration 
of Independence. In 1774 his fur- 
niture was destroyed by the enemy. 
In 1780 he co-operated with Robert 
Morris in the establishment of a 
bank for the relief of the country. 
He was a member of the old Con- 
gress in 1780, and a Representative, 
under the Constitution, from 1789 
to 1791. In 1791 he was placed 
at the head of the Excise Depart- 
ment in Pennsylvania. In 1796 he 
was sent to Georgia to negotiate a 
treaty with the Creek and Chero- 
kee Indians. He was afterwards 
President of the Philadelphia Bank 
and of the Academy of Fine Arts. 
He died at Morrisville, Bucks Coun- 
ty, January 23, 1813. 



COBB, DAVID. 

He graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1783 ; was a Representative 
in Congress from Massachusetts, 
from 1793 to 1795 ; and was also a 
member of the State Legislature. 
He died in 1830. 

COBB, HOWELL. 

The uncle of Secretary Cobb, and 
for whom he was named, was born 
in Granville, IsTorth Carolina, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Georgia, from 1807 to 1812. 
During the last war with England 
he served with credit as a captain 
in the army, and after peace was 
declared, he settled upon a planta- 
tion, and devoted his whole atten- 
tion to agriculture. He died about 
the year 1820. 

COBB, HOWELL. 

He was born in Jefferson County, 
Georgia, September 7, 1815. When 
a child, his father removed to Athens, 
Georgia, where he has since resided. 
He graduated at Franklin College 
in 1834 ; he studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1836 ; in 
1837 he received the appointment 
of Solicitor-General of the Western 
Circuit, which he held four years ; 
and he was elected a Representative 
in Congress in 1842, having been 
re-elected in 1844, 1846, and 1848, 
and during his latter term he was 
elected Speaker. On his retire- 
ment from Congress, he was chosen 
Governor of Georgia; in 1855 he 
was again elected to Congress; and 
on the accession of Mr. Buchanan 



Biographical Sketches. 



117 



to the Presidency, Governor Cobb 
went into his cabinet as Secretary 
of the Treasury, where he still con- 
tinues. 

COBB, THOMAS W. 

He was born in Buckingham 
County, Virginia, and attained a 
high position as a lawyer. He was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Georgia, from 1811 to 1821, and 
again from 1823 to 1824 ; and he 
was a Senator in Congress from 
1824 to 1828. He was subse- 
quently chosen a Judge of the Su- 
perior Court, and died at Greens- 
borough in 1830. 

COBB, WILLIAMSON, R. W. 

He was born in Ray County, 
Tennessee, in 1807, and in 1809 his 
father removed to Madison County, 
Alabama, with the^ prosperity of 
which State his name has been 
identified for many years. He re- 
ceived a good common school edu- 
cation, and then turned his attention 
to farming. From this pursuit he 
was called, in 1845, to a seat in the 
State Legislature, where he re- 
mained two years. In 1841 he was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Alabama, in which ca- 
pacity he has served his adopted 
State, by successive re-elections, 
down to the present time. During 
eight years of his Congressional ca- 
reer, he has officiated as Chairman 
of the Committee on Unfinished 
Business, and the balance of the 
time as Chairman of the Committee 



on Public Lands. The credit is 
awarded to him of having engi- 
neered through Congress the Boun- 
ty Land Bill of 1850, and the Gra- 
duation Bill of 1854. 



COCHRAN, JOHN. 

He was a major of militia, and 
represented the State of New York 
in Congress, from 1191 to 1199. 
He died at Oswego, New York, 
November 1, 1848, aged seventy- 
nine years. 

COCHRANE, C. B. 

Born in NewBoston, New Hamp- 
shire, May 31, 1815; graduated at 
Union College, Schenectady, New 
York ; a lawyer by profession ; 
member of the New York Legisla- 
ture in 1843 and 1844 ; and a Re- 
presentative in the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, from New York, serving on 
the Committee on Expenditures in 
the War Department. He has also 
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress. 

COCHRANE, JOHN. 

Born at Palatine, Montgomery 
County, New York ; studied at 
Union and graduated at Hamilton 
College, New York ; is a lawyer by 
profession ; was Surveyor of the port 
of New York for four years, and 
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress. 
He is the Chairman of the Commit- 
tee on Commerce. He has also 
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress. 



118 



Biographical Sketches. 



COCKE, JOHN. 

He was born in Brunswick Coun- 
ty, Yirginia, in 1^12; in early life 
he emigrated to Tennessee, adopted 
the profession of law, and became a 
member of the first Legislature of 
the State, in 1*196 ; he was Speaker 
of the House for many years, and 
also a member of the Senate. From 
1819 to 1821 he was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from his adopted 
State. He died in Grundy County, 
Tennessee, February 16, 1854. 

COCKE, WILLIAM. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1796 to 1797, 
and again from 1799 to 1805, and 
was appointed in 1814, by President 
Madison, Indian Agent for the 
Chickasaw nation. 

COCKE, WILLIAM M. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1845 to 1847, 
and for a second term, ending in 
1849. 

COCKERELL, JOSEPH R. 

He was born in Yirginia, and, 
having removed to Ohio, was elected 
a Representative to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, and is a member of the 
Committees on Public Expenditures 
and Expenses in the War Depart- 
ment. 

COCKRAN, JAMES. 

A Representative in Congress, 
from North Carolina, from 1809 to 
1813. 



COFFEE, JOHN. 

He was a member of Congress, 
from Georgia, from 1833 to 1837, 
and died in Telfair County, of that 
State, September 25, 1836. 

COFFIN, CHARLES G. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1838 to 
1839. 

COFFIN, PELEG. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1793 to 1795. 

COIT, JOSHUA. 

Born in New London, Conn., Oc- 
tober 7, 1758 ; graduated at Har- 
vard University in 1776 ; he studied 
law and settled in New London in 
1779; and he was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1793 to 1798. 
He also served a number of years 
in the Legislature of Connecticut. 
Died in New London, September 
5, 1798, of yellow fever. 

COKE, RICHARD. 

He was a lawyer by profession, 
and possessed talents of a high 
order, and an energy seldom equal- 
ed. He was a Representative in 
Congress, from Yirginia, from 1829 
to 1833, and for many years a pro- 
minent member of the bar. He died 
in Abingdon, Yirginia, March 30, 
1851. 

COLCOCK, WILLIAM F. 

He was born in South Carolina; 
graduated at the South Carolina 



Biographical Sketches. 



119 



College in 1823; adopted the pro- 
fession of law; was a member of the 
State Legislature, and Speaker of 
the House ; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from South Caro- 
lina, from 1849 to 1853. 

GOLDEN, CAUWALLADER D. 

He was for many years a promi- 
nent member of the New York bar ; 
at one time Mayor of New York ; 
and a member of Congress, from 
1821 to 1823. He was an early 
and intimate friend of Robert Ful- 
ton, and wrote his biography ; he 
was highly respected for his talents 
and virtues, and died in Jersey City, 
New Jersey, January T, 1834, aged 
sixty-five years. 

COLE, ORSAMUS. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Wisconsin, from 1849 to 1851. 

COLEMAN, NICHOLAS D. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1829 to 
1831, and was in that year ap- 
pointed Postmaster at Maysville, 
Kentucky. 

COLES, ISAAC. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1789 to 
1191, and again from 1193 to 1191. 

COLES, WALTER. 

He was born in Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1835 to 1845. 



COLFAX, SCHUYLER. 

Born in New York City, March 
23, 1823; received a good Common 
School education; was bred a 
printer; and settled in Indiana in 
1836. He has been the editor and 
publisher of the South Bend Regis- 
ter ever since he became of age ; he 
was a member, in 1850, of the State 
Constitutional Convention ; in 1848 
and 1852 he was a delegate to the 
Whig National Convention of those 
years, and the Secretary of each 
Convention; and, in 1854, he was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Indiana, where he still 
continues, serving on the Committee 
on Indian Affairs. He has also 
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress. 

COLLAMER, JACOB. 

Born in Troy, New York, in 
1192, but removed with his father 
to Burlington, Vermont, when a 
child. He graduated at the Uni- 
versity of Vermont in 1810 ; served 
as a subaltern during the first cam- 
paign of the last war with England ; 
studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1813, and practiced until 
1833, during which time he was for 
several years a member of the State 
Legislature ; and Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of Vermont, from 183'3 
tol841. In 1843 was a Representa- 
tive to Congress, served by re-elec- 
tions till 1849; and in March of 
that year was appointed Postmas- 
ter-General in the cabinet of Pre- 
sident Taylor. Resigned in 1850, 
with the rest of the cabinet, after 



120 



Biographical Sketches. 



the death of the President ; was re- 
appointed Judge in Vermont, which 
office he held until 1854, when he 
was elected to the United States 
Senate for six years, commencing 
March, 1855. He is a member of 
the Committee on Territories, and- 
that on the Judiciary. 

COLLIER, JOHN A. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1831 
to 1838. 

COLLIN, JOHN F. 

Born in Hillsdale, Columbia 
County, New York, April 30, 1802. 
He received a common school edu- 
cation, and has devoted himself 
chiefly to agricultural pursuits. He 
served in the State Legislature in 
1834, was a member, for some years, 
of the County Board of Supervisors, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1845 
to 1847 

COLLINS, ELA. 

He commanded a regiment of 
militia near SacketlTHarbor, New 
York, in 1814 ; he represented 
Lewis County in the Legislature of 
the State, and in 1821 was a mem- 
ber of the State Const^tional Con- 
vention ; he was in Congress, from 
1823 to 1825 ; and died at Lowville, 
Lewis County, November 23, 1848. 

COLLINS, JOHN. 

Governor of Rhode Island, from 
1186 to 1189, succeeding William 
G-reene. He was a patriot of the 



Revolution, and a Representative in 
Congress in 1189. He died at New- 
port, in March, 1195, aged seventy- 
eight. 

COLLINS, WILLIAM. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1849. 

COLQUIT, ALFRED H. 

He was a native of Georgia, and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

COLQUITT, W. T. 

He was born in Halifax County, 
Yirginia, December 21, 1199; was 
educated at Princeton College, and 
admitted to the bar in 1820. He 
was a brigadier-general of militia at 
the age of twenty-one ; in 1826 was 
appointed a District Judge, and 
held the first court ever held in Co- 
lumbus ; was appointed to the same 
office in 1829 ; was a member of the 
State Senate in 1834 and 1831; 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Georgia, from 1839 to 1843; and 
a Senator in Congress, from 1843 
to 1849. He was also a member of 
the Nashville Convention in 1850; 
and he died at Macon, Georgia, 
May 1, 1855. 

COLSTON, EDWARD. 

Born in Berkely County, Virginia, 
in 1188, and graduated at Prince- 
ton College in 1806. He served 
for a long time as magistrate of the 
county, and in the capacity of high 
sheriff; was frequently a member of 
the State Legislature ; and was a 



Biographical Sketches. 



121 



Representative in Congress, from 
1817 to 1819. He died April 23, 
1851. 



COMEGYS, JOSEPH P. 

Son of Cornelius P. Comegys, 
formerly Governor of the State of 
Delaware, was born in St. Jones's 
Neck, at Cherbourg, near Dover, 
Delaware, December 29, 1813 ; was 
educated at Dover Academy. lu 
May, 1831, entered the office of J. 
M. Clayton as a student of law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1835. 
Elected a member of the House of 
Representatives of the State in 1842 
and 1848. In January, 1851, was 
appointed by the General Assembly 
one of a committee of three to revise 
the statutes of the State. In No- 
vember, 1856, was chosen by the 
Governor to fill the vacancy in the 
United States Senate occasioned 
by the death of John M. Clayton. 



COMINS, LINUS B. 

Born in Charlton, Massachusetts, 
in 1817; graduated at the "Wor- 
cester County Manual Labor High 
School;" and has devoted himself 
to the mercantile business, and to 
manufacturing. He was of the Rox- 
bury City Council in 1846, and in 
1847 and 1848 President of the 
Council ; in 1854 he was Mayor of 
Roxbury ; and having been, soon 
after, elected to Congress, has con- 
tinued in that position to the pre- 
sent time, serving on the Committee 
on Commerce. 



COMSTOCK, OLIVER C. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly in 1810 and 1812, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1818 to 1819. 

CONDIT, JOHN. 

He was born in 1755 ; was a sol- 
dier and surgeon during the revo- 
lutionary war; he was a member of 
the New Jersey Legislature for 
several years ; a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1799 to 1803; a Senator in Con- 
gress, from 1803 to 1817 ; and 
again a Representative during the 
years 1819 and 1820. He died 
May 4, 1834. 

CONDIT, LEWIS. 

Born at Morristown, New Jer- 
sey, in March, 1773, and was a phy- 
sician of eminence. From 1805 to 
1810, he was a member of the New 
Jersey Legislature, the two latter 
years officiating as Speaker ; in 
1807 was a Commissioner for set- 
tling the boundary between New 
York and Nfew Jersey ; and he was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1811 to 1817, and from 1821 to 
1833. He was also at one time 
sheriff of Morris County, and is 
still living, at his birth-place, in 
the enjoyment of a peaceful old 
age. 

CONDIT, SILAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1831 
to 1833. 



122 



Biographical Sketches. 



CONGER, HARMON S. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1841 
to 1851. His native State was 
Connecticut. 

CONGER, JAMES L. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
on removing to Michigan, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1851 to 1853. 

CONKLING, ALFRED. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress from New York, from 1821 to 
1823, and was subsequently ap- 
pointed a Judge of the United 
States District Court for New York. 

CONNER, HENRY W. 

Born in Prince George County, 
Virginia, in August, 1193; edu- 
cated at the University of South 
Carolina, where he graduated in 
1812 ; in 1814 he was aide-de-camp 
to General Jos. Graham in the 
Creek war ; was a Representative 
in Congress, from North Carolina, 
from 1821 to 1841, when he declined 
a re-election; and having in 1848 
seived in the General Assembly, he 
also declined a re-election to that 
office, and retired to private life. 

CONNER, SAMUEL S. 

He graduated at Yale College in 
1806 ; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 1815 
to 1811 ; and died in 1820. 

CONRAD, CHARLES M. 
He was born in Winchester, Yir- 



ginia, and when an infant went with 
his father, first to Mississippi and 
then to Louisiana, where he has 
since resided. In 1828 he was ad- 
mitted to the bar in New Orleans ; 
served a number of years in the 
State Legislature ; was a Senator 
in Congress, in 1842 and 1843; 
was a member of the State Consti- 
tutional Convention in 1844; and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Louisiana, from 1849 to August, 
1850, when he became Secretary of 
War under President Fillmore. 
Since that time he has lived in re- 
tirement. 

CONRAD, FREDERICK. 

He was a Ptepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803 
to 1807. 

CONRAD, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 
to 1815. 

CONSTABLE, ALBERT. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1845 to 184*7. 

CONTEE, BEN.JAMIN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1T89 to 
1791. 

CONWAY, HENRY W. 

He was a Delegate to Congress, 
from the Territory of Arkansas, 
from 1823 to 1829. 



BlOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



123 



COOK, BATES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1831 to 
1833. 

COOK, JOHN B. 

He was born in New York, and 
on taking up his residence in Iowa, 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from 1853 to 1855. 

COOK, ORCHARD. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1805 to 1811. 

COOK, THOMAS B. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1811 
to 1813, and a member of the As- 
sembly of that State, in 1838 and 

1839. 

COOK, ZADOCK. 

Born in 1769; was frequently in 
the Legislature of Georgia ; and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1817 to 1819. His memory is said 
to have been remarkable, as he 
could, after reading a chapter in 
the Bible, repeat the same from be- 
ginning to end. In 1854 he was 
still living. 

COOKE, DANIEL P. 

He was born in Scott County, 
Kentucky, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Illinois, from 
1820 to 1828, and filled with great 
ability the post of Chairman of the 
Committee of Ways and Means. 
By such men as Mr. Calhoun and 
Judge McLean, he was considered 



a man of remarkable talents. He 
died at the age of thirty-two years. 

COOKE, ELENTHEROS. 

Born in Granville, Washington 
County, New York, December 25, 
1787. He received a liberal edu- 
cation, and having studied law, 
practiced it with success both in 
New York and Ohio, until 1830. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1831 to 
1833 ; served for many years in the 
Legislature of that State, before 
and after entering Congress ; and 
though ostensibly living in retire- 
ment, he has been for many years, 
and is still, very frequently called 
upon to address the citizens of Ohio 
on topics of a varied nature, on 
account of his popularity as an 
orator. 

COOPER, JAMES. 

He was born in Frederick Coun- 
ty, Maryland, May 8, 1810; he 
commenced his education at the 
common schools of the county, spent 
some little time at St. Mary's Col- 
lege, and graduated at Washington 
College, Pennsylvania. He studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar 
in Pennsylania, in 1834 ; was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, in 1838, and re-elected 
in 1840; in 1843 he was elected to 
the State Legislature, and re-elected 
in 1844, 1846, and 1848, serving 
in 1847 as Speaker; in 1848 he 
was appointed Attorney-General of 
Pennsylvania, and in 1849 was 
chosen a Senator in Congress, for 



124 



Biographical Sketches. 



the term of six years. During his 
service in Congress his health was 
feeble, so that he could not partici- 
pate in the debates of the Senate, 
to the extent that he desired, and 
on his return to Pennsylvania, he 
settled in Philadelphia, where he is- 
now practicing his profession. 

COOPER, MARK A. 

He was born in Georgia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1839 to 1841, and 
again from 1842 to 1843. 

COOPER, RICHARD M. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1829 
to 1833. 

COOPER, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Delaware, from 1813 to 
1811. 

COOPER, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1795 
to 1191, and again from 1799 to 
1801. 

COOPER, W. R. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1839 
to 1841. 

CORNING, ERASTUS. 

Born in Norwich, Connecticut, 
December 14, 1794. When thir- 
teen years of age he went to Troy, 
New York, and entered the hard- 



ware store of his uncle Benjamin 
Smith, the bulk of whose property 
he subsequently inherited. In 1814 
he removed to Albany, and con- 
tinued in the same business, esta- 
blishing the well-known house, still 
in existence, of Erastus Corning & 
Co. His first public position was 
that of Alderman of the City of 
Albany; from that he was pro- 
moted to Mayor, which ofBce he 
held for three years. He was also 
for several years an influential rail- 
road, bank, and canal company 
president ; for several terms a mem- 
ber of the State Legislature ; and 
was elected a Representative to 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving 
on the Committee on Naval Affairs. 

CORWIN, MOSES B. 

He was born in Bourbon County, 
Kentucky, January 5, 1790; spent 
his boyhood on a farm in Ohio ; re- 
ceived a good education ; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1812. In 1838 and 1839 he was 
elected to the Legislature ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1849 to 1855, serving 
as a member of the Committee on 
the Post-office Department. 

CORWIN, THOMAS. 

Born in Bourbon County, Ken- 
tucky, July 29, 1794. Rising from 
humble life, he became distinguished 
as a lawyer, and was elected, first to 
the Ohio Legislature, and afterwards 
a Representative to Congress, from 
the Warren District, in 1831; he 
continued a member of the House 



Biographical Sketches. 



125 



until 1840, when he was chosen 
Governor of Ohio, in October of 
that year. He was Governor but 
two years, Wilson Shannon suc- 
ceeding him in 1842. The Whigs 
having a majority in the Legisla- 
ture of Ohio, in 1845, elected him 
United States Senator, which office 
he held till his appointment in the 
cabinet, in 1850, as Secretary of 
the Treasury, under President Fill- 
more. He has been long known in 
Congress as an advocate of the 
Whig measures of policy. As a 
stump speaker and before a jury, 
his eloquence is singularly eflTective. 
In October, 1858, he was elected a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Ohio, for the term commencing in 
1859. 

COTTERAL, J. L. T. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Alabama, from 1846 to 
1847. 

COTTMAN, JOSEPH S. 

Born in Somerset County, Mary- 
land, August 16, 1803; received a 
classical education ; admitted to the 
bar in 1826; served in the Mary- 
land Legislature ; was a Presiden- 
tial Elector ; and a member of Con- 
gress, from 1851 to 1853. 

COULTER, RICHARD. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821 
to 1835, and died in Westmoreland 
County, Pennsylvania, April 21, 
1852. 



COVINGTON, LEONARD. 

He was born at Aquasco, Prince 
George County, Maryland, Octo- 
ber 30, 1768. In 1793 he obtained, 
from General Washington, the com- 
mission of lieutenant of dragoons, 
and joined the army under General 
Wayne ; he distinguished himself at 
Fort Recovery and the battle of 
Miami, and was honorably men- 
tioned in the official report of Ge- 
neral Wayne. After the war he 
was promoted to the rank of cap- 
tain, by AVashington, in 1794, and 
retired to the pursuits of agricul- 
ture. He was for many years a 
member of the Legislature of Mary- 
land, and was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, 
from 1805 to 1807. He was ap- 
pointed, by President Jefferson, in 
1809, lieutenant-colonel of a regi- 
ment of cavalry, and in 1810 was in 
command at Fort Adams, on the 
Mississippi, and took possession of 
Baton Rouge, and a portion of 
West Florida. In 1813 he was ^ 
ordered to the Northern frontier, 
and appointed, by President Madi- 
son, brigadier-general. At the bat- 
tle of Williamsburg, he received a 
mortal wound while animating his 
men, and leading them to the 
charge, and died at French Mills, 
November 13, 1813, two days after 
his fall. His remains were re- 
moved to Sackets Harbor, August 
13, 1820, and the place of his 
burial is now known as Mount 
Covington. He had the reputation 
of being one of the best officers in 
the service. 



126 



Biographical Sketches. 



GOVODE, JOHN. 

Born in Westmoreland County, 
Pennsylvania, March 11, 1808; a 
farmer and manufacturer by occu- 
pation ; and extensively engaged in 
the coal business. He was elected 
a member of the Thirty-fourth and 
re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, serving at present on the 
Committee on Public Expenditures. 
He has also been re-elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress. 

COWEN, BENJAMIN S. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1841 to 
1843. 

COWLES, HENRY B. 
Born at Hartford Connecticut, 
March 18, 1198 ; when eleven years 
old he removed to Dutchess County, 
New York, with his father ; and 
graduated at Union College, in 
1816. He studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1819; in 
1826, 1S21, and 1828, he served as 
a member of the New York Legis- 
lature, from Putnam County, and 
during his first term was Chairman 
of the Select Committee raised to 
investigate the "Astor Claim;" 
and he was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 
1829 to 1831. In 1834 he took 
up his residence in the City of New 
York, where he continues in the 
practice of his profession. 

COX, JAMES. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, during the 
years 1809 and 1810. 



COX, ANLEDER M 

He was born in Yirginia, and re- 
moving to Kentucky, was elected a 
Representative, from that State, to 
the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth 
Congresses. 

COX, SAMUEL S. 

He was born in Zanesville, Ohio ; 
graduated at Brown University; 
is a lawyer by profession, and was 
also an editor. He was appointed 
Secretary of Legation to Peru, in 
1855 ; and elected a Representative, 
from Ohio, to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress. He is Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Revolutionary Claims. 
As an author, he published a book 
of foreign travel, called " The Buck- 
eye Abroad," and is an occasional 
lecturer on literary topics. He has 
also been re-elected to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress. 

COX, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1813 
to 1815. 

CRABB, GEORGE W. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Alabama, from 1839 to 1841. 

CRABB, JEREMIAH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from It 95 to 
n96. 

CRAFTS, SAMUEL C. 

He was born in Windham Co., 
Connecticut; and graduated at 
Harvard University in 1190. His 



Biographical Sketches. 



127 



father effected the settlement of 
Craftsbury, Yermont, and upon the 
organization of the town, in 1*792, 
Mr. Samuel C. Crafts was chosen 
Town Clerk, and held the oflSce for 
thirty-seven successive years. He 
was the youngest delegate to the 
Convention for revising the State 
Constitution in 1793. In 1Y96, 
1800, 1801, 1803, and 1805, he was 
elected a member of the House of 
Representatives of the State. From 
1796 to 1815 he was Register of 
Probate for Orleans District. In 
1798 and 1799 he was Clerk of the 
House of Representatives. From 
1809 to 1812, and from 1825 to 
1827, he was a member of the Exe- 
cutive Council. In 1800 he was ap- 
pointed a judge of Orleans County 
Court, and remained such till 1816, 
during the last six years as Chief 
Judge. From 1825 to 1828 he was 
again Chief Judge, and from 1836 
to 1838 Clerk of the Court. In 
1816 he was elected Representative 
to Congress, and served for that 
and the three succeeding terms ; 
i.e. from 1817 to 1825, inclusive. 
In 1828 he was elected Governor 
of Yermont, and was re-elected in 
1829 and 1830. In 1829 he was 
President of the Constitutional Con- 
vention. In 1812 he was appointed 
by Governor Paine, and afterwards 
elected by the Legislature, a Sena- 
tor in Congress, for the unexpired 
term of one year. He thus filled 
every office in the gift of Yermont. 
He died in Craftsbury, Yermont, 
November 19, 1853, aged eighty- 
four years. 



CRAGIN, AARON H. 

Born in Weston, Yermont, Feb- 
ruary 3, 1821. He is a lawyer by 
profession ; was a member of the 
New Hampshire Legislature from 
1852 to 1855, and was elected a Re- 
presentative, from that State, to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Revolutionary 
Claims. 

CRAIG, HECTOR. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1823 
to 1825, and again from 1829 to 
1830. 

CRAIG, JAMES. 

Born in Pennsylvania ; is a law- 
yer by profession ; and was a mem- 
ber of the Missouri Legislature in 
1846 and 1847 ; was captain of a 
volunteer company in the Mexican 
war ; Circuit Attorney for the 
Twelfth Judicial Circuit in Mis- 
souri, from 1852 to 1856 ; and is a 
Representative in the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, serving on the Commit- 
tee on Post-offices and Post-roads. 
He has also been re-elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress. 

CRAIG, ROBERT. 

He was born in Yirginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1829 to 1833, 
and again from 1835 to 1841. 

CRAIGE, BURTON. 

Born in Rowan County, North 
Carolina, March 13, 1811 ; gradu- 



128 



Biographical Sketches. 



ated at Chapel Hill in 1829; is a 
lawyer by profession ; was a member 
of the State Legislature in 1832 
and 1834 ; and was elected to 
the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and 
Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving at 
the present time as a member of the- 
Judiciary Committee. 

CRAIK, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1796 to 
1801. 

CRAMER, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1883 
to 183t ; having been elected to the 
State Constitutional Convention in 
1821, and having served three years 
in the Assembly, and three years in 
the Senate of the State of New 
York. 

CRANE, JOSEPH H. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1829 to 
183^7, and died at Dayton, Ohio, 
November 12, 1851, aged seventy 
years. 

CRANSTON, HENRY Y. 
Born in Newport, Rhode Is- 
land, October 9, It 89; received a 
limited education ; worked at a 
trade for five years from the age of 
twelve, then commenced the busi- 
ness of commission merchant ; stu- 
died law, and was admitted to the 
bar in three years. In 1818 he was 
elected Clerk of the Court of Com- 
mon Pleas, and held the office until 



1833 ; he was for twenty-five years 
annually elected Moderator for the 
town of Newport ; was a member 
of the several conventions for 
framing and remodeling the State 
Constitution ; and was Vice-Presi- 
dent of the Convention in 1842. 
From 1827 to 1843 he was a mem- 
ber of the lower branch of the Le- 
gislature ; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress from 1843 to 184T, 
when he was returned to the Le- 
gislature, and was several times 
Speaker of that body until 1854, 
since which time he has lived in re- 
tirement. 

CRANSTON, ROBERT B. 

He was born in Rhode Island, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1837 
to 1843, and again from 1847 to 
1849. 

CRARY, ISAAC E. 

Was a Delegate to Congress, 
from the Territory of Michigan, in 
1835 and 1836, and a Representa- 
tive from that State from the time 
of its admission into the Union in 
1836, to 1841. He died in Michi- 
gan, May 8, 1854. 

CRAVENS, JOHN H. 

He was born in Ohio, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1841 to 1843. 

CRAWFORD, GEORGE W. 

Born in Columbia County, Geor- 
gia, December 22, 1798. He gra- 
duated at Princeton in 1820 ; stu- 



Biographical Sketches. 



129 



died law, and commenced the prac- 
tice at Augusta, in 1822. In 1821 
he was elected Attorney-General, 
and continued in that office until 
1831 ; he was in the State Legis- 
lature from 1837 to 1842; and in 
1843 was elected to Congress to fill 
a vacancy. He was elected Gover- 
nor of the State in 1843, and re- 
elected in 1845. He was a member 
of President Taylor's cabinet, as 
Secretary of War, and subsequently 
visited Europe, since which time he 
has lived in retirement. 

CRAWFORD, JOEL. 

Born in Columbia County, Geor- 
gia, June 15, 1783. He was edu- 
cated by private tutors ; became a 
student of law, and was admitted to 
practice in 1808. In 1813 he joined 
the army of General Floyd, and 
served through the whole campaign 
as aid-de-camp to the General. 
After the war he resumed the prac- 
tice of his profession ; served three 
years in the State Legislature, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Georgia, from 1817 to 1821. 

CRAAVFORD, MARTIN J. 

He was born in Jasper County, 
Georgia, March 17, 1820; was 
educated at the Mercer University ; 
is a lawyer by profession, and was 
a member of the Georgia Legisla- 
ture from 1845 to 1847. In 1853 
he was appointed Judge of the Su- 
perior Court for the Chattahoo- 
chee Circuit, and was elected a 
member of the Thirty-fourth and 



Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving in 
the last on the Committees of Ways 
and Means and Roads and Canals. 

CRAWFORD, THOMAS H. 

Born at Chambersburg, Pennsyl- 
vania, November 14, 1786. He 
graduated at Princeton College in 
1804; studied law for three years 
and was admitted to the bar in 
1807 ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1829 to 1833. During the 
last year named, he was elected to 
the State Legislature; in 1836 he 
was appointed a Commissioner to 
investigate certain alleged frauds in 
the purchase of the reservation of 
land to the Creek Indians; in 1838 
he was appointed, by President 
Yan Buren, Commissioner of In- 
dian AflFairs, and took up his resi- 
dence in Washington, holding that 
office for seven years ; and in 1845 
he was appointed, by President 
Polk, Judge of the Criminal Court 
of the District of Columbia, which 
arduous position he still occupies. 

CRAWFORD, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1809 to 1817. 

CRAWFORD, WILLIAM H. 

Born in Amherst County, Vir- 
ginia, February 24, 1772, and with 
his father settled in Georgia in 
1783. He received an academical 
education, and subsequently had the 
management of Richmond Acade- 



130 



Biographical Sketches. 



my. He studied law and took a 
high position as a lawyer. He 
served four years in the State Le- 
gislature, and was a Senator in 
Congress from 1807 to 1813. 
President Madison invited him into 
his cabinet as Secretary of War,, 
but he declined the honor, accept- 
ing, instead, the post of Minister to 
Prance, in 1813; on his return, 
however, at the end of two years, 
he went into the War Department. 
In ISn he was appointed, by 
President Monroe, Secretary of the 
Treasury, where he served with 
marked ability until 1825, during 
which year he received a flattering 
vote for President of the IJnited 
States. In 1 82*7 he was appointed 
Judge of the Northern Circuit of 
Georgia, which office he held until 
his death, which occurred in Elbert 
County, Georgia, September 15, 
1834. 

CREIGHTON, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1815 to 
ISII, and again from 182Y to 1833. 

CRISFIELD, JOHN W. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 184t to 1849. 

CRITTENDEN, JOHN J. 

He was born in Woodford Coun- 
ty, Kentucky, in September, 1*786. 
When quite young he entered the 
army, and during the war of 1812 
served as an officer under General 
Hopkins, in his Expedition, and 



was aid-de-camp to Governor Shel- 
by at the battle of the Thames. 
After adopting the profession of 
law he entered Congress as a mem- 
ber of the Senate, from Kentucky, 
in 1811, serving then but two years. 
Prom 1819 to 1835 he continued 
in the practice of his profession, 
residing principally at Frankfort, 
and occasionally representing his 
county in the State Legislature. In 
1835 he was again elected to the 
United States Senate, and conti- 
nued to serve in that body until 
March, 1841, when he was appoint- 
ed Attorney-General by President 
Harrison. In September, 1841, he 
resigned with the other members of 
the cabinet, except Mr. Webster, 
and retired to private life, from 
which, however, he was soon called 
by the Legislature, to resume his 
seat in the United States Senate, 
in 1842. He was also elected a 
Senator for another term of six 
years, from March, 1843, but, in 
1848, having received the Whig 
nomination for Governor of Ken- 
tucky, he retired from the Senate, 
and was elected to that office, which 
he held until his appointment as 
Attorney-General by President Fill- 
more. He was again elected to the 
United States Senate in 1855, for 
the term ending in 1862, and is, at 
the present time, the oldest member 
of that body. 

CROCHERON, HENRY, 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1815 
to 1817. 



Biographical Sketches. 



131 



CROCHERON, JACOB. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1829 
to 1831. 

CROCKER, SAMUEL L. 

A Representative in Congress, 
from Massachusetts, from 1853 to 
1855. 

CROCKETT, DAVID. 

Born in Greene County, Tennes- 
see, August 11, 1186, of Irish 
descent, his father having fought in 
the revolutionary war. He com- 
menced the active duties of life, 
when twelve years old, by turning 
drover, and, instead of going to 
school, he chose the fortunes of an 
adventurer. He served under Ge- 
neral Jackson, in some of the In- 
dian wars, and became his fast 
friend. He had a natural bias for 
politics, and his smartness and ec- 
centricities made him very popular 
on the frontiers, and caused him to 
be elected to the Legislature of 
Tennessee. He was fond of the 
woods, and had no equal as a bear- 
hunter. He was elected to Con- 
gress in 1821, and served until 
1831, and then again in 1833, 
serving until 1835 ; while in Wash- 
ington he was always at his post of 
duty, never forgetting the welfare 
of his constituents, and he was one 
of the most popular men in Con- 
gress. The most striking features 
of his disposition and mind were, 
undoubtedly, of a whimsical charac- 
ter ; butbehind these there was much 
to command respect and admira- 



tion. He told stories, or related 
his wild adventures with wonderful 
effect. He was killed at the Alamo, 
Texas, March 1, 1836. 

CROCKETT, JOHN W. 

He was the son of the celebrated 
David Crockett, a Representative 
in Congress, from Tennessee, from 
1838 to 1843, and died at Mem- 
phis, November 24, 1852. 

CROSS, EDWARD. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
on taking up his residence in Ar- 
kansas, was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1839 to 
1845. 

CROUCH, EDWARD. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 
to 1815. 

CROWELL, JOHN. 

Bom in Halifax County, Alaba- 
ma ; was chosen Delegate to Con- 
gress, when the Territory of Alaba- 
ma was established in 1811, and 
served till 1819, when the State 
Constitution was formed, and he 
was elected first Representative to 
Congress, serving till 1821, and 
was a member of the Committee on 
Private Land Claims. Soon after- 
wards he was appointed Agent for 
the Creek Indians, then inhabiting 
large portions of Alabama and 
Georgia, and exercised extensive 
influence over them, until their re- 
moval west of the Mississippi, in 
1836. He died near Fort Mitchell, 
Alabama, June 25, 1846. 



132 



Biographical Sketches. 



CKOWELL, JOHN. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Ohio, from 184Y to 1851, and 
was a member of the Committee on 
Indian Aifairs. 

CROWNINSHIELD, BENJAMIN W. 

Born in 1174. He filled with 
general acceptance the office of Se- 
cretary of the Navy, to which he 
was appointed in December, 1814, 
by President Madison, and served 
until his resignation, in November, 
1818. In 1823, he was elected a 
Representative in Congress, from 
the Salem District of Massachu- 
setts, and continued in that position 
until 1831. He died in Boston, 
February 8, 1851. 

CROWNINSHIELD, JACOB. 
He was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from Massachusetts, 
from 1803 to 1809, but was ap- 
pointed Secretary of the Navy, by 
President Jefferson, March 3, 1805. 

CROZIER, JOHN. 
He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
fi'om that State, from 1845 to 1841, 
and for a second term, ending in 
1849. 

CRUDUP, .lOSIAH. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from North Carolina, from 
1821 to 1823, and was a member 
of the Committee on Private Claims. 

CRUGER, DANIEL. 
He was a member of the New 
York Assembly a number of years, 



and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1811 to 1819. 

CRUMP, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 1826 to 

182t. 

CULBRETH, THOMAS. 

Born in Kent County, Delaware, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from ISIY to 
1821. 

CULLEN, ELISHA D. 

He was born in Delaware, and 
elected a Representative from that 
State, to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress. 

CULLOM, ALVAN. 

He was a native of Kentucky, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1845 to 184t. 

CULLOM, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1851 to 
1855, and Clerk of the House of 
Representatives during the Thirty- 
fourth Congress. 

CULPEPPER, JOHN. 

He was born in Anzin County, 
North Carolina, and represented 
that State in Congress, from 180Y 
to 1809, from 1813 to 181t, from 
1819 to 1821, and, according to the 
American Almanac, (which is con- 
tradicted by John H. Wheeler, in 
his History of North Carolina,) 
from 1823 to 1825, and again from 
1841 to 1843. He was a Baptist 



Biographical Sketches. 



133 



preacher, and elected to the General 
Assembly, but his seat was vacated 
on constitutional grounds. 

CULVER, ERASTUS D. 

He was born in New York ; gra- 
duated at the University of Ver- 
mont in 1826; served in the As- 
sembly of New York in 1838 and 
1841, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 
1845 to 184T. 

CUMBACK, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Franklin County, 
Indiana, March 24, 1829; was edu- 
cated at the Miami University, 
Ohio ; taught school for one or two 
years ; attended the law school at 
Cincinnati, and adopted the legal 
profession ; and he was elected a 
Representative from Indiana, in the 
Thirty-fourth Congress. 

CUMMINGS, THOMAS W. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1853 to 1855 

CUMMINS, JOHN D. 
He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative from 
Ohio, during the Thirtieth Con- 
gress. He died of cholera at Mil- 
waukie, Wisconsin, September 11, 
1849. 

CUNNINGHAM, FRANCIS A. 
He was born in South Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1845 to 184*7. 



CURRY, J. L. M. 

Born in Lincoln County, Georgia, 
June 5, 1825, and removed with 
his father, in 1838, to Talladega 
County, Alabama, where he has 
since resided ; he graduated at the 
University of Georgia in 1843, and 
at the Dane Law School, Harvard 
University, in 1845, and practiced 
law with success in Alabama. In 
1846 he joined the Texas Rangers 
for the Mexican war, but soon re- 
turned on account of ill health. 
He was a member of the lower 
branch of the Legislature of Ala- 
bama in 1847, 1853, and 1855; 
and in 1857 was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, serving on 
the Committees on Revolutionary 
Claims and Expenditures in the 
State Department. 

CURTIS, CARLTON B. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1851 to 
1855. 

CURTIS, EDWARD. 

Born in Vermont, graduated at 
Union College, New York, and 
practiced law in New York City. 
He took a prominent part in the 
councils of that city, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1837 to 1841. He 
was appointed Collector of New 
York, by President Harrison, and 
removed by President Polk. He 
was an intimate friend of Daniel 
Webster. 



134 



BlOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



CURTIS, SAMUEL R. 

Born in Ohio, (while his parents 
were emigrating to the West from 
Connecticut,) February 3, 1801. He 
graduated at the West Point Aca- 
demy in 1831, and was appointed 
a lieutenant in the United States 
infantry, but resigned in 1832. He 
studied and pursued the profession 
of law in Ohio; was subsequently 
an engineer in Ohio and Iowa ; from 
1831 to 1840, chief engineer of the 
Muskingum Works; during the 
Mexican war he served as an ad- 
jutant-general in mustering the 
State troops ; he went to Mexico 
as a colonel under General Taylor, 
and acted for a time as Governor of 
Mattamoras, Camargo, Monterey, 
and Saltillo, performing much im- 
portant service ; on his return from 
Mexico, he practiced law for a time, 
but was called to Iowa and Mis- 
souri to perform important labors 
as an engineer, in improvements of 
harbors and the building of rail- 
roads ; and having finally settled at 
Keokuck, in Iowa, he was elected 
from that State a member of the 
House in the Thirty-fifth Congress. 
He has also been re-elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress. 

GUSHING, CALEB. 

Was born in Essex County, Mas- 
sachusetts, in January, 1800. He 
graduated at Harvard College, and 
was subsequently a tutor there of 
mathematics and natural philoso- 
phy ; studied law at Cambridge, 
and settled in Newburyport to prac- 
tice. In 1825 and 1826 he served 



in the State Legislature, and in 
1829 visited Europe for pleasure, — 
publishing, on his return, " Reminis- 
cences of Spain," and "Review of 
the Revolution in France." He also 
wrote for the North American Re- 
view. In 1833 and 1834, he was 
again elected to the Legislature ; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1835 to 1843. He was 
appointed,by President Tyler, Com- 
missioner to China, and as such ne- 
gotiated an important treaty. In 
1846 he was again elected to the 
Legislature, and in 1841, as bi'iga- 
dier-general, was attached to the 
army in Mexico, under General 
Taylor. In 1850, he was for the 
fifth time elected to the Legislature, 
and in 1851 was made a Justice of 
the Supreme Court of the State. 
When President Pierce came into 
power, he invited General Cushing 
into his cabinet, as Attorney-Gene- 
ral ; and, on his return home, he was 
again re-elected to the Legislature 
of his native State, in which posi- 
tion he still continues. In office, or 
out of it, he has the reputation of 
being a hard student, and his ability 
as a lawyer is unquestioned. 

CUSHMAN, JOHN PAINE. 

He was born in Pomfret, Connec- 
ticut, in 1184, and graduated at 
Yale College in 1801. He studied 
law and removed to Troy, New 
York, where he practiced his pro- 
fession. He served in Congress, 
from 1811 to 1819; and, in 1838, 
was appointed Judge of the Circuit 
Court, having previously been Re- 



Biographical Sketches. 



135 



covder of the City of Troy and one 
of the Regents of the State Uni- 
versity. He was a man of eminence 
in his profession, and discharged 
with abihty the various offices with 
which he was intrusted. 

CUSHMAN, JOSHUA. 
He was born in Plymouth, Mas- 
sachusetts ; graduated at Cam- 
bridge in 1T89; was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Massachu- 
setts, from 1819 to 1821; and re- 
presented Maine, in Congress, from 
1821 to 1825, after its separation 
from Massachusetts. 

CUSHMAN, SAMUEL. 
Born in 1*183; was Judge of the 
Police Court of Portsmouth, ISTew 
Hampshire, and held several offices 
of trust in the State. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1835 to 1839, and died in Ports- 
mouth, May 20, 1851. 

CUTHBERT, ALFRED. 
He graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1803 ; and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Georgia, 
from 1814 to 181t; again, from 

1821, to 1827, and a Senator of the 
United States, from 1835 to 1843. 
Died in 1856. 

CUTHBERT, JOHN A. 
He was born in Savannah, Geor- 
gia; graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1805 ; and was a Represen- 
tative in Cqngress, from his native 
State, from 1819 to 1821, and was 
appointed, by the President, in 

1822, a Commissioner to treat with 
the Creek and Cherokee Indians. 



CUTLER, MANASSEH. 

He was born in Killingly, Con- 
necticut, in 1824, and graduated at 
Yale College in 1765; removed to 
Dedham, Massachusetts, in 1769; 
studied for the ministry, and was 
ordained in 1771 ; and was settled 
as a pastor of a church in Hamilton, 
Massachusetts, September 11, 1771 . 
He distinguished himself by his 
attention to several branches of na- 
tural history, particularly by mak- 
ing the first essay toward a scien- 
tific description of the plants of New 
England, an account of several 
hundred of which, communicated by 
him, was published by the Ameri- 
can Academy, of which he was a 
member. He was one of the first 
scientific explorers of the White 
Mountains. In 1787 he organized 
an expedition for the Northwest 
Territory, and in 1788, with Gene- 
ral Rufus Putnam, commenced a 
settlement at Marietta, on the Mus- 
kingum, Ohio. In 1790 he re- 
turned, with his family, to New 
England, and was pastor of the 
church at Hamilton, Massachusetts, 
until his death. In 1800 he was 
elected to a seat in Congress, and 
retained it till 1804, when he de- 
clined any further political employ- 
ment, from its interference with his 
professional duties. He died July 
28, 1823. 

CUTTING, FRANCIS B. 

He was born in New York ; was 
liberally educated, and adopted the 
profession of law; in 1836 and 
1837 he was a member of the Le- 



136 



Biographical Sketches. 



gislature "of New York, from the 
City of New York ; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from his 
native State, from 1853 to 1855. 

CUTTS, CHARLES. 

Born in Massachusetts, in 1*769 ; 
entered Harvard College in 1186; 
graduated in 1190; studied law 
with Judge Pickering ; was elected 
a member of the Legislature in 
1804, and then Speaker of the 
House; was sent to the United 
States Senate in 1810, and served 
till 1813 ; and chosen Secretary of 
the Senate, from 1814 to 1825. He 
died in Virginia, in 1846. 

CUTTS, RICHARD. 

Born June 22, 1111, at Cutt's 
Island, Saco, in the province or 
district of Maine, then constitu- 
ting a part of the Commonwealth 
of Massachusetts, and received his 
early education at Harvard Uni- 
versity, at which institution he gra- 
duated in 1190, and in the twen- 
tieth year of his age. He stu- 
died law, was extensively engaged 
in commerce, and took an active 
part in politics. He visited Europe, 
and on his return, after serving two 
successive years as a member of the 
General Court of Massachusetts, he 
was, at the age of twenty-nine, in 
1800, elected by the people of his 
District a member of the House 
of Bepresentatives of the United 
States. He took his seat in the 
House, December 1, 1801, and 
through six successive Congresses, 



constantly sustained by the con- 
tinued confidence of his constitu- 
ents, he gave a firm support to 
President Jefferson's administra- 
tion, and to that of his successor, 
President Madison, until the close 
of his first term, March 3, 1813, 
having patriotically sustained, by 
his votes, non-importation, non-in- 
tercourse, the embargo, and finally 
war, as measures called for by the 
honor and interest of the nation, 
although ruinous to his private for- 
tune. On the third of June, of that 
year, he was appointed Superin- 
tendent-General of Military Sup- 
plies, an ofiice created by the act of 
March 3, 1813, the functions of 
which were required only during 
the continuance of the war. The 
office was accordingly abolished 
by the act of March 3, 1811, to 
provide for the prompt settlement 
of public accounts. By the same 
act the office of Second Comptroller 
of the Treasury was created, to 
which Mr. Cutts was immediately 
appointed, by President James 
Monroe, and which he held until 
1829, after which he resided in the 
City of Washington, in the retire- 
ment of private life, until his death 
in 1849. 

DAGGETT, DAVID. 

Born in Attleborough, Massa- 
chusetts, December 31, 1164; gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1183 ; 
and was professor of law in that in- 
stitution. He was States Attorney 
and Mayor of New Haven, and fre- 



Biographical Sketches. 



137 



quently a member of the Legisla- 
ture, and member of the Council. 
From 1813 to 1819 he was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Connecticut ; 
from 1826 to 1832 he was a Judge 
of the Supreme Court of the State ; 
and was Chief Judge from 1832 to 
1834, when he attained the age of 
seventy years. He died April 12, 
1851. 

DALLAS, GEORGE MIFFLIN. 

He was born July 10, 1792, in 
the City of Philadelphia, where he 
received his early education. He 
graduated at Princeton College in 
1810 ; commenced the study of law 
in his father's ofSce in Philadelphia; 
and was admitted to the bar in 1813. 
In the same year he accompanied 
Mr. Gallatin to Russia as his pri- 
vate secretary, when that gentleman 
was appointed a member of the com- 
mission to negotiate a peace under 
the mediation of Alexander. Dur- 
ing his absence he visited Russia, 
France, England, Holland, and the 
Netherlands. He returned to the 
United States in 1814, and after 
assisting his father for a time in his 
duties as Secretary of the Treasury, 
he commenced the practice of his 
profession at Philadelphia. In 181T 
he was appointed the deputy of the 
Attorney-General of Philadelphia, 
and soon won a high reputation as 
a criminal lawyer. He took an ac- 
tive part in politics, and in 1825 he 
was elected Mayor of Philadelphia, 
and on the accession of General 
Jackson, in 1829, he was appointed 
to the office of District Attorney, 



the same office which had been held 
by his father. This post he held 
until 1831, when a vacancy having 
occurred in the representation from 
Pennsylvania in the United States 
Senate, Mr. Dallas was chosen to 
fill it. He took an active part in 
the debates of the stormy session of 
1832-33. On the expiration of his 
term of office in 1833, he declined a 
re-election, and resumed the prac- 
tice of his profession. In 1837 he 
was appointed, by President Van 
Buren, Ambassador to Russia, and 
remained in that country until Oc- 
tober, 1839, when he returned home, 
and once more devoted himself to 
the practice of law. In 1844 he 
was elected Vice-President of the 
United States, and entered upon 
the duties of his office in March of 
the following year. His terra of 
office expired in March, 1849, when 
he was succeeded by Mr. Fillmore. 
He was appointed by President 
Pierce to succeed Mr Buchanan as 
Minister at the Court of St. James, 
in which position he was retained 
by Mr. Buchanan, when^ he became 
President. 

DALTON, TRISTAM. 

Was born in that portion of New- 
bury, Massachusetts, now Newbury- 
port, in 1783, and at the early age 
of seventeen graduated at Harvard 
University. He studied law as an 
accomplishment, the fortune which 
he inherited from his father not re- 
quiring him to practice it as a pro- 
fession, and he took a deep interest 
in the cultivation of a large landed 



138 



Biographical Sketches. 



estate, in what is now the town of 
West Newbury. Washington, John 
Adams, Louis Philippe, Talleyrand, 
and other distinguished guests par- 
took of his hospitalities. As emi- 
nent for piety as he was for mental 
endowments, the Episcopal Church, 
of which he was a warden, shared 
in his generous liberality ; and he 
was also noted for the affectionate 
interest which he took in the wel- 
fare of his servants, both black and 
white. He was a Representative, 
Speaker of the House of Represen- 
tatives, and a Senator in the Legis- 
lature of Massachusetts, and a Se- 
nator of the United States in the 
First Congress after the adoption 
of the Federal Constitution. When 
Washington City was founded, Mr. 
Dalton invested his entire fortune 
in lands there, and lost it by the 
mismanagement of a business agent. 
At the same time a vessel, which 
was freighted with his furniture and 
valuable library, was lost on her 
voyage from Newburyport to Wash- 
ington, and he thus found himself, 
after having lived sixty years in af- 
fluence, penniless. Several offices 
of profit and honor were immedi- 
ately tendered him by the Govern- 
ment, and he accepted the Surveyor- 
ship of Boston. He died in Boston 
in June, 1817, and his remains were 
taken to Newburyport, where they 
were interred in the burial-ground 
of St. Paul's Church. 

DAMRELL, WILLIAM S. 

Born in Portsmouth, New Hamp- 
shire, November 20, 1809; never 



had the privilege of even a common 
school education; was by trade a 
printer ; and was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from Massachusetts, to 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving 
on the Committee on Roads and 
Canals. 

DANA, AMASA. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly in 1828 and 1829, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1839 to 1841, 
and again from 1843 to 1845. 



DANA, JUDAH. 

Born in Massachusetts in 1112; 
graduated at Dartmouth College in 
1195; commenced the practice of 
law in Fryeburg ; was Attorney for 
Oxford County for six years ; Judge 
of Probate for twenty years ; Judge 
of the Common Pleas for nine years ; 
one of the Committee which drafted 
the Constitution of Maine ; a mem- 
ber of the Executive Council of the 
State in 1834 ; and by appointment 
of the Governor, was a Senator in 
Congress during the years 1836 and 
1831. He died at Fryeburg, Maine, 
December 21, 1845. 

DANA, SAMUEL. 

He was a respectable lawyer and 
a judge, and during the years 1814 
and 1815 a Representative in Con- 
o-ress, from Massachusetts. He 
died at Charlestown in November, 
1835, in the sixtieth year of his 
age. 



Biographical Sketches. 



139 



DANA, SAMUEL W. 

He was born in Connecticut in 
lUI, and died in 1830. He gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1 775, and 
was a Senator in Congress, from 
Connecticut, from 1810 to 1821. 

DANE, JOSEPH. 

He was born in Essex County, 
Massachusetts, and graduated at 
Harvard University in 1799. From 
1820 to 1823 he represented the 
York District of Maine in Congress, 
was subsequently in the Legislature 
as a member of the House for six 
years, and was a member of the Se- 
nate in 1829. He was chosen a 
member of the Executive Council 
of Massachusetts in 1817, and to a 
similar station in Maine in 1841, 
but he declined both offices. He 
settled in Kennebunk early in the 
present century, where he died, 
May 1, 1858. 

DANIEL, HENRY. 

He was born in 1793, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Kentucky, from 1827 to 1833, where 
he had a famous encounter with 
Tristam Burgess. 

DANIEL, JOHN R. J. 

Born in Halifax County, North 
Carolina ; graduated at the univer- 
sity of that State in 1821 ; studied 
law, and practiced it with success ; 
he served for several years in the 
General Assembly, and was elected 
Attorney- General of the State ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1 lUl to 1853, serving through 



several sessions as Chairman of the 
Committee on Claims. 

DANNER, JOEL B. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1850 
to 1851. 

DARBY, EZRA. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1806 
to 1808. 

DARBY, JOHN FLETCHER. 

Born in Person County, North 
Carolina, December 10, 1803. In 
1818 he removed with his father to 
Missouri, and settled in St. Louis 
County, where, until 1823, he work- 
ed on a farm, pursuing his studies 
under many difficulties, having pre- 
viously received a good English 
education in his native town. After 
the death of his parents, in 1825, 
he applied for an appointment at 
West Point, but being unsuccessful, 
sold out his father's estate, and went 
to Frankfort, Kentucky, and stu- 
died law with Mr. Crittenden. In 
May, 1827, having a license to prac- 
tice from the Supreme Court of 
Kentucky, he returned to Missouri 
and commenced his professional life. 
He was four times chosen Mayor of 
the City of St. Louis, and once a 
member of the State Senate, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1851 to 1853. 

DARGAN, EDWARD S. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
removed in early youth to Alabama, 



140 



Biographical Sketches. 



where he subsequently taught school 
and studied law. In 1844 he was 
elected Mayor of Mobile ; from 
1845 to 1841 he was a Representa- 
tive in Congress ; and during the 
latter year was elected a Judge of 
the Supreme Court of Alabama. • 

DARLING, MASON C. 

Born in Bellingham, Massachu- 
setts, May 18, 1801 ; received a 
common school education ; com- 
menced active life as a school 
teacher in New York ; and having 
studied medicine, graduated at the 
Berkshire Medical Institution of 
Massachusetts in 1824. He prac- 
ticed his profession for thirteen 
years, when he removed to Wiscon- 
sin, and aided in establishing the 
towns of Sheboygan and Fond du 
Lac. The principal offices held by 
him, in Wisconsin, were those of 
Judge of Probate, Mayor of Fond 
du Lac, a member, for several years, 
of the Territorial Legislature, and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
the State of Wisconsin, from 1841 
to 1849. 

DARLINGTON, EDWARD. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 1839. 

DARLINGTON, ISAAC. 

Born in Westtown, Chester 
County, Pennsylvania, December 
13, 1181, and died April 21, 1839. 
He was brought up to hard labor, 
partly on a farm, and in the shop of 
his father, a worthy blacksmith, and 



was a Quaker in religion. He edu- 
cated himself, taught school, studied 
law, and was successful as a practi- 
tioner. In 1801 he was elected to 
the State Legislature ; served as a 
volunteer lieutenant in the last war 
with England ; and was a member 
of Congress, from 1811 to 1819, — 
declining a re-election. In 1820 he 
was appointed Deputy Attorney- 
General for Chester County, and in 
1821 was appointed President Judge 
of the County Court, which he held 
until his death. 

DARLINGTON, WILLIAM. 

Born in Birmingham, Chester 
County, Pennsylvania, April 28, 
1183. He was brought up on a 
farm until eighteen years old, trained 
in the religion of G-eorge Fox, and 
when young had but a limited 
education. He studied medicine, 
and in 1804 graduated at the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania; in 1806 he 
was disowned by the Society of 
Friends for accepting the appoint- 
ment of surgeon to a military regi- 
ment; in 1801 he went to India as 
surgeon of a merchant-ship ; in 1811 
and 1812 he assisted in establishing 
the West Chester Academy, Penn- 
sylvania, of which he was long a 
trustee, and the secretary; in 1813 
he prepared a catalogue of plants 
of his native country; in 1814 he 
took part in establishing the Bank 
of West Chester, and was its presi- 
dent; when Washington City was 
attacked by the British, he went 
thither as a volunteer ; and he was 
a member of Congress, from Penn- 



Bio&RAPHicAL Sketches. 



Ul 



sylvania, from 1815 to 1817, and 
again from 1819 to 1823. He was 
also a member of the " American 
Philosophical Society;" was a Ca- 
nal Commissioner in 1825 ; in 1826 
he aided in forming a Natural His- 
tory Society in West Chester, and 
was elected President of the same ; 
and on account of his devotion to 
science and his scientific learning, 
a number of rare plants were named 
after him, by leading naturalists of 
Switzerland and America. He also 
held the office of Clerk of the Court 
of Chester County; aided in found- 
ing and was President of the "West 
Chester Medical Society ;" was pre- 
sident of a railway company; in 184T 
he was robbed of $50,000 belonging 
to the bank of which he was presi- 
dent ; his publications on botany 
and kindred subjects are quite nu- 
merous ; and he has been elected a 
member of some forty learned socie- 
ties, in America and Europe. He 
is still living (August, 1858,) in the 
enjoyment of good health and his 
many honors. 

DARRAGH, CORNELIUS. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1843 to 
1847. 

DAVEE, THOMAS. 

Born in Plymouth, Massachusetts, 
December 9, 1*1 9t ; removed to 
Maine, and was bred a merchant ; 
served six years in the two Houses 
of the Maine Legislature ; served a 
second term in the State Assembly, 



and was chosen Speaker ; he was 
also High Sheriff of Somerset Coun- 
ty ; and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1831 to 1841. He was 
also, for many years, a postmaster 
in Maine, and at the time of his 
death was a Senator-elect of the 
State Legislature. He died, sup- 
ported by the hopes of the Chris- 
tian, December 9, 1841. 

DAVENPORT, FRANKLIN. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from New Jersey, from 1198 to 
1199, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1199 to 1801. 

DAVENPORT, JAMES. 

He was a graduate of Yale Col- 
lege in 1111, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Connecti- 
cut, from 1196 to 1191, in which 
year he died. 

DAVENPORT, JOHN. 

He was born in Connecticut; 
graduated at Yale College in 1110 ; 
was a tutor in that college ; and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Connecticut, from 1199 to 1801. 
He died in 1830. 

DAVENPORT, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1821 to 1829. 

DAVENPORT, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1825 to 
1835, and died in Halifax County, 
in November, 1838. 



142 



Biographical Sketches. 



DAVIDSON, THOMAS G. 

Born in Jefferson County, Missis- 
sippi, August 3, 1805 ; studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 
182t ; in 1833 was Register of the 
Land-office at Greensburg, Louisi- 
ana ; was elected to the Legislature 
of that State in 1833, where he 
served, from different parishes, some 
thirteen j^ears ; and he was elected 
a Representative in Congress, in 
1855; re-elected in 1851, and is 
Chairman of the Committee on En- 
rolled Bills, and member of the 
Committee on Claims. 

DAVIDSON, WILLIAM. 

He was a native of Mecklenburg 
County, North Carolina, having 
been born September 12, 1178; re- 
presented that county in the State 
Legislature, as a Senator, in 1813, 
1815, 1816, and 1811; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
his native State, from 1818 to 1821. 
He served again in the State Se- 
nate, in 1821, 1828, and 1829. He 
died in Charlotte, Mecklenburg 
County, September 16, 1851, from 
injuries which he received by being 
thrown from his carriage, while tak- 
ing a drive with a fractious horse. 
Though leading the quiet life of a 
planter, he was a man of great in- 
fluence and usefulness. 

DAVIES, EDWARD. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1831 to 
1841. 



DAVIS, AMOS. 

He represented Kentucky in 
Congress, from 1833 to 1835, and 
died in Owingsville, Kentucky, 
June 5, 1835. 

DAVIS, GARRIT. 

He was born in 1803; studied 
law and acquired distinction in the 
practice ; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Kentucky, 
from 1839 to 1841. 

DAVIS, GEORGE T. 

He was born in Sandwich, Mas- 
sachusetts, January 12, 1810; gra- 
duated a,t Harvard College in 1829 ; 
studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1832 ; was elected to the 
Senate of Massachusetts in 1839 
and 1840; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress from 1851 to 1853. 
He is now devoted to his profes- 
sion, 

DAVIS, H. W. 

He was born in Maryland ; elect- 
ed to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty- 
fifth Congresses, from that State, as 
a Representative ; and is a member 
of the Committee on Ways and 
Means. 

DAVIS, JEFFERSON. 

He was born in Christian Coun- 
ty, Kentucky, in 1805, but his fa- 
ther removed to Mississippi in his 
infancy. He commenced his edu- 
cation at the Transylvania Univer- 
sity, Kentucky, but left it for the 
West Point Academy, where he 
graduated in 1828. He followed 



Biographical Sketches. 



143 



the fortunes of a soldier until 1835, 
when lie became a planter. He 
was a cadet from 1824 to 1828; 
second lieutenant of infantry from 
1828 to 1833; first lieutenant of 
dragoons from 1833 to 1835, serv- 
ing in various campaigns against 
the Indians ; was adjutant of dra- 
goons, and at different times served 
in the quartermaster's department ; 
in 1844 was a Presidential Elector; 
in 1845 was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Mississippi, 
for one term, but resigned in 1846, 
to become Colonel of a volunteer 
regiment to serve in Mexico ; in 
Mexico he received the appointment 
of Brigadier-General; in 1847 was 
appointed a Senator in Congress, 
to fill a vacancy, and was elected 
for the term ending in 1851; was 
re-elected for a term of six years, 
but resigned ; was appointed Se- 
cretary of "War by President Pierce, 
serving throughout his administra- 
tion ; and in 185t again took his 
seat in the United States Senate 
for the term of six years. He is 
Chairman of the Committee on 
Military Affairs, and a member of 
those on Public Buildings and 
Grounds, and on Printing. 

DAVIS, JOHN. 

Born in Massachusetts, in 1190 ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1812 ; 
adopted the profession of law ; was 
a Representative in Congress from 
1825 to 1833 ; Governor of Massa- 
chusetts during the years 1833 and 

1834 ; a Senator in Congress from 

1835 to 1841, and again from 1845 



to 1853, always serving on import- 
ant committees and exerting much 
influence. On account of his many 
popular qualities, he was called 
"Honest John Davis." He died 
suddenly, at Worcester, April 19, 
1854. 

DAVIS, JOHN. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1839 
to 1841. 

DAVIS, JOHN G. 

Born in Fleming County, Ken- 
tucky, October 10, 1810. His edu- 
cation was obtained at a country 
school, where, during the winter 
months, he studied the rudiments of 
reading, writing, and arithmetic. 
He was bred to the occupation of a 
farmer ; was elected sheriff of Parke 
County, Indiana, where he now 
resides, and resigned in 1832. 
He was clerk of the Superior and 
Inferior Courts of that county, 
from 1833 to 1851, and was a Re- 
presentative from Indiana in the 
Thirty-second, Thirty-third, and 
Thirty-fifth Congresses; and is a 
member of the Committee on Pub- 
lic Lands, and also served on the 
Committee to Examine into the 
Accounts of the late Clerk of the 
House. He has also been re-elected 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress. 

DAVIS, JOHN W. 

He is a native of Cumberland 
County, Pennsylvania ; after com- 
pleting his medical studies in Balti- 
more, he emigrated to Indiana. He 



144 



Biographical Sketches. 



served in the Legislature of that 
State, and was Speaker of the 
lower branch, and also acted as 
Commissioner to make a treaty 
with the Indians. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Indiana, 
from 1835 to 1831, from 1839 to 
1841, and again from 1843 to 184V, 
and was once Speaker of the House 
of Representatives. He was, in 
1848, appointed Minister to China, 
and, subsequently, held the position 
of Governor of Oregon Territory. 

DAVIS, REUBEN. 

Born in Tennessee, January 18, 
1818. He was self-educated, owing 
to the limited means of his father. 
He studied and practiced medicine 
for a few years, and, afterwards, 
pursued the law as a profession. 
In 1835 was chosen District Attor- 
ney for the Sixth Judicial District 
of Mississippi. In 1837 he was 
re-elected to the same office ; served 
for four months, in 1842, on the 
bench of the High Court of Errors 
and Appeals ; was in the Mexican 
war as colonel commandant of the 
Mississippi Rifles, but resigned on 
account of sickness, and was in no 
battle ; was elected to the lower 
branch of the State Legislature 
from 1855 to 185Y, and was elected 
a member of the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committees on 
the Post-office and Post-roads and 
Expenditures in the Navy Depart- 
ment. 

DAVIS, RICHARD D. 

He was born in New York, gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1818, and 



was a Representative in Congress, 
from his native State, from 1841 to 
1845. 

DAVIS, ROGER. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1811 
to 1815. 

DAVIS, SAMUEL. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1813 to 
1815. 

DAVIS, SAMUEL B. 

He was born in Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Louisiana, from 1853 to 1855. 

DAVIS, THOMAS. 

He was born in Ireland, and hav- 
ing emigrated to Rhode Island, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1853 to 1855. 

DAVIS, THOMAS T. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from IT 9*7 to 
1803, and was appointed in that 
year Judge in the Territory of In- 
diana. 

DAVIS, TIMOTHY. 

He was born in Newark, New 
Jersey, in March, 1794; received 
a common school education; re- 
moved to Kentucky in 1816, and 
was there admitted to the bar in 
1817 ; spent twenty years of his 
life in Missouri ; and, having re- 
moved to Iowa, was elected a Re- 



Biographical Sketches. 



145 



presentative, from that State, to 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a 
member of the Committee on the 
Post-office and Post-roads. 

DAVIS, TIMOTHY. 

He was born in Gloucester, Mas- 
sachusetts, April 12, 1821 ; was 
educated at a district school, which 
he did not attend after reaching the 
age of twelve years ; spent two 
years in a printing-office ; lived a 
number of years in Boston as a clerk 
and as a merchant ; in 1854, by an 
unusually large majority, he was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from his native district ; was 
re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, and has served as a member 
of the Committee on Naval Affairs. 

DAVIS, WARREN R. 

He was born in South Carolina ; 
graduated at the College of South 
Carolina in 1810; adopted the pro- 
fession of law ; was appointed Soli- 
citor for South Carolina, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
South Carolina, from 1827 to 1835, 
and died in Washington, District 
of Columbia, January 29, 1835. 

DAAVES, HENRY L. 

Born in Cummington, Hampshire 
County, Massachusetts, October 30, 
1816. He graduated at Yale Col- 
lege, and adopted the profession of 
the law. He was a member of the. 
Legislature of Massachusetts; of 
the Lower House during the years 
1848, 1849, and 1852; of the State 
Senate in 1850; and also of the 
10 



State Constitutional Convention in 
1853. He was also District Attor- 
ney for the Western District of his 
native State from 1853 until elected 
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and 
is a member of the Committee on 
Revolutionary Claims. He has been 
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress. 

DAWSON, JOHN. 

He graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity in 1782 ; was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1797 to 1814 ; and was 
appointed bearer of dispatches 
to France in 1801, by President 
Adams. He died in 1814. 

DAWSON, JOHN B. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Louisiana, from 1841 to 
the time of his death, which occur- 
red at St. Francisville, Louisiana, 
June 26, 1845. 

DAWSON, JOHN L. 

He represented Pennsylvania in 
Congress from 1851 to 1855. He 
died March 10, 1857, from the 
effects, it is believed, of the myste- 
rious National Hotel disease. He 
was appointed, by President Pierce, 
Governor of Kansas, but declined. 

DAWSON, WILLIAM C. 

Born in Greene County, Georgia, 
January 4, 1798, and died May 5, 
1856. He graduated at Franklin 
College in 1816; studied law at 
home and at Litchfield, Connecti- 
cut ; and having been admitted to 
the bar, settled at Greensborough, 



146 



Biographical Sketches. 



in 1818, where he was eminently 
successfnl as a jury lawyer. He 
was for twelve years Clerk of the 
House of Representatives of Geor- 
gia, and several times Senator and 
Representative in the Legislature. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress from 183t to 1842; and in 
1845 he was appointed Judge of 
the Ockmulgee Circuit; and from 
1849 to 1855 he was a Senator of 
the United States, where he served 
on important committees, and spoke 
on many important questions of 
national interest, and commanded 
a wide influence. 

DAWSON, WILLIAM J. 

A Representative in Congress, 
from North Carolina, from 1193 to 
1195. 

DAY, EOWLAND. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly in 1816 and 1S11, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1823 
to 1825, and again from 1833 to 
1835. 

DAY, TIMOTHY C. 

He was born in Ohio, and was 
elected a Representative, from that 
State, to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress. 

DAYAN, CHARLES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1831 
to 1833; a State Senator in 1821 
and 1828; and a member of the 
Assembly in 1835 and 1836. 



DAYTON, JONATHAN. 

A native of New Jersey ; gradu- 
ated at Princeton College in 1116 ; 
was a member of the State Conven- 
tion in 1181 ; a Representative in 
Congressfrom 1191 to 1199; Speak- 
er of the House of Representatives 
in 1191 ; and was a Senator of the 
United States from 1199 to 1805. 
He was a distinguished statesman, 
and died at Elizabethtown, New 
Jersey, October 9, 1824, aged about 
sixty-eight years. 

DAYTON, WILLIAM L. 

Born in New Jersey, February 
11, 1801 ; graduated at Princeton 
College ; is a lawyer by profession; 
was a member of the State Senate 
of New Jersey in 1831 ; was ap- 
pointed one of the Justices of the 
Superior Court of the State Feb-' 
ruary 28, 1838, and resigned said 
office in 1841, and resumed the prac- 
tice of law; was a Senator in Con- 
gress from 1842 to 1851. In March, 
1851, was appointed Attorney- Gen- 
eral of New Jersey, which office he 
still holds. 

DEAN, EZRA. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Ohio, from 1841 to 1845. 

DEAN, GILBERT. 

Is a native of Pleasant Valley, 
Dutchess County, New York. In 
May, 1831, he entered the Amenia 
Seminary, and in September of the 
same year he went to Yale College, 
and graduated in 1841. He studied 



Biographical Sketches. 



147 



law in Pine Plains, and commenced 
practice in Pougbkeepsie in 1844, 
attaining eminence in his profes- 
sion ; and was elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress from 1851 to 

1853. 

DEAN, SIDNEY. 

He was born in Glastenbury, 
Hartford County, Connecticut, No- 
vember 16, 1818. He received only 
a common school education ; en- 
tered upon active life as a manu- 
facturer ; but subsequently became 
a clergyman. He served one year 
in the Legislature of Connecticut, 
and was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, in 
1855, and re-elected in 1857 ; of- 
ficiating during his first term as 
Chairman of the Committee on Pub- 
lic Expenditures, and is now a mem- 
ber of the Committee on the Dis- 
trict of Columbia. 

DEANE, JOSIAH. 
He was born in Massachusetts, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1807 to 1809. 

DEARBORN, HENRY. 
Was a native of New Hampshire, 
and settled, in the practice of physic, 
at Portsmouth. He was a captain 
in Stark's regiment at the battle 
of Bunker Hill ; he accompanied 
Arnold in the expedition through 
the wilderness of Maine to Quebec ; 
he was captured by the British, and 
put into close confinement, but in 
May, 1776, was permitted to re- 
turn on parole; in March, 1777, 
he was exchanged ; he served as 



a major in the array under Gates, 
at the capture of Burgoyne. He 
distinguished himself at the battle 
of Monmouth, by a gallant charge 
on the enemy. Dearborn being sent 
to ask for further orders, Washing- 
ton inquired, by way of commenda- 
tion, " What troops are those ?'' 
"Full-blooded Yankees from New 
Hampshire, sir," was the reply. In 
1779 he accompanied Sullivan in 
his expedition against the Indians ; 
in 1780 he was with the army in 
New Jersey; in 1781 he was at 
Yorktown, at the surrender of Corn- 
wallis; in 1789 Washington ap- 
pointed him Marshal of the District 
of Maine. He was elected a mem- 
ber of Congress, from 1793 to 1797. 
In 1801 he was appointed Secre- 
tary of War, and held the office 
till 1809, when he was appointed 
to the lucrative office of Collector 
of Boston. In 1812 he received a 
commission as senior majoi'-general 
in the army of the United States. 
In the spring of 1813 he captured 
York, in Upper Canada, and Fort 
George, at the mouth of the Ni- 
agara, He was recalled, by Mr. 
Madison, in July. He was ordered 
to assume the command of the mi- 
litary district of New York City. 
In 1822 he was appointed Minister 
Plenipotentiary to Portugal ; two 
years after he returned to America, 
at his own request. He died in 
1829, aged seventy-eight years. 

DEARBORN, HENRY. 
Born in 1783, in Exeter, New 
Hampshire ; was educated at Wil- 
liam and Mary College, Virginia 



148 



Biographical Sketches. 



and commenced the study of law 
in Washington, while his father 
was Secretary of War under Jeffer- 
son, He finished his studies at 
Salem, Massachusetts, in the ofiice 
of Judge Story, and commenced 
to practice in that city. He re- 
moved to Portland, and superin- 
tended the erection of the forts in 
the harbor. He was appointed Col- 
lector of Boston, by President Madi- 
son, (having been previously made 
Deputy Collector by his father, 
when Collector,) as an inducement 
for his father to accept the com- 
mand of the army, and he held the 
ofiice until removed by General 
Jackson, in 1829. In 1812 he was 
brigadier of militia, and had the 
command of the troops in Boston 
harbor. In 1821 was a member of 
the Convention for revising the 
Constitution of Massachusetts. In 
1829 was a Representative in the 
Legislature, from Roxbury ; and the 
same year chosen Executive Coun- 
cillor; and the following year a 
State Senator. From 1831 to 1833, 
he was a Representative in Con- 
gress. He was soon appointed 
Adjutant-General of Massachusetts, 
and continued in that office till 
1843, when he was removed for 
lending some of the State arms 
during the Dorr Rebellion in Rhode 
Island. In 1841 was chosen Mayor 
of Roxbury, which office he held 
until his death. While in the Cus- 
tom-house, in Boston, he wrote and 
published three volumes on the 
" Commerce of the Black Sea." 
He also wrote a biography of Com- 



modore Bainbridge, and one of his 
father ; a book on Architecture, and 
a Life of Christ. He died, in Port- 
land, Maine, July 29, 1851. 

DEBERRY, EDMUND. 

Born in Montgomery County, 
North Corolina, August 14, 1181. 
He was educated at the ordinary 
schools of the county, and having 
entered public life, in 1806, as a 
member of the State Legislature, 
he continued to serve there, with 
occasional intermissions, until 1828 ; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1829 to 1831, from 1833 
to 1845, and again from 1849 to 
1851. 

DE GRAFF, JOHN J. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress from New York, from 182T 
to 1829, and again from 1837 to 
1839. 

DEITZ, WILLIAM. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly, in 1814 and 1815; 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1825 to 1821 ; and 
a State Senator, from 1830 to 1833. 

DELANO, COLUMBUS. 

He was born in Vermont, and 
having removed to Ohio, was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1845 to I8i1. 

DEMMING, BENJAMIN F. 

He was born at Danville, Yer- 
mont; received a common school 
education; served a number of years 



Biographical Sketches, 



149 



as a clerk in a store ; was clerk of 
the court ia his native county for 
sixteen years; and was elected a 
Representative in Congress, for the 
term from 1833 to 1835, but died 
at Saratoga Springs, whither he 
had gone for his health, July 11, 
1834. 

DE MOTT, JOHN. 

He was born in New Jersey, was 
a member of the New York As- 
sembly, in 1833 ; and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, 
from 1845 to 1847. 

DENNIS, JOHN. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1837 to 1841. 

DENNIS, LITTLETON P. 

He graduated at Yale College in 
1803, and was elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Maryland, 
from 1833 to 1835, and died at 
Washington, April 14, 1834, before 
the expiration of his term in Con- 
gress. 

DENNISON, GEORGE. 

He was boi'n in Luzerne County, 
Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1819 to 1823. 

DENNY, HARMAR. 

Born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, 
in 1794; graduated at Dickinson 
College ; was a member of the Le- 
gislature of his native State, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 



1829 to 1837, and a member of the 
Convention which formed the pre- 
sent Constitution of Pennsylvania. 
He died in Pittsburg, January 29, 

1852. 

DENT, GEORGE. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1793 to 
1801, and was appointed in the 
latter year United States Marshal 
for the Potomac District. During 
the third session of the Fifth Con- 
gress he was elected Speaker of 
the House of Representatives. 

DENT, WILLIAM B. W. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Georgia, from 1853 to 1855. 

DENVER, JAMES W. 

Born in Winchester, Virginia, in 
1818. When quite young he emi- 
grated to Ohio with his parents ; 
received a good education ; in 1841 
he went to Missouri, where he 
taught school and studied law ; he 
served in the Mexican war as a 
captain, under appointment from 
President Polk ; in 1850 he went to 
California, where he was appointed 
member of a relief committee to 
protect emigrants ; and, afterwards, 
Secretary of State of California; 
he was a Representative, from Ca- 
lifornia, in the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress; by President Buchanan he 
was appointed Commissioner of In- 
dian Affairs, which office he resign- 
ed to accept the appointment of 
Governor of the Territory of Kan- 



150 



Biographical Sketches. 



sas, which position he resigned in 
November, 1858, and was re-ap- 
pointed Commissioner of Indian 
Affairs. 

DESAUSSURE, WILLIAM F. 

He was born in South Carolina ;" 
graduated at Harvard University 
in 1810; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from his native State, 
from 1852 to 1853. 

DESHA, JOSEPH. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
December 9, 1Y68, and emigrated 
to Kentucky in IT 81; in 1194 he 
served as a volunteer in the expe- 
dition against the Indians, under 
General Wayne ; served for a time 
in the State Legislature ; fought at 
the battle of the Thames, as a ma- 
jor-general ; was a Representative 
in Congress, from 181*7 to 1819; 
was Grovernor of Kentucky for four 
years, from 1824 ; and died at 
Georgetown, Kentucky, October 11, 
1842. 

DESHA, ROBERT. 

He was a prominent merchant of 
Mobile, where he died, February 8, 
1849 ; and a Representative in 
Congress, from Tennessee, from 
1821 to 1831. 

DEW ART, LEWIS. 

He was a native of Pennsylvania, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1831 to 1833. 

DEWART, WILLIAM L. 

He was born in Pennsylvania ; is 
a lawyer by profession, and a mem- 



ber of the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
from his native State. He is Chair- 
man of the Committee on Unfinished 
Business. 

DEWEY, DANIEL. 

Was a lawyer, having studied 
under Theodore Sedgwick, and at- 
tained a high rank in his profession. 
He was a member of the Council of 
the State, and a Representative in 
Congress, from Berkshire District, 
Massachusetts, in 1813 and 1814 ; 
was appointed Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of Massachusetts in 
1814. He died June 3, 1815. 

DE WITT, ALEXANDER. 

Born in Worcester County, Mas- 
sachusetts, April 2, 1198. He is a 
bank president; was once in the 
Legislature of his native State, and 
a Representative in Congress, dur- 
ing the years 1856 and 1851. 

DE WITT, CHARLES G. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1829 
to 1831, and appointed Charge 
d' Affaires, for Central America, in 
1833. He died atNewburg, April 
13, 1839. 

DE WITT, JACOB H. 

He was born in Ulster County, 
New York, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, 
from 1819 to 1821, and a member 
of the New York Assembly in 1839 
and in 1841. He died at Kingston, 
New York, January 30, 1851, aged 
seventy-three years. 



Biographical Sketches. 



151 



DE WOLFE, JAMES. 
He was a Senator of the United 
States, from Rhode Island, from 
1821 to 1825, and died in the City 
of New York, December 21, 1837, 
aged seventy-four years. 

DEXTER, SAMUEL. 

Was a native of Massachusetts, 
and born in 1T61 ; he graduated at 
Harvard College in 1781 ; and, 
having studied law at Worcester, 
with Levi Lincoln, he soon rose to 
professional eminence. He was a 
member of the House of Represen- 
tatives in Congress, from 1793 to 
1795, and was elected to the Senate, 
serving from 1799 to 1800. Dur- 
ing the administration of John 
Adams he was appointed Secretary 
of War, in 1800, and Secretary of 
the Treasury, in January, 1801 ; 
and, for a short time, also, had the 
charge of the Department of State. 
On the accession of Mr. Jefferson 
to the Presidency, he held the office 
of Secretary of the Treasury, and, 
not complying with an intimation 
to resign, Mr. Gallatin was ap- 
pointed in his place. In 1812 he 
abandoned the party to which he 
had always been attached, and be- 
came a leader on the other side, 
and, as such, was the candidate for 
Governor of Massachusetts, in 1815 
and 1816, in opposition to Governor 
Brooks, A mission to Spain was 
offered him, by Mr. Madison, in 
1815. He died in 1816. 

DICK, JOHN. 
Was born in Pennsylvania, was 
bred a merchant, and was a mem- 



ber of Congress, from said State, 
in 1854 and 1855, and was re-elected 
to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth 
Congresses, serving as a member 
of the Committee on Accounts, 

DICKENS, SAMUEL. 
A Representative in Congress, 
from North Carolina, during the 
years 1816 and 1817. 

DICKERSON, MAHLON. 

Born in Morris County, New Jer- 
sey, in 1769 ; graduated at Prince- 
ton College in 1789; studied law, 
and in early life he resided in Penn- 
sylvania, where he was Recorder of 
the City of Philadelphia, and sub- 
sequently Quartermaster-General of 
the State ; he returned to New Jer- 
sey, and was elected to the Legis- 
lature of that State. He was Judge 
of the Supreme Court of New Jer- 
sey, and was elected Governor of 
that State in 1815, and held the 
office until 1817, when he was chosen 
United States Senator, and con- 
tinued in that office for sixteen 
years. In 1834 he became Secre- 
tary of the Navy, in the cabinet of 
President Jackson, and held that 
department until 1838, some two 
years after the accession of Presi- 
dent Van Buren. Por two years 
he was President of the American 
Institute. He died in Morris 
County, New Jersey, October 5, 
1853. 

DICKERSON, PHILEMON. 

A native of New Jersey, was an 
officer in the war of the American 
Revolution, and enjoyed a great 



152 



Biographical Sketches'. 



reputation for courage and zeal in 
the cause of liberty. He com- 
manded the Jersey militia at the 
battle of Monmouth ; and after the 
organization of the National Go- 
vernment in its present form he 
was appointed a Senator in Con-, 
gress, from 1^90 to 1*793. Having 
discharged in a satisfactory manner 
the duties of the several civil and 
military stations which he held, he 
enjoyed several years of retirement 
from public life ; and died at Tren- 
ton in 1809. He was a Delegate 
from Delaware, to the Continental 
Congress, from 1782 to 1783. 

DICKERSON, PHILEMON. 

He was the son of the above and 
a native of New Jersey, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from the 
Paterson District in that State, 
from 1833 to 1831, and again from 
1839 to 1841. 

DICKEY, JESSE C. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1849 to 1851. 

DICKEY, JOHN. 

He was a member of Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1843 to 
1845, and from 1847 to 1849; and 
at the time of his death, was United 
States Marshal for Western Penn- 
sylvania. He died in Beaver 
County, March 14, 1853. 

DICKINSON, DANIEL S. 

He was born in Goshen, Litch- 
field County, Connecticut, Septem- 



ber 11, 1800; removed with his 
family to New York in 1806 ; he 
was self-educated, and adopted the 
profession of law. He was at one 
time in the State Senate ; was 
Judge of the Court of Errors from 
1836 to 1841 ; he was Lieutenant- 
Governor, President of the Senate 
and of said court, from 1842 to 
1844 ; was a Democratic Elector 
in 1844 ; and a Senator in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1844 
to 1851, since which time he has 
lived in retirement. 

DICKINSON, DAVID W. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1833 
to 1835, and again from 1843 to 
1845, and died at Franklin, Ten- 
nessee, April 27, of the latter year. 

DICKINSON, EDWARD. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1853 to 
1855. 

DICKINSON, JOHN D. 

He was born in Middlesex 
County, Connecticut, in 1767; gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1785, 
and was a member of Congress, 
from New York, from 1819 to 1823, 
and again from 1827 to 1831 ; and 
died at Troy, January 28, 1841. 

DICKINSON, RUDOLPHUS. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and having removed to Ohio, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1847 to 1849. 



Biographical Sketches. 



153 



DICKSON, DAVID. 

He was a member of Congress, 
from Mississippi, in 1835 and 1836, 
and died at Little Rock, Arkansas, 
• July 31, 1836. 

DICKSON, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from ]Vew York, from 1831 
to 1835, and died at West Bloom- 
field, New York, February 22, 1852. 

DICKSON, SAMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Xew York, during the 
Thirty-fourth Congress. He died 
at his residence, in New Scotland, 
New York, May 3, 1858, in conse- 
quence of spinal injuries received 
while in the faithful discharge of 
his public duties at Washington. 
He had been bred a physician, and 
was universally respected. 

DICKSON, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1801 to 
1807. 

DILLET, JAMES. 

He was a native of South Caro- 
lina, and one of the early graduates 
of the university of that State, hav- 
ing left it in 1810 ; he adopted the 
profession of law ; removed to Ala- 
bama in 1818, where he was appoint- 
ed a Judge of the Circuit Court, 
and frequently represented his coun- 
ty in the State Legislature, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Alabama, from 1839 to 1841, and 
again from 1843 to 1845. He died 



at Claiborne, December 21, 1848, 
aged sixty years. 

DILLINGHAM, PAUL, Jb. 

He was born at Shutesbury, 
Franklin County, Massachusetts, 
August, 1800 ; removed to Water- 
bury, Vermont, with his father, in 
1805 ; received a good education ; 
adopted the profession of law ; and 
was admitted to practice, in Wash- 
ington County, in 1824. He was 
Town Clerk of Waterbury, from 
1829 to 1844, and Justice of the 
Peace eighteen years. He was 
States Attorney, for Washington 
County, from 1835 to 1838 ; was a 
member of the Constitutional Con- 
vention in 1836 and 183Y. He was a 
Representative to the General As- 
sembly six years, and State Senator 
in 1841 and 1842; and elected a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1843 to 184*7, and was a member of 
the Committee on the Judiciary. 
He has since that time devoted 
himself to the practice of his pro- 
fession. 

DIMMICK, MILO M. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1849 to 
1853. 

DIMMICK, W. H. 

He was born in Milford, Pike 
County, Pennsylvania, December 20, 
1815. He received an academical 
education, and adopted the profes- 
sion of law. He was Prosecuting 
Attorney, for the Commonwealth 



154 



Biographical Sketches. 



of Pennsylvania, for Wayne County, 
in 1836 and 183*7 ; was a member 
of the State Senate in 1845, 1846, 
and 184T ; and was elected a Rep- 
resentative, from Pennsylvania, in 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, officiating 
as Chairman of the Joint Commit- 
tee on the Library. He has also 
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress. 

DIMOCK, DAVIS, Jr. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1841 
to 1842. 

DINSMOOR, SAMUEL. 

He was born at Londonderry, 
IS'ew Hampshire, in 1166 ; gradu- 
ated at Dartmouth College in 1189 ; 
was for many years a major-general 
of militia ; a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1811 to 1813; a Judge of Probate ; 
and served as Governor of his na- 
tive State during the years 1831, 
1832, and 1833. He died at Keene, 
March 15, 1835. 

DISNEY, DAVID T. 

He was a native of Baltimore, 
Maryland, and removed to Cincin- 
nati, Ohio, in 1820. He was fre- 
quently a member of both branches 
of the State Legislature of Ohio, 
and three times elected Speaker. 
He represented his adopted State 
in Congress, from 1849 to 1855. 
He died in Washington, March 14, 
1851, aged fifty-four years. 



DIX, JOHN A. 

Born in Boscawen, New Hamp- 
shire, July 24, 1198. He com- 
menced his education by attending 
the academies at Salisbury and Ex- 
eter; spent one year in a French 
College at Montreal; and, in 1812, 
was appointed a cadet in the army, 
but, instead of going to West Point, 
preferred to join the army on the 
frontier as an ensign; and, in 1813, 
he was acting adjutant of an inde- 
pendent battalion. In 1819 he 
was aid-de-camp to Major-Ceneral 
Brown, but devoted his leisure to 
the study of law ; from that time 
until 1828, he visited Cuba and 
traveled in Europe for his health, 
when he settled at Cooperstown, as 
a lawyer. In 1831 he was adjutant- 
general under Governor Throop ; in 
1833 he was appointed Secretary 
of State of New York, and was a 
Regent of the State University ; in 
1841 he was elected to the Assem- 
bly, from Albany ; and after making 
another visit abroad, was elected to 
the United States Senate, where he 
served from 1845 to 1849. Of late 
years, he has been chiefly engaged 
in the management of a large estate. 
In 1820 he raceived from Brown 
University the degree of Master of 
Arts, and in 1845, from Geneva 
College, the degree of Doctor of 
Laws. 

DIXON, ARCHIBALD. 

Was born in Caswell County, 
North Carolina, April 2, 1802, and 
removed with his father to Hender- 
son County, Kentucky, in 1805. 



Biographical Sketches. 



155 



He received only a plain English 
education at the county schools, 
but made good use of his advan- 
tages, and at the age of twenty, 
entered upon the study of law, and 
acquired considerable reputation as 
a lawyer. In 1830 he was a Repre- 
sentative in the Legislature, and in 
1836 in the State Senate, and again 
in the Lower House in 1841. In 
1843 was elected Lieutenant-Gover- 
nor of Kentucky. In 1849 was a 
member of the Constitutional Con- 
vention for reforming State laws, 
and was a member of the United 
States Senate, from 1852 to 1855, 
being elected to fill the vacancy oc- 
casioned by the resignation of his 
friend, Henry Clay. 

DIXON, .JAMES. 

Born in Enfield, Connecticut, in 
1814 ; graduated at Williams Col- 
lege, Williamstown, Massachusetts, 
in 1834 ; is a lawyer by profession ; 
and was a member of the House in 
the Legislature of Connecticut, in 
1SS1, 1838, and 1844, and of the 
State Senate in 1849 and 1854; 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from 1845 to 1849 ; also elected a 
Senator for six years, from March 
4, 185T. He is a member of the 
Committees on Post-roads and Con- 
tingent Expenses of the Senate. 

DIXON", JOSEPH HENRY. 

A Representative in Congress, 
from North Carolina, from 1199 to 
1801. 



DIXON, NATHAN F. 

Born at Plainfield, Cbiihecticut, 
in 1114 ; graduated at Brown Uni- 
versity in l*r99; studied law, and 
established himself in Rhode Island, 
in 1802, to practice his profession. 
In 1813 he was elected a member 
of the General Assembly of that 
State, to which he was appointed 
at thirty-four successive elections. 
From 1839 to 1842 he was a Sena- 
tor of the United States. He died 
at Washington, District of Colum- 
bia, January 29, 1842. 

DIXON, NATHAN F. 

Born in Westerly, Rhode Island, 
May 1, 1812 ; fitted for College at 
Plainfield Academy ; and graduated 
at Brown University in 1833. He 
attended the law schools at New 
Haven and Cambridge, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in New London 
in 1831, and engaged in the practice 
of his profession in Rhode Island 
and in Connecticut. He was a 
member of the General Assembly of 
Rhode Island, from 1840 to 1849, 
and was elected a Representative in 
the Thirty-first Congress. In 1851 
he was again elected to the General 
Assembly, and, with the exception 
of two years, has held the office to 
the present time. 

DOANE, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Maine, and hav- 
ing removed to Ohio, was elected a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1839 to 1843. 



156 



Biographical Sketches. 



DOBBIN, JAMES C. 

He was born in 1814 ; graduated 
at the University of North Caro- 
lina in 1832. He was a lawyer by 
profession, and was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from his 
native State, in 1845, and declined 
a re-election. He served in the 
State Legislature in 1848 and 1850, 
and during the last session officiated 
as Speaker. His eloquence at the 
bar and in the legislative hall, is 
said to have been of the most win- 
ning character, and his urbane man- 
ners and amiable disposition made 
him a general favorite. He was 
Secretary of the Navy during the 
whole of President Pierce's admin- 
istration, and he died in Fayetteville, 
North Carohna, August 4, 185T. 

DOCKERY, A. 

He was a native of North Caro- 
lina, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1845 
to 184Y, and again from 1851 to 
1853. 

DODD, EDWARD. 

Born in Salem, Washington Co., 
New York, in 1805; was bred a 
merchant ; chosen County Clerk of 
the County of Washington for three 
terms.of three years each, commenc- 
ing January 1, 1835 ; was a mem- 
ber of the Constitutional Conven- 
tion of New York in 1846 ; and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1855 to the present time, serving 
on the Committee on the District 
of Columbia. 



DODDRIDGE, PHILIP. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, in 1829, and 
continued in that position until his 
death, which occurred in Washing- 
ton, November 19, 1832. He was 
a distinguished lawyer, and com- 
manded great influence in Congress. 
He was about sixty years of age. 

DODGE, AUGUSTUS C. 

He was born in Missouri, and 
was a Delegate to Congress, from 
the Territory of Iowa, from 1841 to 
184*7 ; a Senator in Congress from 
the State of Iowa from 1848 to 
1855; after which he received, from 
President Pierce, the appointment 
of Minister to Spain, which he has 
recently resigned. 

DODGE, HENRY. 

He was born in Indiana, and re- 
moving to Wisconsin, served, with 
great credit, as an officer of volun- 
teers, on the Northwestern frontiers. 
He distinguished himself especially 
in the Black Hawk war, and, as an 
Indian fighter, was thought to have 
no superior. When the first regi- 
ment of dragoons was raised in 
1833, he was appointed Colonel, 
which office he resigned in 1836, 
when he was appointed Governor of 
Wisconsin Territory and Superin- 
tendent of Indian Affairs. He was 
a Delegate to Congress, from Wis- 
consin, from 1841 to 1845, and a 
Senator in Congress, from the State 
of Wisconsin, from 1849 to 1851. 



Biographical Sketches. 



157 



DOIG, ANDEEAV W. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1839 to 1843, 
having previously served one year 
in the State Assembly. 

DONEYELLES, PETER. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1813 to 
1815. 

DONNELL, RICHARD S. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1841 to 
1849. 

DOOLITTLE, J. R. 

Born in Hampton, Washington 
County, New York, January 3, 
1815 ; graduated at Geneva College 
in 1834; is a lawyer by profession, 
and was admitted to the Supreme 
Court of New York in 1837. He 
was District Attorney, for several 
years, for Wyoming County, New 
York; and removed to Wisconsin 
in 1851 ; was chosen Judge of the 
First Judicial Circuit of that State 
in 1853, but resigned in 1856. He 
was elected a Senator of the United 
States in 1857, for six years, and is 
a member of the Committee on In- 
dian Affairs. 

DORSEY, CLEMENT. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1825 to 
1831. 



DOTY, JAMES D. 

He was born in New York, was 
a Delegate to Congress, from the 
Territory of Wisconsin, from 1839 
to 1841, and a Representative in 
Congress, from the State of Wis- 
consin, from 1849 to 1853. 

DOUBLEDAY, ULYSSES F. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1831 to 1833, 
and again from 1835 to 1837. 

DOUGLAS, STEPHEN A. 

Was born at Brandon, Rutland 
County, Vermont, April 23, 1813. 
He lost his father while an infant, 
and his mother being left in desti- 
tute circumstances, he entered a 
cabinet shop at Middlebury, in his 
native State, for the purpose of 
learning the trade. After remain- 
ing there for several months, he re- 
turned to Brandon, where he conti- 
nued for a year at the same calling, 
but his health obliged him to aban- 
don it, and he became a student in 
the academy. His mother having 
married a second time, he followed 
her to Canandaigua, in the State of 
New York. Here he pursued the 
study of the law until his removal 
to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1831. Prom 
Cleveland he went still farther west, 
and finally settled in Jacksonville, 
Illinois. He was at first employed 
as clerk to an auctioneer, and after- 
wards kept school, devoting all the 
time he could spare to the study of 
the law. In 1834 he was admitted 
to the bar, soon obtained a lucrative 



158 



Biographical Sketches. 



practice, and was elected Attorney- 
General of the State. In 183t he 
was appointed, by President Van 
Buren, Register of the Land-office, 
at Springfield, Blinois. He after- 
wards practiced his profession, and, 
in 1840, was elected Secretary of 
State, and the following year Judge 
of the Supreme Court. This of- 
fice he resigned, after sitting upon 
the bench for two years, in conse- 
quence of ill health. In 1843 he 
was elected to Congress, and con- 
tinued a member of the Lower 
House for four years. In Decem- 
ber, 1847, he was elected to the 
United States Senate, of which he 
continues a member. He was, (as 
he had been for several sessions,) 
during the first session of the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, Chairman of the 
Committee on Territories. He has 
also recently been re-elected a Se- 
nator in Congress. 

DOWDELL, JAMES F. 

Born in Jasper County, Georgia, 
November 26,1818; graduated at 
Randolph Macon College in 1840; 
and is a lawyer by profession ; he 
removed to Alabama in 1846, and 
took charge of a female college for 
one year, and afterwards engaged 
in farming and planting. He was 
a Representative from Alabama in 
the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and 
Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is a 
member of the Committee of Ways 
and Means, and also that of Inquiry 
into the Cost of Public Printing 
and Laws Relating thereto. 



DOWNING, CHARLES. 

He was born in Yirginia, and 
was a Delegate to Congress, from 
the Territory of Florida, from 1837 
to 1841. 

DOWNS, SOLOMON U. 

He was Collector of the port of 
New Orleans, and from 1847 to 
1853 a Senator in Congress, from 
Louisiana. He died in Orchard 
Springs, Kentucky, August 14, 
1854. 

DOWSE, EDWARD. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from- Massachusetts, from 
1810 to 1821. 

DRAKE, JOHN R. 

He was one of the earliest set- 
tlers in Tioga County, New York ; 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1817 to 1819; 
was elected Judge of Tioga County 
in 1833 ; and was a member of the 
New York Assembly in 1834. He 
was in ill health for eight years be- 
fore his death, which occurred at 
Oswego, March 21, 1857, in the 
seventy-fourth year of his age. 

DRAPER, JOSEPH. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 1830 to 
1831, and again from 1832 to 183.^. 

DRAYTON, WILLIAM. 

Was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1825 to 1833, but was a resident of 



Biographical Sketches. 



159 



Philadelphia for many years, in 
which city he died May 24, 1846. 

DRUM AUGUSTUS. 
He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1853 
to 1855. 

DRUMGOOLE, GEORGE C. 

He was born in Yirginia ; edu- 
cated a lawyer ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Yir- 
ginia, from 1835 to 1841, and also 
from 1843 to 184t ; and died April 
28, 1847. 

DUDLEY, CHARLES E. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from New York, from 1828 to 1833, 
and died January 23, 1841. 

DUDLEY, EDWARD B. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1829 to 1831 ; and in 
1836 was elected the first Gover- 
nor of North Carolina under the 
amended Constitution of that State. 
He was subsequently appointed 
President of the Wilmington and 
Raleigh Railroad Company, and 
died at Wilmington, North Caro- 
lina, in November, 1855. 

DUNBAR, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Louisiana, from 1853 
to 1855. 

DUNCAN, ALEXANDER. 

Was a member of the House of 
Representatives in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1837 to 1841, and from 



1843 to 1845. He died in Cincin- 
nati, Ohio, March 2, 1852. 

DUNCAN, DANIEL. 

Born in the town of Shippens- 
burg, Cumberland County, Penn- 
sylvania, July 22, 1806, and died 
in Washington, June 18, 1849. 
He was bred a merchant, and in 
1843 was elected to the Legislature 
of Ohio, from Licking County. He 
was a Representative in Congress 
from 1847 to 1849; and more a 
man of action than of words. 

DUNCAN, GARNETT. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1847 to 1849. 

DUNCAN, JAMES H. 

^ He was a native of Massachu- 
setts, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1853. 

DUNCAN, JOSEPH. 

He served in the army with cre- 
dit during the late war with Eng- 
land ; held various offices of dis- 
tinction and trust ; was at one time 
Governor of Illinois, and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1827 to 1835. He died 
at Jacksonville, Illinois, January 
15, 1844. 

DUER, WILLIAM. 

Born in the City of New York, 
May 25, 1805. He graduated at 
Columbia College in 1824; studied 
law, and, in 1828, removed to Os- 



160 



Biographical Sketches. 



wego, soon after returning to New 
York ; he subsequently removed to 
New Orleans, and again returned to 
Oswego ; he served in the Legisla- 
ture of New York, on two occasions ; 
was District Attorney for Oswego 
County, and a Representative in 
Congress, from 1841 to 1851. 

DUNHAM, CYRUS L. 

He is a native of New York 
State. As a farmer's boy he work- 
ed laboriously during the summer 
months, to obtain means for his 
education during the winter ; after 
acquiring the rudiments, he filled 
the humblest position on board a 
fishing craft from one of the sea- 
ports of Massachusetts, to New- 
foundland, and after completing his 
studies, he removed to Salem, Indi- 
ana, taught school and studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar. He 
was elected to the Legislature of 
Indiana, in 1846 and 1841, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1849 to 1855. 

DUNLAP, ROBERT P. 

He was born in Maine ; gradu- 
ated at Bowdoin College in 1815 ; 
studied law and was admitted to the 
bar in 1818 ; in 1821 and 1822 was 
a member of the State Legislature ; 
in 1823 he was elected a State Se- 
nator, and presided over that body 
for several years ; in 1833 he was 
a member of the Executive Council 
of Maine ; in 1834 he was elected 
Governor of Maine, and served four 
years ; and he was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1843 to 



1841. He is at the present time 
President of the Board of Over- 
seers of Bowdoin College. 

DUNLAP, WILLIAM C. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 1831. 

DUNN, GEORGE G. 

He was born in 1813, and died 
in Lawrence County, Indiana, in 
September, 1851 He had held 
many high official trusts, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1841 to 1849. He was a lawyer, 
and noted for his abilities as an 
orator. 

DUNN, GEORGE H. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Indiana, from 1831 to 
1839. 

DURELL, DANIEL M. 

He was born in Massachusetts; 
graduated at Dartmouth College in 
1194 ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from New Hampshire, 
from 1801 to 1809. He died in 
1841, aged seventy-one years. 

DURFEE, JOB. 

He was born at Tiverton, Rhode 
Island, in 1190; graduated at 
Brown University in 1813 ; adopt- 
ed the profession of the law ; and 
though for a long time was Chief 
Justice of Rhode Island, he devoted 
much attention to poetry and Belles- 
lettres generally. He was a Rep- 
resentative in Congress, from Rhode 
Island, from 1821 to 1825. He died 
in 1841. 



Biographical Sketches. 



161 



DURFEE, NATHANIEL B. 

He was born in Tiverton, Rhode 
Island, September 29, 1812; re- 
ceived a good classical education at 
Newport; from 1838 to 1850 de- 
voted himself to the pursuits of 
agriculture ; he represented the 
town of Warwick, some seven or 
eight years, in the State Legisla- 
ture, and the town of Tiverton, four 
years; and, having been elected a 
member of the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress, served his term, and was re- 
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Manu- 
factures. 

DUEKEE, CHARLES. 
Born in Royalton, Vermont, De- 
cember 5, 180Y ; was a merchant; 
removed to Wisconsin, and was 
elected to the Legislature of that 
State, in 183Y and 1838 ; a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, in 1848 and 
1850 ; and a United States Senator 
for six years, commencing March, 
1855, and is a member of the Com- 
mittees on Revolutionary and Pri- 
vate Land Claims. 

DUVAL, WILLIAM P. 
Born in Virginia in 1184, but in 
early life went to Kentucky, where 
he studied and practiced law ; he 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1813 to 1815; and in 1822 
was appointed Governor of Flo- 
rida, by President Monroe, and re- 
appointed by Adams and Jackson. 
In 1848 he removed to Texas, and 
was Governor of that State. He 
died in Washington, District of 
Columbia, March 19, 1854. 

11 



DUVALL, GABRIEL. 

He was born in 1151, of a Hu- 
guenot family ; served as a clerk 
to the first Legislature of Mary- 
land, before the Declaration of In- 
dependence ; he was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Maryland, 
from 1794 to 1*796; Comptroller 
of the United States Treasury in 
1802; and in 1811 was appointed 
a Judge of the Supreme Court of 
the State, which office he held for 
twenty years. He died in Prince 
George County, Maryland, March 
6, 1844. 

DWIGHT, HENRY W. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1821 to 1831, and died in New 
York, February 21, 1845. 

DWIGHT, THEODORE. 

Born in Northampton, Massa- 
chusetts, in 1165. Soon after the 
Revolution he studied law, and at- 
tained a high position as a lawyer; 
for a great number of years he was 
a State Senator in Connecticut ; 
and he was a Representative in 
Congress, during the years 1806 
and ISOT. He was a ready and 
brilliant writer ; conducted for a 
time the Hartford Mirror; was 
Secretary of the Hartford Conven- 
tion, of which he wrote the authen- 
tic history ; in 1815, at the sugges- 
tion of leading men, he established 
the Albany Daily Advertiser; and 
in 181T founded the Neiv York 
Daily Advertiser, which he con- 
ducted with signal ability until 



162 



Biographical Sketches. 



1836, when he removed to Hart- 
ford, Connecticut, and retired from 
active life. About three years be- 
fore his death, he went to New 
York to reside with his son, and 
died in that city, June 11, 1846. 

DWIGHT, THOMAS. 

He graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity in 1*718; was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Massachu- 
setts, from 1803 to 1805; and died 
in 1819. 

DWINELL, JUSTIN. 

He graduated at Yale College 
in 1805; was a member of the New 
York Assembly in 1821 and 1822; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1823 
to 1825. 

EAGER, S. W. 

He graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1809 ; and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1829 to 1881. 

EARLE, ELIAS. 
He was born in Frederick County, 
Yirginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from South Carolina, 
from 1805 to 1801, from 1811 to 
1815, and again from 18mo 1821. 

EARLE, JOHN B. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1808 to 1805. 

EARLE, SAMUEL. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1195 to 1191. 



EARLL, JONAS. 

Born in 1186, was at one time a 
Senator in the New York Legisla- 
ture, a member of Congress, from 
that State, from 1821 to 1831, and 
a Canal Commissioner at the time of 
his death, which occurred at Syra- 
cuse, New York, in October, 1846. 

EARLL, NEHEMIAH H. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1839 to 1841. 

EARLY, PETER. 

Born in Madison County, Vir- 
ginia, June 20, 1113, and emigrated 
to Georgia with his father in 1195. 
He graduated at Nassau Hall, 
Princeton, and studied law in Phi- 
ladelphia. He served in the United 
States House of Representatives, 
from Georgia, from 1802 to 1801 ; 
and was one of the most conspi- 
cuous among its members who sup- 
ported the Administration. On 
his return to Georgia, he was made 
a Judge of the Supreme Court of 
the State, and in 1813 was elected 
Governor of his adopted State. He 
was subsequently a State Senator, 
but for several years before his 
death lived in retirement. He died 
August 15, 1811. 

EASTMAN, BENJAMIN C. 

A Representative in Congress, 
from Wisconsin, from 1851 to 1855, 
and died February 5, 1856, at 
Platteville, in that State. 



Biographical Sketches. 



163 



EASTMAN, IRA A. 

He was born in New Hampshire ; 
graduated at Dartmouth College in 
1829 ; served in the State Legisla- 
ture ; was a Judge of the Supreme 
Court ; and was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1839 to 1843. 

EASTMAN, NEHEMIAH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1825 to 1827. 

EASTON, RUFUS. 

He was a Delegate to Congress, 
from Missouri Territory, from 1814 
to 1816. 

EATON, JOHN H. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1818 to 1829 ; 
was Secretary of War under Presi- 
dent Jackson, (as well as a warm 
personal friend,) from 1829 to 1831 ; 
from 1834 to 1836 was Governor of 
the Territory of Florida ; and from 
1836 to 1840, Minister Plenipoten- 
tiary to Spain. He died in Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia, No- 
vember 11, 1856, aged sixty-six 
years. 

EATON, LEWIS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1823 
to 1825. 

ECKERT, GEORGE N. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1847 
to 1849. 



EDDY, NORMAN. 

He was born in New York, and 
having removed to Indiana, was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

EDDY, SAMUEL. 
Born in Johnson, Rhode Island, 
March 31, 1769; graduated at 
Brown University in 1787 ; studied 
law, but did not long engage in 
practice. In 1798 he was chosen 
Secretary of State, and held the 
office for twenty-one years, when he 
resigned, and was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from his 
native State, from 1819 to 1825. 
He was subsequently Chief Justice 
of the Supreme Court of Rhode 
Island, for eight years. He de- 
voted some attention to literary 
pursuits, and published a work on 
"Antiquities," and was honored, in 
1801, with the degree of LL.D. 
He died in Providence, February 
3, 1839. 

EDGERTON, ALFRED P. 
He was born in New York, and 
removing to Ohio, was elected a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1851 to 1855. 

EDIE, JOHN R. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and elected a Representative to 
the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth 
Congresses, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Patents. 

EDMOND, WILLIAM. 

Born at South Britain, Connecti- 
cut, September 28, 1755, and gra- 



164 



Biographical Sketches. 



duated at Yale College in ITTS. 
He was a volunteer soldier at the 
burning of Danbury, and received 
a wound in the leg, which made 
him lame for life. He was a lawyer 
by profession ; was chosen a mem- 
ber of the Legislature, member of 
the Council, and Judge of the 
Supreme Court of the State ; and 
a member of Congress, from It 98 
to 1801. He died in Newton, Con- 
necticut, August 1, 1838. 

EDMONDS, J. WILEY. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1853 
to 1855. 

EDMUNDSON, HENRY A. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
having been elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, in 
1849, has been re-elected to each 
successive Congress, serving at the 
present time as a member of the 
Committee on Public Expenditures. 

EDSALL, JOSEPH. 

He was born in Vermont, and on 
removing to New Jersey, was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 184t to 1849. 

EDWARD, JOHN. 

He was born in 'New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 183t to 1839. 

EDWARDS, BENJAMIN. 

Born in Stafford County, Vir- 
ginia, in 1152, and died in Todd 



County, Kentucky, November 13, 
1826. He had not the advantage 
of a classical education, and his pur- 
suits were those of agriculture and 
merchandise. He was a member 
of the Maryland Legislature; also 
of the State Convention which rati- 
fied the Federal Constitution ; and 
a member of Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1193 to 1195. He spent 
the later years of his life in Ken- 
tucky, but held no public positions 
in that State. 

EDWARDS, FRANCIS S. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
removing to New York, was elected 
a Representative, from that State, 
to the Thirty-fourth Congress. 

EDWARDS, HENRY W. 

He was born at New Haven, Con- 
necticut, in 1119; graduated at 
Princeton College in 1191 ; studied 
his profession at the Litchfield Law 
School, and settled in New Haven. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1819 to 1823; United 
States Senator from 1823 to 1821; 
member of the State Senate in 1828 
and 1829 ; Speaker of the Connec- 
ticut House of Representatives in 
1830; Governor in 1833, and from 
1835 to 1838 ; and upon his recom- 
mendation a geological survey of 
the State was taken. He died in 
New Haven, July 22, 1841. 

EDWARDS, JOHN. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Kentucky, from 1192 to 1195. 



Biographical Sketches. 



165 



EDWARDS, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1839 
to 1843, and died in Chester, Penn- 
sylvania, June 25, 1843. 

EDWARDS, JOHN C. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Missouri, from 1841 to 
1843. 

EDWARDS, NINIAN. 

Born in Montgomery, County, 
Maryland, March, It 75. He was in 
early life the intimate friend of Wil- 
liam Wirt, and graduated at Dicken- 
son College ; he studied both medi- 
cine and law, but devoted himself to 
the practice of the law with eminent 
success ; removing to Kentucky, he 
was twice elected to the Legislature ; 
was appointed a Circuit Clerk ; and 
subsequently Judge of the General 
Court of Kentucky, of the Circuit 
Court, of the Court of Appeals, and 
finally Chief Justice of the State, and 
all before reaching the thirty-second 
year of his age. In 1809 President 
Madison appointed him Governor 
of the Territory of Illinois, to which 
office he was three times re-appoint- 
ed. Before Congress had adopted 
any measures on the subject of vo- 
lunteer rangers, he organized com- 
panies, supplied them with arms, 
built stockade forts, and established 
a line of posts from the mouth of 
the Missouri to the Wabash River ; 
he was thus prepared for defence, 
and during the Indian wars on the 
frontiers, was most devoted to his 
country's service. In 1816 he was 
appointed a Commissioner to treat 



with the Indian tribes. When Illi- 
nois became a State, he was elected 
a Senator in Congress, serving from 
1818 to 1824, when he was appoint- 
ed Minister to Mexico, but declined 
the office. In 1826 he was elected 
Governor of the State of Illinois, 
which office he filled until 1831. 
He died of cholera, July 20, 1833. 

EDWARDS, SAMUEL. 

He was born in Delaware Coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1819 to 1827. 

EDWARDS, THOMAS 0. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
having taken up his residence in 
Ohio, was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1847 to 1849. 

EDWARDS, WELDON N. 

Born in Northampton County, 
North Carolina, in 1788; educated 
at Warrenton Academy ; read law, 
and came to the bar in 1810 ; was 
in the Legislature for two years ; 
and was a member of Congress, 
from 1816 to 1827. He again went 
into the Legislature, serving there 
from 1833 to 1844 ; and was re- 
elected in 1850, when he was made 
President of the State Senate. 

EFFNER, VALENTINE. 

He was born in New York; a 
member of the Assembly of that 
State in 1829, and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1835 to 
1837. 



1C6 



Biographical Sketches. 



EGBERT, JOSEPH. 
He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1843. 

EGE, GEORGE. 
He was a Representative in Con-- 
gress, from New Jersey, during the 
years 1796 and 1797. 

EGGLESTON, JOSEPH. 

Born in Amelia County, Yir- 
Q-inia, November 24, 1754, and died 
February 15, 1811. He was edu- 
cated at the College of William 
and Mary; served in the revolu- 
tionary war, as a captain and major 
of cavalry, under Colonel Henry 
Lee ; was in several of the battles 
fought by Gates and Greene; he 
served in the Virginia Assembly 
for several years; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1798 
to 1801. From the time of his 
leaving Congress until his death, he 
was a justice of the peace. 

ELIOT, SAMUEL A. 
Born in Boston, Massachusetts, 
March 5, 1798; educated at Har- 
vard College, and engaged in com-' 
mercial and manufacturing business. 
He was Mayor of Boston, from 
1837 to 1839; Representative and 
Senator in the Legislature for three 
or four years ; and a Representative 
in Congress, from 1850 to 1851. 
He was also Treasurer of Harvard 
College eleven years. 

ELLERY, CHRISTOPHER. 

He graduated at Yale College in 
1787; was a Senator in Congress, 



from Rhode Island, from 1801 to 
1805 ; and was appointed, in the 
latter year. United States Commis- 
sinner of Loans. He was appointed 
Collector of Newport in 1828; and 
died in 1840. 

ELLICOTT, BENJAMIN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1817 to 
1819. 

ELLIOT, JOHN. 

He graduated at Yale College in 
1794; resided in Sunbury, Liberty 
County, Georgia, and was a Senator 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1819 to 1825, serving on several 
important committees. He died in 
1827. 

ELLIOT, THOMAS D. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1854 
to 1855. 

ELLIOTT, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Vermont, from 1803 to 
1809, and died at Newfane, Ver- 
mont, November 10, 1839. 

ELLIOTT, JOHN M. 

Born in Scott County, Virginia, 
May 16, 1820. He was educated 
in the county schools of Kentucky ; 
studied law, and commenced the 
practice in 1843; was elected to 
the State Legislature in 1847 ; and 
in 1853 was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, which position he 



Biographical Sketches. 



167 



still occupies, serving as 
of the Committee on P 
penditures. 



Ch^mfin I 



ELLSWORTH, OLIVER. 



ELLIS, CALEB. 

Born at Walpole, Massachusetts, 
and graduated at Harvard College 
in 1793 ; when admitted to the bar 
he settled at Claremont, New Hamp- 
shire. He was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1805 to 1809 ; was a 
member of the Council, and in 1811 
elected to the State Senate. In 1812 
he was one of the Electors of Pre- 
sident and Yice-President ; and in 
1813 was Judge of the Supreme 
Court of New Hampshire, and con- 
tinued in that office until his death, 
which occurred May 9, 1816, aged 
forty-nine years. 

ELLIS, CHESELDEN. 
He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1845. 

ELLIS, POWHATTAN. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Mississippi, from 1825 
to 1826, and again from 1827 to 
1833 ; and was appointed United 
States Judge for the Mississippi 
District. 

ELLIS, WILLIAM C. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823 
to 1825. 

ELLISOxN, ANDREW. 
He was born in Ireland, and hav- 
ing emigrated to Ohio, was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1853 to 1855. 



Born at Windsor, Connecticut, 
pril 29, 1745, and graduated at 
Princeton College, New Jersey, in 
1766. He studied law, and soon 
became eminent in the practice. In 
1777 he was chosen a Delegate in 
Congress, from Connecticut. In 
1780 he was elected to the Council 
of Connecticut, and was a member 
of that body till 1784, when he was 
appointed a Judge of the Superior 
Court of that State. In 1787 he 
was elected a member of the Con- 
vention which framed the Federal 
Constitution. In an assembly illus- 
trious for talents, erudition, and 
patriotism, he held a distinguished 
place. His exertions essentially 
aided in the production of an instru- 
ment which has been the main pil- 
lar of American prosperity and glo- 
ry. He was afterwards a member 
of the State Convention of Connec- 
ticut, and contributed his efforts 
toward procuring the ratification of 
the Constitution by that State. 
When the Federal Government was 
organized, in 1789, he was a mem- 
ber of the Senate, from Connecticut. 
In 1796 he was appointed, by Wash- 
ington,Chief Justice of the Supreme 
Court of the IJnited States, but re- 
signed the office, on account of ill 
health, in 1800. In 1799 he was 
appointed, by President Adams, 
Envoy Extraordinary to France, 
for the purpose of settling a treaty 
with that nation. He received the 
degree of LIj.D., in 1790, from Yale 
College, and in 1797 from Dart- 
mouth. He died November 26, 1807. 



168 



Biographical Sketches. 



ELLSWORTH, SAMUEL S. 
He was born in Yermont ; was 
member of the IS'ew York Assembl 
in 1840, and a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1845 to 184T. 



ELLSWORTH, WILLIAM W. 
He was born in Windsor, Hart- 
ford County, Connecticut, Novem- 
ber 10, IT 91; graduated at Yale 
College in 1810; adopted the pro- 
fession of law, and was Professor of 
Law in Trinity College ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Connecticut, from 1829 to 1833. 
In 1838 he was elected Governor of 
Connecticut, and re-elected four 
years ; and for many years past has 
been a Judge of the Supreme Court 
of Connecticut. 

ELMENDORF, LUCAS. 
He graduated at Princeton in 
1182, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 
1797 to 1803 ; a member of the As- 
sembly of that State in 1804 and 
1805 ; and a State Senator fi"om 
1814 to 181t. 

ELMER, EBENEZER. 
He was born in Cedarville, New 
Jersey, in 1152 ; was educated a 
physician ; was a field-officer in the 
revolutionary war ; also a surgeon in 
the army ; was President of the So- 
ciety of the Cincinnati for New Jer- 
sey ; a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1801 to 1801; 
served a number of years in the 
State Assembly, and was chosen 
Speaker; he was also for a long 




tim^^djutant-general of the New 
litia; during the war of 
jommanded the troops on 
Lware ; in 1801 and 1815 
fas a member and Vice-Presi- 
dent of the State Council ; in 1808 he 
was appointed Collector of Bridge- 
ton, and held the office for many 
years ; and he died at Bridgeton, 
New Jersey, October 18, 1843. He 
was one who always seemed to 
think more of his duty as a public 
officer than of his private interests. 

ELMER, JONATHAN. 
He was born in Cumberland 
County, New Jersey, in 1145 ; was 
a prominent physician, and prac- 
ticed in his native county, having 
graduated with honors at the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania ; was a mem- 
ber of the Continental Congress; 
and a Senator in Congress under the 
Federal Constitution, from 1189 to 
1191. During the Revolution, he 
was a sheriff, a surrogate, and a 
judge ; was a man of learning, and 
member of the Philosophical Soci- 
ety of America. He died in 1811. 

ELMER, LUCIUS Q. C. 
Born in Bridgeton, New Jersey, 
in 1193; graduated at Princeton 
College ; was educated a lawyer, 
which profession he practiced in his 
native town. For many years he 
was Prosecutor for the State ; was 
in the Assembly from 1820 to 1823, 
the last year being Speaker of that 
body ; and in 1824 he was appointed 
Attorney of the United States for 
New Jersey, which office he filled 
until 1829. He was a Representa- 



Biographical Sketches. 



169 



tive in Congress, from Xew Jersey, 
from 1843 to 1845; in 1850 was 
appointed Attorney-General of the 
State ; and in 1852 one of the Jus- 
tices of the Supreme Court of his 
State, which office he continues to 
hold. 

ELMORE, FRANKLIN HARPER. 

Born in Laurens District, South 
Carolina, in 1799; entered South 
Carolina College in November, 
1817, and graduated in 1819; he 
was a lawyer by profession, and 
admitted to the bar in 1821, In 
1822 he was elected Solicitor of the 
Southern Circuit, and was continued 
in this office by re-elections, until 
1837, when he was elected to the 
House of Representatives in Con- 
gress, and served till 1839 ; he was 
that year elected President of the 
Bank of the State of South Caro- 
lina, which office he held till his 
nomination to the Senate in 1850, 
to fill the vacancy occasioned by the 
death of the-Hon. John C. Calhoun. 
His voice was heard but once in the 
Senate, and then in answering to 
his name when called by the Secre- 
tary. He died in Washington, Dis- 
trict of Columbia, May 29, 1850. 

ELY, JOHN. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1839 to 1841, 
having previously served two years 
in the Assembly of that State. 

ELY, AVILLIAM. 

He graduated at Yale College in 
1787 ; was a Representative in Con- 



gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1805 to 1815, and died 1817. 

EMBREE, ELISHA. 

Born in Lincoln County, Ken- 
tucky, September 28, 1801, and re- 
moved with his father, in 1811, to 
the Southwestern portion of In- 
diana Territory, where he has con- 
tinued to reside. He received a 
common school education, after 
which he studied and practiced law. 
In 1813 he was elected to the State 
Senate of Indiana; in 1835 was 
chosen, by the Legislature, Circuit 
Judge, which office he held for ten 
years. In 1847 he was elected Re- 
presentative in the Thirtieth Con- 
gress, and since the expiration of 
that term has been engaged in agri- 
cultural pursuits. 

EMOTT, JAMES. 

Born in Albany, New York, in 
1770; he did not receive a colle- 
giate education, but in 1800 Union 
College conferred on him the de- 
gree of A.M. He was a distin- 
guished member of the bar, and 
under the old Constitution of New 
York he, for several years, filled the 
office of first Judge of the Court of 
Common Pleas for his county, and 
in that capacity gave that court a 
rank among the best of the State. 
Under the Constitution of 1821 he 
was appointed Judge for the Second 
District, which station he filled until 
he reached the age of sixty years, 
which required him to retire. He 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from his native State, from 1809 to 



170 



BlOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



1813, and died in Poughkeepsie, 
April 1, 1850. 

EMRIE, J. REECE. 

He was born in Ohio, and elected 
a Representative, from that State, 
to the Thirty-fourth Congress. 

ENGLISH, WILLIAM H. 

Born in Scott County, Indiana, 
August 2*7, 1822. He received a 
good common school education, and 
spent three years at the University 
of South Hanover ; studied law, and 
was admitted to practice in 1845, 
but when at home is chiefly devoted 
to agricultural pursuits; in 1843 he 
was elected Clerk of the House of 
Representatives of Indiana ; during 
President Polk's administration he 
was a clerk in the Treasury Depart- 
ment; he was the Clerk of the State 
Constitutional Convention in 1850 ; 
in 1851 he was elected to the 
State Legislature, and officiated as 
Speaker ; in 1852 he was elected a 
Representative in Congress, re- 
elected in 1854, and made a Regent 
of the Smithsonian Institution ; 
again elected in 1856, and during 
the first session of the Thirty-fifth 
Congress took part in the Kansas 
Compromise measure, and officiated 
at the same time as Chairman of the 
Committee on Post-offices and Post- 
roads. He has been re-elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress. 

EPPES, JOHN W. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1803 to 
1811, and again from 1813 to 1815. 



EPPES, JOHN W. 

Was a Senator in Congress, from 
Virginia, from 181Y to 1819, when 
he resigned from ill health ; he died 
near Richmond, Virginia, Septem- 
ber, 1823, aged fifty years. 

ERDMAN, JACOB. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1845 
to 184t. 

ERWIN, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
ISn to 1821, and died at Darling- 
ton Court-House, South Carolina, 
in October, 1838. 

ESTILL, BENJAMIN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1825 to 

1827. 

ETHERIDGE, EMERSON. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1853 
to 185t. 

EUSTIS, GEORGE, Jr. 

He was born in Louisiana, and 
was educated at Harvard IJniver- 
sity ; practiced law in New Orleans, 
and was elected a Representative 
to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty- 
fifth Congresses, serving at the pre- 
sent time on the Committee of 
Commerce. 



Biographical Sketches. 



171 



EUSTIS, WILLIAM. 
"Was born in Cambridge, Massa- 
chusetts, June 10, 1153. After gra- 
duating at Harvard College in 1112, 
lie studied medicine with Dr. Joseph 
Warren. At the beginning of the 
war he was appointed surgeon of a re- 
giment, and afterwards hospital sur- 
geon. In 1777, and during most 
of the war, he occupied, as a hos- 
pital, the spacious house of Colonel 
Robinson, a royalist, opposite to 
West Point ; Arnold had his head- 
quarters in the same house. At the 
termination of the war, he com- 
menced the practice of his profes- 
sion in Boston. In 1800 he was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, serving until 1805. In 1809 
he was appointed Secretary of War, 
by President Madison, and continu- 
ed in office until, in the late war, the 
army of Hull was surrendered, when 
he resigned. In 1815 he was sent 
as Ambassador to Holland. After 
his return, he was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1820 to 1823. 
He was chosen Governor of Mas- 
sachusetts in 1823, and died in Bos- 
ton, after a short illness, February 
6, 1825. 

EVANS, ALEXANDER. 
He was born at Elkton, Cecil 
County, Maryland, his ancestors 
having settled in that county more 
than a hundred years ago. His 
education was received at a village 
school, until fifteen years of age, 
and his first avocation was that of 
a civil engineer. In 1842 he com- 
menced the study of law in his na- 
tive town, and was admitted to the 



bar in 1845. He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Maryland, 
from 1847 to 1853, since which 
time he has practiced his profession 
at Elkton. In 1842 he was elected 
corresponding member of the Na- 
tional Institute at Washington, and 
in 1849 received the degree of A.M. 
from Delaware College. In 1851 
he was elected a member of the 
American Association for the Ad- 
vancement of Science, and also a 
member of the Historical Society 
of Baltimore. 

EVANS, DAVID R. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1813 to 1815. 

EVANS, GEORGE. 
Born in Hallowell, Maine, Janu- 
ary 12, 1797; graduated at Bow- 
doin College, September 3, 1815; 
is a lawyer by profession; was 
Speaker of the House of Represen- 
tatives of Maine in 1829 ; a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1829 to 
1841, and United States Senator, 
from 1841 to 1847. From 1849 to 
1850 he was a Commissioner of the 
Board of Claims against Mexico ; 
and Attorney-General of Maine in 
1853, 1854, and 1856. 

EVANS, JOSHUA. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 
to 1833. 

EVANS, .JOSIAH J. 
He was born in the District of 
Marlborough, South Carolina, No- 
vember 27, 1786; he was for a time 



172 



Biographical Sketches. 



a merchant's clerk, but graduated 
at South Carolina College in 1808; 
taught school for one year ; studied 
law and rose to a high legal posi- 
tion ; at an early age, in 1812, 1813, 
and 1816, he was sent to the Legis- 
lature ; by that body made Solicitor 
for the State from his District, 
which position he held for thirteen 
years; in 1830 he was chosen a 
Judge of the Supreme Court, which 
ofBce he held until 1852, when he 
was elected to the United States 
Senate. He died May 6, 1858, of 
disease of the heart, having, only 
an hour before his death, been par- 
taking of the hospitalities at din- 
ner of his friend and colleague, 
Senator Hammond. He was Chair- 
man of the Committees on Revo- 
lutionary Claims and on Contingent 
Expenses of the Senate, and also a 
member of the Committees on Pa- 
tents and on Naval Affairs , 

EVANS, LEMUEL D. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was elected a Representative, from 
that State, to the Thirty-fourth 
Congress. 

EVANS, NATHAN. 

Born in Belmont County, Ohio, 
June 24, 1804; received a common 
school education, and studied law, 
being admitted to practice in 1831. 
He was Prosecuting Attorney for 
Guernsey County for four years, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 184T to 1849, and now 
follows his profession in Cambridge, 
Ohio. 



EVANS, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from It 9 7 to 
1801. 

EVERETT, EDWARD. 

Born in Dorchester, Massachu- 
setts, April, 1194. He received his 
early educatian at Boston, and en- 
tered Harvard College when little 
more than thirteen years old, leav- 
ing it with first honors four years 
later, undecided as to a pursuit for 
life. He turned his attention for 
two years to the profession of di- 
vinity; but, in 1814, he was invited 
to accept the new professorship of 
Greek literature at Cambridge, Mas- 
sachusetts, with permission to visit 
Europe. He accepted the office, 
and, before entering on its duties, 
embarked at Boston for Liverpool. 
He passed more than two years at 
the famous University of Gottingen, 
engaged in the study of the Ger- 
man language and the branches of 
learning connected with his depart- 
ment. He passed the winter of 
181 1-1 8 at Paris. The next spring 
he again visited London, and passed 
a few weeks at Cambridge and 
Oxford. In the autumn of 1818 
he returned to the continent, and 
divided the winter between Flo- 
rence, Rome, and N'aples. In the 
spring of 1819 he made a short 
tour in Greece. He came home 
in 1819, and entered at once upon 
the duties of his professorship. 
Soon after his return, he became the 
editor of the North American Re- 
view, a journal which, though sup- 



Biographical Sketches. 



173 



ported by writers of great ability, 
had acquired only a limited circula- 
tion. Under its new editor the de- 
mand increased so rapidly that a 
second and sometimes a third edi- 
tion of its numbers was required. 
In 1824 he delivered the annual ora- 
tion before the Phi-Beta-Kappa So- 
ciety, at Cambridge, Massachusetts. 
This was the first of a series of ora- 
tions and addresses delivered by him 
on public occasions of almost every 
kind during a quarter of a century, 
and afterwards collected in two vo- 
lumes. Up to 1824 he had taken no 
active interest in politics, but the con- 
stituency of Middlesex, Massachu- 
setts, without any solicitation on his 
part, returned him to Congress. 
For ten years he sat in Congress, 
and was a working member. In 
1835 he retired from Congress, and 
was for four successive years chosen 
Governor of Massachusetts. In 
1841 he was appointed to repre- 
sent the United States at the Court 
of St. James. Although the Se- 
cretaryship of State at Washington 
was held by four different statesmen, 
of various politics, during his mis- 
sion, he enjoyed the confidence and 
approbation of all. His scholar- 
ship was recognized by the bestowal 
of the degree of D.C.L. by the Uni- 
versities of Oxford and Cambridge. 
He returned to America in 1845, 
and was chosen President of Har- 
vard College, which office he re- 
signed in 1849. On the death of 
Mr. Webster, he was appointed 
Secretary of State by President 
Fillmore, which office he resigned 
for a seat in the Senate. This po- 



sition he also resigned, since which 
time, although leading the quiet life 
of a scholar, he has greatly added 
to his reputation by delivering 
orations on the Life of Washing- 
ton, and on other topics, all being 
for charitable purposes. He was 
the intimate friend of Daniel Web- 
ster, and wrote the best life extant 
of that distinguished man, whose 
collected writings he edited. 

EVERETT, HORACE. 

A native of Yermout; was born 
in 1180; he was a lawyer by pro- 
fession; settled in Windsor, and 
distinguished himself as one of the 
most successful jury advocates in 
Vermont. He served in the State 
Legislature in 1819, 1820, 1822, 
1823, 1824, and 1834 ; was States 
Attorney for Windsor County, from 
1813 to 181T ; and was a prominent 
member of the State Constitutional 
Convention of 1828. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1829 to 1843. 

EVERHART, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

EWING, ANDREW. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1849 to 1851. 

EWING, EDWIN H. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1845 to 1847. 



174 



Biographical Sketches. 



EWING, JOHN. 

He was born at sea, while his pa- 
rents were on their way from Ire- 
land to Baltimore. He was bred to 
mercantile pnrsuits, but acquired a 
taste for literature. He served in 
both branches of the Legislature of 
Indiana, and was a Representative 
of that State, in Congress, from 
1833 to 1835, and again from 
1837 to 1839. He died suddenly 
and alone, at Yincennes, in the 
winter of 1857, leaving on his table 
these lines : — 

"Here lies a man who loved his friends, 
His God, his country, and Yincennes." 

EWING, JOHN H. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Ohio, from 1845 to 1847. 

EWING, PRESLEY. 

Born in Kentucky, and was a 
Representative to the Thirty-third 
Congress ; he died at the Mam- 
moth Cave, September 27, 1854 
He was considered one of the most 
promising young men of the State. 

EWING, THOMAS. 

He was born near West Liberty, 
Ohio County, Virginia, December 
28, 1789; he received his early 
education chiefly from an elder sis- 
ter, and, with his father's family, 
settled in the wilds of Ohio, about 
1792, where he enjoyed the advan- 
tage of a winter school and an aca- 
demy; his life, during his youth 
and early manhood, was one of con- 
tinuous toil; in 1814 he was a 



school teacher; in 1815 he received 
the degree of A.B. from the Athens 
Academy, the iirst ever granted in 
Ohio ; and he studied law and was 
admitted to the bar in 1816, prac- 
ticing with success in the courts of 
Ohio and the Supreme Court of the 
United States. In 1830 he was 
elected to a seat in the United 
States Senate, from Ohio, where he 
remained until 1837 ; he was a 
member of President Harrison's 
cabinet, as Secretary of the Trea- 
sury, in 1841 ; on the accession of 
President Taylor to the Presidency, 
in 1849, he was invited into the 
cabinet, and took charge of the new 
Department of the Interior ; and, 
in 1850, he was appointed to a seat 
in the United States Senate, where 
he remained until 1851, when he 
retired from political life and re- 
sumed the practice of his profession 
in Ohio. 

EWING, WILLIAM L. D. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Illinois, from 1836 to 
1837. 

FAIRFIELD, JOHN. 

Born in Saco, Maine, January 
30, 1797. He received a common 
school education, studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1826. 
In 1832 he was appointed reporter 
of the Decisions of the Supreme 
Court; from 1835 to 1837 he was 
a Representative in Congress ; he 
was Governor of the State during 
the years 1842 and 1843; and he 
was elected a Senator in Congress, 



Biographical Sketches. 



175 



in 1843, to fill a vacancy, and in 
1845 was re-elected for a term of 
six years ; but he died at Washing- 
ton, December 24, 1841, after a 
surgical operation for the relief of a 
local complaint. 

FARELLY, JOHN W. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1847 to 
1849. 

FARELLY, PATRICK. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821 
to 1826. 

FARLEE, ISAAC G. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1845. 

FARLEY, E. WILDER. 

He was born in Maine, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

FARLIN, DUDLEY, 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1835 
to 1837, and died at Warreusburg, 
New York, September 26, 1837. 

FARNSWORTH, J. F. 

Born in the Township of Eaton, 
Lower Canada, March 27, 1820; 
is a lawyer by profession, and a Re- 
presentative in the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, from Illinois, and is a 
member of the Committee on Re- 
volutionary Pensions. He has also 



been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress. 

FARRINGTON, JAMES. 

He was born in New Hampshire, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1837 to 
1839. 

FARROW, SAMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1813 to 1815. 

FAULKNER, CHARLES J. 

Born in Berkeley County, Virgi- 
nia, about the year 1805. He re- 
ceived a collegiate education ; came 
to the bar in 1829; was, in 1832 
and 1833, elected to the House of 
Delegates; soon afterwards ap- 
pointed a Commissioner to report 
upon the boundary between Vir- 
ginia and Maryland ; in 1841 was 
elected to the Senate of Vir- 
ginia, and in 1848 was again 
elected to the House of Dele- 
gates; in 1850 a was member of 
the Convention formed to revise 
the Constitution of the State ; and 
having, in 1851, been elected a 
Representative in Congress, has 
been re-elected to each successive 
Congress, and was, during the first 
session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
a member of the Committee to In- 
quire into the Sale of the Fort 
Snelling Reservation, also serving 
on the Committee on Military Af- 
fairs, and is, at the present time, 
Chairman of the Committee on 
Military Affairs. 



176 



Biographical Sketches. 



FAY, FRANCIS B. 

He was born in Massacliusetts, 
and was a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1852 
to 1853. 

FAY, JOHN. 

He was born in Worcester Coun- 
ty, Massacliusetts, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1819 to 1821. 

FEARING, PAUL. 
Born in Warebam, Massachu- 
setts, February 28, 1*162, graduated 
at Harvard University in 1185; 
studied law, and emigrated to Ohio, 
where he became distinguished in 
his profession. He settled in Ma- 
rietta in 1188, after performing the 
journey, from Baltimore over the 
mountains, on foot. Soon after his 
arrival he was appointed United 
States Attorney for Washington 
County, in that Territory. In 
1*797 he was appointed Judge of 
Probate, for his county, and in 1801 
was chosen a Delegate to Congress, 
serving until 1803. In 1814 he 
was appointed Master Commission- 
er in Chancery, and from 1810 to 
1817 was Judge in one of the State 
Courts. In 1808 he engaged ex- 
tensively in the raising of merino 
sheep, producing the best descrip- 
tion of wool, and stimulating others 
to unite in the business. He died 
August 21, 1822. 

FEATHERSTONE, W. S. 
He was born in Tennessee, and 
on taking up his residence in Mis- 
sissippi, was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1847 to 1851. 



FELCH, ALPHEUS. 
Born in Limerick, York County, 
Maine, September 28, 1806. He 
graduated at Bowdoin College, and 
adopted the law as a profession. He 
emigrated to Michigan when quite 
young ; was a member of the State 
Legislature in 1836 and 1837 ; was 
appointed Bank Commissioner of 
Michigan in 1838, and resigned in 
1839 ; for a short time in 1842 was 
Auditor-General of the State, but 
relinquished that position for a seat 
on the bench of the Supreme 
Court of Michigan ; in 1845 he 
was elected Governor of Michigan, 
and having resigned in 1847, was 
elected a Senator in Congress for 
six years. He was appointed, by 
President Pierce, one of the Com- 
missioners to settle land claims in 
California, under the Act of Con- 
gress and the Treaty of Guadalupe 
Hidalgo, in March, 1853, the busi- 
ness of which commission was closed 
by disposing of all the cases before 
it in March, 1856, since which time 
he has lived in retirement. 

FELDER, JOHN M. 
He graduated at Yale College 
in 1804, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from South Carolina, 
from 1831 to 1835. 

FENNER, JAMES. 
Born in Providence, Rhode Island, 
in 1771 ; graduated at Brown Uni- 
versity, from which institution he 
received the degreee of L. L. D. 
He was for more than half a cen- 
tury actively connected with the 
public affairs of his native State; 



BioaRAPniCAL Sketches, 



177 



Was United States Senator from 
1805 to 1807, when he was elected 
Governor of Rhode Island, which 
office he held four years; was re- 
elected in 1824, and served seven 
years, and was again elected in 
1844. He died in Providence, 
April n, 1846. 

FENTON, REUBEN E. 
Born in Carroll, Chautauque Co., 
New York, July 1, 1819 ; was edu- 
cated at Pleasant Hill and Fredo- 
nia Academies ; is a lawyer by pro- 
fession, but pursued the mercantile 
business. He was elected a Rep- 
resentative in the Thirty-third and 
Thirty-fifth Congresses, . from New 
York, serving on the Committee 
on Private Land Claims. He has 
also been re-elected to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress. 

FERGUSON, FENNER, 
Born in Rensselaer County, New 
York, April 25, 1814. His educa- 
tion was academic, and he is a law- 
yer by profession ; he was Master 
in Chancery in Albany, New York, 
in 1844 ; also Master in Chancery in 
Michigan ; a member of the Mich- 
igan Legislature, and Prosecuting 
Attorney. June 29, 1854, he was 
appointed by President Pierce, 
Chief Justice of the Territory of 
Nebraska, which office he resigned, 
after being elected a Delegate to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from that Ter- 
ritory. 

FERRIS, CHARLES G. 
He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 
1843. 

12 



FESSENDEN, WILLIAM r. 

Born at Boscawen, New Hamp- 
shire, October 16, 1806 ; graduated 
atBowdoin College in 1823; studied 
law and was admitted to practice in 
Portland, in 1821, where he has 
continued the practice to the pre- 
sent time; was a member of the 
Maine Legislature in 1832, and re- 
elected in 1840 ; was a Represen- 
tative in Congress from 1841 to 
1843, declining further service ; 
was again in the State Legislature 
in 1845 and 1846, and re-elected in 
1853 and 1854 ; and was elected a 
Senator in Congress for six years, 
from March 1853, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Fi- 
nance. He was a member in 1832 
of the Convention which nominated 
Henry Clay for President, and also 
of the Conventions that nominated 
Generals Taylor and Scott. During 
the past summer the degree of 
LL.D. was conferred upon him 
by Bowdoin College, of which in- 
stitution he is an overseer. 



FEW, W'lLLIAM. 

Born in Maryland, June 8, 1*748. 
When he was ten years of age he 
removed with his father to North 
Carolina, where he received a good 
education. He was a colonel in 
the revolutionary army, and dis- 
tinguished himself in several actions 
with the British and Indians. He 
settled in Georgia in 1776, and in 
1778 was Surveyor-General of the 
State, and Presiding Judge of the 
Richmond County Court; in 1780 



178 



Biographical Sketches. 



he was sent as Delegate to Congress, 
and remained in that body until the 
peace ; and was again appointed in 
1*786 ; in the next year he assisted 
in forming the National Constitu- 
tion, after the adoption of which he 
was elected a Senator in Congress, 
serving from 1^89 to 1^93; in 1196 
he was a member of the Convention 
which framed the Constitution of 
the State of Georgia, and subse- 
quently served three years upon 
the Bench. He resided during his 
later yeai's in the City of New York, 
of which he was Mayor. He died 
at Fishkill, New York, July 16, 
1828. 

FICKLIN, ORLANDO B. 

A native of Kentucky, and born 
in 1808 ; he received a plain Eng- 
lish education ; studied law, and 
graduated at the Transylvania Law 
School, commencing to practice in 
1830, in Mount Carmel, Illinois. 
In 1834 he was a member of the 
Legislature, and was Attorney for 
the Wabash Circuit in 1835. In 
1838 and in 1842, was again elected 
to the Legislature, and in 1843 was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, serving six consecutive years, 
and was re-elected in 1850. In 
1853 he was colonel of militia, since 
which time he has been engaged in 
the practice of his profession, and 
in agricultural pursuits. 

FILLMORE, MILLARD. 
Born January t, 1800, at Sum- 
mer Hill, Cayuga County, in the 
State of New York. At an early 
age he was sent to Livingston Coun- 



ty, at that time a wild region, to 
learn the clothier's trade, and about 
four months later he was appren- 
ticed to a wool-carder, in the town 
in which his father lived. During 
the four years that he worked at his 
trade, he did what he could to sup- 
ply the defects of his early educa- 
tion. At the age of nineteen he 
commenced the study of law, and 
devoted a portion of his time to 
teaching school. In 1821 he re- 
moved to Erie County, and pursued 
his legal studies in the City of Buf- 
falo. Two years later he was ad- 
mitted to the Common Pleas, and 
commenced the practice of the law 
at Aurora, in the same county. In 
1821, he was admitted as an at- 
torney, and in 1829, as a counsel- 
lor in the Supreme Court, and in 
the following year he removed to 
Buffalo. His political life com- 
menced with his election to the 
State Assembly, in which he took 
his seat in 1829. In 1832, he was 
elected to Congress, and took his 
seat the following year. In 1835, 
at the close of his term in office, he 
resumed the practice of the law, but 
was re-elected to Congress in 1837. 
During this term, he took a more 
prominent part in the business of 
the House than during his former 
term, and was assigned a place on 
the Committee on Elections. He 
was successively re-elected to the 
Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh 
Congresses. At the close of the 
first session of the Twenty- seventh 
Congress, he declined a re-election, 
returned to Buffalo, and again de- 



Biographical Sketches. 



179 



voted himself to his profession. In 
184V he was elected to the office of 
Comptroller of the State. In 1848 
he was nominated by the Whigs as 
their candidate for Yice-President, 
and elected to that office in the 
autumn of the same year. In March, 
1849, he resigned his office of Comp- 
troller, to assume the duties of his 
new position, where he remained until 
the death of President Taylor, in 
July, 1850, by which he was elevated 
to the Presidential chair. His term 
of office expired March 4, 1853. 
Since his retirement from public life 
he has visited Europe. 

FINCH, ISAAC. 

He was a native of New York, a 
member of the Assembly of that 
State, in 1822 and 1824, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1829 to 1831. 

FINDLAY, JAMES. 

He was a native of Pennsylvania, 
and a member of Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1825 to 1833. He died 
at Cincinnati, Ohio, December 21, 
1835. 

FINDLEY, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1822 
to 182T. 

FINDLEY, WILLIAM. 

He came in early life from Ire- 
land. In the Revolution he en- 
gaged with zeal in the cause of his 
adopted country, and at the close of 
the war, he removed to Pennsyl- 
vania. He was a member of the 



Convention which framed the new 
Constitution of Pennsylvania, and 
a member of Congress, from 1803 
to 181Y. In his politics he op- 
posed the administration of Mr. 
Adams, and supported Mr. Jeffer- 
son. He published a review of the 
Funding System, in 1'794; and a 
History of the Insurrection of the 
Four Western Counties of Pennsyl> 
vania, in 1*796. He died at Unity 
Township, Greensburg, April 5, 
1821, aged upwards of seventy. 

FINE, JOHN. 

Born in New York, August 2G, 
1784 ; graduated at Columbia Col- 
lege, New York, in 1809 ; studied 
law, and settled in St. Lawrence 
County, New York; was a judge 
in that county for eighteen years; 
was County Treasurer from 1821 to 
1833; and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1839 to 1841. He pub- 
lished a volume of law lectures. 

FISH, HAMILTON. 

He was born in New York City 
in 1809; graduated at Columbia 
College ; studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1830; in 1837 
was elected to the State Legislature; 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1843 to 1845; Governor of 
New York in 1849; and a Senator 
in Congress, from 1851 to 1856. 
Of late years he has been traveling 
in Europe. 

FISHER, CHARLES. 

Born in Rowan County, North 
Carolina, October 20, 1789. He 



180 



Biographical Sketches. 



received an academical education, 
and studied law ; but did not prac- 
tice to any extent. He commenced 
public life by going into the State 
Senate in 1818, and in 1819 was 
elected to Congress, where he served 
during his term. In 1821 he was" 
elected again to the State Legisla- 
ture, when he served almost contin- 
^uously until 1836. He was a dele- 
gate to the Convention to amend 
the State Constitution in 1835 ; and, 
from 1839 to 1841, was again a Re- 
presentative in Congress. He died 
at Hillsborough, Scott County, Mis- 
sissippi, May T, 1849, while return- 
ing home from an extended tour in 
the Southwest. 

FISHER, DAVID. 

He was born in Somerset County, 
Pennsylvania, December 3, 17 94; re- 
ceived an English eudcation, chiefly 
in a log school-house ; brought up 
to clearing land and farming, in 
Ohio ; he has done something also 
as a lay-preacher; in 1842 he was 
elected to the Legislature of Ohio ; 
and he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 184T to 1849. His chair 
in the House of Representatives was 
next to that of the late John Quincy 
Adams, and when the great states- 
man fainted, before his death, he fell 
into the arms of Mr. Fisher. He is 
the author of a theological work on 
the "Divinity of Christ." 

FISHER, GEORGE. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1829 
to 1830, and a member of the New 



York Assembly, from Tioga County, 
in 1835. 

FISK, JAMES. 

Born about the year 1762; received 
a limited education, but studied law ; 
and from his superior natural ta- 
lents, rose to eminence in his pro- 
fession ; he was a Representative in 
Congress,FromYermont, from 1805 
to 1809, and from 1811 to 1815, 
when he was appointed one of the 
Judges of the Supreme Court of 
Yermont. He was a Senator in 
Congress, during the years 1817 and 
1818, and resigned. In 1812 he 
was appointed, by President Madi- 
son, Judge of the Territory of Indi- 
ana, and, in 1817, Collector of the 
port of Alburg, which oflice he held 
eight years. He died December 1, 
1844. 

FISK, JONATHAN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1809 
to 1811, and again from 1813 to 
1815, when he was appointed Uni- 
ted States Attorney for the South- 
ern District of New York. 

FITCH, ASA. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1811 
to 1813. 

FITCH, G. N. 

Born in Le Roy, Cenesee Coun- 
ty, New York, in December, 1810. 
He received his education at Mid- 
dlebury and Geneva, but did not 
graduate ; he studied medicine, and 



Biographical Sketches. 



181 



was a medical professor ia the 
Rush Medical College at Chicago, 
Illinois, from 1844 to 1849. In 
1844, 1848, and 1856, he was chosen 
a Presidential Elector, and in 1836 
and 1839, was elected to the Legis- 
lature of Indiana. He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1849 
to 1853, and in 1857 was chosen a 
Senator of the United States, which 
position he still occupies, serving as 
a member of the Committees on 
Post-offices and Post-roads, and on 
Indian Affairs. 

FITZGERALD, THOMAS II. 

He was a lawyer by profession ; 
served in the war of 1812, under 
General W. H. Harrison ; and, in 
1848 and 1849, was a Senator in 
Congress, from Michigan, under the 
appointment of the Governor. Died 
at Niles, Michigan, March 25, 
1855. 

FITZGERALD, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1881 to 1833, 
and was a member of the Commit- 
tee on Expenditures in the Trea- 
sury Department. 

FITZPATRICK, BENJAMIN. 

He was born in Green County, 
Georgia, June 30, 1802; having 
been left an orphan when quite 
young, he emigrated with an elder 
brother, in 1815, to the valley of 
the Alabama River, near Mont- 
gomery, where he has ever since re- 



sided. He received as good an 
education as new countries gene- 
rally afford ; studied law and was 
admitted to practice in 1821; was 
shortly afterwards elected Solicitor 
of the Judicial District in which he 
lived ; was again elected to the 
same office, in 1825, and held it. 
until 1829; after which his health 
compelled him to relinquish his 
profession and settle upon a farm. 
He was a Presidential Elector in 
1840; in 1841 was elected Gover- 
nor of Alabama; in 1843 was re- 
elected to the same position; in 

1852 he was appointed a Senator in 
Congress, to succeed Honorable W. 
R. King, which appointment was 
confirmed by the Legislature of his 
State, and, at the conclusion of 
that term, he was elected, in 1855, 
to the same position, for the term 
ending in 1861. He is a member 
of the Committees on Territories, 
on Military Affairs, and on Print- 
ing. 

FITZSIMMONS, THOMAS. 

He was a Delegate to the Conti- 
nental Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1782 to 1183 ; a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1789 to 1795; and died 
in August, 1811, aged seventy 
years. 

FLAGLER, THOMAS T. 

He was born in New York, 
served in the Assembly of that 
State in 1842 and 1843, and was a 
Representative in Congress from 

1853 to 1857. 



182 



Biographical Sketchef. 



FLETCHER, ISAAC. 

He was formerly a member of 
the Vermont Legislature, and a 
member of Congress, from that 
State, from 1831 to 1841. He died 
at Lyndon, "Vermont, October 19, 
1844. 

FLETCHER, RICHARD. 

He was born in Massachusetts; 
graduated at Dartmouth College in 
1806; served in the Legislature of 
that State ; was a Judge of the Su- 
perior Court; and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Massachu- 
setts, from 1837 to 1839. 

FLETCHER, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1816 to 
1817. 

FLORENCE, ELIAS. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
having taken up his residence in 
Ohio, was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from 1843 to 1845. 

FLORENCE, THOMAS B. 

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsyl- 
vania, January 26, 1812. He had 
not the benefit of a college educa- 
tion ; for a time he devoted himself 
to the occupation of a hatter ; he 
published and edited, for several 
years, a Democratic newspaper ; 
was, for nine years. Secretary of 
the Board of Comptrollers of Pub- 
lic Schools in Pennsylvania ; and 
was elected to Congress in 1850, 
where he has served continuously 
until the present time. He is now 



a member of the Committees on 
Naval Affairs and Invalid Pensions. 
He has also been re-elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress. 

FLOURNOY, THOMAS S. 

He was born in Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1847 to 1849. 

FLOYD, CHARLES A. 

He was born in New York, 
served in the Assembly of that 
State in 1836 and 1838, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1841 to 1843. 

FLOYD, JOHN. 

Born in Virginia, October 3, 1769. 
In consequence of the pecuniary 
losses of his father, he learned the 
trade of a carpenter, and in 1791 
removed to Georgia, and acquired 
wealth from the manufacture of 
boats. He served in the State Le- 
gislature, and was a Representative 
of Georgia, in Congress, from 
1827 to 1829. He was brigadier- 
general of militia, and subsequently 
major-general, and served during 
the war of 1812. He died in Cam- 
den County, Georgia, June 24, 
1839. 

FLOYD, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1817 to 
1829, served many years in the Le- 
gislature of that State, and was 
Governor of Virginia from 1829 
to 1834. He died at the Sweet 
Springs, in that State, August 16, 
1837. 



Biographical Sketches. 



183 



FLOYD, JOHN G. 

He was a native of New York, 
served in the Assembly of that 
State, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from the same, from 1839 
to 1843, and from 1851 to 1853. 

FLOYD, WILLIAM. 

He was a Delegate to the Con- 
stitutional Congress, from 1174 to 
1183, and signed the Declaration of 
Independence ; was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New York, 
from 1189 to 1191; a Presidential 
Elector in 1800 and 1804; and, for 
three years, a member of the New 
York State Senate ; in 1801 he was 
a member of the State Constitu- 
tional Convention. He died Au- 
gust 4, 1821, aged eighty-seven 
years. 

FOLEY', JAMES B. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
having taken up his residence in 
Indiana, was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, 
in 1851, and is a member of the 
Committees on Agriculture and Ex- 
penditures in the Post-office De- 
partment. 

FOLGER, WALTER. 

He was born at Nantucket, Mas- 
sachusetts; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, 
from 1811 to 1821. 

FOOT, SOLOMON. 

Born in Corawall, Addison Coun- 
ty, Vermont, November 19, 1802; 
graduated at Middlebury College ; 



a lawyer by profession ; a member 
of the House of Representatives of 
Vermont, during the years 1833, 
1836, 1831, 1838, and 1841 ; Speak- 
er of the House in 1831, 1838, and 
1841; member of the Convention 
for altering the State Constitution 
in 1836 ; States Attorney for Rut- 
land, from 1836 to 1842; a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1843 to 
1841 ; and United States Senator, 
from 1850 to the present time, and 
is a member of the Committees on 
Foreign Relations and the Pacific 
Railroad. 

FOOTE, CHARLES A. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1823 to 1825. 

FOOTE, HENRY S. 

He was born in Fauquier County, 
Virginia, in 1800, and was educa- 
ted at Washington College, in that 
State ; studied law, was admitted 
to the bar, and settled in Alabama 
in 1824; in 1826 he removed to 
Mississippi, and there continued the 
practice of his profession ; he was 
elected Governor of Mississippi, and 
after serving one term was elected, 
in 1841, a Senator in Congress, 
where he remained until 1853, offici- 
ating as Chairman of the Commit- 
tee on Foreign Relations. He sub- 
sequently spent a few years in Cali- 
fornia, and is now practicing his 
profession in Memphis, Tennessee. 

FOOTE, SAMUEL A. 

Born in Cheshire, Connecticut, 
November 8, 1180; graduated at 



184 



Biographical Sketches. 



Yale College in 1191, and com- 
menced the practice of law in his 
native toM^n. He was chosen a 
Representative in Congress, in 1819, 
1823, and 1833; was Speaker of 
the Connecticut House of Repre- 
sentatives in 1825 and 1826; and- 
Senator in Congress, from 1821 to 
1833. In 1834 he was elected 
Governor of the State. He died 
September 16, 1846. He it was 
Avho offered, on the floor of Con- 
gress, the famous resolutions, upon 
which was founded the great debate 
between Hayne and Webster. 

FORD, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 
to 1833. 

FORD, AVILLIAM D. 

He was born in Providence, 
Rhode Island ; served in the New 
York Assembly in 1816 and 1811, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1819 
to 1821. 

FORNANCE, JOSEPH. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1839 
to 1841. 

FORNEY, DANIEL M. 

Born in Lincoln County, North 
Carolina, May 1184. During the 
. late war with England he served as 
a major in the State line, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1815 to 1818, and in 1820 was ap- 



pointed Commissioner to treat with 
the Creek Indians. From 1823 to 
1826 he- was a member of the State 
Legislature. In 1834 he removed 
to Lowndes County, Alabama, 
where he died in October 1841. 

FORNEY, PETER. 

Born in Lincoln County, North 
Carolina, April 1156. He was a 
patriot and soldier of the Revolu- 
tion. He served as a member of 
the State .Legislature for several 
years, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1813 to 1815. He 
served as an elector during the Pre- 
sidential campaigns of JeflTerson, 
Madison, Monroe, and Jackson. 
Died February 1, 1834. 

FORREST, THOMAS. 

He was born in Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1819 to 1821, and again from 
1822 to 1823. 

FORREST, URIAH. 

He was a general in the revolu- 
tionary war; was wounded at the 
battle of Germantown, from the ef- 
fects of which he never recovered ; 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Maryland, during the years 
1193 and 1194; and died at his 
seat near Georgetown, District of 
Columbia, in 1805. 

FORRESTER, J. B. ' 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 1831, 



Biographical Sketches. 



185 



and was a member of the Commit- 
tee on Claims. 

FORSYTH, JOHN. 

He was born in Fredericks- 
burg, "Virginia, October 2, 1180; 
graduated at Princeton College in 
1799; removed with his father to 
Charleston, South Carolina, and 
afterwards to Augusta, Georgia. 
He studied law, and from 1802 to 
1808 distinguished himself at the 
Georgia bar; and in 1808 was At- 
torney-General of the State; he 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Georgia, from 1813 to 1818, 
and from 1823 to 182t ; a Senator 
in Congress, during the years 1818 
and 1819, and from 1829 to 1835; 
Governor of Georgia in 1827, 1828, 
and 1829; Minister to Spain from 
1819 to 1822; and was Secretary 
of State under President Jackson ; 
in which position he was continued 
by President Yan Buren, until the 
end of his administration. His 
superior abilities were universally 
acknowledged, and the dignity and 
elegance of his manners added much 
to his popularity. He died in AVash- 
ington City, of bilious fever, Octo- 
ber 21, 1841. 

FORT, TOMLINSON. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Georgia, from 1827 to 
1829. 

FORWARD, CHAUNCEY. 

He was a native of Pennsylva- 
nia, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1825 
to 1831. 



FORAVARD, WALTER. 
He was born in Connecticut in 
1786, where he received a liberal 
education. He removed to Pitts- 
burg in 1803, and studied law. In 
1805 he became editor of the De- 
mocratic paper called the Tree of 
Liberty; from 1806 to 1822 he 
was engaged in the practice of law, 
and, as a pleader, had few equals. 
In 1822 he was elected to Congress 
as a Representative, where he con- 
tinued till March, 1825. In 1837 
he bore a prominent part in the 
Pennsylvania Convention to reform 
the State Constitution. In March, 
1841, President Harrison named 
him First Comptroller of the Trea- 
sury, which post he held until he 
was appointed by President Tyler 
Secretary of the Treasury. On 
retiring from Mr. Tyler's cabinet, 
he resumed and continued his prac- 
tice at the bar, until appointed by 
President Taylor Charge d'Affaires 
to Denmark, where he spent several 
years, resigning his situation to re- 
turn home in order to accept the 
office of President Judge of the 
District Court of Alleghany County, 
to which he had been called by 
popular election. While in court, 
employed in his judicial duties, he 
was suddenly taken ill,- and died 
in forty-eight hours, at Pittsburg, 
Pennsylvania, November 24, 1852. 

FOSDICK, NICOLL. 
He was a native of New York, 
served in the Assembly of that State, 
in 1818 and 1819, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1825 
to 1827. 



186 



Biographical SKETcnES. 



FOSTER, ABIEL. 

Born ill Andover, Massachusetts, 
August 8, 1135 ; graduated at Har- 
vard University in 1156, studied 
theology and was a pastor for eigh- 
teen years over the Congregational 
Church in Canterbury, New Hamp-- 
shire, and in 1180 was a Represen- 
tative to the General Court; was 
a Delegate from ISTew Hampshire 
to the Continental Congress, from 
1183 to 1185; and was present at 
the surrender of Washington to 
Congress at Annapolis ; he was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
New Hampshire, from 1189 to 
1191, and was again a Representa- 
tive in the Legislature, and a dele- 
gate to revise the State Constitu- 
tion; was a member of the State 
Senate, from 1193 to 1194, and in 
both years was president of that 
body; and was re-elected to Con- 
gress, from 1195 to 1803. He died 
at Canterbury, February 6, 1806. 

FOSTER, A. LAWRENCE. 
He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1843. 

FOSTER, DWIGHT. 
He was born in Massachusetts 
in 1151, and died at Brookfield, in 
that State, in April, 1823. He 
graduated at Brown University in 
1114; studied and practiced law; 
was County Sheriff, and Judge of 
the Common Pleas; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Massachusetts, from 1193 to 1199; 
and a Senator in Congress, from 
1800 to 1803. 



FOSTER, EFHRAIM H. 

He entered public life when quite 
young, and in 1829 was Speaker of 
the House of Representatives of 
Tennessee. In 1831 he was elected 
to the United States Senate, but in 
1839 resigned his seat because he 
could not obey the instructions of 
the State Legislature ; and in 1843 
he was re-elected for two years. 
On his return from Washington he 
was a candidate for Governor, but 
failed of an election. He died at 
Nashville, September 4, 1854. 

FOSTER, HENRY A. 

He was born in New York ; served 
in the Senate of that State from 
1831 to 1834, and from 1841 to 
184^1: ; was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 
1831 to 1839 ; and was a Senator 
in Congress during the years 1844 
and 1845. 

FOSTER, HENRY D. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1841. 

FOSTER, LA FAYETTE S. 

Born in Franklin, New London 
County, Connecticut, November 22, 
1806, and is a direct descendant of 
Miles Standish. He graduated at 
Brown University ; is a lawyer by 
profession ; was a member of the 
General Assembly of Connecticut 
in 1839, 1840, 1846, 1841, 1848, 
1854 ; Speaker of the House in 
1841, 1848, 1854; Mayor of the 
City of Norwich, Connecticut, for 



Biographical Sketches. 



187 



two years, and chosen a Senator in 
Congress, from March 4, 1855, for 
six years, and is a member of the 
Committees on Public Land and 
Pensions. 

FOSTER, NATHANIEL G. 

Born at "The Fork," in Green 
County, Georgia, August 25, 1809; 
graduated at Franklin College in 
1830; read law, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1831, and settled in 
Madison, Georgia, where he ob- 
tained a high reputation as an ad- 
vocate and jury lawyer. He served 
three years as Solicitor-General of 
Ocmulgee Circuit, five years in the 
State Senate, and one year in the 
House, and was a Representative in 
the Thirty-fourth Congress. 

FOSTER, STEPHEN C. 

Born in Machias, Maine, Decem- 
ber 24, 1199 ; commenced life as a 
blacksmith, but for the last twenty- 
five years has been a lumber mer- 
chant and ship-builder ; was in the 
Maine Legislature from 1834 to 
1837, again in 1840, when he w^as 
President of the Senate, and again 
in 184T ; was. elected to Congress, 
from Maine, in 1856, where he still 
continues; and he is now President 
of the Washington Agricultural So- 
ciety of his native State. He is a 
member of the Committee on Manu- 
factures. 

FOSTER, THEODORE. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and was a Senator in Congress, 
from Rhode Island, from It 90 to 
1803, and died in 1828. 



FOSTER, THOMAS F. 

Born in Greensborough, Georgia, 
November 23, 1190. He graduated 
at Franklin College in 1812; read 
law at home, and at Litchfield, Con- 
necticut, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1816. He was for many 
years a member of the Georgia Le- 
gislature ; and a Representative in 
Congress, from 1829 to 1835, and 
again from 1841 to 1843. He died 
in 1847. 

FOWLER, JOHN. 

He was a soldier in the war of 
the Revolution; attained the rank 
of captain ; and was a member of 
Congress, from Kentucky, from 
1797 to 1807. He died at Lexing- 
ton, Kentucky, August 22, 1840, 
aged eighty-five years. 

FOWLER, ORIN. 

He was born in 1795; graduated 
at Yale College in 1815; studied 
divinity, but turned his attention to 
politics; was elected to the Senate 
of Massachusetts in 1848 ; and was 
a Representative in Congress from 
1849 to the time of his death, which 
occurred in Washington City, Sep- 
tember 3, 1852. 

FOWLER, SAMUEL. 

Born in New Jersey in 1779 ; was 
a distinguished member of the medi- 
cal profession ; and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New Jersey, 
from 1833 to 1837. Died in Sus- 
sex County, New Jersey, February 
21, 1844. 



188 



Biographical Sketches. 



FRANCIS, JOHN B. 

He was born in Rhode Island, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1844 to 
1845. 

FRANKLIN, JESSE. 

He was born in Surry County, 
North Carolina ; was a member of 
the House of Delegates of that State 
in 1*794; he represented that State 
in Congress, from 1195 to 1197, 
and then returned to the Legisla- 
ture. From 1799 to 1805, and 
from 1807 to 1813, he was United 
States Senator. In 1816 he was 
appointed, by President Madison, 
a Commissioner to treat with the 
Chickasaws, and was elected Go- 
Ternor of North Carolina in 1820. 
He died in 1823. 

FRANKLIN, JOHN A. 

He was born in Worcester Coun- 
ty, Maryland, May 6, 1820 ; gradu- 
ated at Jefferson College, Pennsyl- 
vania, in 1836 ; studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1841 ; 
served in the State Legislature of 
Maryland in 1843, and also in 1849, 
when he was elected Speaker; in 
1851 he was chosen President of the 
Board of Public Works of the State, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1853 
to 1855. 

FRANKLIN, MESHACK. 

A Representative in Congress, 
from North Carolina, from 1807 to 
1815. He served in the House of 
Commons of that State in 1800, 



and in the State Senate in 1828 
and 1829. He died December, 
1841. 

FREEDLEY, JOHN. 

He was born (according to an in- 
teresting work published by E. T. 
Freedley, Esq.,) in Norristown, 
Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, 
May 22, 1793. He commenced life 
as a brickmaker ; studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1820; 
he entered extensively into various 
kinds of business, especially that of 
quarrying marble, and was success- 
ful ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1847 to 1851. He 
died December 8, 1851. 

FRELINGHUYSEN, FREDERICK. 

Born in New Jersey, April 13, 
1753; graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1770. When twenty-two 
years of age he was sent to the 
Continental Congress ; and as cap- 
tain of a volunteer corps of artil- 
lery, he was at the battles of Tren- 
ton and Monmouth, and it is said 
that it was he who killed Rhalle, 
the Hessian commander at Trenton. 
He was a Senator in Congress, from 
1793 to 1796, when he resigned on 
account of domestic bereavements. 
He stood among the first at the bar 
of New Jersey, and held various 
State and County offices. He died 
April 13, 1804. 

FRELINGHUYSEN, THEODORE. 

He was born in Millstown, So- 
merset County, New Jersey, March 
28, 1787 ; graduated at Princeton 



Biographical Sketches. 



189 



College, Nassau Hall, in 1804 ; 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1808; was Attorney- General 
of New Jersey, from 1818 to 1829 ; 
and a Senator in Congress, from 
New Jersey, from 1829 to 1835. 
Mr. Frelinghuysen was Chancellor 
of the University of New York, from 
1839 to 1850, and while in that 
position was the candidate of the 
Whig party for Yice-President upon 
the ticket with Henry Clay. In 1850 
he was elected President of Rutgers's 
College, where he still officiates, de- 
voting much of his time and means 
to the benevolent and educational 
interests of his native State and of 
the Union. 

FREEMAN, JOHN D. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
having removed to Mississippi, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1853. 

FREEMAN, JONATHAN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1797 to 1801. 

FREEMAN, NATHANIEL. 

He was born at Dennis, Massa- 
chusetts, in April, 1741, and died 
September 27, 1820. He graduated 
at Harvard University ; studied me- 
decine; and was a patriot in the 
revolutionary war ; performed vari- 
ous services in the Legislature and 
as a brigadier-general of militia ; 
he was also a Judge of Probate for 
forty-seven years, and a Judge of 



the Common Pleas for thiry years; 
he was twice married, and had 
twenty children ; and was a mem- 
ber of Congress, from Massachu- 
setts, from 1795 to 1799. 

FREMONT, JOHN CHARLES. 

Born in South Carolina, January, 
1813. His father was an emigrant 
from France. He received a good 
education, though left an orphan at 
four years of age ; and at the age of 
seventeen he graduated at Charles- 
ton College. From teaching mathe- 
matics he turned his attention to 
civil engineering, and was recom- 
mended to the government for em- 
ployment in the Mississippi survey. 
He was afterwards employed at 
Washington in constructing maps 
of tliat region. Having received 
the commission of a lieutenant of 
engineers, he proposed to the Secre- 
tary of War, to penetrate the Rocky 
Mountains. His plan was approved, 
and in 1842, with a few men, he ex- 
plored the South Pass. Impatient 
of quiet, he planned a new expedi- 
tion to the Territory of Oregon. He 
approached the Rocky Mountains 
by a new line, scaled the summits 
south of the South Pass, deflected 
to the Great Salt Lake, and con- 
nected his survey with that of 
Wilkes's exploring expedition. He 
also performed another expedition, 
in which he revealed the grand 
features of Alta California, its great 
basin, the Sierra Nevada, the val- 
leys of the San Joaquin and Sa- 
cramento, and established the geo- 
graphy of the western portion of 



190 



Biographical Sjc etches. 



the continent. In August, 1844, 
he was planning a third expedition, 
while writing the history of the 
second, and before its publication, 
in 1845, was again on his way to 
the Pacific, collecting his mountain 
comrades, to examine in detail the 
Asiatic slope of the continent, which 
resulted in giving a new volume of 
science to the world, and Oalifornia 
to the United States. After the 
conquest of California, in which he 
bore a part, he was the victim of a 
quarrel between two American com- 
manders, and stripped of his com- 
mission by court-martial. The Pre- 
sident reinstated him, but he declined 
returning. He determined to retrieve 
his honor. One line more would com- 
plete his survey, the route for a great 
road from the Mississippi to San 
Francisco. Again he appeared in 
the far West. He refitted his ex- 
pedition, and started again ; pierced 
the country of the Apaches ; met, 
awed, or defeated savage tribes ; 
and in a hundred days from Santa 
Fe, stood on the banks of the Sa- 
cramento The people of California 
reversed the judgment of the court- 
martial, and he was made the first 
Senator of the Golden State, in 1850 
and 1851. He was subsequently a 
candidate for President in opposi- 
tion to Mr. Buchanan, and though 
he received a large vote, was de- 
feated, and has since then lived in 
retirement. 

FRENCH, RICHARD. 

He was a native of Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 



from that State, from 1835 to 183Y, 
from 1843 to 1845, and again from 
184Y to 1849. 

FREY, JOSEPH. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1821 
to 1831. 

FRICK, HENRY. 

Born in Northumberland County, 
Pennsylvania, in 1196; was edu- 
cated as a printer; became an edi- 
tor of a newspaper ; served for 
three sessions in the State Legisla- 
ture, and was a Representative in 
Congress at the time of his death, 
which occurred at Washington City, 
March 1, 1844. 

FRIES, GEORGE. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, and 
having removed to Ohio, was elected 
a Representative in Congress from 
that State, from 1845 to 1847, and 
for a second term ending in 1849. 

FROMENTIN, ELIGIUS. 

A Senator of the United States 
from Louisiana, from 1813 to 1819. 
In 1821 he was Judge of the Crim- 
inal Court of l^ew Orleans, and 
was appointed Judge of the Western 
District of Florida. He shortly 
resigned his office and returned to 
the practice of law, at New Orleans, 
where he died, of the yellow fever, 
October 6, 1822. 

FROST, JOEL. 

He was born in New York; served 
in the State Assembly, in 1806 and 



Biographical Sketches. 



191 



1808, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1823 to 1825. 

FRY, JACOB, Jr. 

He was a native of Pennsylvania, 
and was' elected a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1835 to 1839. 

FULLER, GEORGE. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1843 to 
1845. 

FULLER, HENRY M. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
removing to Pennsylvania, became 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, serving from 1851 to 
1853, and from 1855 to 1851. 

FULLER, PHILO C. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1833 
to 1837 and died at Geneva, August 

16, 1855. 

FULLER, THOMAS J. D. 

He was born in Hardwick, Cale- 
donia County, Vermont, March 

17, 1808 ; was left an orphan when 
seven years of age ; spent his boy- 
hood and youth upon a farm ; on 
attaining manhood studied and 
adopted the profession of law, 
having been admitted to the bar in 
1833; and, removing to Maine, 
was elected Attorney for the county 
of Maine for three years ; was elected 
a Representative, from Maine, to the 



Thirty-second, Thirty-third, and 
Thirty-fourth Congresses, serving as 
an active member of the Committee 
on Commerce. In 1857 he was 
appointed, by President Buchanan, 
Second Auditor of the Treasury, 
which office he still occupies. 

FULLER, TIMOTHY. 

He was born at Martha's Vine- 
yard, Massachusetts, and graduated 
at Harvard University in 1801 ; 
he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1817 to 
1825 ; and died at Groton, Massa- 
chusetts, October 1, 1835, aged 
fifty-seven years. 

FULLER, WILLIAM K. 

He was a member of the Assem- 
bly of New York in 1829 and 1830 ; 
at one time Adjutant-General of 
the State Militia ; and from 1833 
to 1837 a Representative in Con- 
gress. 

FULLERTON, DAVID. 

Born in 1771 ; was for several 
years a member of the State Legis- 
lature of Pennsylvania ; and repre- 
sented that State in Congress, from 
1819 to 1820. He died at Green- 
castle, Pennsylvania, February 1, 
1843. 

FULLTON, ANDREW S. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1847 to 1849. 

FULTON, JOHN H. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1833 to 



192 



Biographical Sketches. 



1835, and died at Abingdon, Jan- 
uary 28, 1836. 

FULTON, WILLIAM S. 

He was born in Cecil County, 
Maiyland, Jane 2, 1195 ; before 
coming of age he served with grea;t 
credit as a volunteer aid in the bom- 
bardment of Fort McHenry ; dur- 
ing the late war with England, he 
removed to Tennessee and was pri- 
vate secretary to General Jackson 
in the Florida campaign. He stu- 
died law and settled in Alabama for 
the practice of his profession. He 
was subsequently appointed, in 1829, 
by President Jackson, Secretary of 
the Territory of Arkansas, and, in 
1835, Governor of the same, which 
office he held until the Territory 
was admitted into the Union as a 
State, when he was elected a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from the new State, 
from 1836 to 1844, — having died at 
Rosewood, near Black Rock, Ar- 
kansas, August 14, of the latter 
year. 

GAGE, .JOSIAH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1811 to 1819. . 

GAILLARD, .JOHN. 

A Senator of the United States, 
from South Carolina, from 1804 to 
1826. He voted for the war of 
1812, and was repeatedly called to 
preside over the Senate, in the ab- 
sence of the Vice-President. He 
died at Washington, February 26, 
1826. 



GAINES, JOHN P. 

He was born in Kentucky ; was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1841 to 1849; and 
was subsequently appointed Go- 
vernor of Oregon Territory. 

GAITHER, NATHAN. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1829 to 1833. 

GALBRAITH, JOHN. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1833 to 
1831, and again from 1839 to 1841. 

GALE, GEORGE. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1189 to 
1191. 

GALE, LEVIN. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1821 to 
1829. 

GALLATIN, ALBERT. 

Born at Geneva, January 29, 
1161; graduated at the University 
of his native city, in 1119, and dur- 
ing the next year emigrated to 
America. He commenced his ca- 
reer in Maine, then a part of Mas- 
sachusetts, having been placed in 
command of a small fort at Ma- 
chias. He was appointed a tutor 
at Harvard University in 1182, and 
removed to Pennsylvania in 1186, 
where he acted a prominent part in 



Biographical Sketches. 



193 



the State Convention of 1789, and 
served in the lower branch of the 
Legislature in 1790 and 1791. In 
1793 he was elected a Senator in 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, but 
his seat was vacated, in 1794, by a 
resolution of the Senate, on the 
ground of want of citizenship for a 
sufficient length of time, and soon 
after, without his knowledge, he 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, serv- 
ing from 1795 to 1801. He was, in 
the latter year, appointed Secretary 
of the Treasury, under President 
Jefferson, and, as an executive 
councillor, and subsequently diplo- 
matist and statesman, he obtained a 
very high reputation. In 1813 he 
went to St. Petersburg as one of 
the Envoys Extraordinary, to ne- 
gotiate with Great Britain, under 
the mediation of Russia, and, dur- 
ing the following year, with Adams, 
Bayard, Clay, and Russell, signed 
the Treaty of Ghent. He assisted 
also in concluding the Commercial 
Convention with England, at Lon- 
don, in 1815, and resided at Paris, 
as Minister of the United States, 
from 1816 to 1823. In 1827 he 
obtained full indemnification from 
England, for injuries sustained by 
our citizens for violating the Treaty 
of Ghent. President Madison of- 
fered him a seat in his cabinet, as 
Secretary of State ; President Mon- 
roe offered him the post of Secre- 
tary of the Navy, and he was also 
nominated for Vice-President, all 
which honors he declined. In 1828 
he became a citizen of New York, 
13 



and took an active part in promot- 
ing the literary or commercial in- 
terests of the Empire City, and of 
the Union at large. In 1831 he 
was a member of the Free Trade 
Convention, and drew up the me- 
morial to Congress, which embo- 
dies the views of the Democratic 
party ; he was President of the 
National Bank of New York, and 
also of the New York Histori- 
cal Society, and the Ethnological 
Society, and advocated the estab- 
lishment of the New York Univer- 
sity; and, just before his death, be- 
came identified with the Smithso- 
nian Institution. He was a fine 
scholar, and published many papers 
on the currency and finance, on In- 
dian languages, and other import- 
ant subjects. He died at Astoria, 
Long Island, August 12, 1849. 

GALLEGOS, .JOSE MANUEL. • 

He was born in New Mexico, 
and was a Delegate from that Ter- 
ritory, to the Thirty-third and 
Thirty-fourth Congresses. 

GALLOWAY, SAMUEL. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and, having removed to Ohio, was 
elected a Representative, from that 
State, to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress. 

GALLUP, ALBERT. 

He was at one time Sheriff" of Al- 
bany County, New York, a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1837 to 1839, and was 
appointed, by President Polk, Col- 



194 



Biographical Sketches. 



lector of Providence, Rhode Island. 
He died at Providence, in Novem- 
ber 1851. 

GAMBLE, JAMES. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1855. 

GAMBLE, EOGER L. 

Was a member of the House of 
Representatives in Congress, from 
Georgia, from 1833 to 1835, and 
from 1841 to 1843 ; and afterwards 
Judge of the Superior Court of 
that State. He died December 20, 
1841. 

GANNETT, BARZTLLAT. 

He graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity in 1185, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Massa- 
chusetts, from 1809 to 1811. 

GARDENIER, BARENT. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1801 
to 1811. 

GARDNER, FRANCIS. 

He was born in Stow, New 
Hampshire, in 1138 ; graduated at 
Harvard College; was a preacher 
of the gospel, in New Hampshire, 
for half a century ; a Representative 
in Congress, from 1801 to 1S09; 
and died in 1814. 

GARDNER, GIDEON. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1809 to 1811. 



GARLAND, DAVID S. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 1809 to 
1811. 

GARLAND, JAMES. 

He was a native of Yirginia, and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1845 to 1841. 

GARLAND, RICE. 

He was born in Yirginia, and, 
having taken up his residence in 
Louisiana, was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1834 to 1840. 

GARNETT, JAMES M. 

Born at Elmwood, in Essex 
County, Yirginia, June 8, 1110. 
He served for several years' as a 
member of the Legislature of his 
native State, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Yirginia, 
from 1805 to 1809. He was a 
member of the Convention assem- 
bled at Richmond, in 1829, to re- 
vise the Constitution of Yirginia. 
He was interested in the cause of 
education, and devoted to the pur- 
suits of agriculture, having presided 
over the Agricultural Society of 
Fredericksburg for more than twen- 
ty years, and toiled laboriously for 
the formation of a National Agri- 
cultural Society. He died at Elm- 
' wood, May 1843, aged sixty-two 
years. 

GARNETT, M. R. H. 
He was born in Essex County, 
Yirginia ; was educated at the TJni- 



Biographical Sketches. 



195 



versify of Virginia, and studied law 
as a profession ; he was a member 
of the Constitutional Convention of 
the State in 1850; a member of 
the House of Delegates in 1853 
and 1854, 1855 and 1856, and du- 
ring the latter session was Chair- 
man of the Committee on Finance. 
He was elected to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, as a Representative from 
Virginia, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Claims. He was 
a delegate to the Democratic Con- 
ventions, at Baltimore and Cincin- 
nati, in 1852 and 1856. 

GARNETT, ROBERT S. 

He was a native of Essex Coun- 
ty, Virginia, and a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1817 to 1827. 

GARNEY, DANIEL G. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1825 
to 1830. 

GARRISON, DANIEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1823 
to 1827. 

GARROW, NATHANIEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1827 
to 1829. 

GARTRELL, LUCIUS .J. 

Born in Wilkes County, Georgia, 
January 7, 1821 ; educated at Ran- 
dolph Macon College, Virginia, and 
Franklin -College, Athens, Georgia; 



is a lawyer by profession ; and in 
1843 was elected, by the General 
Assembly of Georgia, Solicitor Ge- 
neral of the Northern Judicial Cir- 
cuit. He resigned in 1847, on being 
elected a Representative to the Le- 
gislature, and was re-elected in 
1849 ; was a Presidential Elector for 
the State of Georgia in 1856 ; and in 
1857 was elected a Representative in 
the Thirty-fifth Congress. He is one 
of the Regents of the Smithsonian 
Institution, and a member of the 
Committee on Expenditures in the 
Treasury Department. 

GARVEN, WILLIAM S. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1845 
to 1847. 

GASTON, WILLIAM. 

Born in Newbern, North Caroli- 
na, September 19, 1778. His early 
education was conducted by his mo- 
ther; advanced at the Catholic Col- 
lege of Georgetown, District of Co- 
lumbia ; and he graduated at Prince- 
ton College. He studied law, and 
was admitted to practice in 1798. 
He served a number of years in the 
State Legislature, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress from 1813 
to 1817. In 1834 he was appoint- 
ed Judge of the Supreme Court, 
and in 1835 was a member of the 
State Convention to amend the 
Constitution. He continued on the 
Bench until the time of his death, 
which occurred January 23, 1844. 
He was an able and successful law- 
yer, and an upright judge, had a 
taste for polite literature, and is re- 



196 



BlOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



membered in North Carolina as 
one of its most distinguished citi- 
zens. 

GATES, SETH M. 

He was born in New York; 
served in the Assembly of that 
State in 1832; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1839 to 
1843. 

GARTLIN, ALFRED. 

He was born in North Carolina ; 
graduated at the university of that 
State ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from North Carolina, 
from 1823 to 1825. 

GAYARRE, CHARLES E. A. 

Born in Louisiana, January 3, 
1805; educated at the College of 
New Orleans; in 1826 he went to 
Philadelphia and studied law ; was 
admitted to the bar in 1829, and 
returned home ; in 1830 he was 
elected to the Legislature; in 1831 
was appointed Deputy Attorney- 
General; in 1833 Presiding Judge 
of the City Court of New Orleans; 
and in 1835 he was elected a Senator 
in Congress, but ill health prevent- 
ed him from taking his seat. He 
went to Europe, where he spent a 
number of years, and on his return, 
in 1843, was again returned to the 
State Legislature ; and in 1846 he 
was appointed Secretary of State, 
in which capacity he served seven 
years. As an author, he has ac- 
quired a high position, his leading 
works being as follows: "History 
of "Louisiana," "Romance of the 
History of Louisiana," "Spanish 



Domination in Louisiana," a dra- 
matic novel called " The School of 
Politics," and a work on "The In- 
fluence of the Mechanic Arts." 

GAYLE, JOHN. 

Born in Sumpter District, South 
Carolina, September 11, 1792; edu- 
cated at South Carolina College; 
and emigrated to Alabama in 1813. 
In 1811 he was appointed a mem- 
ber of the Territorial Legislature; 
was Solicitor of the First Judicial 
District on organization of the 
State Government; and in 1823 
was elected Judge of the Supreme 
Court of the State. In 1829 was 
elected to the State Legislature, 
and was Speaker of the House. In 
1831 was elected Governor, and re- 
elected in 1833. He was Presiden- 
tial Elector in 1836 and in 1840, 
and in 1847 was elected, from Mo- 
bile County, a Representative in 
Congress. In 1849 he was appoint- 
ed Judge of the United States Dis- 
tinct Court of Alabama, which office 
he now holds. 

GAYLORD, JAMES M. 

He was born in Ohio, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1851 to 1853. 

GAZLEY, JAMES W. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1823 to 
1825. 

GEBHARD, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1821 
to 1823. 



Biographical Sketches. 



197 



GEDDES, JAMES. 

Born near Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 
July 22, 1163; obtained a limited 
education while working upon a 
farm ; removing to New York, lie 
organized, in 1194, a company for 
the manufacture of salt at Onon- 
daga; in 1800 was elected a magis- 
trate ; in 1804 and in 1821 he was 
in the State Legislature ; in 1809 
an associate county justice ; in 
1812 Judge of the Corai^Mi*leas ; 
and he was a ReMi^^Hitive in 
Congress from 1813 to 1815. In 
1822 hejMpappointed Chief Engi- 
neer of t^Rhio Canal ; and in 1827 
assisted in locating the Chesapeake 
and Ohio Canal, as well as the 
Pennsylvania Canal. He died Au- 
gust 19, 1838. 

GENTRY, MEREDITH P. 

He was born in North Carolina; 
studied law, and settled in the prac- 
tice of his profession in Tennessee ; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1839 to 
1843, from 1845 to 1847, and from 
1847 to 1853. 

GERMAN, OBADIAH. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from New York, from 1809 to 1815, 
and died September 24, 1842. 

GERRY, ELBRIDGE. 

Born at Marblehead, Massachu- 
setts, July, 1744, and graduated at 
Harvard College in 1762. He de- 
voted himself for several years to 
commercial pursuits ; was a member 
of the Legislature in 1773, and was 



appointed on the Committee of 
Correspondence. From 1776 to 
1785 he was a Delegate to the Pro- 
vincial Congress, and signed the 
Declaration of Independence; while 
in that body he was a member of 
the Committee of Public Safety and 
Supplies, and when the Committee 
were in session at Menotomy, he, 
with Colonel Orne, escaped from 
the British troops at night by fleeing 
to a cornfield, while the house was 
searched for them. He was a mem- 
ber of the Convention which framed 
the Constitution of the United 
States, but declined subscribing to 
it. He was a Representative in the 
Federal Congress from 1789 to 
1793; and in 1797 he was appointed 
Minister to France. In 1804 he 
was one of the Presidential Elec- 
tors, and was Governor of Massa- 
chusetts in 1810 and 1811. In 
1813 he was inaugurated Vice-Pre- 
sident of the United States, and 
filled the office until his death, which 
took place at Washington, Novem- 
ber 23, 1814. 

GERRY, ELBRIDGE. 

Born in Waterford, Oxford Coun- 
ty, Maine, December 6, 1815 ; re- 
ceived a good academical education ; 
studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1839; in 1840 was Clerk 
of the House of Representatives of 
Maine; in 1842 was appointed 
State Attorney for O.xford County, 
and re-elected by the people during 
the following year ; in 1846 he was 
elected to the State Legislature ; 
and he was a Representative in 



198 



Biographical Sketches. 



Congress, from Maine, from 1849 
to 1851. Of late years lie has re- 
sided in Portland, engaged in the 
practice of his profession. 

GERRY, JAMES. 

He was born in Maryland, and" 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1839 to 

1843. 

GIST, JOSEPH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1821 to 1827. 

GEYER, H. S. 

He was born in Frederick Coun- 
ty, Maryland; adopted the profes- 
sion of law ; and was a Senator in 
Congress, from Missouri, from 1851 

to 1857. 

GHOLSON, JAMES H. 

He was born in Virginia ; gradu- 
ated at Princeton College in 1820; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 1833 to 
1835 ; and died at Brunswick, Vir- 
ginia, July 2, 1848, aged fifty years. 

GHOLSON, S. H. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Mississippi, from 1837 
to 1838. 

GHOLSON, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1808 to 
1816. 

GIDDINGS, .JOSHUA R. 

Born at Athens, Bradford Coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania, October 6, 1795 ; 



^]|bRL. 

)5^^I 



is a lawyer by profession ; practiced 
in Ohio ; was elected to the Ohio 
Legislature in 1826 ; and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, in 1838, which 
position he has ever since held. He 
has for many years been recognized 
as one of the leaders of the Anti- 
slavery party. 

GILBERT, EDWARD. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, ^^[^ California, from 1850 
to ISSbB^*^ 

GILBERT, EZE]^^ 

He was born in 1755^^FMiddle- 
town, Connecticut; graduated at 
Yale College in 1778; and was a 
member of Congress, from New 
York, from 1793 to 1797. He suf- 
fered for thirty years from a stroke 
of paralysis, and died at Hudson, 
New York, in July, 1841. 

GILBERT, SYLVESTER. 

Born in 1756, at Hebron, Con- 
necticut ; graduated at Dartmouth 
College in 1775 ; studied law, and 
was admitted to practice in 1777, 
at Hebron. In 1780 he was a mem- 
ber of the General Assembly, being 
the youngest member in the House. 
In 1788 he was appointed States At- 
torney for Toiand County, and filled 
that office twenty-one years. In 
1807 he was appointed Chief Judge 
of the County Court, and Judge of 
Probate, which offices he held until 
1825, with the exception of his term 
as Representative in Congress, in 
1818 and 1819 ; and in 1810 he was 
a teacher of a law school, which he 



Biographical Sketches. 



199 



continued about seven years, during 
which time fifty-six students were 
prepared for the bar under his tui- 
tion. In 1826 he was again elected 
to the Legislature, and was then 
the oldest member in the House; 
to which body he had, from the year 
1780, been re-elected thirty times. 
He died in January, 1846. 

GILBERT, WILLIAM A. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
removing to New York, was elected 
a Representative, from that State, 
to the Thirty-fourth Congress. 

GILES, JOHN. 

Born in Bovvan County, North 
Carolina, about the year 1Y88 ; gra- 
duated at Chapel Hill University iu 
1808 ; was a lawyer by profession, 
and engaged in the practice for 
more than thirty years. In 1829 
he was elected a member of the 
House of Representatives in Con- 
gress, but resigned before taking 
his seat, on account of ill health. 
In 1835 he was a member of the 
Convention which met to revise the 
State Constitution. He died March 
2, 1846, in Stanly County, North 
Carolina, where his professional du- 
ties required his attendance before 
the Circuit Court. 

GILES, WILLIAM BRANCH. 

Born in Amelia County, Virgi- 
nia, August 12, 1162 ; graduated at 
Princeton in 1181 ; studied law, but 
abandoned the profession after prac- 
ticing about six years. From 1826 
to 1829 he was Governor of his na- 



tive State ; was a Representative in 
Congress, fron 1190 to 1198, and 
again from 1801 to 1802 ; and Uni- 
ted States Senator, from 1804 to 
1815 ; and was subsequently a mem- 
ber of the Legislature. He pub- 
lished a Speech on the Embargo 
Laws in 1808, and, in 1813, Politi- 
cal Letters to the People of Virgi- 
nia, and subsequently an invective 
letter against President Monroe, 
and others, of a political character, 
to John Marshall and J. Q. Adams. 
He died in Albemarle County, Vir- 
ginia, December 4, 1830. 

GILES, WILLIAM F. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1845 to 1841. 

GILLASriE, JAMES. 

He was a member of the Provin- 
cial Congress of North Carolina, 
and a Representative in the United 
States Congress, from 1193 to 1199, 
and from 1803 to 1805. 

GILLET, RANSOM H. 

Was born in New Lebanon, Co- 
lumbia County, New York, Jan- 
uary 21, 1800. His early employ- 
ment was farming on his father's 
farm, in Saratoga County, in the 
summer, and lumbering in the 
pine forest during the winter. In 
1819 he removed to St. Lawrence 
County, where he was employed to 
teach school, during the winters, 
while he attended the St. Lawrence 
Academy during the summer. In 
1821 he engaged in the study of 



200 



Biographical Sketches. 



the law, with the late Silas Wright, 
at Canton, still continuing to teach 
for his support. He was soon ad- 
mitted to the bar, practicing in the 
local courts, and finally settled in 
Ogdensburg, where he continued, 
mainly devoted to the profession, 
for about twenty years. In 1827 
he was appointed Brigade-Major 
and Inspector of the 49th Brigade 
of Militia, and for ten years drilled 
and inspected six large regiments 
in St. Lawrence and Jefferson 
Counties; February 27, 1830, he 
was appointed Postmaster of Og- 
densburg, which office he filled 
about three years; in 1832 he was 
a member of the first Baltimore 
Convention, which nominated Gen- 
eral Jackson for President ; he was 
elected, in November of that year, 
to Congress, to represent St. Law- 
rence and Franklin Counties, and 
re-elected in 1834, and served, 
while in Congress, as a member of 
the Committee on Commerce ; in 
1837 he was appointed, by Presi- 
dent Yan Buren, a Commissioner 
to treat with the Indian tribes in 
New York, and continued in that 
service until March, 1839 ; in 1840 
he was a member of the Baltimore 
Convention which re-nominated Mr. 
Yan Buren ; he then engaged in 
practicing law, and continued to do 
so antil 1845, when President Polk 
appointed him Register of the 
Treasury, in which office he served 
until May, 1847, when he was pro- 
moted to the office of Solicitor of 
the Treasury, in which place he 
continued to serve until the autumn 
of 1849 ; he then resumed the prac- 



tice of law in New York ; February 
1, 1855, he became Assistant to 
the Attorney-General of the United 
States, and continued in that office 
until he resigned, in May, 1858 ; 
President Buchanan tendered him 
the place of Solicitor of the Court of 
Claims, which he accepted, and is 
still performing the duties of that 
office. 

GILLIS, JAMES L. 

Born at Hebron, "Washington 
County, New York, October 2, 
1792. He received a common 
school education ; served an ap- 
prenticeship to the currying and 
tanner's trade ; during the cam- 
paigns of 1812 and 1813, served 
as a volunteer from New York ; in 
1814 he was commissioned a lieute- 
nant, by the Governor of New York, 
and having been taken prisoner by 
the British, was transported to 
Halifax, where he remained until 
the close of the war ; he subse- 
quently returned to Ontario County, 
and established himself as a farmer ; 
in 1823 he removed to Pennsylva- 
nia; in 1840 was elected to the Le- 
gislature of that State; in 1842 
was appointed one of the Judges 
of JeflTerson County; elected to the 
State Senate in 1845 ; re-elected to 
the Lower House in 1851; and 
elected a Representative in the 
Thirty-fifth Congress; serving on 
the Committee on Agriculture. 

GILLON, ALEXANDER. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1793 to 1794. 



Biographical Sketches. 



201 



OILMAN, CHARLES J. 

He was born in 'New Hampshire, 
and having removed to Maine, was 
elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from that 
State, and is a member of the Com- 
mittee on Pi'ivate Land Claims. 

GILMAN, NICHOLAS. 

He was a Delegate, from New 
Hampshire, to the Continental Con- 
gress, from 1786 to 1788; after the 
adoption of the Constitution, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1Y89 to 1*797; and was 
a Senator in Congress, from New 
Hampshire, from 1805 to 1814. 
He died May 2, 1814, aged fifty- 
two years. 

GILMER, GEORGE R. 

He was born in Wilkes County, 
(now Oglethorpe,) Georgia, April 
11,1790. He received an academi- 
cal education, but did not enter col- 
lege, on account of ill health. He 
studied law, and settled in Lexing- 
ton, Oglethorpe County, Georgia. 
In 1813, as first lieutenant of 
the 43d Regiment, United States 
army, he participated in the Creek 
war, and in 1818 entered upon 
the practice of his profession. 
He was elected to the State Legis- 
lature in 1818, 1819, and 1824; 
was Governor of the State in 1828 
and 1837, and during the latter 
term removed the Cherokee Indians 
from Georgia. He was President 
of the Board of Presidential Elec- 
tors in 1836 ; and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1821 to 



1823, from 1827 to 1829, and from 
1833 to 1835. Pie was also a Pre- 
sidential Elector in 1836 and 1840, 
and for thirty years performed the 
duties of trustee of the Georgia 
College. He is the author of a 
book, published in 1855, entitled 
Geo7'gians, which contains much 
useful and interesting information 
touching the early settlement of his 
native State. 

GILMER, JOHN A. 

Born in Guilford County, North 
Carolina, November 4, 1805; ac- 
quired a good English education at 
winter schools, working on a farm 
and in the shop during the sum- 
mers; then taught a school, and 
thus obtained the means to enter 
the academy at Greensborough for 
three years, and became a good 
linguist and mathematician, and 
taught for three years in a gram- 
mar school ; afterwards studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1832. 
Was a member of the State Senate, 
from 1846 to 1856, and in 1857 was 
elected a Representative in the 
Thirty-fifth Congress ; serving as a 
member of the Committee on Elec- 
tions. 

GILMER, THOMAS W. 

He was a native of Virginia, in 
which State he held many positions 
of high character, was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1841 to 
1843, and was Secretary of the 
Navy under President Tyler. He 
was killed by the accident on board 
the United States steamer Prince- 
ton, February 28, 1844. 



202 



Biographical Sketches. 



GILMORE, ALFRED. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1853. 

GILMORE, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 
to 1833. 

GLASCOCK, THOMAS. 

He was a soldier and statesman 
of Georgia ; served at the siege of 
Savannah, under Count Pulaski, as 
lieutenant, and exhibited great skill 
and bravery ; he was appointed 
colonel of the troops ordered out 
by the Legislature, in defence of the 
State against the Indians, on the 
Western frontier; and was after- 
wards elected general of militia. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Georgia, from 1836 to 
1839, and highly respected for his 
talents and character. He died at 
Decatur, Georgia, May 9, 1841. 

GLASGOW, HUGH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 
to 1817. 

GLEN, HENRY. 

He took an active part in the 
revolutionary war, and was a Re- 
presentative from New York, in 
Congress, from 1793 to 1801. He 
died at Schenectady in 1814, aged 
seventy-three years. 



GODDARD CALVIN. 

Born in Shrewsbury, Massachu- 
setts, July 17, 1768 ; and graduated 
at Dartmouth, in 1786. He was 
admitted to the bar in Norwich, 
Connecticut, in 1790, and settled in 
Plainfield, from which place he was 
elected a Representative in the 
Legislature, for nine sessions, during 
three of which he was Speaker of 
the House. He removed to Nor- 
wich, in 1807. Prom 1801 to 1805 
he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, and from 1808 to 1815 he 
was a member of the State Council, 
and from 1815 to 1818 Judge of 
the Superior Court, He was States 
Attorney for the County of New 
London for five yeai-s, and Mayor 
of Norwich for seventeen years. 
He died at Norwich, May 2, 1842. 

GOGGIN, WILLIAM. 

Born in Bedford County, Vir- 
ginia, May, 31, 1807 ; received an 
academic education ; studied law 
in Winchester, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1828, and practiced in 
several of the Circuit and District 
courts of the State. In 1836 he 
was a member of the Legislature, 
and in 1837 declined a re-election. 
In 1839 he was elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, and was re- 
elected in 1841, and 1843, and in 
1847, being Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on the Post-offices and Post- 
roads, during his last term. He 
was afterwards appointed one of 
the Visitors of West Point, under 
the administration of President 
Fillmore, and since that time he 



Biographical Sketches. 



203 



has pursued his profession, in con- 
nection with agricultural pursuits. 

GOLD, THOMAS R. 

He was a native of New York ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1786 ; 
was a member of the State Senate 
from 1797 to 1802; a member of 
the Assembly in 1808 ; and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1809 to 
1813, and again from 1815 to 1817. 
He died in 1826. 

GOLDSBOROUGH, CHARLES W. 

He was Governor of the State of 
Maryland, and a Representative in 
Congress from 1805 to 1817. He 
died at Shoal Creek, Maryland, 
December 13, 1834. 

GOLDSBOROUGH, ROBERT H. 

He was a Senator of the United 
States from Maryland, from 1813 
to 1819, and again from 1835 to 
1837. He died at New Easton, 
Maryland, October 5, 1836. 

GOlfCH, DANIEL \{ .Itdir^l' 

Born in Wells, State of Maine, 
January, 1820. He graduated at 
Dartmouth in 1843; studied law 
and commenced the practice in 
Boston ; was elected, in 1852, to 
the Legislature of Massachusetts; in 
1853 to the Constitutional Conven- 
tion ; and subsequently, a Represen- 
tative in the Thirty-fifth Congress. 
He has also been elected to the- 
Thirty-sixth Congress. 

600DE, TATRICK G. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was elected a Representative in 



Congress, from 1837 to 1843, from 
Ohio. 

GOODE, SAMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1799 to 
1801. 

GOODE, WILLIAM 0. 

He was born at Inglewood, 
Mecklenburg County, Virginia, Sep- 
tember 16, 1798 ; was educated at 
the College of William and Mary ; 
studied law and commenced the 
practice in 1821 ; he was, early in 
life, elected for several terms, a 
member of the State Legislature. 
He was a member, in 1829, of the 
State Reform Convention of Vir- 
ginia; in 1832 he was again elected 
to the State Legislature, and took 
an active part in the debates on 
slavery, of that year ; he was re- 
elected to the Legislature in 1838 ; 
and he was first elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, in 1841, serving until 1843. 
He was subsequently again elected 
to the Legislature, and was Speaker 
of the House of Delegates, for sev- 
eral sessions. He was also a mem- 
ber of the State Reform Conven- 
tion of 1850, and was chosen Chair- 
man of the Legislative Committe ; 
and he was a member of the House 
of Delegates, called to put the New 
Constitution into operation, and 
Chairman of the Committee on Fi- 
nance. In 1853 he was again 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, and has been 
regularly re-elected to the present 



204 



Biographical Sketches. 



time. He is Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on the District of Columbia. 

GOODENOW, JOHN M. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1829 to 
1831. 

GOODENOW, ROBERT. 

He was born in New Hampshire, 
and, having taken up his residence 
in Maine, was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1851 to 1853. 

GOODENOW, RUFUS K. 

Born in Henniker, jSTew Hamp- 
shire, April 24, 1Y90, but removed 
with his father to Brownfield, 
Maine, where he was educated in a 
country school. He was a farmer, 
and for many years a common 
sailor. He entered the army in 
1812, as captain in the 33d Regi- 
ment of United States infantry, and 
served in that capacity until 1815. 
Upon the organization of a State 
government, he was appointed clerk 
of the com'ts for Oxford County, 
and removed to Paris, and held this 
office sixteen years. He was a 
member of the Legislature, and a 
Presidential Elector in 1840, and 
represented his District in the Thir- 
ty-first Congress. 

GOODHUE, BENJAMIN. 

Born at Salem, Massachusetts, 
October 1, 1748; graduated at 
Harvard University in 1*766; and 
received literary honors from Yale 



College in 1804. Early in life he 
engaged in commercial pui^suits ; he • 
was a Whig during the Revolution, 
represented his native county, in 
the State Senate, from 1*784 to 
1*789, when he was elected a Re- 
presentative to Congress under the 
new constitution, and, assisted by 
Mr. Eitzsimmons, of Philadelphia, 
formed our code of revenue laws, 
the majority of which have never 
been abrogated. In 1*796 he was 
elected a Senator of the United 
States, and became distinguished as 
a Chairman of the Committee on 
Commerce, but in 1800 he resigned 
his seat, and retired from public life. 
He died at Salem, July 28, 1814. 

GOODRICH, CHAUNCEY. 

Born at Durham, Connecticut, 
October 20, 1*759 ; graduated at 
Yale College in 1*776, with a high 
reputation for genius and acquire- 
ments. After spending several 
years as tutor in that institution he 
established himself as lawyer at 
Hartford, and soon attained to emi- 
nence in the profession. He was a 
Representative in the Legislature in 
1793, and a Representative in Con- 
gress from 1795 to 1801. From 
1802 to 1807 was a Councillor of 
the State ; and he was elected 
United States Senator from 1807 to 
1813. He received the office of 
Mayor of Hartford in 1812, and re- 
signed his seat in Congress. He 
was appointed Lieutenant-Gover- 
nor of the State in 1813. He died 
August 18, 1315. 



Biographical Sketches. 



205 



GOODRICH, ELIZUR. 

He was one of the very few sur- 
vivors among the men who figured 
in public life under the administra- | 
tions of Washington and the elder 
Adams. He belonged to the Wash- 
ington school of Federalists, and 
his removal from the office of Col- 
lector of Customs, at New Haven, 
immediately on the accession of 
Jefferson to the Presidency, gave 
occasion to the famous letter, in 
which Jefferson avowed his princi- 
ple of removal for political opi- 
nions. Besides being honored with 
various offices of trust and respon- 
sibility, he was for some time Pro- 
fessor of Law in Yale College, and 
for many years the efficient Mayor 
of New Haven. He was a Bepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Connec- 
ticut, from 1799 to 1801. Died in 
New Haven, November 1, 1849. 

GOODRICH, JOHN Z. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and was a Bepresentative in Con- 
gress, from 1851 to 1855, from his 
native State. 

GOODAVIN, HENRY C. 

Born in De Buyter, Madison 
County, New York, June 25, 1824, 
received an academic education, and 
studied law, having been admitted 
to the bar in 1846. In 1847 he was 
elected District Attorney of Madison 
County and held the office three 
years. He was a Bepresentative 
from NewYork to the second session 
of the Thirty-third Congress, and 
was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, 



serving as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Claims. 

GOODWIN, PETERSON. 

He was a Bepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1803 to 
1808. 

GOODYEAR, CHARLES. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a member of the New York 
Assembly, from Schoharie County, 
in 1840, and a Bepresentative in 
Congress from 1845 to 1847. 

GORDON, JAMES. 

He was a member, for seven 
years, of the State Senate of New 
York, twelve years in the State As- 
sembly, and was a Bepresentative 
in Congress, from New York, from 
1791 to 1795. 

GORDON, SAMUEL. 

He was born in New York, served 
in the State Assembly in 1834, and 
was a Bepresentative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1843, 
and again from 1845 to 1847. 

GORDON, WILLIAM. 

He was a graduate of Harvard 
College in 1779; was Attorney- 
General for the State of NewHamp- 
vshire ; a Bepresentative in Congress, 
from New Hampshire, from 1797 to 
1800; and died at Boston, in May, 
1802, aged thirty-nine years. 

GORDON, WILLIAM F. 

He was a native of Yirginia, and 
a Bepresentative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1829 to 1835. 



206 



Biographical Sketches. 



GORE, CHRISTOPHER. 

Graduated at Harvard College in 
1V16; Governor of Massachusetts 
under the Constitution of 1*180. 
He settled in Boston as a lawyer, 
and, in 1189, was appointed Dis- 
trict Attorney for the District of 
Massachusetts, under the new Con- 
stitution of the United States. In 
1196 he was appointed a Commis- 
sioner under the fourth article of 
Jay's Treaty. This appointment 
obliged him to go to London, where 
he remained eight years, during the 
last of which he was left Charge 
d'Affaires. He was again chosen 
Governor in 1809, but only served 
one term. In 1813 he was elected 
a Senator of the United States, in 
which capacity he served until 1816, 
when he retired to private life. He 
died in 182Y, aged sixty-eight. 
Having no children, Mr. Gore left 
valuable bequests to the American 
Academy and the Historical So- 
ciety, of which he was a member ; 
and he made Harvard College, of 
which institution he had been a 
Fellow and Trustee, his residuary 
legatee. He was for a time the 
legal tutor and adviser of Daniel 
Webster. 

GORHAM, BENJAMIN. 

He was born in Charlestown, 
Massachusetts, February 13, 11*75, 
and died in Boston, September 21, 
1855. He graduated at Cambridge 
in 1195, studied law with Theophi- 
lus Parsons, of Newburyport, and 
rose to eminence at the bar of Bos- 
ton. He was a Representative in 



Congress, from the Suffolk District-, 
from 1820 to 1823, from 1821 to 
1831, and from 1833 to 1835. He 
was afterwards, for a short time, 
member of the State Legislature, 
but spent the closing years of his 
life in retirement. 

GORMAN, WILLIAM A. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
having removed- to Indiana, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1853. 

GOTT, DANIEL. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
on removing to New York, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1841 to 1851. 

GOULD, HERMAN D. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
having taken up his residence in 
New York, was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1849 to 1851. 

GOURDIN, THEODORE. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1813 to 1815. 

GOVAN, A. R. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 

1822 to 1821. 

GRAHAM, JAMES. 

Born in Lincoln County, North 
Carolina, in January, 1193. He 
graduated at the University of that 



Biographical Sketches. 



207 



State in 1814; studied law, and 
practiced with su(5cess for many 
years ; served four years in the 
State Legislature ; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1833 
to 1843, and from 1845 to 184T. 
He spent the close of his life en- 
gaged in agricultural pursuits, and 
died in September, 1851. 

GRAHAM, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Indiana, from 183*7 to 
1839. 

GRAHAM, WILLIAM A. 

Was born in 1800, in North Ca- 
rolina, and represented that State 
in the United States Senate two 
years, viz., from 1841 to 1843. In 
August, 1844, he was elected Go- 
vernor of the State, to which office 
he was re-elected in 1846, retiring 
at the expiration of his second 
term, in January, 1849. He was 
Secretary of the Navy under Presi- 
dent Fillmore, and subsequently, 
candidate for Vice-President on the 
ticket with General Scott. 

GRANGER, AMOS P. 

He was born in Suffield, Hart- 
ford County, Connecticut, in June, 
1789 ; received a common school 
education ; has devoted the most of 
his life to farming and merchandis- 
ing; and having removed to New 
York, was elected a Representative, 
from that State, to the Thirty- 
fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, 
and is a member of the Committee 
on Territories. 



•GRANGER, FRANCIS. 

He was born in Suffield, Hart- 
ford County, Connecticut, in 1787 ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1811; 
and, on removing to New York, 
was for five years, from 1826, a 
member of the General Assembly of 
that State. He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New York, 
from 1835 to 1837, and again from 
1839 to 1841, when he resigned, to 
receive from President Harrison the 
appointment of Postmaster-Gene- 
ral. Since that time he has lived 
in retirement. 

GRANT, ABRAHAM P. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1837 to 1839. 

GRANTLAND, SEATON. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
having taken up his residence near 
Milledgeville, in Georgia, was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1835 to 1839. 
He was also a Presidential Elector. 

GRAVES, WILLIAM J. 

He represented the State of Ken- 
tucky in Congress, from 1835 to 
1841, and died at Louisville, Sep- 
tember 27, 1848, aged forty-three 
years. 

GRAY, EDWIN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1799 to 
1813. 



208 



Biographical Sketches. 



GRAY, HIRAM. 

He was a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1831 
to 1839. 

GRAY, JOHN C. 

He was born in Southampton 
County, Yirginia, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from tliat 
State, from 1820 to 1821. 

GRAYSON, WILLIAM. 
Was a native of Virginia, and a 
member of the Continental Con- 
gress. In 1788 was a member of 
the Convention of Yirginia which 
assembled to consider the Constitu- 
tion of the United States, and made 
himself conspicuous both by his ta- 
lents, and his union with Henry in 
opposing the adoption of the Con- 
stitution. From 1189 to 1190 he 
was a Senator of the United States, 
and died at Dumfries, while on his 
way to the seat of Grovernment, 
March 12, 1790. 

GRAYSON, WILLIAM .J. 
He is a native of Beaufort, South 
Carolina; graduated at the South 
Carolina College in 1809 ; was bred 
to the legal profession; was a Com- 
missioner in equity of South Caro- 
lina ; a member of the State Legis- 
lature ; and a Bepresentative in 
Congress, from 1833 to 1837; and 
by President Taylor he was ap- 
pointed Collector of the Customs at 
Charleston. Of late years he has 
devoted himself to planting. In 
1856 he published "The Hireling 
and the Slave," " Chicora, and other 
Poems." 



GREELEY, HORACE. 

Was born at Amherst, in New 
Hampshire, February 3, 1811. Un- 
til the age of fourteen, he attended 
a common school in his native 
State. About that time, his pa- 
rents having removed to the State 
of Yermont, Horace, who had early 
shown a fondness for reading, espe- 
cially newspapers, and had resolved 
to be a printer, endeavored to find 
employment as an apprentice in a 
printing-office in Whitehall, but 
without success. He afterwards 
applied at the office of the North- 
ern Spectator, in Pultney, Yer- 
mont, where his services were ac- 
cepted, and where he remained un- 
til 1830, when the paper was dis- 
continued, and he returned to work 
on his father's farm. During the 
following year he arrived in the 
City of New York, where he ob- 
tained work as a journeyman prin- 
ter, and was employed in various 
offices, with occasional intervals, 
for the next eighteen months. In 
1834, in connection with Jonas 
Winchester, he started The JSiew- 
Yorker, a weekly journal of litera- 
ture and general intelligence, and 
became its editor. After struggling 
on for several years, the journal was 
abandoned. During its existence, 
Mr. Greeley published several poli- 
tical campaign papers : The Con- 
stitution, The Jeffersonian, and 
the Log Gahiyi, In 1841 he 
commenced the publication of the 
New York Tribune. In 1848 
he was chosen to fill a vacancy in 
the Thirtieth Congress, and served 



Biographical Sketches. 



209 



through the short term preceding 
President Tajdor's inauguration. 
In 1851 he visited Europe, and was 
chosen chairman of one of the juries 
at the World's Fair. He gave an 
account of his travels in a series 
of letters to the Tribune, which 
were afterwards collected into a 
volume. He has also published a 
collection of his addresses, essays, 
etc., under the title of " Hints 
toward Reforms." 

GREEN, BYRAM. 

He was born in New York ; 
served five years in the Assembly 
of that State ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1843 to 
1845. 

GREEN, FREDERICK W. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
having removed to Ohio, was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1851 to 1855. 

GREEN, I. L. 

He was born in Massachusetts ; 
graduated at Harvard University in 
1*781 ; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1805 to 1809, and again from 1811 
to 1813. He died in 1841. 

GREEN, INNIS. 
He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 182Y 
to 1881. 

GREEN, .JAMES S. 
He was born in Fauquier Coun- 
ty, Virginia, February 28, 1817 ; 
14 



and in 1836, with no fortune but a 
common English education, he re- 
moved to Alabama, where he re- 
mained one year, and then took up 
his residence in Missouri, with which 
State he has since been identified. 
After many struggles with the 
world, he was admitted to the bar 
in 1840, and soon thereafter entered 
upon a lucrative practice. He was 
a member of the Convention held in 
1845 for the revision of the Consti- 
tution of Missouri ; and was elected 
a member of Congress in 1846, 
serving through two terms. He 
argued a boundary dispute case in 
the Supreme Court, by appointment 
of the Governor of Missouri ; and 
in 1849 took the stump against the 
late Hon. Thomas H. Benton. In 
1853 President Pierce appointed 
him to be Charge d'Affaires, and 
subsequently Minister-Resident at 
Bogota, New Grenada. He was 
again elected a member of Congress 
in 1856, but before taking his seat 
he was chosen by the Legislature 
to represent the State of Missouri 
in the Senate of the United States, 
which position he still occupies. 
During the first session of the 
Thirty-fifth Congress he was a 
member of the Committees on the 
Judiciary and on Territories, and 
at the commencement of the second 
session of that Congress, he was 
chosen Chairman of the Committee 
on Territories. 

GREEN, WILLIS. 
He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1839 to 1845. 



210 



Biographical Sketches. 



GREENE, ALBERT C. 

He was a Senator in Congress 
from Rhode Island, from 1845 to 
1851, serving on the Committee on 
Private Land Claims. 

GREENE, RAY. 

He graduated at Yale College in 
1784; and was a-Senator in Con- 
gress, from Rhode Island, from 119t 
to 1801. 

GREENE, THOMAS M. 

He was a Delegate to Congress, 
from the Territory of Mississippi, 
from 1802 to 1803. 

GREENUP, CHRISTOPHER. 

He was Governor of Kentucky 
from 1804 to 1808; was a patriot 
of the American Revolution, and 
participated in the perils of the war. 
He was at various times a member 
of the Legislature of Kentucky, and 
a Representative of that State in 
Congress, from 1792 to 1797. He 
was a man of great usefulness in his 
native State, and died at Frankfort, 
Kentucky, April 24, 1818. 

GREENWOOD, A. B. 

Born in Franklin County, Geor- 
gia, July 11, 1811 ; graduated at 
Athens, Georgia ; is a lawyer by 
profession ; and was a member of 
the Legislature of the State of Ar- 
kansas from 1842 to 1845. He was 
Prosecuting Attorney from 1845 to 
1851 ; Circuit Judge from 1851 to 
1853 ; and elected a Representative 
in Congress from 1853 to 1858, 
serving a portion of the time as 



Chairman of the Committee on In- 
dian Affairs. 

GREGG, ANDREW. 

Born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 
June 10, 1755; he received a good 
classical education, and for several 
years was tutor in the University of 
Pennsylvania. In 1783 he opened 
a country store in Middletown, 
Dauphin County, whence he re- 
moved, in 1789, to a wilderness val- 
ley, where he commenced agricultu- 
ral pursuits. In 1 7 90 he was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, serving from 1791 to 
1807, and a Senator of the United 
States from 1807 to 1813. In 1814 
he removed to Bellefonte, and in 
1816 he was appointed Secretary of 
State of Pennsylvania. He was re- 
markable for a sound and discrimi- 
nating mind, agreeable and dignified 
manners, and performed his duties 
with talent and integrity. He died 
at Bellefonte, May 20, 1835. 

GREGG, JAMES M. 

Born in Patrick County, Virgi- 
nia, June 26, 1806. He received 
only a common school education, 
and was bred a practical farmer, 
but studied the profession of law ; 
and in 1830, he settled in Hendrick 
County, Indiana. From 1834 to 
1837 he was County Surveyor, 
and then chosen Clerk of the Cir- 
cuit Court, serving till 1845. He 
was elected a P^epresentative of 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a 
member of the Committee on Pub- 
lic Expenditures 



Biographical Sketches. 



211 



GREGORY, DUDLEY S. 

He was bomi in Connecticut, was 
at one time engaged in the iron 
business among the Adirondack 
Mountains of New Yorlc, and hav- 
ing settled in New Jersey, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1841 
to 1849. 

GREIG, JOHN. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1842. 

GRENNELL, GEORGE, Jr. 

He was born in Massachusetts ; 
graduated at Dartmouth College 
in 1808 ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1829 to 1839. 

GREY, BENJAMIN E. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1851 to 1855. 

GRIDER, HENRY. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, his native 
State, from 1843 to 184Y. 

GRIFFIN. ISAAC. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1813 
to 1811. 

GRIFFIN, JOHN K. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1831 to 1841, and died at Milton, 
South Carolina, August 1, 1841. 



GRIFFIN, SAMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1189 to 
1195. 

GRIFFIN, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1803 to 
1805. 

GRINNELL, JOSEPH. 

He was born in New Bedford, 
Massachusetts, November 11, 1188. 
His early education was received 
at private schools and was moulded 
in view of a mercantile life ; he 
commenced business in New York 
as a commission merchant in 1809, 
and continued there until 1829 ; for 
five years being connected with 
John H. Howland, eleven years 
with Preserved Fish, and four years 
with his brothers, Moses H. and 
Henry Grinnell; in 1829 he retired 
from the New York concern, and 
visited Europe; on his return, he 
settled in his native place, devoting 
himself to commerce generally, and 
especially to the whale fishery; 
among the laborious positions which 
he has long held in New Bedford, 
are those of President of the Marine 
Bank, of the New Bedford and 
Taunton Railroad, and of the Wam- 
sutta Cotton Mill. In 1839, 1840, 
and 1841, he was a member of the 
Governor's Council of Massachu- 
setts ; he was elected a Represen- 
tative to Congress in 1843, and 
was three times re-elected, serving 
on the Post-office and Commerce 
Committees, and originating the 



212 



Biographical Sketches. 



idea of a reduction of postage and 
the establishment of life-boats. In- 
deed, so great was Mr. Grinnell's 
influence on the floor of Congress, 
as every measure he proposed 
seemed to succeed, he was play- 
fully designated by his friends as 
one of the most dangerous men in 
the House. 

GRINNELL, MOSES H. 

Born in New Bedford, Massa- 
chusetts, March 3, 1803 ; was edu- 
cated at private schools, and at 
Friend's Academy ; was bred a 
merchant, and frequently went 
abroad as supercargo; and he was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1839 to 1841. 
Moses H., Henry Grinnell, and 
Robert B. Minturn, are the gentle- 
men composing the distinguished 
firm of Grinnell, Minturn & Co., 
the house taking that title in 1829, 
though in reality founded many 
years before by Joseph Grinnell 
and Preserved Fish. 

GRISWOLD, GAYLORD. 

He graduated at Yale College 
in 118*1 ; was a member of the 
New York Assembly, from 1196 
to 1198; and a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 
1803 to 1805 ; and died in 1809. 

GRISWOLD, ROGER. 

Born in Lyme, Connecticut, May 
21, 1162 ; graduated at Yale Col- 
lege in 1180, and studied law. 
From 1195 to 1805 he was a Rep- 



resentative in Congress, from Con- 
necticut. In 1801 he declined the 
appointment of Secretary of War, 
offered him by President Adams, a 
few days previous to the accession 
of President Jeff'erson. In 1801 he 
was chosen a Judge of the Supreme 
Court of the State ; was Lieutenant- 
Governor from 1809 to 1811, and 
then elected Governor; while hold- 
ing that office, he refused to place 
four companies under General Dear- 
born, at the requisition of the Pre- 
sident, for garrison purposes, deem- 
ing the requisition unconstitutional, 
as they were not wanted to "repel 
invasion," etc. He died in 1812. 

GRISWOLD, STANLEY, 

Born in Torringford, Connecti- 
cut, November, 1168; graduated at 
Yale College in 1186; and was a 
clergyman. In 1804 he became the 
editor of a Democratic paper in 
Walpole, New Hampshire, but soon 
after was appointed, by President 
Jefferson, Secretary of the Territory 
of Michigan. He was a Senator in 
Congress, from Ohio, in 1809 ; and 
United States Judge for the North- 
western Territory. He died at 
Shawneetown, Illinois, August 21, 
1814. 

GROESBECK, WILLIAM S. 

He was born in New York ; and 
having taken up his residence in 
Ohio, was elected a Representative 
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving 
as a member of the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs. 



Biographical Sketches. 



213 



GROSS, EZRA C. 

He was born in Windsor County, 
Yermont ; graduated at tlie Univer- 
sity of Vermont in 1806 ; was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
New Yorlv, from 1819 to 1821; and 
was elected to the Assembly of that 
State in 1828 and 1829, but died 
before the close of his second term. 

GROSS, SAMUEL. 

He was a native of Montgomery 
County, Pennsylvania, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1819 to 1823. 

GROSVENOR, THOMAS P. 

Born in Pomfret, Connecticut, in 
1'780, and died April 25, 181t. He 
graduated at Yale College in 1800 ; 
and, after studying law, removed to 
New York ; served a number of 
years in the Legislature of that 
State, and was elected to Congress 
as a Representative, serving from 
1813 to 1817. 

GROUT, JONATHAN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1789 to 1791. 

GROVE, WILLIAM B. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from North Carolina, from 
1791 to 1803. 

GROVER, MARTIN. 

He was a native of New York, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1845 to 1847. 



GROW, GALUSHA A. 

Born in Ashford,Windhara Coun- 
ty, Connecticut, August 31, 1823 ; 
was educated at Amherst College, 
graduating in 1844 ; adopted the 
law as a profession, and was admit- 
ted to the bar in 1847 ; and having 
settled among the mountains of 
Pennsylvania, and his health, in 
1850, being delicate, he amused 
himself by surveying wild lands 
and rafting ; and in 1850 he 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, where be still continues, 
serving as a member of the Com- 
mittees on Territories and Public 
Printing. When Mr. Banks was 
Speaker of the House of Represen- 
tatives, Mr. Grow was Chairman of 
the Committee on Territories ; and 
during one of the recesses of Con- 
gress, he visited Europe. He has 
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress. 

GRUNDY, FELIX. 

Born in Yirginia, September 11, 
1770; he removed with his father 
to Kentucky, and was educated at 
Bardstown Academy ; studied law, 
and soon became distinguished at 
the bar. He commenced his public 
career at the age of twenty-two, as 
a member of the Convention for re- 
vising the Constitution of Kentucky; 
was afterwards, for six or seven 
years, a member of the Legislature 
of that State. In 1806 he was 
elected one of the Judges of the 
Supreme Court of Kentucky, and 
was soon after Chief Justice. In 
1807 he removed to Nashville, 



214 



Biographical Sketches. 



Tennessee, and became eminent as 
a lawyer. From 1811 to 1814 he 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Tennessee, and during several 
years after w^as a member of the 
Legislature of that State. Prom 
1829 to 1838 he was United States" 
Senator, and in the latter year was 
appointed, by Prisident Yan Buren, 
Attorney- General of the United 
States; in 1840 he resigned this 
position, and was again elected Se- 
nator. He died at Nashville, Ten- 
nessee, December 19, 1840. 

GUNN, JAMES. 

He was a Senator of the United 
States from Georgia, from 1189 to 
1801, and died in Louisville, in 
that State, July 30, 1801. 

GURLEY, HENRY H. 

He was born in Lebanon, Con- 
necticut, in list ; w^as educated at 
Williamstown College ; studied law, 
and settled at an early day in Lou- 
isiana; and he was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, 
from 1823 to 1831. He previously 
held the office of United States 
Judge of the District Court of Lou- 
isiana, and died in 1832. 

GUSTINE, AMOS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1841 
to 1843, and died in Lost Creek 
Yalley, Pennsylvania, March 3, 
1844. 

GUYON, JAMES. 

He was born in Richmond Coun- 
ty, New York, in 1117 ; represented 



Staten Island, in the Legislature of 
New York, a number of years, and 
was a member of Congress, from 
1819 to 1821. He died on Staten 
Island, March 8, 1846. 

GWIN, WILLIAM M. 

Born in Sumner County, Ten- 
nessee, October 9, 1805 ; graduated 
at Transylvania University, Lexing- 
ton, Kentucky, and studied medicine 
as a profession; he was appointed 
United States Marshal for Missis- 
sippi ; and elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, 
serving from 1841 to 1843. He was 
Commissioner of Public Buildings to 
superintend the erection of the New 
Orleans Custom-house ; a member 
of the Convention for framing the 
Constitution of California, and was 
one of the first United States Sena- 
tors from that State, having been 
elected, in 1850, for six years, and 
re-elected in 1856, for the term 
which expires in 1861. He is 
Chairman of the Committee on the 
Pacific Railroad, and a member of 
the Committees on Finance and on 
Post-oQices and Post-roads. 

HABERSHAM, RICHARD W. 

He was born in Savannah, Geor- 
gia, in 1186, and was educated at 
Nassau Hall, New Jersey, where he 
graduated in 1805. He distinguish- 
ed himself as a lawyer, and occu- 
pied many stations of trust in his 
native State, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1839 to 
1843, where he commanded great 
respect for his political integrity 



Biographical Sketches. 



215 



and gentlemanly character. He died 
in Habersham County, Georgia, 
December 2, 1844. 

HACKET, THOMAS C. 

He was born in Georgia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1849 to 1851, and 
was a member of the Committee on 
Indian Affairs. 

HACKLEY, AARON. 

Born in New Haven, Connecti- 
cut, and was a member of the New 
York Legislature in 1814, 1815, 
and 1818, and a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1819 to 1821. 

HAILE, WILLIAM. 
He was born in 1197, and died at 
Woodville, Mississippi, March 1, 
183*7. He was a member of Con- 
gress, from Mississippi, from 1826 
to 1828. 

HALE, ARTEMAS. 
Born in Winchendon, Worcester 
County, Massachusetts, October 20, 
lt83, and pursued the occupation 
of a farmer until twenty-one years 
of age, having received only a com- 
mon school education. He was a 
teacher in Kingham for ten years, 
and then removed to Bridgewater, 
where he engaged in manufactur- 
ing. He was a Representative in 
the Legislature for several years, 
and a State Senator in 1833 and 
1834. In 1853 he was a member 
of the State Constitutional Con- 
vention, and a Representative in 
Congress, from 1845 to 1849. 



HALE, JOHN P. 

Born in Rochester, Stafford 
County, New Hampshire, March 
31, 1806. After preparing himself 
at Exeter Academy, he entered 
Bowdoin College, and graduated 
in 1827. He studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1830; in 
1832 he was elected to the State 
Legislature ; in 1834 he was ap- 
pointed, by President Jackson, Dis- 
trict Attorney for New Hampshire, 
and reappointed by President Yan 
Buren ; in 1843 he was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress ; in 1846 
he was again elected to the State 
Legislature and chosen Speaker; 
in 1847 he was elected a Senator 
in Congress, and after serving until 
1853, devoted himself for two years 
to his profession, and was re-elected 
in 1855 to the United States Se- 
nate, and still continues to hold the 
position, serving as a member of 
the Committees on Naval Affairs, 
on Post-offices and Post-roads, and 
that to Examine the Condition of 
the Banks. 

HALE, SELMA. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1817 to 1819. 

HALE, WILLIAM. 

He was one of the most influ- 
ential men of New Hampshire, and 
a member of Congress, from 1809 
to 1811, and again from 1813 to 
1817. Died at Dover, November 
8, 1848, aged eighty-four years. 



216 



Biographical Sketches. 



HALEY, ELISHA. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1835 to 1839. 

HALL, AUGUSTUS. 

He was born in New York, and 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Iowa, to the Thirty- 
fourth Congress. 

HALL, BOLLING. 

He was a member of Congress, 
from Georgia, from 1811 to IBIT; 
died near Montgomery, Alabama, 
March 25, 1836, aged sixty-seven 
years. 

HALL, GEORGE. 

He was born in New Haven, Con- 
necticut; was a member of the As- 
sembly of New York in 1816, and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1819 to 1821. 

HALL, HILAND. 

He was born in Bennington, Ver- 
mont, July 20, 1795. He spent his 
boyhood on his father's farm, re- 
ceiving, as he could, a good English 
education; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1819; in 
1821 he was elected to the State 
Legislature, and afterwards, for 
several years, was States Attorney; 
and he was a Representative in 
Congress, from Vermont, from 1833 
to 1843, officiating for several ses- 
sions as Chairman of the Committee 
on Revolutionary Claims. He was 
also Bank Commissioner for Ver- 
mont, from 1843 to 1846; four 



years Judge of the Supreme Court ; 
in 1850 Second Comptroller of the 
Treasury; and in 1851 was ap- 
pointed, by President Fillmore, 
Land Commissioner for California, 
where he remained until 1854. He 
is now residing on the farm where 
he was born. 

HALL, JOSEPH. 

He was born in Essex County, 
Massachusetts, June 26, 1193; re- 
ceived a limited education; after 
leaving Andover Academy, went to 
Maine, and was a clerk in a store until 
twenty-one years of age ; served as 
a lieutenant of militia in 1813-14; 
from 1811 until 1819 was engaged 
in mercantile pursuits ; was sheriff 
of two counties for twelve years ; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1833 to 
1831, having been the first Northern 
man who voted against receiving 
slavery petitions. Before entering 
Congress he was for four years 
Postmaster of Camden, Maine ; 
and, by President Polk, was ap- 
pointed Navy Agent of Boston in 
1849. He has since been connected 
with the Boston Custom-house. 

HALL, LAWRENCE W. 

He was born in Lake County, 
Ohio, in 1819; was educated in that 
State; graduated at Hudson in 
1839; was admitted to the bar in 
1843; practiced his profession un- 
til 1851, when he was elected Judge 
of the Court of Common Pleas, 
which position he held until 1856, 
when he was elected a Representa- 



Biographical Sketches. 



217 



tive, from Ohio, to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress. He is a member of the 
Committees on Agriculture and on 
Public Buildings and Grounds. 

HALL, NATHAN K. 

Born March 28, 1810, at Mar- 
cellus, Onondago County, New 
York. He read law in the office of 
Mr. (afterwards President) Fill- 
more, and became his partner in 
the practice of their profession, at 
Buffalo, Erie County, New York, 
in 1832. He has held different ad- 
ministration and judicial offices in 
his native State, served as a mem- 
ber of the State Legislature, and 
was a Representative in Congress 
from 1847 to 1849. On Mr. Fill- 
more's accession to the Presidency, 
in July, 1850, he was appointed to 
the office of Postmaster-General. 

HALL, OBED, 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1811 to 1813. 

HALL, ROBERT B. 

Born in Boston, Massachusetts, 
January 28, 1812 ; was educated 
for the ministry; was a member of 
the Massachusetts Senate in 1855 ; 
and, having been elected a Repre- 
sentative to the Thirtyrfourth Con- 
gress, in that year, was re-elected 
to the Thirty-fifth Congress in 
1851, where he continues at the 
present time; serving as a member 
of the Committee on Revolutionary 
Pensions. 



HALL, THOMAS H. 

Born in Edgecombe County, 
North Carolina, in 1773; was edu- 
cated for the medical profession, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress from 1817 to 1825, and again 
from 1827 to 1835. In 1836 he 
served as a member of the State 
Senate, and voted against the re- 
ception of any of the surplus reve- 
nue of the United States Treasury, 
by the State of North Carolina. 
He died in Tarborough, Juno 30, 
1853. 

HALL, WILLARD. 
He was born in Westford, Mas- 
sachusetts, December 24, 1780; 
graduated at Harvard College in 
1799; he studied law and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1803; he re- 
moved to Delaware and practiced 
his profession there; in 1811 he 
was elected Secretary of State, in 
Delaware, and held that office three 
years ; he was elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress in 1816, and re- 
elected in 1818 ; he was again Se- 
cretary of State in 1821 ; in 1822 
was elected to the Legislature ; and 
in 1823, was appointed, by Presi- 
dent Monroe, District Judge of the 
United States for Delaware; in 
1829 he revised the State Laws of 
Delaware, and in 1831 he was a 
member of the State Constitutional 
Convention. 

HALL, WILLARD P. 
He was born in Virginia, and on 
taking up his residence in Missouri, 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from 1847 to 1853. 



218 



Biographical Sketches. 



HALL, WILLIAM. 

He was born in llli, and died in 
Sumner County, Tennessee, in 
October, 1856. He was a general 
of militia and a Representative in 
Congress, from Tennessee, from 
1831 to 1833. 

HALLOCK, JOHN, .Jb. 

He was a member of the Assem- 
bly of New York State, from Orange 
County, in 1816 and 181*7, and from 
1820 to 1821, and a Representa- 
tive in Congress from 1825 to 1829. 

HALLOWAY, RANSOM. 

A Representative in Congress^ 
from the Eighth Congressional Dis- 
trict of JSTew York, from 1849 to 
1851. He died in Mount Pleasant, 
Prince George County, Maryland, 
April 6, 1851. 

HALM, .JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1815tol8n. 

HALSEY, JEHIEL H. 

He was a member of the Xew 
York Senate from 1832 to 1835, 
having previously been a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1829 to 1831. 

HALSEY, NICOLL. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly, from Tompkins 
County, in 1824, and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, 
from 1833 to 1835. 



HALSEY, SILAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1805 
to 180*1, and having previously been 
in the Assembly of that State for 
several years, was subsequently, for 
one year, a member of the State 
Senate. 

HxiLSTEAD, WILLIAM. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 183*7 to 
1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. 

HAMER, THOMAS L. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1833 to 
1839, and died at Monterey, Mexi- 
co, while serving in th'e war, De- 
cember 3, 1846. 

HAMILTON, JAMES. 

Born in Charleston, South Ca- 
rolina, in 1*789, was liberally edu- 
cated, and adopted the law as a 
profession. In 1812 he served with 
distinction on the Canadian fron- 
tier ; was for several years Mayor 
of Charleston ; in 1823 was elected 
to the State Legislature ; and from 
that position was transferred to the 
National House of Representa- 
tives, where he remained until 1829. 
He was subsequently chosen Gover- 
nor of South Carolina, and, becom- 
ing interested in the Republic of 
Texas, helped to promote her inde- 
pendence, and went to Europe as 
Minister Plenipotentiai'y from that 
Republic. He did much to pro- 
mote the interests of his native 



Biographical Sketches. 



219 



city and State, and was one of the 
founders of the Southern Quarterly 
Review, and also of the Bank of 
Charleston. At the time of his death 
he was a Senator elect in Congress, 
but was drowned on his passage to 
Texas, November 15, 1851, by a col- 
lision between the steamers Galves- 
ton and Opelousas, having been a 
passenger on board the latter 
steamer. 

HAMILTON, JOHN. 

He was at one time High Sheriff 
of Washington County, Pennsylva- 
nia, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1805 
to 180*7. He died at home, August 
31, 183Y, aged thirty-four years. 

HAMILTON, WILLIAM T. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1849 to 1855. 

HAMINS, DAVID. 

He was born in Maine, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 184t to 1849. 

HAMLIN, EDWARD S. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1844 to 
1845. 

HAMLIN, HANNIBAL. 

Born in Paris, Oxford County, 
Maine, August 2Y, 1809 ; is a law- 
yer by profession ; was a member of 
the Maine Legislature from 1836, 
to 1840; and Speaker of the House 
in 183t, 1839, 1840 ; was elected 
a Representative to the Twenty- 



eighth Congress, and re-elected to 
the Twenty-ninth Congress ; was a 
member of the House of Represen- 
tatives in the State Legislature in 
1841 ; and elected to the United 
States Senate, May 26, 1848, for 
four years, to fill a vacancy occa- 
sioned by the decease of John Fair- 
field. He was re-elected for six years, 
July 25, 1851, and elected Governor 
of Maine, January 7, 1857, resigning 
his seat in the Senate and being in- 
augurated Governor the same day. 
On the sixteenth of the same month, 
was re-elected United States Sena- 
tor for six years, and resigned the 
office of Governor, February 20, 
1857. He is a member of the 
Committees on Commerce, and on 
the District of Columbia. 

HAMMET, WILLIAM J. 

He was born in Virginia ; studied 
divinity ; was Chaplain of the Uni- 
versity of Virginia when he finished 
his education ; was at one time 
Chaplain of Congress; and a Rep- 
resentative in Congress, from Mis- 
sissippi, from 1843 to 1845. 

HAMMOND, EDWARD. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congr 
from that State, from 1849 to 1853. 

HAMMOND, .JABEZ D. 

He was a lawyer and popular 
political writer of New York ; did 
not receive a collegiate education, 
but Union College conferred on him 
the degree of A.M. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from 



220 



Biographical Sketches. 



N'ew York, from 1815 to 1811, and 
on the expiration of his terra, he 
was elected to the State Senate, of 
which he was a member until 1821. 
He visited Europe, in 1830, to re- 
store his health. He was elected 
County Judge in 1838, and about- 
that time commenced his " Political 
History of the State of New York." 
In 1845 he was elected to succeed 
Mr. Van Buren as a Begent of the 
University of 'New York, and held 
the ofSce until his death. After 
his return from Europe, having 
withdrawn in a great measure from 
public and professional life, he de- 
voted himself to literary pursuits, 
and published works entitled " Ju- 
lius Melbourn," " The Political 
History of New York," and the 
"Life and Times of Silas Wright." 
He died August 18, 1855, in Cherry 
Yalley, New York, his place of 
residence. 

HAMMOND, JAMES H. 

Born in Newbury District, South 
Carolina, November 15, 1807 ; 
graduated at the State College, Co- 
lumbia ; practiced law from 1 828 to 
1830 ; was editor of the Southern 
Times ; served his native State in 
Congress, from 1835 to 1837 ; 
after which he visited Europe for his 
health. In 1841 he was appointed 
a general of militia ; and in 1842 
elected Grovernor of South Carolina. 
After spending about fifteen years 
in the quiet enjoyment of his plan- 
tation, on the Savannah Biver, de- 
voting himself to agricultural and 
literaiy pursuits, he was, in Novem- 



ber, 1857, elected to the United 
States Senate, where he still con- 
tinues. 

HAMMOND, ROBERT H. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Bepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1837 
to 1841. 

HAMMOND, SAMUEL. 

Born in Bichmond County, Vir- 
ginia, in 1757 ; received as good 
an education as the country afforded 
at the time ; when quite young he 
volunteered in an expedition against 
the Indians under Governor Dun-, 
more, and acquired distinction at 
the battle of the Kanawha ; when the 
Bevolution broke oat he displayed 
great bravery and ability at the 
battle of Long Bridge, at the siege 
of Savannah, where he was made As- 
sistant Quartermaster ; at the bat- 
tle of Black Stocks, where he had 
three horses shot from under him, 
and was wounded ; he was a mem- 
ber of the Council of Capitulation 
at Charleston; was at the battle of 
King's Mountain ; he was also at 
the siege of Augusta ; at the battle 
of Cowpens ; the battle of Eutaw, 
where he was againbadly wounded. 
After the war he settled at Savan- 
nah, and held many positions of 
trust and honor ; in 1793 he headed 
a volunteer corps, and did good 
service in the Creek country ; served 
a number of years in the State 
Legislature ; and he was a Bepre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1803 to 
1805. He was also appointed, by 



Biographical Sketches. 



221 



President Jefferson, Military and 
Civil Commandant of Upper Loni- 
siana ; he was one of the early 
Governors of Georgia ; and Re- 
ceiver of Public Money in that 
State. In 1824 he returned to 
South Carolina, and was elected to 
the Legislature of that State ; was 
appointed Surveyor-General ; and 
in 1831 Secretary of State. He 
retired from public life in 1835, and 
died soon after, leaving behind 
a brilliant reputation, both as a 
patriot and a man. 

HAMMONS, JOSEPH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1829 to 1833 ; and died at Farm- 
ington, in that State, April, 1836. 

HAMPTON, .JAMES G. 

He was born in New Jersey ; 
graduated at Princeton College in 
1835 ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from his native State, 
from 1845 to 1849. 

HAMPTON, MOSES. 

Born in Beaver County, Penn- 
sylvania, October 28, 1803, but re- 
moved, with his father, to Trumbull 
County, Ohio, so that his opportu- 
nities for even a common school 
education were limited ; he, how- 
ever, by his own exertions, obtained 
a classical education, and graduated 
at "Washington College, Pennsyl- 
vania. He studied law at Union- 
town, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1829, and commenced to practice 
in Somerset, Pennsylvania, where he 
remained until 1838, and then went 



to Pittsburg, and pursued the prac- 
tice of his profession. From 1847 
to 1851, he was a Representative 
in Congress, and declined a re-elec- 
tion. In 1853, he was elected 
President Judge of the District 
Court for Alleghany County, and 
still holds that office. 

HAMPTON, WADE. 

He was born in South Carolina 
in 1755 ; he took an active part in 
the war of the Revolution; com- 
manded a brigade in 1812 on the 
Northern frontier; he spent the 
larger part of his life engaged in 
agricultural pursuits, by which he 
amassed a very large fortune, hav- 
ing been called the richest planter 
in the United States ; and he died 
at Columbia, South Carolina, Feb- 
uary 4, 1834. 

HANCOCK, GEORGE. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1793 to 
1797. 

HAND, AUGUSTUS C. 

He was a member of the State 
Senate of New York, from Essex 
County, from 1845 to 1848, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1839 to 1841. His native State 
was Vermont. 

HANNA, JOHN A. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1797 
to 1805. 

^ HANNA, ROBERT. 

He was a member of the Indiana 
Constitutional Convention of 1816 ; 



22^ 



lOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



a general of militia ; was for many 
years in tlie State Legislature ; was 
a Senator in Congress, from In- 
diana, by appointment, from 1831 
to 1832; took an active part for 
many years in the public affairs of 
Ms State; and was killed by the 
cars, while walking on the track of 
a railroad at Indianapolis, Novem- 
ber 19, 1858. 

HANNEGAN, EDWARD A. 

He was born in Ohio, but spent 
his boyhood in Kentucky, received 
a good education, studied law and 
was admitted to the bar in his 
twenty-third year, settling in In- 
diana. He was frequently a mem- 
ber of the State Legislature, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Indiana, from 1833 to 183*7, and a 
Senator in Congress, from 1843 to 
1849, officiating a part of the time 
as Chairman of the Committee on 
Roads and Canals, and on Enrolled 
Bills. On his retirement from the 
Senate, he was appointed Minister 
to Prussia, and on his return from 
Europe, took up his residence in 
Missouri. 

HANSON, ALEXANDER CONTEE. 

He was a lawyer by profession, 
and at one time edited a political 
newspaper called the Federal Re- 
publican, at Georgetown, District 
of Columbia. He was a bitter op- 
ponent of the administration, and 
in 1812 published an article, which 
so irritated the populace, that his 
printing-office was destroyed. He 
resolved to re-issue the paper, and 



took possession of a house for that 
purpose, supported by several poli- 
tical friends, well armed ; the paper 
appeared next morning with an ar- 
ticle against the people and police 
of Baltimore, and in the evening 
the house was attacked by a mob 
from that city, which was, however, 
repelled ; but Mr. Hanson and his 
friends were obliged to surrender to 
the civil authorities, for security, 
and were conducted to jail. That 
building was also attacked, and he 
was thrown in front of the jail, with 
others, and left by the mob, sup- 
posed to be dead. He afterwards 
removed to Baltimore, and in that 
year was elected a Representative 
in Congress, serving from 1813 to 
1816, when he was elected a Sena- 
tor of the United States. He died 
at Belmont, April 23, 1819, aged 
thirty-three years. ^^^T/^ jr^ ^ 

HARD, GIDEON. 



'AWJoj^ 



He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1833 
to 183Y, and a Senator from that 
State, from 1842 to 184t. 

HARALSON, HUGH A. 

Born in Greene County, Georgia, 
November 13, 1805. He graduated 
at the University of Georgia in 
1825, and adopted the law as a pro- 
fession, having, by an act of the 
Legislature, been permitted to prac- 
tice before he was twenty-one. He 
was for many years a member of 
the Georgia Legislature, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1843 
to 1851. He died at home in Oc- 



Biographical Sketches. 



22^ 



tober, 1854. He also participated 
in the military aflfairs of the State, 
and was a major-general of militia ; 
and when in Congress, was Chair- 
man of the Committee on Military 
Affairs. 

HARDIN, BENJAMIN. 

He was born in Westmoreland 
County, Pennsylvania, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Kentucky, from 1815 to 1817, from 
1819 to 1823, and again from 1833 
to 1837, and died at Bardstown, 
Kentucky, September 24, 1852. 

HARDIN, .JOHN J. 
He was born in Kentucky, and 
having removed to Blioois, was 
elected a Bepresentative in Con- 
gress, from 1843 to 1845. 

HARDIN, JIARTIN D. 

He was born on the Mononga- 
hela Biver, Western Pennsylvania, 
June 21, 1780. He was educated 
chiefly at Transylvania Seminary, 
in Kentucky ; studied law ; served 
for several years in the Legislature 
of Kentucky ; was at one time Se- 
cretary of State for Kentucky; 
served in the Northwestern army as 
a major ; and was a Senator in 
Congress, during the years 1816 
and 1817. He had a superior 
mind, and as a lawyer was emi- 
nently successful. He died in 
Franklin County, Kentucky, Octo- 
ber 8, 1823. 

HARLAN, AARON. 

He was born in Warren County, 
Ohio, September 8, 1802 ; received 



a good English education ; adopted 
the profession of law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1825 ; in 1831 
he was elected a member of the 
State Legislature, and in 1838 and 
1839 was elected to the State Se- 
nate ; was a Presidential Elector in 
1844 from Ohio ; in 1849 was again 
elected to the State Senate ; in 1850 
was a member of the State Consti- 
tutional Convention; and in 1852 
he was elected a Bepresentative in 
Congress from Ohio, where he has 
continued to serve the people of his 
native district to the present time. 
He is a member of the Committee 
on Private Land Claims. 

HARLAN, ANDREW .J. 

He was born in Chester, Clinton 
County, Ohio, March 29, 1815 ; re- 
ceived a limited education ; studied 
law, but abandoned the practice for 
politics ; in 1842 he was elected 
Clerk of the Indiana House of Be- 
presentatives ; was elected to the 
Legislature in 1846, 1847, and 
1848 ; and was elected a Bepresen- 
tative in Congress, from Indiana, 
from 1849 to 1851, and again from 
1853 to 1855. 

HARLAN, JAMES. 

Born in Mercer County, Kentucky, 
June 22, 1800 ; received a good 
English education, and engaged in 
mercantile pursuits from 1817 to 
1821. He then commenced the 
study of the law, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1823. In 1829 he 
was appointed Prosecuting Attor- 
ney for the Circuit in which he re- 
sided, and held the office four years. 



224 



Biographical Sketches. 



In 1835 he was elected a Represen- 
tative to Congress from Kentucky, 
and in 183T he was re-elected ; 
during the last session he was Chair- 
man of the Committee for Investi- 
gating Defalcations. From 1840 
to 1844 he was Secretary of State 
of Kentucky. In 1845 he was 
elected to the lower branch of the 
Legislature ; and in 1850 he was 
appointed Attorney- General of that 
State, which office he now holds. 

HARLAN, JAMES. 

Born in Clark County, Illinois, 
August 26, 1820 ; graduated at In- 
diana IJniversity in 1845; a lawyer 
by profession ; was Superintendent 
of Public Instruction in the State 
of Iowa in 1847 ; President of Iowa 
Wesleyan University in 1843 ; and 
was elected a United States Senator 
in 1854, serving as a member of the 
Committees on Public Lands and 
on Engrossed Bills. 

IIARMANSON, JOHN H. 

Born in Norfolk, Virginia, in 
January, 1803 He was educated 
at Jefferson College, Mississippi, 
and having removed to Louisiana, 
devoted himself first to one of the 
mechanic arts, then to law, and after- 
wards to agriculture. He served in 
the State Senate in 1844 ; and was 
elected to the National House of 
Representatives in 1845, and re- 
elected in 1841 and 1849, ever keep- 
ing a watchful eye upon the interests 
of his adopted State, and proposed 
in Congress a project to secure a 
grant from the L'^nited States to 



Louisiana, of all the submerged 
lands in that State, with a view to 
their redemption from that condi- 
tion, and thus promoting the public 
health. He died in New Orleans, 
October 25, 1850. 

HARPER, ALEXANDER, 

He was born in Ireland, and 
having emigrated to Ohio, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1831 to 1839, from 1843 
to 1841, and again from 1851 to 
1853. 

HARPER, FRANCIS J. 

He was elected a member of Con- 
gress , from Pennsylvania, but died 
before taking his seat, March 18, 
1831, aged thirty-eight years. 

HARPER, JAMES. 

He was born in Ireland, and 
having emigrated to Pennsylvania, 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from 1833 to 1831. 

HARPER, JOHN A. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1811 to 1813. 

HARPER, JOSEPH M. 

Born in Limerick, Maine, June 
21, 1181 ; commenced active life by 
working on his father's farm in sum- 
mer and going to the district school 
in winter ; he was also at the Frye- 
burg Academy, and taught school; 
he studied medicine and law, and 
practiced both professions; he was 
a judge, at one time, of the United 



Biographical Sketches. 



225 



States District Court of Maine ; 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1831 to 
1835. He is now the President 
of the Mechanics' Bank, Con- 
cord. 

HARPER, ROBERT G. 

He was born near Fredericks- 
burg, Virginia, in 1*765; was a 
graduate of Princeton College in 
1785, and for a time a teacher 
in that institution ; removing to 
Charleston, South Carolina, he 
studied law and was admitted to 
the bar of that State; he was a 
leading Representative in Congress, 
from South Carolina, from 1794 to 
1801; he subsequently removed to 
Baltimore, Maryland, and was a 
Senator in Congress, from that 
State, during the years 1815 and 
1816; in 1819 he visited Europe, 
and, on his return, devoted himself 
to the cause of the Colonization 
Society, and to literary pursuits, 
publishing a number of interesting 
addresses and papers, which were 
subsequently collected in a volume. 
He served with credit in the war of 
1812, having attained the rank of 
major-general. He died suddenly, 
January 15, 1825, having been en- 
gaged the preceding day in the 
Circuit Court. 

HARPER, WILLIAM. 

He was a native of South Caro- 
lina ; graduated at the South Caro- 
lina College in 1808 ; adopted the 
profession of law ; served in the 
State Legislature, and was elected 
15 



Speaker of the Lower House. He 
was a Senator in Congress, from 
South Carolina, during the year 
1826, and was appointed Chancel- 
lor of that State in 1835; he was 
an eminent jurist, and died Octobei 
10, 1847. 

HARRIS, ISHAM G. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1849 to 1853. 

HARRIS, J. MORRISON. 

Born in the City of Baltimore, in 
1821 ; was educated at La Fayette 
College, Pennsylvania, and studied 
law, being admitted to the bar in 
1843. He was a Presidential Elec- 
tor in 1848, and in 1855 was elected 
a Representative, from Maryland, 
in the Thirty-fourth Congress, and 
returned to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress in 1857, serving as a member 
of the Committee on Mileage. 

HARRIS, JOHN. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1807 to 1809. 

HARRIS, MARK. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, during the years 
1822 and 1823. 

HARRIS, ROBERT. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1828 
to 1827. 



226 



Biographical Sketches. 



HARRIS, SAMPSON W. 

Born in Elbert County, Georgia, 
February 23, 1809, and died in 
Washington City, April 1, 1857. 
He graduated at Franklin College 
in 1828 ; adopted the profession of 
law ; served one term in the Geor- 
gia Legislature, and then removed 
to Alabama. He was there ap- 
pointed Prosecuting Attorney for 
the State ; and in 1847 he was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Alabama, where he con- 
tinued until his death 

HARRIS, THOMAS K. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1813 
to 1815. 

HARRIS, THOMAS L. 

He was born in Norwich, Con- 
necticut, October 29, 1816 ; gradu- 
ated at Trinity College, Hartford, in 
1841 ; studied law, in Connecticut, 
with Governor Isaac Toucey ; was 
admitted to the bar, in Yirginia, in 
1842, and during that year com- 
menced the practice of his profes- 
sion in Petersburg, Menard County, 
Hlinois. In 1845 he was chosen 
School Commissioner for his coun- 
ty, and in 1846 he raised and com- 
manded a company, and joined the 
4tTi Regiment of Illinois Yolunteers 
to serve in the war with Mexico ; 
he was afterwards elected major of 
the regiment, and, owing to the 
sickness of his superior officers, was 
chief in command during most of 
the campaign. He was at the tak- 
ing of Vera Cruz, and served in 



the navy battery with a detachment 
during the day of its terrible fire ; 
was also at Cerro Gordo, and after 
the wounding of General Shields, 
took command of the regiment, 
and was honorably mentioned in 
Government dispatches, for placing 
a twenty-four-pounder battering 
cannon on the heights of Cerro 
Gordo, during the night preceding 
the battle. While absent in the 
army, in 1846, he was elected a Se- 
nator in the Illinois Legislature, 
and in 1848 was chosen a Rep- 
resentative in Congress, serving 
through the Thirty-first, and was 
re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress ; during his second term he 
officiated as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Elections. He took a 
special interest in the late election 
in Illinois, when he was re-elected 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress ; and 
it is supposed that owing to his de- 
clining health, the efforts he made 
to attend the polls were the more 
immediate cause of his death, which 
occurred at Springfield, Illinois, 
November 24, 1858. His disease 
was pulmonary consumption. 

HARRIS, WILEY P. 

He was born in Mississippi, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1853 to 1855, 

HARRIS, WILLIAM A. 

He was born in Fauquier County, 
Yirginia, August 8, 1805 ; received 
a classical education ; he adopted 
the profession of law, and practiced 
it for ten years ; he was twice elect- 



Biographical Sketches. 



227 



ed to the Legislature of Yirginia ; 
and he was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1841 to 1843. He 
was editor, for several years, of a 
journal called the Spectator, and 
subsequently of the Constitution; 
and in 1845 he was appointed, by 
President Polk, Charge d'Affaires to 
Buenos Ayres, where he remained 
until 1851. After the election of 
Mr. Buchanan to the Presidency, 
he became the editor and proprietor 
of the Washington Union ; which 
continued in his possession until he 
was elected Printer to the United 
States Senate, which is his present 
ofiBcial position. 

HARRISON, ALBERT G. 

He was a native of Kentucky ; a 
lawyer by profession ; and a mem- 
ber of Congress, from Missouri, 
from 18.35 to 1839. He died at 
Fulton, Missouri, September 7, 
1839, highly esteemed. 

HARRISON, CARTER B. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1793 to 
1799. 

HARRISON, JOHN S. 

He was born in Ohio, and was a 
Representative . in Congress, from 
that State, from 1853 to 1857. 

HARRISON, S. S. 

He was born in Maryland ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1833 to 
1837. 



HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY. 

Was born in Charles County, 
Yirginia, February 9, 1773; was 
educated at Hampden Sydney Col- 
lege, and afterwards studied me- 
dicine. He received, from Wash- 
ington, a millitary commission in 

1791, and fought under Wayne in 

1792. After the battle of Miami 
Rapids, he was made captain, and 
placed in command of Fort Wash- 
ington. In 1797 he was appointed 
Secretary of the Northwest Terri- 
tory; and in 1799 and 1800 he was 
a Delegate to Congress. Being ap- 
pointed Governor of Indiana, he was 
also Superintendent of Indian Af- 
fairs, and negotiated thirteen trea- 
ties. He gained a great victory in 
the battle of Tippecanoe, Novem- 
ber 7, 1811. In the war with Great 
Britain, he was commander of the 
Northwest army, and was distin- 
guished in the defence of Fort 
Meigs, and the victory of the 
Thames. From 1816 to 1819, he 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Ohio ; and from 1825 to 1828, 
United States Senator. In 1828 
he was Minister to the Republic of 
Colombia ; and on his return he re- 
sided upon his farm, at North Bend, 
Ohio. In 1840 he was elected 
President of the United States, by 
234 votes out of 294, and inaugura- 
ted March 4, 1841. He died in the 
Presidential mansion, April 4, 1841. 

HART, EMANUEL B. 
Born in New York City, October 
29, 1811 ; entered early upon a mer- 
cantile occupation; went to the 



228 



Biographical Sketches. 



Spanish Main as a supercargo ; and 
settled in New York as a commis- 
sion merchant ; served for a time in 
the Board of Aldermen ; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1851 
to 1853 ; he was at one time a lieu- 
tenant-colonel of the State militia ;• 
and was appointed, by President 
Buchanan, Surveyor of the port of 
New York. Mr. Hart has also fre- 
quently been a member of the State 
and National Conventions of the 
Democratic party. 

HARTLEY, THOMAS. 

He was born in Reading, Penn- 
sylvania; served in the revolutionai'y 
war as a colonel from 1776 to 1779 ; 
was a lawyer of eminence ; and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1789 until his 
death, which occurred at York, 
Pennsylvania, in 1800. 

HARVEY, JONATHAN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1825 to 1831, and during his last 
term was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Commerce. 

HARVEY, MATTHEW. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1821 to 1825. 

HASBROUCK, ABRAHAM. 
He was a member of the New York 
Assembly, from Ulster County, in 
1781 and 1782, and again in 1811 ; 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from 1813 to 1815; and State Se- 
nator in 1822. 



HASBROUCK, ABRAHAM B. 

He graduated at Yale College in 
1810 ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 

1825 to 1827. 

HASBROUCK, JOSIAH. 

He was for four years a member 
of the New York Assembly, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1803 to 1805, and 
again from 1817 to 1819. 

HASCALL, AUGUSTUS P. 

He was born in Massachusetts ; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1851 
to 1853. 

HASKELL, WILLIAM T. 

He was born in Tennessee, re- 
ceived a liberal education, and 
adopted the profession of law; he 
commanded, as colonel, a regiment 
of Tennessee volunteers, in the late 
war with Mexico, having distin- 
guished himself at Medelin and at 
Cerro Gordo ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Ten- 
nessee, from 1847 to 1849. 

HASKINS, JOHN B. 

Born at Fordham, Westchester 
County, New York, August 7, 
1821 ; educated at a public school 
in New York City ; he was a law- 
yer by profession ; held several im- 
portant city offices from 1846 to 
1856, and was then elected a Re- 
presentative in the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, officiating as Chairman 



Biographical Sketches. 



229 



of the Committee on Expenditures 
in the Navy Department. 

HASTINGS, GEORGE. 

He was born in Clinton, Oneida 
County, New York, March 13, 
1807 ; graduated at Hamilton Col- 
lege in 1826 ; studied law and was 
admitted to the bar in 1830 ; he 
was District Attorney for Oneida 
County nine years ; and he was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1858 to 1855. 
Late in the latter year he was elect- 
ed Judge for Livingston County, 
which office he now holds, 

HASTINGS, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1839 to 
1843, and died at Columbus, De- 
cember 29, 1854. 

HASTINGS, L. CLINTON. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Iowa, from 1846 to 
1847. 

HASTINGS, SETH. 

He graduated at Harvard TJni 
versity in 1782; was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Massachu- 
setts, from 1801 to 1807 ; and died 
in 1831. 

HASTINGS, WILLIAM SODEN. 

He was frequently a member of 
the Legislature of Massachusetts, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1837 
to 1842. He died at the Sulphur 
Springs, Virginia, June 17, 1842. 



HATCH, ISRAEL T. 

He was born in New York ; was 
a member of the Assembly of that 
State, in 1852 ; and elected a Re- 
presentative to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, serving as Chairman of the 
Committe on the Militia, and as 
member of the Committee on En- 
graving. 

HATHAAYAY, S. G. 

He was, for three years, a mem- 
ber of the Assembly of New York, 
one year a State Senator, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1833 to 1835. 

HATHORN, JOHN. 

He was a member of the State 
Senate of New York in 1787 ; a 
Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1789 to 1791, and 
again from 1795 to 1797 ; and was 
again elected to the State Senate in 
1804. 

HAVEN, JONATHAN N. 

He graduated at Yale College 
in 1777, and was for nine years a 
member of the New York Assem- 
bly, from Suffolk County, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1795 
to 1799, the year of his death. 

HAVEN, NATHANIEL A. 

He was a native of New Hamp- 
shire; graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity in 1779; was a member of 
Congress, from that State, from 
1809 to 1811, and died March, 
1831, aged sixty-nine years. 



230 



Biographical Sketches. 



HAVEN, SOLOMON G. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State from 1851 to 185Y. 

HAWES, ALBERT G. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1831 to 
1831, and died in Davis County, 
Kentucky, April 14, 1849. 

HAWES, AYLETT. 

Was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1811 to 
ISIT. He was a physician by pro- 
fession, and died in Culpepper 
County, Virginia, April, 1834. 

HAWES, RICHARD. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
having removed to Kentucky, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1831 to 
1841. 

HAWKINS, BENJAMIN. 

Born in Yates County, North 
Carolina, August 15, 1154 ; was 
educated at Princeton College ; and 
was an excellent French scholar, 
which occasioned his becoming a 
personal friend of Washington, that 
he might act as interpreter in his 
intercourse with the French officers 
of his army. He was with him at 
the battle of Monmouth. In 1180 
he was chosen Commercial Agent 
by the Legislature of North Caro- 
lina; and from 1181 to 1184, and 
from 1186 to 1181, he was a Dele- 
gate in the First Congress ; and as 
a Senator of the United States, un- 



der the Constitution, from North 
Carolina, he served from 1189 to 
1195; and having been appointed, 
by Washington, Agent for Superin- 
tending all the Indians south of the 
Ohio, he retained that office until 
his death, — having tendered his re- 
signation, without its being accept- 
ed, to each successive President, 
from 1196 to 1816. He was a 
man of superior abilities and lofty 
character, and left behind him some 
valuable writings on "Topogra- 
phy," and " Indian Character, " He 
died June 6, 1816. 

HAWKINS, GEORGE S. 

He was born in New York, and, 
having become a citizen of Florida, 
was elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from that 
State, serving on the Committees 
on Private Land Claims, and on 
Naval Affairs. 

HAWKINS, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1821 
to 1823. 

HAWKINS, JOSEPH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1829 
to 1831. 

HAWKINS, JOSEPH W. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1814 to 
1815. 

HAWKINS, M. T, 

He entered public life, in 1819, 
as a member of the House of Com- 



Biographical Sketches. 



231 



mons of North Carolina; was a ' 
member of the State Senate from 
1823 to 1821; and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from North Caro- 
lina, from 1831 to 1841. He 
served again in the State Senate in 
1846. He was also at one time a 
general of militia. 

HAWS, J. H. HOBART. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1851 to 1853. 

HAY, ANDREW K. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and, having become a resident of 
New Jersey, was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1849 to 
1851. 

HAYDEN, MOSES. 

He was a member of the New 
York State Senate in 1829 and 1830, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from 1823 to 1827. 

HAYMOND, THOMAS S. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1849 to 1851. 

HAYNE, ARTHUR P. 

He was born in Charleston, South 
Carolina, March 12, 1790, received 
a good education, and commenced 
active life in a counting-house. He 
early formed an attachment for 
military life, and, on entering the 
army, rendered good service dur- 
ing the last war with England, at 
Sacket's Harbor, as first lieutenant ; 



on the St. Lawrence, as major of 
cavalry; in the Creek Nation, as 
inspector-general, and also at the 
storming of Pensacola, and at New 
Orleans. After the war he studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar 
in Pennsylvania. During the Florida 
war he was again called into the 
field, and had command of the Ten- 
nessee Yolunteers, and he retired 
from the army in 1820. He sub- 
sequently served in the Legislature 
of South Carolina, and was chosen 
a Presidential Elector in 1832, vot- 
ing for Jackson; and he was ap- 
pointed to a seat in the United 
States Senate, from South Carolina, 
in May, 1858, in the place of Se- 
nator Evans. 

HAYNE, ROBERT Y. 

He was born near Charleston, 
South Carolina, November 10, 1791; 
his early advantages for education 
were limited ; he studied law with 
Langdon Cheves, and was admitted 
to the bar before he was twenty- 
one years of age, attaining a high 
rank as a lawyer. In the war of 
1812 he held the commission of 
lieutenant. In 1814 he was elected 
to the State Legislature, and in 
1818 Speaker, and was also At- 
torney-General of the State. He 
was elected to the United States 
Senate in 1823, and continued there 
until 1832. In 1832, as a member 
of the "Union and State Rights 
Convention" of South Carolina, he 
reported the ordinance of Nullifica- 
tion, and was soon afterwards elect- 
ed Governor of the State. He was 



232 



Biographical Sketches. 



subsequently Mayor of Charleston, 
and President of the Charleston, 
Louisville, and Cincinnati Railroad 
Company. He died at Ashville, 
North Carolina, September 24,1839. 
His abilities were of a high order, 
and he acquired distinction by his. 
participation in a debate in the 
Senate with Daniel Webster. 

HAYNES, CHARLES E. 

He was born in Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Ueorgia, from 1825 to 1829, and 
again from 1835 to 1839. 

HAYS, SAMUEL. 

He was born in Yirginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1841 to 1843. 

HAYS, SAMUEL. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1845. 

HAYWOOD, WILLIAM H., Jr. 

Born in "Wake County, North 
Carolina, in 1801 ; graduated at the 
University of North Carolina in 
i819 ; studied law ; entered public 
life as a member of the House of 
Commons in 1834, continuing there 
three years; in 1836 was Speaker 
of the House ; and a Senator in 
Congress, from 1843 to 1845. 

HAZARD, NATHANIEL. 

He was born in Newport, Rhode 
Island, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1819 to 1821. 



HAZELTINE, ABNER. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly in 1829 and 1830, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 1837. 

HEALEY, JOSEPH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1825 to 1829, and was a member 
of the Committee on Revolutionary 
Claims. 

HEATH, JAMES P. 

He was born in Delaware, De- 
cember 21, IITT. In 1799 he was 
appointed a lieutenant in the regi- 
ment of artillerists and engineers, 
which he resigned in 1802 ; he was 
Register in Chancery, at Annapo- 
lis, at the commencement of the 
war of 1812; he served through the 
whole war as aid-de-camp to Ge- 
neral Winder; in 1838 he was 
wrecked on the steamer Pulaski, 
and spent five days and nights 
afloat upon a piece of the wreck ; 
when nineteen years of age he 
fought a duel with John Knight, 
and received a ball which never left 
him ; and he was a Representative 
in Congress, from Maryland, from 
1833 to 1835, serving as a-member 
of the Committee on Commerce. 
He died in Georgetown, June 12, 
1854. 

HEATH, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1793 to 
1797. 



Biographical Sketches. 



233 



HEBART, WILLIAM. 

He was bora in Connecticut, and 
having settled in Yermout, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1853. 

HEISTER, DANIEL. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1789 to 1796, and, for another terra, 
from 1809 to 1811. He also served 
in Congress, from Maryland, from 
1801 to 1804. 

HEISTER, JOHN. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
180T to 1809. 

HEISTER, JOSEPH. 
He was born at Reading, Penn- 
sylvania, November 18, 1752; was 
a general in the revolutionary war, 
having organized a company at his 
own expense, which fought on Long 
Island, where he was wounded and 
taken prisoner. He was a Repre- 
sentative in the Pennsylvania Le- 
gislature soon after the close of the 
war, and served for several years ; 
was a member of the Convention 
which formed the State Constitu- 
tion, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1797 to 
1805, and again from 1815 to 1820. 
He was Governor from 1820 to 
1823, and died at Reading, June 
10, 1832. 

HEISTER, WILLIAM. 
He was, for many years, an ac- 
tive politician and a leader of the 



Anti-Masonic party. He was a 
member of the Convention to revise 
the Constitution of Pennsylvania, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1831 to 1837. 
He died October 14, 1853, in Penn- 
sylvania, aged sixty-two years. 

HELMS, WILLIAM. 

He was an officer in the revolu- 
tionary army ; a Representative in 
Congress, from New Jersey, from 
1801 to 1811 ; and, removing to 
Tennessee, died there at an ad- 
vanced age. 

HEMPHILL, JOSEPH. 

He was born in Delaware Coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania, and was a leading 
member of the old Federal party ; he 
was a Representative of Pennsylva- 
nia in Congress, from 1801 to 1803, 
again from 1819 to 1827, and from 
1829 to 1831. He distinguished 
himself particularly by a speech on 
the Judiciary Bill in 1801 ; and was 
for some time Judge of the District 
Court of Philadelphia. He died in 
Philadelphia, May 29, 1842, aged 
seventy-two years. 

HEMPSTEAD, EDWARD. 

He was born near New London, 
Connecticut; was educated for the 
bar, and became distinguished as a 
lawyer; he removed to Upper 
Louisiana three years after its ces- 
sion to the Union, and was the first 
Delegate to Congress, from the 
western side of the Mississippi 
River, representing Missouri Terri- 
tory from 1811 to 1814. 



234 



Biographical Sketches. 



HENDERSON, ARCHIBALD. 

Born in Granville County, IS'orth 
Carolina, August T, 1T68, and died 
October 21, 1822. He was edu- 
cated in his native county, studied 
law, and rose to a high position at 
the bar of his State. He was a 
E-epresentative in Congress, from 
North Carolina, from 1Y99 to 1803 ; 
and subsequently elected to the 
General Assembly for several terms. 
His learning was extensive, and his 
character as a man above reproach. 

HENDERSON, BENNETT H. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1815 to 
1817. 

HENDERSON, JOHN. 

He was a lawyer by profession ; 
a general of militia in Mississippi ; 
a Senator in Congress, from Missis- 
sippi, from 1839 to 1845; and, dur- 
ing the latter part of his life, prac- 
ticed his profession in Louisiana. 
He died at Pass Christian in 185T, 
aged sixty-two years. 

HENDERSON, JOSEPH. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 183T. 

HENDERSON, J. PINCKNEY, 

Born in Lincoln County, North 
Carolina, March 31, 1808. He re- 
ceived a liberal education but did 
not graduate, and adopted the law 
as a profession, first visiting Cuba 
for his health, and settling in Mis- 



sissippi. He emigrated to Texas 
in 1836, and his first civil office was 
that of Attorney- General of the 
Republic of Texas, having been ap- 
pointed, by President Houston, in 
1836; in 183T he was appointed 
Secretary of State of the Republic ; 
soon afterwards Minister Plenipo- 
tentiary to England and France, 
clothed with the additional powers 
of Commissioner to solicit the re- 
cognition of the Lidpendence of 
Texas ; in 1838 he made a commer- 
cial arrangement with England, and 
in 1839 a commercial treaty with 
France ; in 1844 he was appointed 
a Special Minister to the United 
States, vhich mission resulted in the 
annexation of Texas ; in 1 845 he was 
a member of the Convention which 
framed the Constitution of the State 
of Texas; in November, of the 
same year, was elected Governor of 
the State ; and when the Mexican 
war broke out, in 1846, as Gover- 
nor of the State, and by permission 
of the Legislature, he took com- 
mand, in person, of the volunteer 
troops, called for by General Tay- 
lor, served six months as major- 
general, and distinguished himself 
at the battle of Monterey, subse- 
quently receiving from Congress, for 
his services, a vote of thanks and a 
sword valued at fifteen hundred dol- 
lars. He was elected a Senator, in 
Congress, in 1857, but, owing to ill 
health, did not take an active part 
in its proceedings, and he died in 
Washington City, June 4, 1858, 
deeply lamented by all who knew 
him. 



Biographical Sketches. 



235 



HENDERSON, SAMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1814 to 1815. 

HENDERSON, THOMAS. 

He was a graduate of Princeton 
College in 1T61; was Judge of 
the Court of Common Pleas; a 
Delegate to the Continental Con- 
gress, from 1779 to 1T80; a Rep- 
resentative, of New Jersey, in Con- 
gress, under the Constitution, from 
1795 to 1797 ; and was once Lieu- 
tenant-Governor of that State. 

HENDRICKS, THOMAS A. 

He was born in Muskingum 
County, Ohio, September 7, 1819; 
was educated at South Hanover 
College ; studied law and completed 
his legal studies at Chambersburg, 
Pennsylvania, in 1843; settled in 
Indiana, and practiced his profes- 
sion with success; in 1848 he was 
chosen to the State Legislature, 
and declined a re-election ; was an 
active member of the Constitutional 
Convention of 1850 ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Indiana, from 1851 to 1855 ; he 
was appointed, by President Pierce, 
in 1855, Commissioner of the Gen- 
eral Land-office, in which he has 
been continued by President Bu- 
chanan, to the arduous duties of 
which he is wholly devoted. 

HENDRICKS, WILLIAM. 

Born in Westmoreland County 
Pennsylvania, in 1783. He was 
one of the early settlers of Madison, 



Indiana, having removed there in 
1814. During his residence in that 
State, he filled many high and im- 
portant offices; he was Secretary 
of the Convention which formed 
the present Constitution of the 
State ; the first and sole Repre- 
sentative of Indiana, in Congress, 
from 1816 to 1822; Governor of 
the State from 1822 to 1825, when 
he was elected ,a member of the 
United States Senate, and served 
until 1837. He died in Madison, 
May 16, 1850. 

HENLEY, THOMAS, Jr. 

He was born in Indiana, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 

1847. 

HENLEY, THOMAS J. 

He was born in Ohio, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1847 to 1849. 

HENN, BERNHARDT. 

He was born in New York, and 
on emigrating to Iowa, he was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1853 
to 1855. 

HENRY, JOHN. 

He was a graduate of Prince- 
ton College, in 1769; was for seve- 
ral years, from 1778, a Delegate to 
the old Congress ; a Senator in 
Congress under the Constitution, 
from Maryland, from 1789 to 1797; 
and elected Governor of Maryland, 
in the latter year. He died at East- 
on, December, 1798. 



236 



BioaRAPHiCAL Sketches. 



HENRY, ROBERT P. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1823 to 

1827. 

HENRY THOMAS. 

Born in Ireland in 1*185, and 
died in Beaver County, Pe-nnsyl- 

vania, July 2t, 1849. He served 

his adopted State, in Congress, 

from 1837 to 1843. 

HENRY WILLIAM. 

He was born in New Hampshire, 
and having settled in Yermont, de- 
voted himself to mercantile pursuits ; 
was for many years cashier of the 
Bank of Bellow's Falls, where he 
resides ; was elected a Bepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from Vermont, 
from 184t to 1853, accomplishing 
much work, as a member of several 
committees. 

HERBERT, JOHN C. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1815 to 
1819. 

HERBERT, PHILIP T. 

He was born in Alabama, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from California, from 1855 to 185T. 

HERKIMER JOHN. 

Born in Herkimer County, ISTew 
York, in 1773 ; was for many years a 
Judge of the Circuit Court ; and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1817 to 1819, and 
again from 1823 to 1825. Died at 
Danube, New York, June 8, 1845. 



HERNANDEZ, JOSEPH M. 

He was one of the prominent 
Spanish citizens who remained in 
the Territory of Florida at the 
time of its transfer to the United 
States ; he was the first Delegate to 
Congress, from Florida, and subse- 
quently a leading member and pre- 
siding officer of the Territorial Le- 
gislature. At the breaking out of 
the Indian hostilities, he was made 
a brigadier-general in the United 
States Service. He was a man of 
refined and elegant manners, re- 
sided at St. Augustine, and died 
near Matanzas, Cuba, June 8, 1857, 
at an advanced age. 

HEROD, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Indiana, from 1837 to 
1839. 

HERRICK, EBENEZER. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1821 to 
1827, and died at Lewiston, in 
that State, May 7, 1839. 

HERRICK, JOSHUA. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1843 to 
1845, and was a member of the 
Committee on Accounts. 

HERRICK, RICHARD P. 

Born in 1791, a man of remarka- 
ble business enterprise, and a mem- 
ber of Congress, from New York, 
from 1845 to the time of his death, 
which occurred at Washington, 
June 20, 1846. 



Biographical Sketches. 



237 



HEERICK, SAMUEL. 
He was born in Dutchess Coun- 
ty, New York, April 14, 1779. 
He read law at Carlisle, Pennsylva- 
nia, and was admitted to the bar in 
1805; in 1810 he settled at Zanes- 
ville, Ohio, and was appointed Col- 
lector of Taxes for that county ; 
soon afterwards, Prosecuting At- 
torney for the same county; and 
soon after that, by President Madi- 
son, was appointed United States 
District Attorney for Ohio ; in 1812 
he was appointed one of a Board 
of Commissioners, for settling the 
Northwestern boundary line ; in 
the autumn of that year, he succeed- 
ed Lewis Cass as Prosecuting At- 
torney for Muskingum County ; in 
1814 he was appointed to the same 
office in Licking County ; and he 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1817 to 1821. After his se- 
cond election, his seat was contest- 
ed by Charles Hammond, but the 
House sustained his claim. He 
was a Presidential Elector in 1828, 
and in 1829 was appointed, by Pre- 
sident Jackson, United States Dis- 
trict Attorney for Ohio. The re- 
mainder of his life was spent in re- 
tirement, and he died in December, 
1851. 

HEYWARD, WILLIAM H. 
He graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1808, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Maryland, 
from 1823 to 1825. 

HIBBARD, HENRY. 
He was born in Vermont, gradu- 
ated at Dartmouth College in 1835, 



and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1847 to 1855. 

HIBSHMAN, JACOB. 

He was born in Lancaster, Penn- 
sylvania, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1819 to 1821. 

HICKMAN, JOHN. 

Born in Chester County, Penn- 
sylvania, September 11, 1810; is a 
lawyer by profession; and was 
elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-fourth Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, and re-elected to the 
Thirty-fifth, officiating as Chairman 
of the Committee on Revolutionary 
Pensions. He has also been elect- 
ed to the Thirty-sixth Congress. 

HIESTER, ISAAC E. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative, in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1853 
to 1855. 

HILL, JOSHUA. 

Born in Abbeville District, 
South Carolina, January 10, 1812 ; 
he had not a collegiate education ; 
but studied law as a profession. 
He was elected a Representative 
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and is 
a member of the Committee on 
Public Lands. 

HILL, CLEMENT S. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1853 to 1855. 



238 



Biographical Sketches. 



HILL, HUGH L. W. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1847 to 1849. 

HILL, ISAAC. 

Born in Somerville, Massachu- 
setts, April 6, 1188. In 1798 his 
parents removed to a farm in Ash- 
burnham, Massachusetts ; his edu- 
cation was exceedingly limited, and 
at the age of fourteen he was ap- 
prenticed in a printing-office, and 
in 1809, at the expiration of his 
apprenticeship, he went to Con- 
cord, New Hampshire, and pur- 
chased the American Patriot, which 
was afterwards issued as The New 
Hampshire Patriot, and became a 
paper of immense circulation and 
influence during the twenty years 
of his editorship. During that time 
he was twice chosen Clerk of the 
State Senate ; was once a Bepre- 
sentative in the Legislature, and 
was elected a member of the State 
Senate in 1820, 1821, 1822, and 
1821. In 1828 he was a condidate 
for the United States Senate, but 
not elected. In 1829 he was ap- 
pointed, by President Jackson, 
Second Comptroller of the Trea- 
sury, and held the office until April, 
1830. He returned to New Hamp- 
shire, and was elected by the Legis- 
lature United States Senator for 
six years, from 1831. In 1836 
he resigned his senatorship, being 
elected Governor of New Hamp- 
shire, and re-elected in 1831 and 
1838. In 1840 he was appointed, 
by President Van Buren, Sub-Trea- 



surer at Boston, and in that year 
established, in connection with his 
two oldest sons. Hill's New Hamp- 
shire Patriot, which they published 
and edited until 1841, when that 
paper was united with the Patriot. 
He also published the Farmers' 
Monthly Visitor, an agricultural 
paper, for ten years ; and during the 
last fifteen years of his life devoted 
much attention to agriculture. He 
died in Washington, District of 
Columbia, March 22, 1851. 

HILL, JOHN. 

He was born in Virginia, and was 
a Bepresentative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1839 to 1841. 

HILL, JOHN. 

Born in Stokes County, North 
Carolina, served many years in the 
Legislature of the State, was a Be- 
presentative in Congress, from 1839 
to 1841, and in 1850 held the posi- 
tion of Beading Clerk in the State 
Senate. 

HILL, MARK L. 

He was born in York County, 
Maine. From the year 1192 to the 
close of his life, he had been almost 
constantly in the exercise of some 
public employment, either by popu- 
lar election or executive appoint- 
ment. Though denied the advan- 
tages of a liberal education, he 
succeeded, by assiduous self-culture, 
in making himself useful to his 
country, and gaining honor to him- 
self in the various posts of high re- 
sponsibility to which he was sue- 



Biographical Sketches. 



239 



cessively elevated He was, at 
various periods, a member of the 
Senate and House of Representa- 
tives of Massachusetts, a Judge 
of the Court of Common Pleas, 
member of Congress, from Massa- 
chusetts, from 1819 to 1821, Post- 
master at Phipsburg, Maine, Col- 
lector of the port at Bath, and 
held several other town and county 
oflSces. He was one of the Over- 
seers of Bowdoin College from the 
first, until 1821, when he became a 
Trustee, in which office he continued 
till his decease, and during the whole 
period of forty-nine years regularly 
attended every meeting except one. 
He died at Phipsburg, Maine, No- 
vember 26, 1842, in the seventy- first 
year of his age. 

HILL, THOMAS. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1824 
to 1826. 

HILL, WILLIAM H. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from North Carolina, from 
1799 to 1803, and he was also ap- 
pointed Judge of the United States 
District Court for the District of 
North Carolina. 

HILLEN, SOLOMON, Jh. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1839 to 1841. 

HILLHOUSE, JAMES. 

He was born at Montville, Con- 
necticut, October 21, 1754 ; gra- 



duated at Yale College in 1773; 
after due preparation, entered upon 
the practice of law ; took an active 
part in the revolutionary struggle, 
and when New Haven was invaded 
by the British, was commander of 
the Governor's Guards. He be- 
came a Representative in Congress 
in 1791, and three years afterwards 
he was chosen a Senator of the 
United States from Connecticut, 
and continued a distinguished mem- 
ber for sixteen years. In 1810 he 
resigned his seat in the Senate, and 
took the office of Commissioner of 
the School Fund of Connecticut, 
which he managed with great ability 
and fidelity for fifteen years ; and in 
1825 he undertook to conduct the 
construction of the Farmington and 
Hampshire Canal. He was chosen 
Treasurer of Yale College in 1782, 
and continued to hold the office 
until his death, having done much 
to promote the interests of that in- 
stitution. He died at New Haven, 
December 29, 1832. 

HILLIARD, HENRY W. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
but spent his boyhood in South 
Carolina, at the College of which 
State he graduated. He studied 
law, and settled in Georgia, but in 
1836 became a citizen of Alabama, 
occupying for several years a pro- 
fessorship in the University of that 
State. In 1838 he was elected to 
the State Legislature, and in 1840 
a Presidential Elector. In 1842 he 
was appointed, by President Tyler, 
Minister to Belgium ; and was a 



240 



Biographical Sketches. 



Kepresentative in Congress, from 
Alabama, from 1843 to 1851. He 
has also been a Regent • of the 
Smithsonian Institution, and has 
devoted some attention to the pur- 
suits of literature ; a volume of his 
speeches was published in 1855. 

HILLYER, JUNIUS. 

He was born in Wilks County, 
Georgia, April 23, 1801 ; graduated 
at the State University at Athens 
in 1828 ; having studied his profes- 
sion while in college, he was admit- 
ted to the bar within one week after 
graduating ; in 1834 he was elected 
by the Legislature Solicitor-Gene- 
ral for the Western District of the 
State ; and he was a Representative 
in Congress, from Georgia, from 
1851 to 1855, during his second 
term serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on Private Land Claims. 
In 1857 he was appointed, by Pre- 
sident Buchanan, Solicitor of the 
United States Treasury, which po- 
■ sition he now holds. 

HINDMAN, WILLIAM. 

He was a Delegate, from Mary- 
land, to the Continental Congress ; 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1792 to 1799; and a Senator in 
Congress during the years 1800 and 
1801. He died January 26, 1822. 

HINDS, THOMAS. 

Born about the year 1775 ; was a 
distinguished officer in the battle of 
New Orleans ; and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Mississippi, 
from 1828 to 1831. He died in 



Jefferson County, Mississippi, Au- 
gust 23, 1840. 

IIINES, RICHARD. 

He was born in ISTorth Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from North Carolina, from 
1825 to 1827. 

HITCHCOCK, PETER. 

Born in Cheshire, Connecticut, 
October 19, 1780; and graduated 
at Yale College in 1801. He was 
admitted to the bar in 1804, and 
commenced the practice of law in 
his native town. In 1806 he re- 
moved to Geauga County, Ohio, and 
in 1810 he was elected to the Gene- 
ral Assembly of that State ; from 
1812 to 1816 he was a member of 
the State Senate, and President of 
that body one session. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1817 to 1819, and then chosen 
Judge of the Supreme Court of 
Ohio, for seven years ; was re-elected 
to the same office in 1826, and re- 
tired from the bench in 1852, after 
a judicial service of twenty-eight 
years ; having been for a portion of 
that time Chief Justice. From 
1833 to 1835 he was again a mem- 
ber of the State Senate, and once 
again President. In 1850 he was 
a delegate to the Constitutional 
Convention of the State. He died 
in Painesville, Ohio, May 11, 1853. 

HOAGLAND, MOSES. 

He was born in Ohio, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1849 to 1851. 



Biographical Sketches. 



241 



HOAR, SAMUEL. 

Born ia Lincoln, Massachusetts, 
May 18, 1788. He graduated at 
Cambridge in 1802, and was for 
two years thereafter a private tutor 
in Virginia. He studied law with 
Arteraas Ward, and was admitted 
to the bar in 180.5, and opened an 
office in Concord. He soon attained 
high rank, and was for forty years 
one of the most eminent and suc- 
cessful practitioners in Middlesex 
County, as well as in the whole 
State. He was a member of the 
Convention for revising the State 
Constitution in 1820; State Senator 
in 1825 and 1833 ; member of the 
Executive Council in 1845 and 1846; 
State Representative in 1850; and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1835 to 1837. In 1844 he was ap- 
pointed by the Legislature of Mas- 
sachusetts, to proceed to South 
Carolina and aid the colored citi- 
zens of Massachusetts, imprisoned 
by the authorities of South Caroli- 
na, by testing, in the courts of the 
United States, the constitutionality 
of the acts of South Carolina, au- 
thorizing the imprisonment of co- 
lored persons who should enter that 
State. His appearance in Charles- 
ton caused great excitement, and he 
was expelled from that city by its 
citizens, December 5, 1844 ; the Le- 
» gislature having passed resolutions 
on that day authorizing the Gover- 
nor to expel him. He was a mem- 
ber of various religious and charita- 
ble societies, of the American Aca- 
demy of Arts and Sciences, of the 
Massachusetts Historical Society, 
16 



and, at the time of his death, one of 
the Overseers of Harvard College; 
the degree of Doctor of Laws hav- 
ing, in 1838, been conferred upon 
him by that institution. He died in 
Concord, Massachusetts, November 
2, 1856. 

HOARD, CHARLES B. 

Born in Springfield, Vermont, 
June 28, 1805 ; he was a mechanic, 
and for several years in early life a 
clerk in a private land-office at Ant- 
werp, New York. He was post- 
master under Presidents Jackson 
and Van Buren ; justice of the peace 
for several years ; a member of the 
Legislature of New York in 1838, 
and County Clerk of Jefferson 
County, New York, in 1844, 1845, 
and 1846. He has been an active 
politician, and was elected a Repre- 
sentative to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on 
Expenditures in the State Depart- 
ment. He has been re-elected to 
the Thirty-sixth Congress. 

HOBART, AARON. 

He was born in Plymouth Coun- 
ty, Massachusetts, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1821 to 1827. 

HOBART, .JOHN SLOSS. 

He was Judge of the District 
Court of New York, and held 
several important stations in that 
State during the revolutionary war ; 
after which he was appointed one 
of the three judges of the Su- 
preme Court. He was elected a 



242 



Biographical Sketches. 



member of the United States Se- 
nate for the term commencing Jan- 
uary, 1'I98, but resigned May 5, not 
having taken his seat, and was then 
appointed Judge of the United 
States District Court of New York. 
He died February 4, 1805, aged 
sixty-six. 

HOBBIE, SELAH R. 

Born in Newburg, New York, 
March 10, 1197, and at an early 
day established himself at Delhi, 
Delaware County, in the practice of 
law, where he was soon appointed 
District Attorney and Brigade Ma- 
jor and Inspector. He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 182T 
to 1829, when, on the accession of 
General Jackson to the Presidency, 
he was appointed Assistant Post- 
master-General, which he held until 
1850, when he retired on account of 
ill health, but assumed the duties of 
the office under President Pierce. 
He died in Washington, District of 
Columbia, March 23, 1854. 

HODGES, JAMES L. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
182t to 1831. 

HOFFMAN, HENRY W. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1855 to 1851. 

HOFFMAN, MARTIN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1825 
to 1829. 



HOFFMAN, MICHAEL. 

Born in the town of Clifton Park, 
Saratoga County, New York, in 
1188. He was educated as a phy- 
sician, but afterwards studied law 
and settled in Herkimer County, 
where he occupied a high position. 
He was elected to Congress in 1824, 
and continued a member for eight 
years, serving a portion of the time 
as Chairman of the Committee on 
Naval Affairs. He was appointed 
a Canal Commissioner for the State 
of New York, wrote several able 
reports, and resigned the office in 
1835. In 1841 he went into the 
House of Assembly, from Herkimer 
County, and accomplished much 
good for the service and credit of 
his State. He was also a Delegate 
to the Constitutional Convention 
of 1846, and was Naval Officer in 
the City of New York ; he was a 
powerful and effective debater, and 
as a man, unselfish and of high cha- 
racter. He died at Brooklyn, Sep- 
tember 21, 1848. 

HOFFMAN, OGDEN. 

He was born in New York City, 
in 1194, and graduated at Colum- 
bia College in 1812; he soon after 
entered the navy as a midshipman, 
but in three years he resigned, and 
studied law. He commenced to 
practice in Orange County, and was 
appointed District Attorney, but 
removed to New York City in 1826, 
and was a partner of Hugh Max- 
well, and became eminently success- 
ful in his profession. In 1828 he 



Biographical Sketches. 



243 



was a Representative in the Legis- 
• lature ; from 1829 to 1835 was Dis- 
trict Attorney ; and was appointed 
United States District Attorney, by 
President Harrison. From 1837 
to 1841 he was a Representative in 
Congress, and was a member of the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs ; he 
was re-elected in 1848, and in 1854 
was appointed Attorney General of 
the State. He was remarkable for 
his eloquence and learning ; and for 
more than a quarter of a century 
occupied a high position at the bar 
of New York. He died in that 
City, May 1, 1856. 

HOGAN, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1831 
to 1833. 

HOGE, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1804 
to 1805. 

HOGE, JOSEPH R. 

He was born in Ohio, and, having 
removed to Illinois, was elected a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1843 to 1847. 

HOGE, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1801 
to 1804, and again from 1807 to 
1809. 

HOGEBOOM, J. L. 

He was a member of the New 
York Constitutional Convention of 



1821, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1823 to 1825. 

HOGG, SAMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1817 to 
1819. 

HOLCOMBE, G. E. 

He graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1805 ; was a Representative 
in Congress, from New Jersey, 
from 1821 to 1828, and died in 

1828. 

HOLLADAY, ALEXANDER R. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1849 to 1853, 
and was Chairman, during his first 
terra, of the Committee on Expen- 
ditures in the Navy Department. 

HOLLAND, CORNELIUS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1831 to 
1833, serving on the Committee on 
Elections, as well as on the Com- 
mittee of Representation under the 
Fifth Census. 

HOLLAND, .JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from North Carolina, from 
1795 to 1797, and again from 1801 
to 1811. 

HOLLEMAN, JOEL. 

Born in the County of Isle of 
Wight, Virginia, October 1, 1799 ; 
was educated at Chapel Hill, North 



244 



Biographical Sketches. 



Carolina ; taught school for some 
years, and then studied law, in the 
practice of which he was success- 
ful ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Yirginia, from 1839 
to 1841. He was subsequently in 
the State Legislature for several- 
years, and Speaker of the House 
when he died, August, 1844. 

HOLLEY, JOHN M. 

He graduated at Yale College 
in 1822 ; was a member of the New 
York Assembly, from 1838 to 1841 ; 
and elected a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from New York, from 
ISil to 1848. He died at Jack- 
sonville, Florida, March 8, 1848, 
before the expiration of his term. 

HOLLOWAY, D. P. 

Born in Waynesville, Warren 
County, Ohio, December 6, 1809, 
but removed with his parents to 
Cincinnati in 1818. In 1823 he 
went to Richmond, Indiana, and 
learned the printing business, and 
subsequently served four years in 
the office of the Cincinnati Ga- 
zette. He commenced the publica- 
tion of the Bichmond Palladium 
in 1832, and is still the editor. In 
1843 he was elected to the lower 
branch of the State Legislature of 
Indiana, and in 1844 to the State 
Senate, serving nine years. In 1855 
he was elected a Representative in 
Congress, and was Chairman of the 
Committee on Agriculture, during 
that term. He was eight years 
President of the Agricultural So- 
ciety of Wayne County. 



HOLMES, DAVID. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 11 97 to 
1809. 

HOLMES, DAVID. 

He was a Senator of the United 
States, from Mississippi, serving 
from 1820 to 1825, having pre- 
viously been appointed Governor of 
that Territory. He died August 
20, 1832. il 

HOLMES, ELIAS B. 

Born in Fletcher, Yermont, May 
2t, 1807. He commenced life as a 
teacher, and at the age of twenty 
emigrated to Monroe County, New 
York, where he studied law, and 
was admitted to practice in 1830. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1845 
to 1849. 

HOLMES, GABRIEL. 

A Representative in Congress, 
from North Carolina, from 1825 to 
1829. He was born in Sampson 
County of that State, educated at 
Harvard University, and was a law- 
yer by profession. He was in the 
State Senate in 180Y, and Governor 
of the State in 1821. 

HOLMES, ISAAC E. 
Born in Charleston, South Caro- 
lina, April 5, 1796; educated at 
the best schools of his native city, 
and graduated with honors, at Yale 
College, in 1815; he studied law 
and was admitted to the bar in 
1818, in Charleston. He was one 
of the originators of the " South 



Biographical Sketches. 



245 



Carolina Association;" and was 
elected to the State Legislature in 
1826. For a time be devoted him- 
self to planting, but his most dis- 
tinguished public service was as a 
Representative in Congress, from 
South Carolina, from 1839 to 1851, 
during which period he served with 
ability at the head of the Commit- 
tees of Commerce and the Navy, 
and also on that for Foreign Af- 
fairs. He subsequently took up his 
residence in California. 

HOLMES, JOHN. 

A Representative in Congress, 
from Massachusetts, from 1817 to 
1820, and a Senator, from Maine, 
from 1820 to 1833. He was a 
member of the Convention to form 
the Constitution of the State of 
Maine, and acted as Chairman of 
the Committee that drafted the 
document. He also served in the 
Legislatures of Maine and Massa- 
chusetts. He was born on Cape 
Cod, and died July 1, 1843, in Port- 
land, aged about seventy years, hold- 
ing, at the time, the office of United 
States District Attorney for Maine. 
He was a prominent member of the 
bar for forty years, and was distin- 
guished for his eloquence and wit. 

HOLMES, URIEL. 

He graduated at Yale College in 
1184, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Connecticut, from 
181t to 1818, when he resigned. 
He died in 1827. 



HOLSEY, HOPKINS. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Georgia, from 1836 to 1839. 

HOLT, ORPJN. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1837 to 1839. 

HOLTEN, SAMUEL. 

Born in Danvers, Massachusetts, 
June 9, 1738, and was bred a physi- 
cian. During the Revolution he 
zealously espoused the cause of his 
country, and was a member of the 
old Congress from 1778 to 1787, 
officiating, at one time, as its Presi- 
dent. He was a Representative, 
under the Constitution, from 1793 
to 1795 ; and spent the closing 
years of his life as Judge of Pro- 
bate for Essex County, and died 
January 2, 1816. 

HOUCK, JACOB, Jr. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1841 to 1843. 

HOOK, ENOS. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1839 to 
1841. 

HOOKS, CHARLES. 

Born in Bertie County, North 
Carolina, served for many years in 
the State Legislature, and was a 
Representative in Congress during 



246 



Biographical Sketches. 



the years 1816 and 181*7, and from 
1819 to 1825." He subsequently 
removed to Alabama, where he died 
in 1851. 

HOPKINS, GEOKGE W. 

Born in Goochland County, Vir- 
ginia, February 22, 1804. He was 
educated at the "old field schools" 
of that day, and, for some years, 
alternately taught school and stu- 
died law. During the years 1833 
and 1834, he served in the House of 
Delegates, and was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, in 1835, 
and was re-elected until 1847, 
serving during one session as 
Speaker of the House of Repre- 
sentatives, after which he was ap- 
pointed, by President Polk, Charge 
d'Affaires of the United States to 
Portugal. On his return from Eu- 
rope, in 1849, he went a second 
time into the House of Delegates 
of Yirginia, and was elected Speak- 
er of the House. He was subse- 
quently elected a Judge of the Cir- 
cuit Court, and, in 1851, was re- 
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
where he succeeded Hon. Thomas 
L. Clingman as Chairman of the 
Committee on Foreign Relations. 

HOPKINS, SAMUEL. 

He was born in Albemarle Coun- 
ty, Yirginia ; he served with dis- 
tinction in the revolutionary war, 
having fought at Princeton, Tren- 
ton, Monmouth, Brandywine, and 
Germantown, and also, as lieute- 
nant-colonel of a Virginia regi- 
ment, at the siege of Charleston ; 



he removed to Kentucky in 179T, 
and served a number of years in 
the State Legislature; in 1812 led 
two thousand troops against the 
Kickapoo Indians ; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1813 to 1815. He 
died at an advanced age. 

HOPKINS, SAMUEL M. 

He graduated at Yale Col- 
lege in 1791, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1813 to 1815. He was 
an eminent lawyer, and much re- 
spected as a philanthropist and a 
Christian. He died at Geneva, 
New York, October 8, 183T, aged 
sixty-five years. 

HOPKINSON, JOSEPH. 

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylva- 
nia, November 12, 1170 ; was edu- 
cated at the university of his native 
State, from which institution, as 
well as from Nassau Hall and Har- 
vard University, he subsequently 
received the degree of LL.D. He 
studied law, and commenced to 
practice at the age of twenty, at 
Easton, and afterwards at Philadel- 
phia, and became eminent in his 
profession. He was the leading 
counsel of Dr. Rush, in his famous 
suit against William Cobbett, in 
1799, and was also engaged by 
Judge Chase, in his impeachment 
case before the United States Se- 
nate. In 1815 he was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, and 
served until 1819, after which he 
resided in Bordentown, New Jer- 



i 



Biographical Sketches. 



247 



sey, until appointed, by President 
John Quincy Adams, Judge of the 
District Court of the United States 
for the Eastern District of Pennsyl- 
vania, when he returned to Phila- 
delphia and held this office until 
his death. In 183Y he was a mem- 
ber of the Constitutional Conven- 
tion of the State ; was one of the 
Trustees of the University of Penn- 
sylvania ; was President of the Phi- 
ladelphia Academy of Fine Arts, 
and Vice-President of the Ameri- 
can Philosophical Society. He 
published many interesting ad- 
dresses, and wrote the song " Hail, 
Columbia." He died at Philadel- 
phia, January 15, 1842. 

HEREFORD, JEUEDIAH. 

He was born in Vermont, and 
having removed to New York, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1853. 

HORN, HENRY. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 
to 1833. 

HORNBECK, JOHN W. 

He was a member of the House 
of Representatives in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1847 to 
1848, and died at Allentown, Penn- 
sylvania, January 16, 1848. 



I 



HERSEY, OUTERBRIDGE. 

He was a native of Delaware, 
,d born in 1111 ; after completing 
s classical education he studied 



law, under Honorable James A. 
Bayard, and rose to eminence in his 
profession. He was for many years 
Attorney- General of the State, and 
was a Senator in Congress, from 
Delaware, from 1810 to 1821. He 
died at Needwood, Maryland, June 
9, 1842. 

HORTON, THOMAS R. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1855 to 1851. 

HORTON, VALENTINE B. 

He was born at Windsor, Ver- 
mont, January 29, 1802 ; was edu- 
cated at Partridge's Military Aca- 
demy, in that State ; and after that 
institution was removed to Middle- 
town, Connecticut, he became a 
teacher therein. He studied law at 
Middletown, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1830, after which he re- 
moved to and practiced his profes- 
sion in Pittsburg. He removed 
to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1833, where 
he followed his profession for two 
years, and in 1835 removed to 
Pomeroy, Ohio, his present resi- 
dence, where he engaged in mining 
and manufacturing. He was a 
member of the Ohio Constitutional 
Convention of 1850, and in 1854 
he was elected a Representative to 
the Thirty-fourth Congress, and 
was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, 
his business affairs causing him to 
decline a nomination for the next 
Congress. He is at present a 
member of the Committee on Post- 
offices and Post-roads. 



248 



Biographical Sketches. 



HOSMER, HEZEKIAH L. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1197 
to 1799. 

HOSTELER, JACOB. 

He was born in York, Pennsyl- 
vania, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1819 to 1821. 

HOUGH, DAVID. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1803 to ISOt. 

HOUGH, WILLIAM J. 

He was born in New York ; 
served in the Assembly of that 
State, in 1835 and 1836 ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1845 to 184t. 

HOUSTON, GEORGE S. 

He was born in Williamson 
County, Tennessee, but removed, 
when quite young, to the Fifth Con- 
gressional District of Alabama, 
whei'e he was educated and has 
since resided. Soon after attaining 
the age of twenty-one he was 
elected to the Alabama Legislature, 
and served two sessions ; he was 
also, for a time. Attorney for the 
State, or Solicitor ; and was a 
second time elected to the Legisla- 
ture. He was elected a Represen- 
tative to Congress, in 1841, and 
continued to serve, by successive 
elections, until 1849, when he volun- 
tarily retired, for the purpose of 
resuming the practice of law. He 



was again elected to Congress, in 
1851, and has been regularly re- 
elected to the present time, serving 
on several of the leading committees, 
and officiating at the present time 
as Chairman of the Committee on 
the Judiciary. 

HOUSTON, JOHN W. 

Born in Sussex County, Dela- 
ware ; studied at Newark Acade- 
my, and graduated at Yale College 
in 1834. He studied law with Hon. 
John M. Clayton, and was admitted 
to the bar in 183V. He was Se- 
cretary of State in 1841 ; and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Delaware, from 1845 to 1851. 

HOUSTON, SAMUEL. 

Born in Rockbridge County, Vir- 
ginia, March 2, 1193. He lost his 
father when quite young, and his 
mother removed with her family to 
the banks of the Tennessee, at that 
time the limit of civilization. Here 
he received but a scanty education ; 
he passed several years among the 
Cherokee Indians, and in fact, 
through all his life, he seems to 
have held opinions with Rousseau, 
and retained a predilection for life 
in the wilderness. After having 
served for a time as clerk to a 
country trader, and kept a school, 
in 1813 he enlisted in the army, and 
served under General Jackson, in 
the war with the Creek Indians. 
He distinguished himself on se- 
veral occasions, and at the co 
elusion of the war he had risen 
the rank of lieutenant, but soon r 



cal 



Biographical Sketches. 



249 



signed his commission and com- 
menced the study of law at Nash- 
ville. It was about this time that 
he began his political life. After 
holding several minor offices in 
Tennessee, he was, in 1823, elected 
to Congress, and continued a mem- 
ber of that body until, in 1821, he 
became Governor of the State of 
Tennessee, In 1 829, before the ex- 
piration of his gubernatorial term, 
he resigned his office, and went to 
take up his abode among the Che- 
rokees in Arkansas. During his 
residence among the Indians, he 
became acquainted with the frauds 
practiced upon them by the govern- 
ment agents, and undertook a mis- 
sion to "Washington for the purpose 
of exposing them. In the execu- 
tion of this project, he met with 
but little success ; he became in- 
volved in lawsuits, and returned to 
his Indian friends. During a visit 
to Texas, he was requested to allow 
his name to be used in the canvass, 
for a Convention which was to 
meet to form a Constitution for 
Texas, prior to its admission into 
the Mexican union. He consented, 
and was unanimously elected. The 
Constitution drawn up by the Con- 
vention was rejected by Santa 
Anna, at that time in power, and 
the disaffection of the Texan s 
caused thereby was still further 
heightened by a demand upon them 
to give up their arms. They de- 
termined upon a resistance ; a mi- 
litia was organized, and Austin, the 
founder of the colony, was elected 
commander-in-chief, in which office 
he was shortly after succeeded by 



General Houston. He conducted 
the war with vigor, and finally 
brought it to a successful ter- 
mination by the battle of San Ja- 
cinto, which was fought in April, 
1836. In May, 183G, he signed a 
treaty, acknowledging the indepen- 
dence of Texas, and in October of 
the same year he was inaugurated 
the first President of the Republic. 
At the end of his term of office, as 
the same person could not constitu- 
tionally be elected President twice 
in succession, he became a member 
of the Texas Congress. In 1841, 
however, he was again elevated to 
the Presidential chair. During the 
whole time that he held that office 
it was his favorite policy to effect 
the annexation of Texas to the 
United States, but he retired from 
office before he saw the consumma- 
tion of his wishes. In 1844 Texas 
became one of the States of the 
Union, and General Houston was 
elected to the Senate, of which 
body he is still a member, serving 
on the Committee on Indian Affairs. 

HOWARD, BENJAMIN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 180*7 to 
1810, when he was appointed Go- 
vernor of Indiana Territory. He 
was appointed Brigadier-General in 
the United States army in 1813; 
and was once Governor of Missouri 
Territory. He died at St. Louis, 
Missouri, September 18, 1814. 

HOWARD, BENJAMIN C. 
He was born in Maryland ; gra- 
duated at Princeton College in 



250 



Biographical Sketches. 



1809 ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Maryland, from 
1829 to 1833, and again from 1835 
to 1839. 

HOWARD, JACOB M. 

He was one of tTie earliest emi-' 
grants to the State of Michigan, 
where he devoted himself to the 
practice of law, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1841 to 1843. He is 
at the present time Attorney- G-ene- 
ral for the State of Michigan. 

HOWARD, JOHN EAGER. 

He was born June 4, 1752, in Bal- 
timore County, Maryland; and gra- 
duated at Princeton College. He 
entered the army in 17*76, as a cap- 
tain in the regiment of Colonel J. 
C. Hall ; in the following year he 
was promoted, till finally he suc- 
ceeded to the command of the Se- 
cond Maryland Regiment. He was 
an efficient coadjutor of Greene 
during the campaign in the South, 
distinguishing himself at the battle 
of Cowpens, when, says Lee, "he 
seized the critical moment, and 
turned the fortune of the day;" also 
at Guilford, and the Eutaws. He 
was in the engagement of White 
Plains, Germautown, Monmouth, 
Camden, and Hobkirk's Hill. Hav- 
ing been trained to the infantry 
service, he was remarkably apt at 
charging into close battle with fixed 
bayonet ; at Cowpens this mode of 
fighting was resorted to for the first 
time in the war, and in this battle 
he had in his hands at one time 



the swords of seven officers, who 
had surrendered to him personally. 
On this occasion he saved the life 
of the British General 0'Hara,whom 
he found clinging to his stirrup and 
asking quarter. When the army 
was disbanded he retired to his pa- 
trimonial estate near Baltimore. 
In 1*788 he was chosen Governor of 
Maryland, and held the office three 
years. He was a Senator of the 
United States, from Maryland, from 
1798 to 1803. He died October 
12, 1827. 

HOWARD, TILGHMAN A. 

Born near Pickensville, South 
Carolina, November 14, 1797. He 
received a limited education, and 
commenced active life as a clerk in 
a store, and as a schoolmaster ; re- 
moved to Tennessee, and devoted 
himself to the law ; when twenty- 
seven years of age was elected a 
member of the Tennessee Legisla- 
ture ; was a Jackson Elector in 
1830 ; during that year removed to 
Lidiana, and was appointed, by Pre- 
sident Jackson, District Attorney 
for that State ; and was appointed 
Charge d'Afi'aires to Texas in 1844, 
in which Republic he died August 
16, 1844. His term of service as a 
Representative in Congress from 
Indiana, was from 1839 to 1841. 

HOWARD, VOLNEY E. 

He was born in Maine, and hav- 
ing emigrated to Texas, was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1849 to 1853. 



Biographical Sketches. 



251 



HOWARD, WILLIAM A. 

He was born in Vermont, and 
having taken up his residence in 
Michigan, was elected a Represen- 
tative from that State to the Thirty- 
fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, 
and is a member of the Committee 
of Ways and Means. 

HOWE, JOHN W. 

He was born in 'New Hampshire, 
and having settled in Pennsylvania, 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from 1849 to 1853. 

HOWE, THOMAS M. 

He was born in Vermont, and 
having settled in Pennsylvania, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1851 to 1855. 

HOWE, THOMAS Y., Jr. 

He was a native of New York, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1853. 

HOWELL, EDWARD. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly in 1832, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1833 to 1835 

HOWELL, ELIAS. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
having taken up his residence in 
Ohio, was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from 1835 to 1837. 

HOWELL, JEREMIAH B. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Rhode Island, from 1811 to 
1817. 



HOWELL, NATHANIEL W. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1813 
to 1815, and died at Canandaigua, 
New York, October 10, 1851, aged 
eighty-one years. 

HOWLAND, BENJAMIN. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Rhode Island, from 1804 to 
1809, and died in May, 1821. 

HUBBARD, DAVID. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Alabama, from 1839 to 1841, 
and for a second term from 1849 to 
1851. 

HUBBARD, EDMUND W. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1841 

HUBBARD, HENRY. 

He was born in Charlestown, 
New Hampshire, May 3, 1184; 
graduated at Dartmouth College in 
1803 ; studied law, and commenced 
practice in Charlestown. He came 
early into public life. He was fre- 
quently a member of the State 
Legislature, and for some years 
Speaker of the House. He was 
Judge of Probate for Sullivan 
County, from 1827 to 1829; a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1829 
to 1835 ; and a Senator in Con- 
gress, from 1835 to 1841. He was 
also Governor of New Hampshire, 
in 1842 and 1843; and from 1846 
to 1849 United States Assistant 



252 



Biographical Sketches. 



Treasurer, in Boston. Por a part 
of the time, during the Twenty- 
eighth Congress, he was chosen 
Speaker of the House of Repre- 
sentatives. He died at Charles- 
town, New Hampshire, June 5, 
185^ 

HUBBARD, JONATHAN H. 

Born in 1168. He was one of 
the oldest and most esteemed citi- 
zens of Vermont, and was distin- 
guished as a jurist ; he was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1809 to 1811, and for many years 
was one of the Judges of the Su- 
preme Court of Vermont. His 
death occurred, where most of his 
life was spent, at Windsor, Yer- 
mont, September 20, 1849. 

HUBBARD, LEVI. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1813 to 1815. 

HUBBARD, SAMUEL DICKINSON. 

Born at Middletown, Connecti- 
cut, August 10, 1199, and died at 
the same place, October 8, 1855. 
Graduated at Yale College in 1819, 
studied law, but did not practice, 
devoting himself chiefly to the ma- 
nufacturing business. He served 
as a Representative through the 
Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Con- 
gresses. In 1852 he was appointed 
Postmaster- General, and held the 
office until the close of President 
Fillmore's administration, after 
which he retired to private life. 
He was zealous in the cause of 



education, and assisted in the esta- 
blishment of the City High School 
at Middletown. 

HUBBARD, THOMAS H. 

He was a native of New Haven, 
Connecticut, and a graduate of Yale 
College in 1198. He studied law, 
and settled at Hamilton, Madison 
County, New York, and was there 
Surrogate for ten years. In 1823 
he removed to Utica, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1811 to 1819, and 
from 1821 to 1823. He was chosen 
Presidential Elector in 1812, 1844, 
and 1852. He died in Utica, May 
22, 1851, aged seventy-six years. 

HUBBELL, WILLIAM S. 

He was born in New York ; was 
a member of the Assembly of that 
State in 1841, and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from the same, 
from 1843 to 1845. 

HUBLEY, EDWARD B. 

From 1835 to 1839 a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, and died February 23, 1856, 
in Philadelphia. 

HUDSON, CHARLES. 

Born in Marlborough, Massachu- 
setts, November 14, 1195. He 
spent his youth as a student in a 
village school, and also as a teacher, 
and at the age of twenty-one was a 
day laborer on a farm. In 1819 he 
was licensed as a preacher of the 
Universalist persuasion, and con- 
tinued in charge of a parish until 



Biographical Sketches. 



253 



elected to Congress, in 1841, where 
he remained until 1849. He was 
subsequently appointed to a local 
office in Massachusetts, by the Fe- 
deral Government. 

HUFTY, JACOB. 

lie was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from IS'ew Jersey, from 1809 
to 1814. 

HUGER, BENJAMIN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1*799 to 1805, and for a second 
term, from 1815 to 1817. 

HUGER, DANIEL. 

He was a member of the Conti- 
nental Congress, and a Representa- 
tive in the Congress of the United 
States, from South Carolina, from 
1789 to 1T93. 

HUGER, DANIEL ELLIOT. 

Was a citizen of Charleston, South 
Carolina ; graduated at Princeton 
College in 1789; and for nearly 
half a century was identified with 
the public service of his State, as a 
member of the Legislature, State 
Senate, and Judge of her courts ; 
and was a Senator in Congress, 
from 1843 to 1846. He died in 
Charleston, in August, 1854. 

HUGHES, CHARLES. 

He was born in Georgia, and 
having settled in New York, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1853 
to 1855. 



HUGHES, JAMES. 

He was born at Hampstead, 
Maryland, November 24, 1823, and 
was educated at the State Univer- 
sity of Indiana. He began the 
practice of law at Bloomington, 
Indiana, in 1842; was appointed 
first lieutenant of the 16th Regi- 
ment of United States infantry, 
one of the ten regiments in the 
Mexican war, and served till the 
close of the war, and then returned 
to the practice of law in Blooming- 
ton. He was elected Circuit Judge, 
in 1852, for six years; in 1853 was 
elected Professor of Law in the 
University of Indiana, and served 
three years. He was elected a Re- 
presentative, from Indiana, in the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Ter- 
ritories. 

HUGHES, JAMES M. 

He was a native of Kentucky, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from Missouri, from 1843 to 1845. 

HUGHES, THOMAS H. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1829 
to 1833. 

HUGHSTON, JONAS A. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative from that 
State to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress. 

HUGUENIN, DANIEL. 

He was distinguished as an officer 
in the war of 1812, and participa- 



254 



Biographical Sketches. 



ted in tlie stirring events on the 
Niagara frontier, and the battle of 
Queenstown, with General Scott, 
where he was taken prisoner. He 
was a member of Congress, from 
New York, from 1825 to 1821, and 
a member of the New York Legis- 
lature, and at a later period United 
States Marshal for the Territory of 
Wisconsin, under an appointment 
from President Harrison. He died 
at Kenosha, Wisconsin, June, 1850, 
aged fifty-nine. 

HUMPHREY, CHARLES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1825 
to 1827, and subsequently served 
four years in the Assembly of that 
State — one year as Speaker. He 
died at Albany, July 18, 1850, 
aged fifty-nine years. 

HUMPHREY, REUBEN. 

He was for four years a Senator 
in the Legislature of New York, 
from Onondaga County, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 180T to 1809. 

HUMPHREYS, JACOB. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1819 
to 1821. 

HUMPHREYS, PERRY W. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1813 
to 1815. 

HUNGERFORD, JOHN P. 

He was an officer in the revolu- 
tionary war, and a member of Con- 



gress, from Virginia, from 1813 to 
1811. He died at Twiford, in 
Westmoreland County, December 
21, 1833, aged seventy-four years. 

HUNGERFORD, ORVILLE. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1843 to 1847. 

HUNT, HIRAM P. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1835 to 183T, 
and again from 1839 to 1843. 

HUNT, JAMES B. 

He was a native of New York, 
and for many years law-partner 
with Michael Hoffman. He re- 
moved to Michigan about the time 
of its admission into the Union, and 
was soon called to responsible pub- 
lic trusts. He was a member of 
Congress, from Michigan, from 1843 
to 1847. He died in Washington, 
August 15, 1857, aged fifty-eight 
years. 

HUNT, .JONATHAN. 

He represented the State of Ver- 
mont in Congress, from 1827 to 
1832, serving on the Committee on 
Public Lands, and died at Wash- 
ington, May 14, of the latter year. 
He was a graduate of Dartmouth 
College in 1807. 

HUNT, SAMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1802 to 1805. 



Biographical Sketches. 



255 



HUNT, T G. 

He was a Representative in the 
Thirty-third Congress, from South 
Carolina, of which State he was a 
native. 

HUNT, WASHINGTON. 

Born at Windham, Green Coun- 
ty, New York, August 5, 1811. 
At the age of eighteen he entered 
upon the study of law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar at Loekport in 
1834. In 1836 he was appointed 
first Judge of Niagara County, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1843 to 1849, serving during 
his last term as Chairman of the 
Committee on Commerce. In 1849 
he was elected Comptroller of New 
York, and, in 1850, Governor of 
the State. Since that time he has 
lived in retirement upon a hand- 
some farm near Loekport, dividing 
his attention between his friends, 
his books, and the pursuits of hor- 
ticulture. 

HUNTER, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1793 to 1795, and a Senator in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1795 
to 1796. 

HUNTER, NARSWORTHY. 

He was a Delegate in Congress, 
from the Territory of Mississippi, 
from 1801 to 1802. 

HUNTER, R. M. T. 

He was born in Essex County, 
Virginia ; was educated at the Uni- 



versity of Yirginia ; adopted the pro- 
fession of law ; served three years in 
the State Legislature ; and was first 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from his native State, in 1837, 
when he served two terms, and was 
re-elected in 1845, ofBciating dur- 
ing the Twenty-sixth Congress as 
Speaker. In 1847 he was elected 
a Senator in Congress for a long 
term, and re-elected for the term 
ending in 1859. At the present 
time he is Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Finance, and a member 
of the Committees on the Library 
and on the Pacific Railroad. 

HUNTER, WILLIAM, 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Vermont, from 1817 to 
1819. 

HUNTER, WILLIAM. 

Born at Newport, Rhode Island, 
November 23, 1775; graduated at 
Brown University in 1791 ; went to 
London, and studied medicine, but 
soon changed to the law, and entered 
at the Inner Temple in London; and 
on his return to Newport, at the 
age of twenty-one, was admitted to 
the bar. In 1799 he was a Repre- 
sentative in the General Assembly 
of Rhode Island, and re-elected at 
different periods from that time to 
the year 1811, when he was chosen 
a Senator in Congress, and held his 
seat till 1821. His speeches, espe- 
cially those on the acquisition of Flo- 
rida, and the Missouri Compromise, 
won him a high reputation as a sa- 
gacious statesman and finished ora- 
tor. In 1834 he was Charge to 



256 



Biographical Sketches. 



Brazil, an office which was, in 
1842, raised to a full mission, and 
he was continued as Minister till 
1845, when he retired from public 
life, and resided at ISTewport until 
his death, which occurred December 
3, 1849. 

HUNTER, WILLIAM F. 

He was born in Alexandria, Vir- 
ginia, December 10, 1808; had few 
educational advantages ; practiced 
the trade of a cabinet-maker until 
1840; and having studied law, re- 
moved to Ohio, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1849 to 1853 ; since 
which time he has devoted himself 
to his profession. 

HUNTER, WILLIAM G. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Bepresentative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1844. 

HUNTER, WILLIAM H. 

He was a Bepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 183T to 
1839. 

HUNTINGTON, ABEL. 

He was born in Norwich, Con- 
necticut, but at an early age re- 
moved to East Hampton, Long 
Island, and for sixty years was a 
practicing physician. He was a 
Bepresentative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1833 to 1837. He 
was Collector of Sag Harbor, under 
President Polk ; and member of 
the New York Constitutional Con- 
vention of 1846. He died at 



East Hampton, May 18, 1858, aged 
eighty-two years. 

HUNTINGTON, BENJAMIN. 

Was a native of Norwich, Con- 
necticut; graduated at Yale College 
in 1Y61, and practiced law in his 
native town. He was a Judge of 
the Superior Court of the State, 
from 1193 to 1798, and was a mem- 
ber of the Continental Congress, 
from 1780 to 1784, also from 1787 
to 1788; and a Bepresentative in 
Congress, under the Constitution, 
froml789tol791. He was Mayor of 
Norwich for twelve years, and he 
died in 1800. 

HUNTINGTON, EBENEZER. 

He was born in Norwich, Con- 
necticut, and died there in May, 
1834, aged ninety-seven years. He 
graduated at Yale College in 1775 ; 
joined the army the same year as a 
volunteer ; was soon commissioned 
as a lieutenant ; in 1776 he was ap- 
pointed a captain, and also deputy 
adjutant-general ; in 1777 a major ; 
in 1779 a lieutenant-colonel; and 
he was present at the surrender of 
Cornwallis, at Yorktown. He was 
twice elected to Congress, from 
Connecticut, serving from 1810 to 
1811, and again from 1817 to 1819. 
In 1799 he was, at the recommen- 
dation of Washington, appointed 
a brigadier-general in the army 
raised by Congress, when expecta- 
tions were entertained of a war 
with France. 



Biographical Sketches. 



257 



HUNTINGTON, JABEZ W. 

Born in I^orwich, Connecticut, 
November 8, 1188, and graduated 
at Yale College in 1806. He 
studied law at Litchfield, and com- 
menced to practice there, where he 
remained thirty years. In 1828 he 
was elected to the State Legisla- 
ture, and in 1829 was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, which office he 
filled until 1834, when he removed 
to Norwich, and became a Judge 
of the Supreme Court of Errors, 
and was chosen a Judge of the Su- 
perior Court of his State. He was 
a Senator in Congress, from 1840 
until his death, which occurred at 
Norwich, November 1, 1841. 

HUNTSMAN, ADAM. 

He was a native of Yirginia, and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Tennessee, from 1835 to 1831. 

HUYLER, JOHN. 

He was born in New York, and 
having become a citizen of New 
Jersey, was elected a Representa- 
tive to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
from that State, and is a member of 
the Committee on Agriculture. 

HYNEMAN, .JOHN M. 

He was a Representative, in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1811 
to 1813. 

IHRIE, PETER. 

He was a native of Pennsylva- 
nia, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1829 to 1833. 
11 



IMLAY, JAMES H. 

He graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1186 ; was for a time tutor 
in that institution ; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
Jersey, from 1191 to 1801. 

INGE, SAMUEL W. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
and on removing to Alabama, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1841 
to 1851. 

INGE, WILLIAM M. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 1835. 

INGERSOLL, CHARLES J. 

Born in Philadelphia, October 3, 
1182 ; received a liberal education ; 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1813 to 
1815, when he was appointed Uni- 
ted States District Attorney for 
Pennsylvania. He was afterwards 
re-elected a Representative in 
Congress, from 1841 to 1841, serv- 
ing as Chairman of the Committee 
on Foreign Affairs. He has pub- 
lished a " History of the Second 
American War with Great Bri- 
tain," and several other works of 
minor importance. 

INGERSOLL, COLIN M. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
was a Representative, in Congress, 
from that State, from 1851 to 
1855. 



258 



Biographical Sketches. 



INGERSOLL, JOSEPH R. 

Born in Philadelphia, graduated 
at Yale College in 1804 ; is a law- 
yer by profession, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1835 to 183t, and 
from 1842 to 1849, and for a time 
Chairman of the Judiciary Com- 
mittee. He was appointed, by Pre- 
sident Fillmore, Minister to Eng- 
land. 

INGERSOLL, RALPH L 

He was born in Connecticut; 
graduated at Yale College in 1808 ; 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1825 to 1833, 
and was appointed, by President 
Polk, Minister Plenipotentiary to 
Russia. 

INGHAM, SAMUEL. 

He was born in Hebron, Connec- 
ticut, September 5, 1Y93; received 
a good English education in Yer- 
mont, and studied law in Connecti- 
cut, having been admitted to the bar 
in 1815 ; and in 1811 he settled at 
Saybrook, which has since been his 
home. From 1821 to 1835 he was 
States Attorney for the County of 
Middlesex, and again in 1843 and 
1844 ; he was a Judge of Probate 
from 1829 to 1833; Judge of the 
Middlesex County Court from 1849 
to 1853 ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Connecticut, 
from 1835 to 1839, having officiated 
as Chairman of the Committee on 
Naval Affairs, and as a member of 
the Committee on Commerce. He 
also served a number of years in 



the Senate and House of Represen- 
tatives of Connecticut, three years 
as Speaker, and was one year Clerk of 
the House ; he was appointed in 
1831, by the State, an agent to pro- 
secute certain claims against the 
United States, and was successful ; 
and in 1851 he was appointed, by 
President Buchanan, Commissioner 
of Customs, which office he now 
holds. In 1854 he was a candidate 
for the office of United States 
Senator, and received the entire 
vote of his party in the Legislature, 
but Senator Foster was elected. 

INGHAM, SAMUEL D. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1813 to 1818, and from 
1822 to 1829, when he was ap- 
pointed, by President J. Q. Adams, 
Secretary of the Treasury. 

IREDELL, JAMES. 

Born in Chowan County, North 
Carolina, in 1188. He was for 
several years in the Legislature of 
that State, part of the time Speaker 
of the House ; in 1812 commanded 
a company of volunteers, who went 
to Norfolk, to repel the British ; 
in 1819 he was appointed Judge of 
the Superior Court ; in 1821 was 
elected Governor of North Caro- 
lina ; and was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from 1828 to 1831. Toward 
the close of his life he was Re- 
porter of the Decisions of the Su- 
preme Court, and died at Edenton, 
April 13, 1853. 



Biographical Sketches. 



259 



IRYIN, ALEXANDER. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1847 to 
1849. 

IRVIN, JAMES. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1841 to 
1845. 

IRVINE, WILLIAM. 

Born in Ireland ; educated for the 
medical profession ; served as sur- 
geon on board of a British ship, in 
the war which began in 1154, and 
after the peace of 1763 settled at 
Carlisle, Pennsylvania, In 1774 he 
was a member of the State Conven- 
tion ; in 1776 he served in Canada, 
and accompanied Colonel Thompson 
from Sorelle, to dislodge the enemy 
from Trois Rivieres ; but was taken 
prisoner, June 16, and remained as 
such at Quebec until exchanged in 
1778. On his release he was pro- 
moted to the command of the Second 
Pennsylvania Regiment, and in 1781 
the defence of the Northwestern 
frontier was intrusted to him, and 
he attained the rank of major-ge- 
neral. He was a Representative in 
Congress, after the war, from 1793 
to 1795. He was a Commissioner 
during the Whisky Insurrection of 
1794, and removed shortly after to 
Philadelphia, and was appointed 
Superintendent of Military Stores. 
He died July 30, 1804, aged sixty- 
three years. 



IRVINE, WILLIAM W. 

He was a member of the State 
Legislature of Ohio, and Judge of 
the Supreme Court of the State, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from Ohio, from 1829 to 1833. In 
1843 he was appointed Charge 
d'Affaires to Denmark. He died 
at Lancaster, Ohio, April, 1842. 

IRVING, WILLIAM. 

He was a merchant of New York 
City, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1814 to 1819, and a 
member of the Committee of Com- 
merce and Manufactures. He was 
a brother of Washington Irving, 
for whose "Salmagundi" he wrote 
several papers. 

IRWIN, JARED. 

He was a member of the Con- 
vention which adopted the Consti- 
tution of 1789 ; was Governor of 
Georgia, from 1796 to 1798, and 
also from 1806 to 1809. He re- 
moved to Pennsylvania, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1813 to 1817, and 
died March 1, 1818, aged sixty- 
eight years. 

IRWIN, THOMAS. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1829 to 1831, and was 
in the latter year appointed, by 
President Jackson, United States 
Judge of the Western District of 
Pennsylvania. 



260 



Biographical Sketches. 



IRWIN, WILLIAM W. 

He was a member of Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1841 to 
1843; and from 1843 to 184Y he 
was Charge d'Affaires of the United 
States to Denmark. He died in 
Pittsburg, September 15, 1856. 

ISAACS, JACOB C. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1823 to 1833. 

ISLEY, DANIEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
180t to 1809. 

IVERSON, ALFRED. 

Born in Burke County, Georgia, 
December 3, 1198; graduated at 
Princeton College in 1820; a law- 
yer by profession, served three years 
as a member of the House of Re- 
presentatives, and one year as Se- 
nator in the Legislature of Georgia. 
Twice elected Judge of the Supe- 
rior Court of that State for terms of 
three and four years ; was one of the 
Electors at Large in the Presiden- 
tial election of 1844 ; elected a Re- 
presentative to the Thirtieth Con- 
gress, and served two years. In 
1854 he was elected to the United 
States Senate for six years, from 
March 4, 1855 ; and for a long time 
has acted as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Claims, and as a member 
of the Committees on Military Af- 
fairs and the Pacific Railroad. 



IVES, WILLARD. 

He was born in Watertown, New 
York, July 1, 1806; received a 
good English education ; is a farmer 
by occupation ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from ISTew 
York, from 1851 to 1853. In 1846 
he wa^ elected by the Methodist 
Episcopal Church, a Delegate to 
the Christian World's Convention, 
which was held in London. 

IZARD, RALPH. 

A Senator of the United States, 
from South Carolina, from 1189 to 
1195, and a distinguished and elo- 
quent statesman. In the judgment 
of Washington no man was more 
honest in public life. He died at 
South Bay, May 30, 1804, aged 
sixty-six years. 

JACK, V/ILLIAM. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1841 to 
1843. 

JACKSON, ANDREW. 

Born at the Waxsaw Settlement, 
North Carolina, March 15, 1161. 
When fourteen years of age he left 
the academy where he had been 
placed, and entered the revolu- 
tionary army, and at the age of 
twenty-one established himself as a 
lawyer in Western North Carolina. 
When that part of the country be- 
came a Territory in 1190, President 
Washington appointed him Attor- 



Biographical Sketches. 



261 



ney of the United States for the 
new district. When said Territory- 
was formed into the State of Ten- 
nessee, he was a member of the 
Convention which drew up the new 
Constitution, and he was immedi- 
ately chosen a Representative in 
Congress, serving one term, when 
he was transferred to the United 
States Senate, where he continued 
until 1798. His next public posi- 
tion was that of Judge of the Su- 
preme Court; and having been 
chosen major-general of one of the 
divisions of the Tennessee militia, 
he retained the office until 1814, 
when he~went into the regular army 
with the same rank. He was as- 
signed to the command of the army 
at New Orleans, and January 8, 
1815, obtained his famous victory 
over the British. In 1817-18 he 
conducted the Seminole war in 
Florida, and soon after retired from 
the array. In 1823 he was again 
elected a Senator in Congress, and 
remained there two years. He was 
elected President in 1828, and re- 
elected in 1832. The events which 
marked his administration were the 
difficulties with France, the suppres- 
sion of the nullification movement 
in South Carolina, the Indian war 
in Florida, and the removal of the 
deposits from the United States 
Bank. He retired to private life in 
1836, and in the peaceful shades of 
the Hermitage, in Tennessee, he 
died, June 8, 1845. That he was 
a remarkable man is the undisputed 
verdict of his countrymen through- 
out the Union. 



JACKSON, DAVID S. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1847 to 1848. 

JACKSON, EDWARD B. 

He was born in Harrison County, 
Virginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1820 to 1823. 

JACKSON, JABEZ. 

He was born in Georgia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1836 to 1839. 

JACKSON, JAMES. 

Born in England, and came to 
this country in 1772. Early in the 
American Revolution he joined the 
army; in 1778 was made brigade- 
major; and in 1781 commanded 
the legionary corps of the State of 
Georgia. When the British evacu- 
ated Savannah, July 12, 1782, he 
received the keys. For his various 
services the Assembly of the State 
presented him with a house and lot 
in Savannah. On the return of 
peace he engaged with success in 
the practice of law. He was chosen 
a Representative in Congress in 
1789, and soon after a Senator, 
which office he resigned in 1795. 
He was Major-Generalof the Geor- 
gia Militia ; and Governor of the 
State from 1798 till his election as 
Senator in 1801. He died 1806, 
aged forty-eight. 



262 



Biographical Sketches. 



JACKSON, JAMES. 

He was born in Jefferson County, 
Georgia, in 1819; graduated at the 
University of Georgia in 1837 ; and 
having studied law, commenced the 
practice in 1840. In 184-2 he was 
elected Secretary of the Senate of 
Georgia, holding the office one year ; 
in 1845 he was elected to the State 
Legislature, and re-elected to the 
same position in 1847 ; in 1849 he 
was chosen by the Legislature Judge 
of the Western Circuit of his State, 
and was elected to the same office 
by the people in 1853, and again in 
1857. In June of that year he was 
nominated for Congress, resigned 
his judgeship, and in October fol- 
lowing was elected a Representa- 
tive to the Thirty-fifth Congress. 
He is a member of the Commit- 
tees on Claims and Revolutionary 
Claims. 

JACKSON, JOHN G. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 1795 to 
1797, from 1799 to 1810, and again 
from 1813 to 1817. 

JACKSON, JOSEPH W. 
He was frequently a member of 
the City Council of Savannah, at 
one time mayor of the city ; served 
a number of years in the State Le- 
gislature; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Georgia, 
from 1850 to 1853. Died at Savan- 
nah, December 28, 1854. 

JACKSON, RICHARD S. 
Born in 1764, and died at Pro- 
vidence, April 18, 1838. He was 



a member of Congress, from Rhode 
Island, from 1808 to 1815. In 
early life he was engaged in mer- 
cantile business, and was among 
the first, in this country, who em- 
barked in the manufacture of cot- 
ton. He filled several important 
public offices, and was distinguished 
for his benevolence. 

JACKSON, THOMAS B. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1837 to 1841, 
and was also, for three years, a mem- 
ber of the Assembly of New York. 

JACKSON, WILLIAM. 
He was one of the pioneers of 
railroad enterprise in Massachu- 
setts, and from 1834 to 1837 was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State. He died at Newton, 
Massachusetts, February 27, 1855. 

JACKSON, W. T. 

Born in Chester, Orange County, 
New York, December 29, 1794, re- 
ceived a common school education ; 
and has been chiefly employed in 
mercantile business. He was jus- 
tice of the peace several years in 
Havana, New York, and held the 
office of county judge four years. 
In 1848 he was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, and served 
one term. 

JACOBS, ISRAEL. 
He was born in Germany, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1791 to 
1793. 



Biographical Sketches. 



263 



JAMES, CHARLES T. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Rhode Island, from 1851 to 
1851. 

JAMES, FRANCIS. 

He was a native of Pennsylva- 
nia, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1839 
to 1843. 

JAMESON, JOHN. 

He was born in Kentuclvy, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Missouri, from 1830 to 1831, 
and again from 1843 to 1845, and 
for another term from 1847 to 1849. 

JAMES, HENRY F. 

He was born at Brimfield, Hamp- 
den County, Massachusetts, in Oc- 
tober, 1192; studied law in Mont- 
pelier, Vermont, and was admitted 
to the bar in Washington County 
in 181 1, and commenced to practice 
at Waterbury in that year. From 
-1820 to 1830, he was Postmaster 
at Waterbury ; he was a member of 
the Legislative Council, from 1830 
to 1834, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Yermont, from 
1885 to 1837. He was State Trea- 
surer from 1838 to 1841; a mem- 
ber of the Council of Censors in 
1848 ; and a member of the Legis- 
lature, from Waterbury, in 1855, 
since which time he has practiced 
his profession. 

JARNAGIN, SPENCER. 

Born in Granger County, Ten- 
nessee ; graduated at Greenville 



College in 1813; studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1817 ; 
and was United States Senator 
from Tennessee, from 1843 to 1847. 
He died in Memphis, Tennessee, 
June 24, 1851. 

JARVIS, LEONARD. 

He was born in 1782 ; graduated 
at Harvard University in 1800 ; 
and died in Surry, Maine, Septem- 
ber 18, 1854. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Maine, 
from 1831 to 1837 ; and served as 
Chairman of the Committee on 
Naval Affairs. 

JEFFERSON, THOMAS. 

He was born at Shadwell, Virgi- 
nia, in 1743. His education was 
principally conducted by private 
tutors, although he passed two 
years at the College of William 
and Mary. He adopted the law as 
his profession ; was a member of 
the Legislature of Virginia, from 
1769 to the commencement of the 
American Revolution. In 1775 
he was a Delegate in Congress ; 
and on May 15, 1776, the Conven- 
tion of Virginia instructed their 
Delegates to propose a declaration 
of independence. In June, Mr. 
Lee accordingly made the motion, 
and it was voted that a committee 
be appointed to prepare one. The 
committee was elected by ballot, 
and consisted of Thomas Jefferson, 
John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, 
Roger Sherman, and Robert R. 
Livingston. The Declaration was 
exclusively the work of Jefferson, 



264 



Biographical Sketches. 



to whom the right of drafting it 
belonged, as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee, though alterations and 
amendments were made in it by 
Adams, Franklin, and other mem- 
bers of the Committee, and after- 
wards by Congress. Jefferson re- 
tired from Congress, September, 
111Q, and took a seat in the Legis- 
lature of his State in October. In 
1^*19 he was chosen Governor, and 
held the ofBce two years; he de- 
clined a foreign appointment in 
1776, and again in 1781. He ac- 
cepted the appointment of one of 
the Commissioners for negotiating 
peace, but before he sailed, news 
was received of the signing of the 
provisional treaty, and he was ex- 
cused from proceeding on the mis- 
sion. He returned to Congress. 
In 1784 he wrote notes on the es- 
tablishment of a money-unit, and of 
a coinage for the United States ; in 
May of that year he was appointed, 
with Adams and Franklin, a Min- 
ister ■ Plenipotentiary to negotiate 
treaties of commerce with foreign 
nations. In 1785 he was Minister 
to the French Court. In 1789 he 
returned to America and received 
from Washington the appointment 
of Secretary of State, which he held 
till December, 1793, and then re- 
signed. In September, 1794, when 
an appointment was offered him by 
Washington, he replied, " No cir- 
cumstances will ever more tempt 
me to engage in anything public." 
Notwithstanding this determina- 
tion, he suffered himself to be a 
candidate for President, and was 



chosen "Vice-President, in 1796. 
At the election in 1801, he and 
Aaron Burr having an equal num- 
ber of electoral votes, the House 
of Representatives, after a severe 
struggle, finally determined in his 
favor. He was re-elected in 1805. 
At the end of his second term, he 
retired from office. He died July 
4, 1826, at one o'clock in the after- 
noon, just fifty years from the date 
of the Declaration of Independ- 
ence. Preparations had been made 
throughout the United States to 
celebrate this day, as a jubilee ; and 
it is a most remarkable fact, that 
on the same day, John Adams, a 
signer with Jefferson of the Decla- 
ration, and the second on the Com- 
mittee for drafting it, and his im- 
mediate predecessor in the office of 
President, also died. Jefferson's 
publications were : Summary View 
of the Bights of British America, 
1774 ; Declaration of Independ- 
ence, 1776; Notes on Virginia, 
1781 ; Manual of Parliamentary 
Practice, for the Use of the Se- 
nate ; Life of Captain Lewis, 1814; 
and some papers of a philosophical 
character. His works, chiefly let- 
ters, were first published by his 
grandson, Thomas Jefferson Ban- 
dolph, four volumes, 8vo., 1829. 

JENIFER, DANIEL. 

Was frequently a member of the 
State Legislature of Maryland, 
and represented that State in Con- 
gress, from 1831 to 1833, and from 
1835 to 1841. During the admin- 
istrations of Presidents Harrison 



Biographical Sketches. 



265 



and Tyler, he was the United States 
Minister to Austria. He died De- 
cember 18, 1855, near Port Tobac- 
co, Maryland. 

JENKINS, SAMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1823 
to 1825. 

JENKINS, ROBERT. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 180T 
to 1811. 

JENKINS, TIMOTHY. 

Born in Barre,Worcester County, 
Massachusetts, January 29, 1199 ; 
received an academic education ; 
studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1824, practicing his pro- 
fession in Oneida County, New 
York ; he was District Attorney 
for that county six years, and re- 
signed the office on being elected a 
Representative in the Twenty-ninth 
Congress, and was re-elected to the 
Thirtieth and Thirty-second. 

JENKS, MICHAEL H. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1843 to 
1845. 

JENNESS, BENNING W. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from New Hampshire, during the 
years 1845 and 1846. 

JENNINGS, DAVID. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1825 to 1826. 



JENNINGS, JONATHAN. 

He was the first Governor of In- 
diana, and twice elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1809 to 1816, and from 
1822 to 1831. In 1818 he was ap- 
pointed, by President Monroe, In- 
dian Commissioner. He died near 
Charlestown, Clarke County, Indi- 
ana, July 26, 1834. 

JEWETT, FREEBORN G. 

He was born in New York ; was 
a member of the Assembly of that 
State in 1826; and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from the same, 
from 1831 to 1833. 

JEWETT, JOSHUA IT. 

He was born at Deer Creek, 
Harford County, Maryland, Sep- 
tember 13, 1812, and having adopt- 
ed the profession of law, removed 
to Kentucky, and was elected a Re- 
presentative, from that State, to 
the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth 
Congresses. He is Chairman of 
the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 

JEWETT, LUTHER. 

He was born in Yermont ; gra- 
duated at Dartmouth College in 
1195 ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Yermont, from 1815 
to 1811.^ 

JOHNS, KENSEY. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Delaware, from 1194 to 1795. 



266 



Biographical Sketches. 



JOHNS, KENSEY. 

A son of the foregoing; was born 
in Delaware, December 10, 1191 ; 
graduated at Princeton College in 
1810; studied law, and was admit- 
ted to practice in 1813 ; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Dela- 
ware, from 1821 to 1831; in 1832 
he was appointed Chancellor of the 
State of Delaware, in which capa- 
city he was still servimg at the time 
of his death, which occurred at New 
Castle, March 28, 185Y. 

JOHNSON, ANDREW. 

He was born in Raleigh, North 
Carolina, December 29, 1808 ; when 
ten years of age he was apprenticed 
to a tailor, and worked at that busi- 
ness, in South Carolina, until his 
seventeenth year ; he never attended 
school, but acquired a good com- 
mon education by studying alone. 
Having removed to Greenville, Ten- 
nessee, he was elected Mayor of 
that place in 1830 ; was elected to 
the State Legislature in 1835 ; to 
the State Senate in 1841 ; and he 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1843 to 1853. 
During the latter year he was elected 
Governor of Tennessee, and re- 
elected in 1855. He was elected a 
Senator in Congress in 185*7, for 
the term ending in 1863. He is a 
member of the Committees on Pub- 
lic Lands and on the District of 
Columbia. 

JOHNSON, CAVE. 

He was born in Tennessee ; re- 
ceived a liberal education, and 



adopted the profession of law ; he 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1829 to 1837, 
and again from 1839 to 1845, after 
which he went into the cabinet of 
President Polk as Postmaster-Gen- 
eral. 

JOHNSON, CHARLES. 

Born in Chowan County, North 
Carolina ; was a member of the 
State Legislature for many years, 
and a Representative in Congress 
during the years 1801 and 1802. 

JOHNSON, CHARLES. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1839 to 
1841. ' 

JOHNSON, FRANCIS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1821 to 
182t. 

JOHNSON, HARVEY A. 

He was born in Vermont, and 
having removed to Ohio, was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

JOHNSON, HENRY. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Louisiana, from 1818 to 1824 ; 
from 1824 to 1828 he was Governor 
of that State; from 1835 to 1839 
was a Representative in Congress, 
and was a second time elected to 
the United States Senate, serving 
from 1843 to 1849. 



Biographical Sketches. 



267 



JOHNSON, HERSCHEL V. 

Born in Burke County, Georgia, 
September 18, 1812. He graduated 
at the University of Georgia in 
1834, and adopted the profession of 
law. He was a Presidential Elec- 
tor in 1844; in 1848 was appointed 
to fill a vacancy in the United 
States Senate ; and in 1849 he was 
elected a Judge of the Superior 
Court. 

JOHNSON, JAMES. 
He was born in Yirginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Yirginia, from 1813 to 1820, 
and in the latter year was appointed 
Collector of Norfolk and Ports- 
mouth, Yirginia. 

JOHNSON, JAMES. 
He served as lieutenant-colonel 
under Colonel R. M. Johnson, at 
the battle of the Thames ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Kentucky, during the years 1825 
and 1826. 

JOHNSON, JAMES. 
He was a native of Georgia, and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1851 to 1853. 

JOHNSON, JAMES H. 
He was born in New Hampshire, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1845 to 
1841, serving on the Committee on 
Manufactures. 

JOHNSON, .JAMES L. 
He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1849 to 1851. 



JOHNSON, JEROME. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York City, from 
1825 to 1829, and died in Goshen, 
Orange County, New York, Sep- 
tember 1, 1846. 

JOHNSON, JOHN. 

He was born in the County of 
Tyrone, Ireland, in 1808; received 
a common school education, and 
emigrated to Ohio, in 1824, where 
he is devoted to agricultural pur- 
suits. He has served as a member 
of the Ohio Senate, and in the last 
Constitutional Convention of that 
State, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Ohio, from 1851 to 
1853. 

JOHNSON, JOHN T. 

He was brother of Richard M. 
Johnson ; once Judge of the Court 
of Appeals of Kentucky, and re- 
presented that State in Congress, 
from 1821 to 1825. For thirty 
years he was a preacher of the 
gospel, without a salary. He died 
in Lexington, Missouri, December 
18, 1857. 

JOHNSON, JOSEPH. 

He was born in New York, and 
on removing to Yirginia, was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1823 to 182t, from 1835 to 1841, 
and from 1845 to 184t. 

JOHNSON, NOADIAH. 

He served in the Legislature of 
New York, was a member of Con- 



268 



Biographical Sketches. 



gress, from 1833 to 1835 ; and died 
at Albany, April 4, 1839. 

JOHNSON, PEELEY B. 

He was born in Ohio, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1843 to 1845. 

JOHNSON, REVERDY. 

Born in Annapolis, Maryland, 
May 21, 1796 ; was educated at St. 
John's College, Annapolis ; studied 
law with his father, and having 
been admitted to the bar, has prac- 
ticed his profession without inter- 
mission to the present time ; his 
first appointment was that of State 
Attorney; in 1811 he removed to 
Baltimore, (where he has since re- 
sided,) and in 1820 was appointed 
Chief Commissioner of Insolvent 
Debtors, which office he held until 
1821, when he was elected to the 
State Senate, serving two years; 
in 1845 he was chosen a Senator 
in Congress, where he remained 
until 1849, when he resigned to 
accept the post of Attorney-General 
of the United States, bestowed upon 
him by President Taylor. On his 
leaving the latter position, he turned 
his whole attention to his profes- 
sion, practicing chiefly in the Su- 
preme Court of the United States. 
Mr. Johnson has also taken an ac- 
tive part in the preparation of seven 
volumes of Reports of Decisions in 
the Court of Appeals of Maryland. 

JOHNSON, RICHARD M. 
He was born in Kentucky, in 
1180, and died at Frankfort, ISTo- 
vember 19, 1850. In 1807 he was 



chosen a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, which post 
he held for twelve years. In 1813 
he raised a volunteer regiment of 
cavalry, of one thousand men, to 
fight the British and Indians on 
the Lakes, and during the cam- 
paign that followed, served with 
great credit, under General Harri- 
son, as a colonel of that regiment. 
He greatly distinguished himself at 
the battle of the Thames, and the 
Chief Tecumseh is said to have 
been killed by his hand. In 1814 
he was appointed Indian Commis- 
missioner, by President Madison. 
In 1819 he went from the House 
into the Senate, to fill an unexpired 
term, was re-elected, and served as 
Senator until 1829. He was re- 
elected to the House, and remained 
there until 1837, when he became 
Yice-President, and as such pre- 
sided over the Senate. At the 
time of his death he was a member 
of the Kentucky Legislature, and 
he died from a second attack of 
paralysis. He was a kind-hearted, 
courageous, and talented man. 

JOHNSON, R. W. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
is about forty-five years of age. He 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Arkansas, in 1847, and 
served until 1853, and from that 
period to the present, he has been 
a Senator in Congress. He has 
been, until recently. Chairman of 
the Committee on Printing, and is a 
member of the Committees on Mili- 
tary Affairs and on Public Lands; 



Biographical Sketches. 



269 



JOHNSON, WILLIAM C. 

Born in Frederick County, Mary- 
land, in 1806 ; received an acade- 
mic education; studied law, and 
was admitted to practice in the 
Supreme Court in 1831; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1833 to 1835, and from 1837 to 
1843. He served in the State Le- 
gislature before entering and after 
he left Congress; was a member of 
the last Covention for revising the 
Constitution of Maryland ; and was 
President of the National Conven- 
tion of Young Men, which met in 
Washington to nominate Henry 
Clay for President. When in Con- 
gress, Mr. Johnson officiated, for a 
number of years, as Chairman of 
the Committee on Public Lands, 
and also as a member of the Judici- 
ary Committee. 

JOHNSON, WILLIAM S. 

Born at Stratford, Connecticut, 
October 1, 1727 ; graduated at Yale 
College in 1744 ; studied law, and 
acquired distinction as a pleader 
and orator. In 1765 he was a 
Delegate to the Congress at New 
York, and in 1766 an Agent for 
the Colony to England. In 1772 
he was appointed Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of Connecticut; was 
again a Delegate to the New York 
Congress in 1785, and was a mem- 
ber in 1787 of the Convention 
which framed the Constitution of the 
United States. He was a Senator 
in Congress, from 1789 to 1791, 
and from 1792 to 1800, President 
of Columbia College, in New York ; 



after which he returned to his na- 
tive village, where he died, Novem- 
ber 14, 1819. 

JOHNSTON, CHARLES C. 

A member of Congress, from 
Virginia, from 1831 to 1832, having 
died at Washington, June 18, of 
the latter year. He was Chairman 
of the Committee on Imprisonment 
for Debt. 

JOHNSTON, JOSIAH S. 

He was born in Salisbury, Con- 
necticut, November 25, 1784, but 
was taken by his father, in infancy, 
to Kentucky. He graduated at 
Transylvania University, and stu- 
died law. He removed to Louisi- 
ana in 1805, and commenced his 
professional career at Alexandria, 
on the Red River; and, in 1812, 
was a leading man in the State Le- 
gislature ; he was next appointed 
District Judge, and represented 
Louisiana, in Congress, from 1821 
to 1823 ; and in 1824 he was elected 
to the United States Senate, retain- 
ing that position until his death, 
which occurred May 19, 1833, by 
the explosion of gunpowder on board 
the steamboat Lioness, on Red 
River. 

JOHNSTON, SAMUEL. 

Governor of North Carolina, 
from 1787 to 1789; was President 
of the Convention of that State, 
which ratified the Federal Consti- 
tution, and had been a member of 
Congress previous to 1789, when 
he was appointed Senator, from 
North Carolina, and served till 



270 



Biographical Sketches. 



IT 93; was afterwards a judge of 
the Supreme Court of Law and 
Equity. He was a native of Eden- 
ton, and died at Sherwarkey, Au- 
gust 18, 1816, aged eighty-three. 

JONES, BENJAMIN. 

He was born in Virginia, and, 
having removed to Ohio, was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833. to 183 1. 

JONES, DANIEL T. 

He was born in Connecticut, and, 
having settled in New York, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1851 to 
1855. 

JONES, FRANCIS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1817 to 
1823. 

JONES, GEORGE. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Georgia, during the session of 
1807. 

JONES, GEORGE W. 

Born at Yincennes, Indiana, and 
graduated at Transylvania Univer- 
sity, Kentucky, in 1825. He was 
bred to the law, but ill health pre- 
vented him from practicing. He 
was Clerk of the United States Dis- 
trict Court, in Missouri, in 1826; 
served as an aid-de-camp to General 
Henry Dodge, in the Black Hawk 
war ; was chosen colonel of militia in 
1832 ; subsequently major-general ; 
also a judge ; in 1 835 was elected a 
Delegate to Congress, from the 



Territory of Michigan, and served 
four years; in 1839 was appointed, 
by President Yan Buren, Surveyor- 
General of the Northwest ; was re- 
moved in 1841, for his politics, but 
re-appointed, by President Polk, 
and remained in the office until 
1849 ; in 1848 he was elected a 
United States Senator, from Iowa, 
for six years, and re-elected in 1852, 
and is now Chairman of the Com- 
mittees on Pensions and on Enrolled 
Bills, and a member of the Com- 
mittee on Territories. 

JONES, GEORGE AV. 

Born in King and Queen Coun- 
ty, Yirginia, March 15, 1806. He 
began life by adopting the occupa- 
tion of a saddler ; was a justice of 
the peace for three years; in 1834 
a justice to hold the Quorum Court 
in Lincoln County; in 1835 and 1837 
was elected to the Tennessee Legis- 
lature ; in 1839 to the State Senate ; 
in 1840 and 1842 was elected Clerk 
of the Lincoln County Court, and 
was elected a Representative to 
Congress, in 1843, to which posi- 
tion he has been regularly re-elected 
to the present time, serving during 
the Thirty-fifth Congress as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Roads 
and Canals. In 1853, upon the 
inauguration of President Pierce, 
Mr. Jones was appointed Special 
Bearer of Dispatches to the Ameri- 
can Consul at Havana, authoriz- 
ing him to administer the official 
oath to the Yice-President, W. R. 
King, who had visited Cuba for his 
health. 



Biographical Sketches. 



271 



JONES, ISAAC D. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1843. 

JONES, JAMES. 

Born in Maryland, and removed 
to Georgia when young. He stu- 
died law, and settled in Savannah. 
He was often a member of the Le- 
gislature of Georgia, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1799 to the time of his death, 
which occurred at Washington, 
January 12, 1801. 

JONES, JAMES. 

He was born in Amelia County, 
Yirginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1819 to 1823. 

JONES, J. C. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1851 to 1857. 

JONES, J. GLANCY. 

He was born on the Conestoga 
River, Pennsylvania, October T, 
1811. By his early education he 
was prepared for the Church, but 
preferred the law, to which he de- 
voted himself with success ; and 
while Deputy Attorney-General of 
the State, was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, serving from 1850 to 1858. 
He was the author, in the House, 
of the Bill creating the Court of 
Claims, when a member of the 
Committee on Claims; and by Mr. 



Speaker Orr, was placed at the 
head of the Committee of Ways 
and Means. He was a Presidential 
Elector in 1856, and was tendered, 
by President Buchanan, the Mis- 
sion to Berlin, which he declined ; 
but in October, 1858, he was offered 
the mission to Austria, and accept- 
ed the appointment. 

JONES, .JOHN W. 

He was born in Yirginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1835 to 1845. 

JONES, JOHN W. 

Born on Rock Creek, Montgo- 
mery County, Maryland, April 14, 
1806 ; when quite young he re- 
moved, with his father, to Ken- 
tucky, where he received a good 
English and classical education, at 
the Carlisle Seminary; as his health 
would permit, he devoted himself 
to the study of medicine, attended 
lectures at the Pennsylvania Aca- 
demy, and from Jefferson College 
received the degree of Doctor of 
Medicine. In 1840 he was elected 
to the Georgia Legislature, and he 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Georgia, from 1847 to 1849. 
In 1849 he removed to Alabama, 
and devoted himself to Agriculture ; 
but, returning to Georgia, was ap- 
pointed a medical professor in the 
Atlanta Medical College, which po- 
sition he still holds. He enjoys 
the reputation of having done much 
for the cause of education in the 
States of Georgia and Alabama. 



272 



Biographical Sketches. 



JONES, NATHANIEL. 

He was a member of the jSTew 
York Assembly in 1827 and 1828; 
a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 183T to 1841 ; a 
State Senator in 1852 and 1853; 
and also held the offices of Survey- 
or- Greneral of the State, and Canal 
Commissioner. 

JONES, OWEN. 

Born in Pennsylvania ; a lawyer 
by profession, and a Representative 
in the Thirty-fifth Congress, from 
his native State. 

JONES, ROLAND. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
and was a Representative in the 
Thirty-third Congress, from that 
State. 

JONES, SEABORN. 

He was born in Columbus, Geor- 
gia, and was a Representative in 
Congress, |rom that State, from 
1833 to 1835, and again from 1845 
to 1847. 

JONES, WALTER. 

Born in Virginia, and educated 
as a physician at Edinburg, about 
the year 1170; on his return he 
settled at Northumberland County, 
where he had extensive practice in 
his profession. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1797 to 
1799, and again from 1803 to 
1811. He died in Westmoreland 
County, Virginia, December 31, 
1815, aged seventy-six years. 



JONES, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1801 to 1803. 

JUDSON, ANDREW T. 

Born at Eastford, Connecticut, 
November 29, 1784 ; his education 
was obtained at the Common 
Schools, and under the instructions 
of his father and brother. He 
studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1806, when he removed 
to Montpelier, Vermont, and prac- 
ticed in that State; he afterwards 
returned to his native town, and in 
1809 went to Canterbury, which he 
made his permanent residence. In 
1819 he received the appointment 
of States Attorney for Windham 
County, which office he held for 
fourteen years. He was at differ- 
ent times a member of both branches 
of the Legislature, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1835 
to 1839, when he was elected Judge 
of the District Court, and con- 
tinued in that position until his 
death. In October, 1850, he was 
designated, by the Circuit Judge of 
the Second Circuit, to hold the 
Courts of the United States in the 
Southern District of New York, 
during the illness of the distin- 
guished Judge of that District, and 
he officiated at the trial of Mr. 
O'Sullivan, and others, for the at- 
tempted Cuban invasion. Among 
the causes which were brought be- 
fore him for adjudication, was the 
libel of the Amistad, and the fifty- 



Biographical Sketches. 



Zt6 



four Africans on board. He died 
at home, March 17, 1853. 

JULIAN, GEORGE ^Y. 

He was born in Indiana, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1849 to 1851. 

KANE, ELIAS K. 

He was born in New York State 
about tlie year 1795, and was bred 
to the legal profession. At an early 
period of his life he went to Tennes- 
see, and finally settled in Kaskaskia, 
in Illinois Territory, in 1815. In 
1818 he was a member of the Con- 
vention for framing a State Consti- 
tution, and when that government 
was organized, he was appointed 
Secretary of State. He was sub- 
sequently elected a member of the 
Legislature; and from 1825 to 
1836 he was a Senator in Congress, 
from Illinois, officiating as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Private 
Land Claims. He died at Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia, De- 
cember 12, 1835. 

KAUFMAN, DAVID S. 

, Born in Cumberland, Pennsylva- 
nia, in 1813; graduated at Prince- 
ton College in 1833; not long after 
he removed to Natchez, Mississippi, 
and read law in the office of Gene- 
ral Quitman. In 1835 he settled in 
Natchitoches, Louisiana. In 1837 he 
emigrated to Nacogdoches, in Texas, 
and in 1838 was elected a Represen- 
tative in the Texan Congress ; he was 
twice re-elected and twice chosen 
Speaker of the House. In 1843 he 
18 



was elected to the Senate, and 
from the Committee on Foreign Re- 
lations in 1844, presented a report 
in favor of annexation, and took an 
active part in its consummation. 
In 1845 he was appointed Charge to 
this government, but that office was 
superseded by the final act of an- 
nexation, and he was elected one of 
the first members of the House of 
Representatives, from Texas, serv- 
ing from 1846 to 1851. He died in 
Washington, District of Columbia, 
January 13, 1851. 

KAVANAGII, EDWARD. 

He was born in 1776, was Acting 
Governor of the State of Maine in 
1843 and 1844, and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1831 to 
1835; when he was appointed 
Charge d'Affairesto Portugal. He 
died at Newcastle, Maine, January 
20, 1844. 

KEESE, RICHARD. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1827 to 1829. 

KEIM, GEORGE M. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1838 to 1843. 

KEIM, WILLIAM H. 

He was born in Reading, Berks 
County, Pennsylvania, June 25, 
1813; was educated at the Mount 
Airy Military Academy ; but, turn- 
ing his attention to mercantile pur- 
suits, continued in active business 



274 



Biographical Sketches. 



until 1855. He has held, almost 
continuously for thirty years, a 
number of military offices, his pre- 
sent title being that of Major-Gen- 
eral of the 5th Division of the Penn- 
sylvania Yolunteers; in 1848 he 
was elected Mayor of Reading ; and 
in November, 1858, he was elected 
to fill the unexpired term of the 
Hon. J. Glancy Jones, (appointed 
Minister to Austria,) and took his 
seat at the commencement of the 
second session of the Thirty-fifth 
Congress. 

KEITT, LAWRENCE M. 

He was born in South Carolina, 
October 4, 1824; graduated at the 
College of South Carolina in 1843 ; 
studied law and was admitted to 
practice in 1845; was elected to 
the State Legislature in 1848; and 
in 1853 to a seat in the National 
House of Representatives, having 
been regularly re-elected to the pre- 
sent time. He is Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings and 
Grounds. He has also been re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress. 

KELLOGG, CHARLES. 

He was a native of New York, 
served six years in the New York 
Assembly, from Cayuga County, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1825 to 
182Y. 

KELLOGG, ORLANDO. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 184t to 1849. 



KELLOGG, WILLIAM. 

Born in Ashtabula County, Ohio, 
July 8, 1814, and removed to Illi- 
nois in 183'7. His education was 
obtained in the common schools of 
the country, and having studied law, 
acquired an extensive practice in the 
district of disputed land titles in Il- 
linois. He served in the State Le- 
gislature in 1849 and 1850, and 
was three years Judge of the Cir- 
cuit Court of Illinois, and elected a 
Representative, from that State, to 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving 
as a member of the Committee on 
Public Expenditures. 

KELLY, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1805 to 1809. 

KELLY, JOHN. 

Born in the City of New York, 
April 21, 1821; educated at the 
public schools, in that city ; by 
trade a mason ; was Alderman of 
the city for two years ; and elected 
Representative in the Thirty -fourth 
and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving 
on the Committee of Ways and 
Means. In October, 1858, he was 
elected High Sheriff for the City 
and County of New York, said to 
be one of the most lucrative offices 
in the country. 

KELLY, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Louisiana, during the 
years 1821 and 1822 ; and a Senator 
in Congress, from 1822 to 1825. 



Biographical Sketches. 



275 



KELSEY, WILLIAM H. 

He was born in New York, and 
was elected a Representative, from 
that State, to the Thirty-fourth and 
Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is a 
member of the Committee on Agri- 
culture. 

KEMBLE. GOUVERNEUR. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1831 to 1841. 

KEMPSHALL, THOMAS. 

He was born in England, and 
having emigrated to New York, 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1839 to 1841. 

KENAN, THOMAS. 

Born in Duplin County, North 
Carolina, iu ITTl. In 1799 he was 
a member of the House of Dele- 
gates ; served in the State Senate 
in 1804; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1805 to 
1811. He subsequently removed 
to Alabama, where he served for 
many years in the Legislature of 
that State, but declined a re-election 
to Congress. Died near Selma, 
October 22, 1843. 

KENDALL, JONAS. 

He was born at Worcester, Mas- 
sachusetts, in list; obtained a 
finished education by his own un- 
aided exertions ; served thirteen 
years in the Legislature of Massa- 
chussetts ; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, 
from 1819 to 1821. Died in Leo- 



minster, Massachusetts, October 22, 
1844. 

KENDALL, .lOSEPH G. 

Born in 1788; graduated at 
Harvard College, in 1810, and was 
a tutor in that University, from 
1812 to 1819. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from the 
Northern District of Worcester 
County, Massachusetts, from 1829 
to 1833; and then appointed Clerk 
of the State Courts. He died at 
Worcester, Massachusetts, October 
2, 1847. 

KENNEDY, ANDREW. 

Born in Ohio, in 1810; was bred 
a blacksmith, and at the age of nine- 
teen could neither read nor write. 
He subsequently studied law, and 
was a member of the State Senate 
of Indiana ; and represented that 
State in Congress, from 1841 to 
1847. He died at Muncietown, 
Indiana, December 31, 1847. 

KENNEDY, ANTHONY. 

Born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 
1811 ; removed, when ten years of 
age, to Virginia ; educated at Jef- 
ferson Academy, Charlestown, Vir- 
ginia ; studied law, but abandoned 
it, and subsequently engaged in the 
manufacture of cotton and in plant- 
ing. He was a member of the 
Legislature of Virginia, from 1839 
to 1843, and an unsuccessful candi- 
date for Congress, from Virginia ; 
removed to Baltimore in 1850, and 
was elected to the Maryland Le- 
gislature in 1856, serving as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Ways and 



276 



Biographical Sketches. 



Means; and by that body elected 
to the United States Senate, for six 
years, from March 4, 1857, and is a 
member of the Committees on Pri- 
vate Land Claims, and on the Dis- 
trict of Columbia. 

KENNEDY, JOHN P. 
He was born in Baltimore, Octo- 
ber, 1*195. He studied law and 
practiced in that city until 1838, 
when he was elected to the House 
of Representatives, in the Federal 
Legislature, and served in that body 
through the Twenty-fifth, Twenty- 
seventh and Twenty-eighth Con- 
gresses; elected in 1846 to the 
House of Delegates of Maryland, 
(of which he had been a member in 
the sessions of 1820 and 1822,) 
he was made Speaker, and took an 
active part in the measure which 
was then adopted to resume the 
payment of the State debt, and the 
restoration of the public credit. 
Since 1841, he has held no local 
political post, but has devoted his 
time to literary pursuits. His last 
national position was that of Se- 
cretary of the Navy, under Pre- 
sident Fillmore. In 1849, he was 
chosen by the regents of the Uni- 
versity of Maryland to preside 
over that institution, as provost, 
which position he now occupies. 
Among his various political tracts, 
speeches, reports, and addresses, 
which have been published, are " A 
Review of Mr. Cambreling's Free- 
Trade Report, by Mephistopheles," 
in 1830; "The Memorial of the 
Permanent Committee of the New 
York Convention of Friends of 



Domestic Industry," in 1833; an 
elaborate report on " The Com- 
merce and Navigation of the United 
States, by the Committee of Com- 
merce," (of which Mr. Kennedy 
was chairman,) in 1842, and a re- 
port from the same committee on 
" The Warehouse System," in 1843. 
Besides these, he has published 
several pamphlets and tracts, in 
defence of the protective system. 
In the field of general literature, 
he is known to the public as 
the author of " Swallow Barn, 
a Sojourn in the Old Do- 
minion." "Horse-Shoe Robinson," 
" Rob of the Bowl," " Quod Libet," 
" Memoirs of the life of William 
Wirt, late Attorney-General of the 
United States," sundry historical, 
biographical, and literary discourses, 
essays, and reviews, which have not 
yet been collected into volumes. 
He is an active member of the 
Historical Society of Maryland, of 
which he is the Yice-President. 

KENNEDY, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from North Carolina, from 
1803 to 1805, from 1809 to 1811, 
and from 1813 to 1815. 

KENNETT, LUTHER M. 

He was born in Falmouth, Pen- 
dleton County, Kentucky, March 
15, 1801 ; received a good English 
and classical education ; was for a 
number of years Deputy Clerk of 
Pendleton and Campbell Counties ; 
he studied law, and in 1825 re- 
moved to Missouri, where he en- 



Biographical Sketches. 



277 



gaged in mercantile pursuits ; having 
settled in St. Louis in 1842, he was 
elected to the Councils of that city ; 
in 1849 he was Chairman of the 
Pacific Railroad Convention, held 
in St. Louis, and subsequently Vice- 
President of the company formed 
for commencing the work; in 1850 
he was elected Mayor of St. Louis, 
and re-elected in 1851 and 1852; 
in 1853 he was elected President of 
the St. Louis and Iron Mountain 
Railroad ; and he was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Missouri, 
(St. Louis District,) from 1855 to 
1857. 

KENNON, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and having emigrated to Ohio, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1829 
to 1833, from 1833 to 1837, and 
from 1847 to 1849. 

KENT, JOSEPH, 

Born in 1779, in Calvert County, 
Maryland ; was educated for a phy- 
sician, and combined the practice of 
his profession with the pursuits of 
agriculture. Fe was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from his native 
State, from 1811 to 1815, and from 
1821 to 1826 ; Governor of Mary- 
land, from 1826 to 1829; and 
United States Senator, from 1833 
to 1837. He died near his resi- 
dence, in the vicinity of Bladens- 
burg, Maryland, November 24, 
1839, in the fifty-ninth year of his 
asre. 



KENT, MOSS. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly, in 1807 and 1810, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1813 
to 1817. 

KERR, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 
to 1817. 

KERR, JOHN. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
received a liberal education, and 
adopted the profession of law ; was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
his native State, from 1853 to 1855 ; 
and was subsequently elected to 
the House of Commons of that 
State, where he still continues. 

KERR, JOHN BOZMAN. 

Born at Easton, Talbot County, 
Maryland, March 5, 1809; gra- 
duated at Harvard University in 
1830 ; he studied law at Easton, 
and was admitted to the bar in 
1833. Was a member of the Ge- 
neral Assembly of Maryland, from 
1836 to 1838; and from 1847 to 
1849 he acted as deputy for the 
Attorney General of Maryland, for 
Talbot County. From 1849 to 
1851, he was a Representative in 
Congress, and at the end of the 
session, was appointed by President 
Fillmore, Charge d'Affaires to the 
Republic of Nicaragua ; during the 
revolution of 1851 he had the good 
fortune, as the National Represen- 



278 



Biographical Sketches: 



tative of Central America, to bring 
about an armistice, and was instru- 
mental in saving the lives of lead- 
ing officers of tlie revolutionary 
party, for which he received a for- 
mal expression of thanks from the 
Executive on leaving the country ; ■ 
and in 1853 the Congress of the 
United States voted him an extra 
sum for services in Central Ame- 
rica. In 1854 he resumed the 
practice of his profession in the 
City of Baltimore, where he now 
resides. 

KERR, JOHN L. 

He was born at Greenbury Point, 
near Annapolis, Maryland, Janu- 
ary 15, 1780; graduated at St. 
John's College in 1*799; studied 
law with John Leeds Bozman, and 
practiced the profession with suc- 
cess ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Maryland, from 1825 
to 1829, and again from 1831 to 
1833; he was also a Senator in 
Congress, from 1841 to 1843. He 
was a member of the National Con- 
vention, held at Harrisburg in 1839, 
and at the head of the Electoral 
ticket for President during the same 
year. Before entering Congress, 
he was the agent of Maryland in 
the prosecution of militia claims 
against the United States. He 
died at his homestead, in Maryland, 
February 21, 1844. 

KERR, JOSEPH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1814 to 
1815. 



KERSHAW, JOHN. 

He was a native of South Caro- 
lina, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1813 
to 1815, when he was appointed, 
by President Madison, one of the 
three Commissioners to run the 
Creek boundry lines. 

KEY, PHILIP. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1791 to 
1193. 

KEY, PHILIP BARTON. 

Was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1801 to 
1813, and died at Georgetown, Dis- 
trict of Columbia, July 28, 1815, 
aged fifty years. He was a native 
of Maryland, a lawyer by profession, 
and a man of high abilities and 
character. 

KEYES, ELIAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yermont, from 1821 to 

1823. 

KIDDER, DAVID. 

He was born in Dresden, Lincoln 
•County, Maine, December 8, ItSt; 
received a classical education from 
private tutors ; studied law, and set- 
tled in Somerset County, where he 
held many local offices ; and he was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Maine, from 1823 to 182T. 

KIDWELL, ZEDEKIAH. 

He was born in Fairfax County, 
Virginia, January 4, 1814; was 



Biographical Sketches. 



279 



educated by his father ; studied medi- 
cine, and graduated at the Jefferson 
Medical College of Philadelphia, in 
1839 ; after practicing medicine some 
years, he commenced in 1848 the 
study of law, and began to practice 
as a lawyer in 1849; he served a 
number of years in the Legislature 
of Virginia ; was a member of the 
State Constitutional Convention in 
1829 ; was a Presidential Elector in 
1852 ; and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1853 to 
1851. In 1857 he was elected one 
of three Commissioners to superin- 
tend the public works for the State 
of Virginia, representing in that 
board the Third District. 

KILBOURNE, JAMES. 

Born in New Britain, Connecti- 
cut, October 19, 1770; while ap- 
prenticed as a farmer's boy he re- 
ceived instruction in Latin and 
Greek and mathematics, from the 
son of his employer ; was next a 
mechanic, then a merchant and 
manufacturer, and finally studied 
divinity, and became a clergyman of 
the Episcopal Church. In 1803 he 
was instrumental in forming an emi- 
grating colony to Central Ohio, 
called the " Sciota Company;" a 
town was soon organized, and named 
Worthington. In 1805 he was ap- 
pointed by Congress to the office of 
United States Surveyor of Public 
Lands ; and in 1806 he was chosen 
by the Legislature a member of the 
Board of Trustees of Ohio College, 
at Athens. In 1812 he was ap- 



pointed by the President, a Commis- 
sioner to settle the boundary between 
the public lands and the Virginia 
Reservation, and also commissioned 
as colonel of the frontier regiment. 
He was one of the Commissioners 
for locating Miami University, and 
President of the Board of Trustees 
of Worthington College. From 
1813 to 1817 he was a Representa- 
tive in Congress. He was also a 
member of the Ohio Legislature. 
He died in Worthington, April, 
1850. 

KILGORE, DAVID. 

He was born in Harrison County, 
Kentucky, April 3, 1804, and re- 
moved with his father to Indiana in 
1819, and settled in Franklin Coun- 
ty. He received a common school 
education, and commenced the study 
of law in 1825, and was admitted 
to practice in 1830, and removed to 
Delaware County. In 1833 he was 
elected to the State Legislature, 
and served several years. In 1839 
he was elected by the Legislature 
President Judge of the Judicial 
Circuit in which he resided, and 
held the office seven years. In 1850 
he was a delegate to the Constitu- 
tional Convention of the State. In 
1854 was again elected to the Le- 
gislature, and was Speaker of the 
House. In 1856 he was elected a 
Representative, from Indiana, to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, and has been 
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth. He 
is a member of the Committee on 
Expenditures in the Treasury De- 
partment. 



280 



Biographical Sketches. 



KILLE, JOSEPH. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1839 to 1841. 

KINCAID, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1829 to 
1833. 

KING, ADAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 182t 
to 1833, and died in May, 1835. 

KING, CYRUS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1813 to 181T. 

KING, DANIEL PUTNAM. 

Born in Dan vers, Massachusetts, 
in 1800; graduated at Harvard in 
1823. At first he contemplated the 
study of the law, but soon aban- 
doned it for the practice of agricul- 
ture. In 1836 and 183*7 he was a 
member of the Massachusetts Legis- 
lature, in 1838 and 1839 a member 
of the State Senate, and in 1840 
and 1841 President of that body. 
Speaker of the House in 1843, and 
during that year he was elected a 
Representative in Congress, and 
held that position until his death, 
which occurred in Danvers, July 25, 
1850. 

KING, GEORGE G. 

He was born in Rhode Island, 
and was a Representative in Con- 



gress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1853. 

KING, HENRY. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 
to 1835. 

KING, JAMES G. 

He was born at Highwood, New 
Jersey, in 1191 ; was taken to Eng- 
land by his father when American 
Minister, and was educated there, 
and graduated at Harvard College 
in 1810 ; was an eminent merchant 
and banker in New York City, and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
New Jersey, from 1849 to 1851. 
He died in Highwood, New Jersey, 
October 3, 1853, aged sixty-two 
years. 

KING, JOHN. 

He was born in 1*175 ; served in 
Congress, from New York, from 
1831 to 1833; and died at New 
Lebanon, New York, September 1, 
1838. 

KING, JOHN A. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1849 to 1851. 

KING, JOHN P. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Georgia, from 1834 to 1838. 

KING, PERKINS. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly in 1821, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1829 to 1831. 



Biographical Sketches. 



281 



KING, PRESTON. 
Born at Ogdensburg, St. Law- 
rence County, New York, October 
14, 1806. He graduated at Union 
College ; is a lawyer by profession ; 
was for several years a member of 
the New York Legislature ; also a 
Representative, from that State, 
from 1843 to 1847, and from 1849 to 
1853, after which he was elected to 
the United States Senate, which 
position he still retains, serving on 
the Committees on Pensions and on 
Military Affairs. 

KING, RUFUS. 
He was born in Scarborough, 
Maine, in 1155 ; was educated at 
Dummer Academy, in Newbury, 
Massachusetts ; graduated at Har- 
vard College in 1777; in 1778 he 
was aid-de-camp to Sullivan, in his 
expedition against the British in 
Rhode Island ; he studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar, in Newbu- 
ryport, Massachusetts, in 1780; he 
was elected, from that town, to the 
State Legislature ; in 1784 was 
elected a Delegate to Congress, at 
Trenton ; was a member of the State 
Convention of Massachusetts, held 
in 1787 ; he was a member of the 
Convention which formed the Fede- 
ral Constitution ; removing to New 
York City in 1788, he was, in 1789, 
elected a Senator in Congress, and 
served his entire term, and was re- 
elected to the same position in 1813, 
remaining in that capacity until 
1825. At the close of his first term 
in the Senate he was appointed, by 
President Washington, Minister to 
England, where he remained through 



the whole of President Adams's 
terra, and during two years of Pre- 
sident Jefferson's term. In 1825 
President John Quincy Adams 
again appointed him Minister to 
England, but bad health prevented 
him from entering upon his duties ; 
and returning home, he died at Ja- 
maica, Long Island, April 29, 1827. 
As a statesman, diplomatist, and 
political writer, he displayed great 
abilities, and he was the author of 
many of the papers written on the 
British Treaty in 1794, over the 
signature of Camilius ; as a man, he 
was universally respected and be- 
loved. 

KING, RUFUS H. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1855 to 1857. 

KING, T. BUTLER. 

He was born in Hampden, Hamp- 
shire County, Massachusetts, Au- 
gust 27, 1804 ; was educated at 
Westfield Academy; studied law, 
and removed to Georgia in 1823, 
where he devoted himself to plant- 
ing. In the years 1832, 1834, 
1835, and 1837, he was a member 
of the Stale Senate ; and he was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Georgia, from 1839 to 1843, and 
again from 1845 to 1847, and for 
another term ending with 1849, 
serving much of the time on the 
Committee on Naval Affairs, in 
which he took especial interest. 
He was also a member, in 1833, of 
the Milledgeville Convention; in 



282 



Biographical Sketches. 



1836, of the Macon Railroad Con- 
vention ; and, in 1840, of the Young 
Men's Convention at Baltimore ; 
besides serving as the president of 
various canal and railroad compa- 
nies. He is now a resident of Cali- 
fornia. 

KING, WILLIAM R. 

Born in North Carolina, April 
Y, 1*786; received a good educa- 
tion ; studied law and was admitted 
to the bar in 1806 ; was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from his na- 
tive State, from 1811 to 1816; he 
resigned that position and accom- 
panied William Pinckney to Europe, 
as Secretary of Legation ; and, on 
his return from Europe, he settled 
in the Territory of Alabama, and 
devoted himself to planting. He 
was a member of the Convention 
which formed the State Constitu- 
tion of Alabama; in 1819 he was 
elected a Senator in Congress, from 
Alabama, where he continued until 
1844 ; in that year he was appoint- 
ed Minister to France and con- 
tinued there two years ; in 1846 he 
was again elected to the United 
States Senate, where he remained 
until elected Vice-President of the 
United States, in 1852. During 
the Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth, 
Twenty- sixth, Thirty- first, and 
Thirty-second Congresses, he offici- 
ated as President, pro tern., of the 
Senate, and as a presiding officer, 
as well as a man, commanded uni- 
versal respect. At the time of his 
election, as Vice-President, his 
health was feeble, and when the 



time arrived for taking the consti- 
tutional oath of that office, he was 
in Cuba, and the oath was admin- 
istered by the American Consul 
there. He returned to his planta- 
tion at Cahawba, Alabama, April 
lY, 1852, and died on the following 
day. 

KINGSBURY, WILLIAM W. 

Born in Towanda, Bradford Co., 
Pennsylvania, June 4, 1828. He 
was self-edacated ; he was bred a 
farmer, emigrated to Minnesota, 
and in the year 1855 was first elect- 
ed a member of the Minnesota Le- 
gislature, and again in 1856. In 
185*7 was delegate to the Conven- 
tion for framing a Constitution for 
Minnesota, and elected a Delegate 
to the Thii'ty-fifth Congress. 

KINNARD, GEORGE L. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Indiana, from 1833 to 
1837, and died at Cincinnati, No- 
vember 26, 1838, from injuries re- 
ceived on the sixteenth of that 
month, on board the steamboat Flo- 
ra, which exploded near that city. 

KINSEY, CHARLES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1817 
to 1819, and from 1820 to 1821. 

KINSLEY, MARTIN. 

He was born in Bridgewater, 
Massachusetts, June 2. 1754 ; gra- 
duated at Harvard University in 
1778, and studied medicine; per- 
formed some service in the revolu- 



Biographical Sketches. 



283 



tionary war, and was chosen a Dele- 
gate to the Convention for forming 
the Constitution of his native State ; 
served in the Legislature of Massa- 
chusetts about thirty years ; he was 
also at different periods a member 
of the State Council ; a Judge of 
the Court of Common Pleas ; Judge 
of Probate ; and a Representative in 
Congress, from Massachusetts, from 
1819 to 1821. He died June 20, 
1835. 

KIRTLAND, DORRANCE. 

He was born in New York ; gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1789; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1817 
to 1819. 

KIRKLAND, JOSEPH. 

He was born near Norwich, Con- 
necticut, in 1771; graduated at 
Yale College in 1790; removed to 
Utica, New York, and was the first 
Mayor of that City ; served fre- 
quently in the State Legislature ; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1821 
to 1823. He died at Utica, Janu- 
ary 26, 1844. 

KIRKPATRICK, LITTLETON. 

He graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1815, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from New Jer- 
sey, from 1843 to 1845. 

KIRKPATRICK, W. 

He was born in Amwell, Hun- 
terdon County, New Jersey, in 
November, 1768 ; was educated at 



Princeton College, graduating in 
1788; studied medicine and was 
admitted to practice in 1795 ; in 
1806 he removed to Salina, New 
York, and became Superintendent 
of the Salt Springs ; was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1807 to 
1809, from New York ; and died of 
cholera, at Salina, September 2, 
1832. 

KITCHELL, AARON. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1791 
to 1793, from 1794 to 1797, and 
from 1799 to 1801 ; and a Senator 
in Congress, from 1805 to 1809. 

KITTERA, JOHN W. 

He was a graduate of Princeton 
College in 1776 ; and a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1791 to 1801, when he 
was appointed United States Dis- 
trict Attorney for the Eastern Dis- 
trict of Pennsylvania. 

KITTERA, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1826 
to 1827. 

KITTREDGE, GEORGE W. 

He was born in New Hampshire, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1853 
to 1855. 

KLINGENSMITH, JOHN, Jr. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1835 
to 1839. 



284 



Biographical Sketches. 



KNAPP, CHAUNCEY L. 



He was born in Berlin, Yermont, 
February 26, 1809. He commenced 
the active business of life by serving 
an apprenticeship of seven years in 
a printing office in Montpelier ; was 
elected reporter for the Legislature 
in 1833 ; was co-proprietor and edi- 
tor for some years of the State Jour- 
nal; was elected Secretary of the 
State, in 1836, in which capacity he 
served four years ; and removing to 
Massachusetts he was elected Secre- 
tary of the Massachusetts Senate in 
1851 ; and was elected a Represen- 
tative to the Thirty-fourth and re- 
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
and is a member of the Committee 
on Territories. To him was award- 
ed the credit, while editing the 
Journal, of first nominating Gene- 
ral Harrison for the Presidency, 
which resulted in his obtaining the 
electoral votes of Yermont four 
years before he was really elected. 
Mr. Knapp's tastes have led him to 
the study of mechanics, and in all 
his public positions he has paid par- 
ticular attention to the mechanical 
interests of his constituents. 

KNICKERBOCKER, HERMAN. 



He was born in New York in 
1180, and was a descendant, in the 
third generation, of one of the ori- 
ginal emigrants to New York. He 
early engaged in politics, and was a 
member of Congress, from 1809 to 
1811, as a Federalist, but, during 
President Jackson's administration, 
he became a Democrat. He died in 



Williamsburg, New York, January 
30, 1855. 

KNIGHT, .JONATHAN. 
Born in Bucks County, Pennsyl- 
vania, November 22, 1781, and re- 
, moved with his parents, in 1801, to 
East Bethlehem, Washington Coun- 
ty. He was mostly self-educated, 
and became a school teacher, and 
surveyor of lands. In 1816 he was 
appointed by the State government 
to make and report a map of his 
county. He served three years as 
County Commissioner, and was ap- 
pointed, in 1821, a commissioner to 
extend the National Boad between 
Cumberland and Wheeling, through 
Ohio and Indiana, to the Eastern 
line of Illinois. In 1822 he was 
elected to the Legislature and served 
six years. In 1828 he visited Eng- 
land to acquire a thorough know- 
ledge of civil engineering, and on 
his return was appointed chief engi- 
neer on the Baltimore and Ohio 
Boad. He was elected, in 1854, a 
Bepresentative in the Thirty-fourth 
Congress; after that time he was 
engaged in agriculture. He died in 
Washington County, November 22, 
1858. 

KNIGHT, NEHEMIAH. 
He was a native of Bhode Isl- 
and; a farmer by occupation; a 
prominent politician of the Federal 
school, and a Bepresentative in 
Congress, from 1803 to 1808. 



KNIGHT, NEHEMIAH R. 
Born in Cranston, Bhode Island, 
December 31, 1780; was chiefly 



Biographical Sketches. 



285 



self-educated ; at the age of twenty- 
two was elected to the State Legis- 
lature; in 1805 he was elected Clerk 
of the Court of Common Pleas in 
Providence; in 1812 he was chosen 
Clerk of the Circuit Court, and 
served until 1811 ; he was also for 
many years President of the Roger 
Williams Bank ; he was elected 
Governor of Rhode Island in 1811, 
and re-elected in 1819 and 1820; 
he was appointed, by President 
Madison, during the war with Eng- 
land, Collector of Providence ; and 
he was a Senator in Congress, from 
1821 to 1841. He was a member, 
in 1843, of the State Constitutional 
Convention, after which he retired 
to private life. He died at Provi- 
dence, Rhode Island, April 19, 
1854. He was a man of sterling 
character, and a true patriot. 

KNOWLTON, EBENEZER. 

He was born in New Hampshire, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1855 to 
1851. 

KNOX, JAMES. 

Born in Canajoharie, Montgome- 
ry County, New York, July 4, 1801 ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1830, 
studied law at Utica, New York, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1833. 
In 1836 he located at Knoxville, 
Illinois, where he has since resided, 
giving his attention chiefly to mer- 
cantile and agricultural pursuits. 
In 1841 he was a member of the 
Constitutional Convention of Illi- 
nois, and in 1852 was elected a 
Representative in the Thirty-third 



Congress, and re-elected to the 
Thirty-fourth. 

KREBS, JACOB. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 182G 
to 1821. 

KREMER, GEORGE. 

Born in 1115, and died in Union 
County, Pennsylvania, September 
11, 1854. He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1823 to 1829. 

KUHNS, JOSEPH H. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1851 to 
1853. 

KUNKEL, JACOB M. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was elected a Representative, from 
that State, to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, and is a member of the Com- 
mittees on Revolutionary Claims, 
and Expenditures in the Treasury 
Department. 

KUNKEL, JOHN C. 

Born in Pennsylvania, a lawyer 
by profession, and a member of the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from his na- 
tive State, and a member of the 
Committee on Claims. 

KURTZ, WILLIAM H. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1855. 



286 



Biographical Sketches. 



LABRANCH, ALCEA. 

He was born in Louisiana, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1845. 

LACOCK, ABNER. 

Born in Virginia, in 1*7 70. With- 
out the advantage of much early 
education, he raised himself by his 
talents to eminence as a legislator, 
statesman, and civilian. He filled 
various public stations for a period 
of nearly forty years ; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1811 to 1813, and 
United States Senator from 1813 
to 1819. He died in Beaver Coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania, April 12, 1837. 

LAHM, SAMUEL. 

Born in Leitersburg, Maryland, 
April 22, 1812. His education was 
limited, yet his first earnings were 
the result of teaching school. In 
March, 1835, he removed to Indi- 
ana, and studied law, and then set- 
tled in Ohio. In 1831 he was 
elected Master in Chancery; in 
1842 a State Senator; at various 
times to high positions in the mi- 
litia ; and to Congress, as a Repre- 
sentative, in 1847, where he re- 
mained until 1849. 

LAKE, WILLIAM A. 

He was born in Maryland ; gra- 
duated at Washington College, in 
Pennsylvania ; studied law ; served 
in the Legislature of Maryland ; 
removed to Mississippi, practiced 
his profession there with success ; 
was elected to the Senate of that 



State, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Mississippi, during 
the Thirty-fourth Congress. 

LAMAR, HENRY G. 

He was born in Georgia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1829 to 1833. 

LAMAR, L. Q. C. 

He is a native of Georgia, but, 
having removed to Mississippi, was 
elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from that 
State, serving on the Committee on 
Elections. 

LAMB, ALFRED W. 

He was born in 'New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Missouri, from 1847 to 1849. 

LAMBERT, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1805 
to 1809; and from 1809 to 1815 
he was a member of the United 
States Senate. During the years 
1802 and 1803 he performed the 
duties of Governor of New Jersey, 
and died in February, 1823, aged 
seventy-five years. 

LANCASTER, COLUMBIA. 

He was a Delegate to Congress, 
from the Territory of Washington, 
during the years 1854 and 1855. 

LANDY, JAMES. 

He was born in Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania, October 13, 1813; 
received his education in his native 



Biographical Sketches. 



287 



city ; devoted himself, for a time, to 
the occupation of a builder; stu- 
died law, but abandoned the profes- 
sion, and turned his attention to 
mercantile pursuits. He has devo- 
ted much of his attention to the 
Public School system of Philadel- 
phia, and has held the positions of 
Commissioner and President of the 
Board of School Commissioners. 
In 1856 he was elected a Repre- 
presentative to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, and is a 
member of the Committee on Com- 
merce. 

LANDRY, J. ARISTIDE. 

He was born in Louisiana, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1851 to 1853. 

LANE, AMOS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Indiana, from 1833 to 
1837, having previously been a 
member of the State Legislature, and 
served one session as Speaker. He 
was a lawyer of the first ability, 
and filled a conspicuous place in 
the history of Indiana. He died in 
Lawrensburg, in that State, in 1850. 

LANE, HENRY S. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Indiana, from 1841 to 
1843. 

LANE, JAMES H. 

He was born in Indiana, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1853 to 1855. 



LANE, JOSEPH. 

Born in North Carolina, Decem- 
ber 14, 1801. In his fifteenth year 
he became a clerk in a mercantile 
house in Indiana, and in 1822 was 
chosen a member of the Legisla- 
ture, — serving in that capacity, 
with occasional intervals, until 1846. 
He participated in the war with 
Mexico, acquitting himself with 
credit at Buena Yista and on other 
fields, and was appointed, by Presi- 
dent Polk, a brigadier-general. In 
1849 he was appointed Governor of 
the Territory of Oregon, without 
his solicitation, and organized the 
government; and was elected a 
Delegate to Congress, in 1851, where 
he has been retained by his consti- 
tuents until the present time. 

LANGDON, CHAUNCEY. 

He graduated at Yale College in 
178Y ; was a Representative in 
Congress, from Yermont, from 
1815 to ISn, and died in 1830. 

LANGDON, JOHN. 

He was educated for mercantile 
pursuits, and afterwards prosecuted 
business upon the sea, until the 
commencement of the controversy 
with Great Britain. He was one 
of the party which removed the 
powder and the military stores from 
Fort William and Mary, at New 
Castle, in 1774. In 1775 and 1776 
he was chosen a Delegate to Con- 
gress. Commanding a company of 
volunteers, he served, for awhile, 
in Yermont and Rhode Island. In 



288 



BlOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



his own State he was, in 1*776 and 
17*77, Speaker of the House, and 
Judge of the Court of Common 
Pleas. In 1779 he was Conti- 
nental Agent in New Hampshire, 
and contracted for the building of 
several ships of war. In 1783 he 
was again appointed Delegate to 
Congress, and was afterwards re- 
peatedly a member of theLegislature, 
and Speaker. In March, 1788, he 
was chosen Governor of the State, 
and from 1789 to 1801 he was 
Senator of the United States. 
From 1805 to 1808, and again in 
1810 and 1811, he was Governor 
of the State. He died in 1819, 
aged seventy-eight. 

LANMAN, JAMES. 

Born in N'orwich, Connecticut, 
June 14, 1769; graduated at Yale 
College, in 1788, and settled as a 
lawyer in his native town ; he was 
a member of the Convention which 
formed the first Constitution of 
Connecticut, and served two years 
in the Lower House of the Legis- 
lature, and one year as a State Sena- 
tor ; and was for five years Attorney 
for the State, for New London 
County, acquiring great local dis- 
tinction by his abilities. He was 
elected a Senator in Congress, serv- 
ing from 1819 to 1825, during one 
Congress, as Chairman of the Com- 
mittees on Post-offices and Post- 
roads and Contingent Expenses of 
the Senate, and voted with the South 
on the Missouri Compromise ; dur- 
ing the Seventeenth Congress, he 



was at one time member of four 
committees, viz.: that of Commerce 
and Manufactures, the Militia, 
District of Columbia, and the Con- 
tingent Expenses of the Senate. 
He was appointed, by the Governor, 
to a second term in the Senate, but 
as this was at the expiration of his 
first term, the Senate decided that the 
appointment was without authority 
of law. He was subsequently 
Judge of the Supreme Court of 
Connecticut, for three years ; and 
three years Mayor of Norwich, 
where he died, August 7, 1841. 

LANSING, GERRIT Y. 

He was born in New York, served 
four years in the Legislature of 
that State, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from New York, from 
1831 to 1837. 

LAPORTE, JOHN. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1833 
to 1837. 

LA SERE, EMILE. 

He was born in Louisiana, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1846 to 1847, 
and also for the two following terms, 
ending in 1851. 

LATHAM, MILTON S. 

He was born in Ohio, and on his 
removal to California, was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1853 to 1855. 



Biographical Sketches. 



289 



LATHROP, SAMUEL. 

Born in Hampden County, Mas- 
sachusetts, in IT 11; graduated at 
Yale College in 1792 ; studied law, 
and attained a high position at the 
bar ; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1818 to 1826. He died in West 
Springfield, July 11, 1846. 

LATTIMER, HENRY. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Delaware, from 1793 to 
1795, and a Senator in Congress, 
from 1795 to 1801. 

LATTIMORE, WILLIAM. 

Born in Norfolk, Virginia, Feb- 
ruary 9, 1774, where he received a 
limited education ; he studied medi- 
cine, removed to the Territory of 
Mississippi ; and was a Delegate to 
Congress, from that Territory, from 
1803 to 1807, andfrom 1813 to 1817. 
He was also delegate to the Con- 
vention which formed the first Con- 
stitution of Mississippi ; after which 
he retired to private life, and died 
April 3, 1843. 

LAW, LYMAN. 

Born at New London, Connecti- 
cut, August 19, 1770; graduated 
at Yale College in 1791 ; studied 
law with his father, Richard Law, 
(who was a member of the Conti- 
nental Congress,) and practiced at 
New London ; after serving in the 
Legislature of the State, and being 
Speaker of the House of Represen- 
tatives, he. was elected to Congress, 
and represented his State, in that 
19 



body, from 1811 to 1817. He died 
in New London, February 3, 1842. 

LAWLER, .JOAB. 

Born in North Carolina, June 12, 
1796; was educated for the minis- 
try, and became a clergyman of the 
Baptist Church. In 1826 he was 
elected to the Lower House of the 
Alabama Legislature, and was re- 
elected until 1831, in which year he 
was elected to the State Senate. In 
1832 he was appointed Receiver of 
Public Moneys for the Coosa Land 
District, and held the office until 
1835. In 1833 he was elected 
Treasurer of the University of Ala- 
bama. He was a Representative 
in Congress, from Alabama, from 
1835 to 1838. He died in Wash- 
ington, May 8, 1838, during the 
first session of his second term. 

LAWRANCE, JOHN. 

He was born in the County of 
Cornwall, England, in 1750, and 
emigrated to the City of New York 
in 1767. He studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1772, and in 
1775 was commissioned in the First 
New York Regiment, and served to 
the end of the revolutionary war, 
his several grades having been aid- 
de-camp to his relative, Colonel 
McDougal, Judge-Advocate, and 
General, in which latter capacity he 
conducted the court-martial called 
to try Major Andre. In 1783 he re- 
sumed the practice of his profession 
in New York. In 1785 and 1786 he 
was a member of the First Congress. 
In 1789 he was elected a State Sena- 



290 



Biographical Sketches. 



tor, and during that year was elect- 
ed, by a five-sixth vote, a Represen- 
tative in the Federal Congress, 
serving from ITSO to 1793; was 
appointed by Washington, in 1194, 
Judge of the United States District 
Court for New York; and was a 
Senator in Congress, from 1*796 to 
1800, when he resigned, and retired 
to private life. He died in 1810. 

LAWRENCE, ABBOTT. 

Born in Groton, Massachusetts, 
December 16, 1192. His education 
was obtained at a district school and 
at Groton Academy, and in 1808 
he went to Boston and became a 
clerk in the store of his brother 
Amos. In 1814 he was admitted 
as a partner in the concern, and for 
many years the twain prosecuted 
a very extensive importing business, 
and laid the foundations of their 
several fortunes. He was the tra- 
veling partner, and visited Europe 
anumber of times. He subsequently 
became one of the foremost men in 
building up American manufacture, 
and the flourishing City of Law- 
rence was the offspring of his enter- 
prise. In 1821 he was a delegate 
to the Harrisburg Convention. He 
served in the Common Council of 
Boston in 1831, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1885 to 
1831, and again in 1839 and 1840. 
In 1842 he was appointed a Com- 
missioner to arrange the Northeast- 
ern boundary question ; in 1849 he 
was invited, by President Taylor, 
into his cabinet, but declined ; he 
subsequently accepted, however, the 



appointment of Minister to Eng- 
land, where he acquitted himself 
with credit. He founded a scienti- 
fic school in Cambridge, and his 
gifts and bequests to various chari- 
table and religious societies proved 
him to be a man of many noble 
qualities. Died in Boston, August 
18, 1855. 

LAWRENCE, CORNELIUS VAN 
WYCK. 

He was born in Flushing, Long 
Island, February 28, 1191 ; spent 
his boyhood working on his father's 
farm, and acquiring a good Eng- 
lish education ; and, on arriving at 
the age of manhood, removed to 
New York City, with which, as a 
business man, he has been identified 
ever since. He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New York 
City, from 1832 to 1834; for two 
years following he was Mayor of 
the City of New York; in 1836 
President of the Electoral College 
for President ; and for twenty years 
he held the honorable position of 
President of the Bank of the State 
of New York. Among other posi- 
tions of trust and responsibility, 
which, with the above, have tended 
to give him a high reputation, 
may be mentioned the following: 
Director of the Branch Bank of the 
United States and the Bank of 
America, Trustee of the New York 
Life and Trust Company, and of 
numerous Fire and Marine Insur- 
ance Companies. In 1856 ill health 
compelled Mr. Lawrence to retire 
from the pursuits of active life, and 
he is spending the close of his life in 



Biographical Sketches. 



291 



peace, on the spot where his ances- 
tors have resided for two hundred 
years. 

LAWRENCE, JOHN W. 

He was born in New York ; served 
two years in the Assembly of that 
State, from Queens County; and 
was a Representative in Congress 
from 1845 to 1847. 

LAWRENCE, JOSEPH. 

He was a native of Pennsylvania, 
and born in 1188; he served for 
nine years in the State Legislature, 
one year as State Treasurer, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1825 to 
1829, and again from 1841 to the 
time of his death, which occurred 
in Washington, District of Colum- 
bia, April 11, 1842. 

LAWRENCE, SAMUEL. 

He was born in New York ; 
served seven years in the Assembly 
of that State, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from the same, 
from 1823 to 1825. 

LAWRENCE, SIDNEY, 

He was born in Yermont, but re- 
moved to New York, and was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1847 to 1849. 

LAWRENCE, WILLIAM. 

Born in Washington, Guernsey 
County, Ohio, September 2, 1814; 
graduated at Jefferson College, 
Pennsylvania, in September, 1835; 
engaged in mercantile and agricul- 
tural pursuits; and served in the 



Ohio Legislature in 1843. He was 
a Presidential Elector in 1848, a 
member of the Constitutional Con- 
vention of Ohio in 1850-51, State 
Senator in 1856-57, and elected a 
Representative to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, officiating as Chairman 
of the Committee on Expenditures 
in the State Department. 

LAWRENCE, WILLIAM T. 

Born in New York City, May 7, 
1788 ; he was bred a merchant, and 
continued such until called into 
the service of the United States, in 
the war of 1812, as a militia cap- 
tain of artillery. In 1823 he re- 
moved to Cayuga, New York, and 
located on a farm, where he con- 
tinues to reside. In 1838 he was 
chosen County Judge, and from 
1847 to 1849, he was a Represen- 
tative in Congress; he also served 
as delegate to several nominating 
conventions. 

LAWYER, THOMAS. 
He was a member of the New 
York Assembly, from Schoharie 
County, in 1816, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1817 to 1819. 

LAY, GEORGE W. 

He was born in New York, was 
a member of the New York Assem- 
bly, from Genesee County, in 1840, 
having been a Representative in 
Congress, from 1833 to 1837. 

LEA, LUKE. 

He was born in Surry County, 
North Carolina, January 26, 1782; 



292 



Biographical Sketches. 



removed at an early day witli his 
father to Tennessee, where he was 
for several years Clei'k of the House 
of E-epresentatives ; he served gal- 
lantly in Florida and in the Creek 
country, under General Jackson, in 
the Indian wars. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1833 to 
183T, and for thirty years dis- 
charged the duties of cashier of 
the State Bank, and Register of 
the State L^nd-office of Tennessee. 
In 1849 he was appointed, by Pre- 
sident Taylor, Indian Agent of the 
Fort Leavenworth Agency, and was 
highly esteemed by the Indians 
under his charge. He was return- 
ing to his residence, after making 
the Indian payments of his agency, 
when he was killed by a fall from 
his horse, June 11, 1851. 

LEA, PRYOR, 

Born in Knox County, Tennessee, 
in 1194 was educated at Greenville 
College ; studied law, as a profes- 
sion ; and was admitted to the bar 
in 181T. He served with General 
Jackson in the Creek war, in 1813 ; 
was Clerk to the Legislature in 
1816 ; United States District At- 
torney in 1824; and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 182t to 
1831. In 183t he removed to 
Jackson, Mississippi, and in 1841 
to Goliad, Texas, where he now re- 
sides. He projected the work 
called the " Central Transit," for 
building a railroad from Arkansas 
Bay to Mazatlan, and is President 
of the Company. 



LEACH, DE WITT C. 

Born in Clarence, Erie County, 
New York, November 23, 1822. 
He was self-educated ; bred a farm- 
er ; chosen a member of the Michi- 
gan Legislature in 1849 and 1850; 
and a member of the Convention to 
revise the State Constitution, in 
1850 ; he was also State Librarian 
in 1855 and 1856; and was elected 
a Representative to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, from Michigan, and is a 
member of the Committee on Re- 
visal and Unfinished Business. 

LEADBETTER, D. P. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and having removed to Ohio, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1831 to 1841. 

LEAKE, SHELTON F. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1845 to 1841. 

LEAKE, WALTER. 

He was a soldier in the revolu- 
tionary war; in 1821 was elected 
Governor of Mississippi, having 
previously served as Senator of the 
United States, from 1811 to 1820. 
He died at Mount Salus, Hines 
County, Mississippi, November 11, 
1825. 

LEARNED, AMASA. 

Born in Killingly, Connecticut, 
November 15, 1150, and died at 
New London, May 4, 1825. He 
graduated at Yale College in 1112; 



Biographical Sketches. 



293 



studied divinity, but preached for 
only a short time ; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Con- 
necticut, from 1801 to 1805. He 
had been a member of the Conven- 
tion which ratified the Constitution 
of the U-nited States; in 1818 was 
a member of the Connecticut Con- 
stitutional Convention ; and after- 
wards, frequently sat in the Assem- 
bly of his native State. 

LEAVITT, HUMPHREY H. 

He was born in Suffield, Con- 
necticut, in June, 1196 ; removed 
at an early day with his father to 
the Western Reserve of Ohio ; re- 
ceived an academical education ; 
and adopted the profession of the 
law, having been admitted to the 
bar in 1816; and he was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1831 to 
1834. He also served in the State 
Legislature, in the House in 1825 
and 1826, and in the Senate in 
1827; and he has for many years 
been Judge of the District Court 
of Ohio, having been appointed in 
1834, by President Jackson. 

LECOMPTE, JOSEPH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1825 to 
1833. 

LEE, GIDEON. 

He was born in Amherst, Massa- 
chusetts, in 1111; in early life re- 
moved to the City of New York, 
where he became a leather mer- 
chant, and amassed a large fortune. 
He was at one time Mayor of New 



York, a Presidential Elector, and a 
member of Congress during the 
years 1836 and 1837. He died at 
Geneva, New York, August 21, 
1841. 

LEE, HENRY. 

Born in Virginia, January 29, 
1756, and graduated at Princeton 
College in 1773. In 1776 he was 
appointed a captain of cavalry, un- 
der Colonel Bland, and in Septem- 
ber, 1777, he joined the main army. 
His skill in discipline and gallant 
■bearing attracted the notice of 
Washington, and he was soon pro- 
moted to the rank of major, with 
the command of a separate corps 
of cavalry, and then advanced to 
the rank of lieutenant-colonel. 
From 1780 to the end of the war 
he served under Greene. The ser- 
vices of Lee's Legion in various 
actions were very important. He 
particularly distinguished himself 
in the battle of Guilford ; after- 
wards, he succeeded in captur- 
ing Fort Cornwallis, and other 
forts ; he was also conspicuous at 
Ninety-six, and at the Eutaw 
Springs. In 1786 he was appoint- 
ed a Delegate in Congress, from 
Virginia, in which body he remained 
till the Constitution was adopted, 
having in the Convention of Virgi- 
nia advocated its adoption. In 
1791 he was chosen Governor of 
Virginia, and remained in office 
three years. By appointment of 
Washington, he commanded the 
forces sent to suppress the Whisky 
Insurrection in Pennsylvania. He 



294 



Biographical Sketches. 



was a member of Congress at the 
period of Washington's death, in 
1799, and was appointed, by Con- 
gress, to deliver a eulogy on the 
occasion. He it was who first ut- 
tered the memorable saying in re- 
gard to Washington — "First in 
peace, first in war, and first in the 
hearts of his countrymen." In 1801 
he retired to private life, and in 
his last years he was distressed with 
pecuniary embarrassments ; while 
confined in 1809 within the bounds 
of Spottsylvania County, for debt, 
he wrote his valuable " Memoirs of 
the Southern Campaigns." In 
1814, during the mob at Baltimore, 
he was one of the defenders, and 
was severely wounded, and carried 
to the jail for safety. Returning 
from the West Indies, where he 
had gone for health, he died at 
Cumberland Island, near St. Mary's, 
Georgia, March 25, 1818. 

LEE, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1823 to 
1825. 

LEE, JOSHUA. 

He was born in New York, and 
served three years in the Legisla- 
ture of that State, from Ontario 
and Yates Counties, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1835 to 1837. 

LEE, RICHARD HENRY. 

Was born in Stratford, West- 
moreland County, Virginia, Janu- 
ary 20, 1732, and was educated at 
Wakefield, Yorkshire, England. He 



had a seat in the House of Bur- 
gesses of Virginia, in 1757, and 
proposed there, in 1773, the for- 
mation of a committee of corre- 
spondence. He had the honor of 
originating the first resistance to 
British oppression, in the time of 
the Stamp Act, in 1765. He was 
a member of the First Congress in 
1774, and in October, prepared the 
draft of the memorial to the people 
of British America. In accordance 
with instructions from the Virginia 
Convention, he first proposed in 
Congress a declaration of indepen- 
dence, June 7, 1776, and a com- 
mittee was appointed to prepare it. 
The second eloquent address to the 
people of Great Britain was drawn 
up by him ; and after the adoption 
of the articles of the Confederation, 
he withdrew from Congress, but 
was re-elected in 1784, and chosen 
President of that body, serving till 
1787. He contended for the neces- 
sity of amendments to the Constitu- 
tion previously to its adoption in 
1789 ; and was a Senator, from 
Virginia, from 1789 to 1792. He 
was the author of a number of poli- 
tical pamphlets, and his corres- 
pondence was published in 1825. 
He died at Chantilly, Westmore- 
land County, Virginia, June 9, 
1794. 

LEE, SILAS. 

He graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity in 1784 ; was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Massachu- 
setts, from 1799 to 1801; he was 
appointed, by President Adams, 



Biographical Sketches. 



295 



United States District Attorney for 
Maine ; and died in 1814. 

LEE, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1833 
to 1837 ; and died at Port Eliza- 
beth, November 2, 1855. 

LEE, THOMAS BLAND. 

He was a native of Virginia, and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1189 to 1195, having previously 
served in the Continental Congress, 
and died in 182*7. 

LEET, ISAAC. 

Born in Pennsylvania in 1802; 
was for several years in the Senate 
of that State ; a Representative in 
Congress, from 1829 to 1831 ; and 
died at Washington, Pennsylvania, 
June 10, 1844. 

LEFEVRE, JOSEPH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1811 
to 1813. 

LEFFERETS, JOHN. ' 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1813 
to 1815 ; a member of the State 
Constitutional Convention of 1821 ; 
and a State Senator, from 1822 to 
1825. 

LEFFLER, ISAAC. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1821 to 
1829. 



LEFFLER, SHEPHERD. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Iowa, from 1846 to 
1851. 

LEFTWICH, JABEZ. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1821 to 
1825. 

LEG ARE, HUGH SUMPTER. 

He was born at Charleston, South 
Carolina, January 2, 1191; gra- 
duated at the College of that State, 
in 1814, and after having studied 
law, went to Europe, where he re- 
mained until 1820, occupied with 
the pursuits of literature. On his 
return to Charleston, he devoted 
himself to the practice of his pro- 
fession and to agricultural pursuits. 
In 1830, he was appointed Attorney- 
General of the State, and was the 
principal editor of the Southern Re- 
view. In 1832 he was appointed 
Charge d'Affaires of the United 
States to Belgium; from 1831 to 
1839 was a Representative of his na- 
tive State, in Congress ; and in 1841 
was appointed Attorney-General 
of the United States, by President 
Tyler, and also Acting Secretary 
of State. He died, suddenly, at 
Boston, June 16, 1843, while ac- 
companying the President in his 
journey to attend the Bunker Hill 
Celebration, His fine taste as a 
writer, his eminent acquirements as 
a scholar, and his learning and elo- 
quence as a lawyer, were known 
and appreciated throughout the 



296 



Biographical Sketches. 



Union. His writings were collected 
and published in 1846. 

LEIB, MICHAEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1199 to 1806, and a Senator of the 
United States from 1808 to 1814, 
and in the latter year, he was ap- 
pointed Postmaster at Philadel- 
phia, 

LEIB, OAVEN D. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1845 
to 1847. 

LEIDY, PAUL. 

Born in Hemlock, Columbia 
County, Pennsylvania, November 
21, 1813. He was educated at a 
common school; the early part of 
his life was devoted to agricultural 
pursuits ; from the age of sixteen 
to twenty-four he followed the bu- 
siness of a tailor ; and having 
studied law and taught school at 
the same time, has practiced the 
profession for about sixteen years. 
He was for five years District At- 
torney for Montour County ; for 
a short time Superintendent of 
Common Schools, for the same 
county; and was elected a Repre- 
sentative to the Thirty -fifth Con- 
gress, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Roads and Canals. 

LEIGH, BENJAMIN WATKINS. 

Born in Virginia in 1182, and 
died at Richmond, February 2, 
1849. He was one of the most 



eminent men of his State, well 
known as a lawyer and public man. 
From 1829 to 1841 he was Re- 
porter of the State ; frequently a 
member of the House of Delegates ; 
a member of the Convention of 
. 1830, for revising the State Con- 
stitution ; and a Senator in Con- 
gress, from 1834 to 1831. 

LEIPER, GEORGE G. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 
to 1831. 

LEITER, BENJAMIN F. 

Born in Leitersburg, Washington 
County, Maryland, October 18, 
1813. He was chiefly educated by 
his father ; taught school in Mary- 
land, from 1830 to 1834; removed 
to Ohio and taught there until 
1842, after which he was admitted 
to the bar and devoted himself to 
the practice of law, in which he was 
successful ; he was elected to the 
Ohio Legislature, in 1848, and was 
chosen temporary Chairman, by the 
Democrats, acting as such through- 
out the long contest of that year 
between his party and the Whigs, 
which is now spoken of in Ohio as 
the "days of the revolution;" in 
1849 he was re-elected, and chosen 
Speaker; and in 1854 he . was 
elected to Congress, and re-elected 
to each successive Congress, and is 
a member of the Committee on 
Indian Affairs. 

LENT, JAMES. 

He was a member of Congress, 
from New York, from 1829 to 



Biographical Sketches. 



297 



1833, and died in Washington, 
February 24, 1 833. He was Chair- 
man of the Committee on Expen- 
ditures in the Department of State. 

LEONARD, GEORGE. 

Born in Boston, in 1129 ; gra- 
duated at Harvard College in 1148 ; 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1189 to 1193, and from 1195 to 
1191; a man of unusual wealth; 
for his learning was made a Doctor 
of Laws"; and died at Eaynham, 
Massachusetts, July 26, 1819. His 
descendants are numerous, and 
many of them distinguished. 

LEONARD, MOSES G. 

He was born in Connecticut ; was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1843 to 1845, and 
was for several years, Commissioner 
of Emigration in the City of New 
York. 

LEONARD, STEPHEN B. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1835 to 1831, 
and again from 1839 to 1841. 

LETCHER, JOHN. 

Born in Lexington, Rockbridge 
County, Yirginia, March 29, 1813 ; 
he commenced his classical studies 
at Washington College, and com- 
pleted his education at Randolph 
Macon College ; adopted the pro- 
fession of law and was admitted to 
practice in 1839 ; during that year 
he established and for a time edited 
the Valley Star, in Lexington ; a 



member of the Convention for re- 
forming the Constitution of Virgi- 
nia in 1850 ; and was elected a Re- 
presentative in the Thirty-second, 
Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and 
Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving at 
present as a member of the Com- 
mittee of Ways and Means. He 
has recently been nominated by the 
Democracy of Virginia, as their 
candidate for Governor of that 
Commonwealth. 

LETCHER, ROBERT P. 

He was born in Gerard County, 
Kentucky ; received a good educa- 
tion, and adopted the profession of 
law. . He served a number of years 
in the State Legislature, and was 
at one time elected Speaker of the 
House ; was a Representative in 
Congress from 1823 to 1833 ; Go- 
vernor of Kentucky in 1840 ; and 
in 1849 was appointed Minister to 
Mexico, 

LEVIN, LEAVIS C. 

He was born in Charleston, South 
Carolina, November 10, 1808 ; re- 
ceived a liberal education, having 
graduated at Columbia College, 
South Carolina; adopted the profes- 
sion of law, and practiced the same in 
Maryland, Louisiana, Kentucky and 
Pennsylvania ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1845 to 1841, and 
again from 1841 to 1851, generally 
serving on the Committee on Naval 
Affairs. To him is generally award- 
ed the credit of having founded, in 
1843, the Native American party. 



298 



Biographical Sketches. 



LEWIS, ABNER. 

He was born in ISTew York ; was 
a member of the Assembly of that 
State, from Chautauque County in 
1838 and 1839, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1845 to 184Y. 

LEWIS, DIXON H. 

Born in Dinwiddle County, Yir- 
ginia, in 1802, and was educated at 
the South Carolina College. He 
studied law, removed to Alaba- 
ma, and became eminent in his pro- 
fession. He was an able and amia- 
ble man, and physically very large 
and fleshy ; and the story is related 
of him, that when returning from 
home on one of the Southern steam- 
ers, which was wrecked, he refused 
to take a seat in a small boat, be- 
cause the lives of several persons 
would thereby be jeopardized, and 
though for a time he was in great 
danger, he was rescued. He Repre- 
sented Alabama in Congress, from 
1829 to 1843, and from 1844 until 
his death was a Senator in Con- 
gress. Died in New York, October 
25, 1848. 

LEWIS, JOSEPH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, fr^m Virginia, from 1803 to 
180Y. 

LEWI^ WILLIAM J. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yitginia, from 1811 to 
1819. 



LIGON, THOMAS W. 

He was born in Prince Edward 
County, Yirginia, placed at an ear- 
ly age at Hampden Sydney Col- 
lege, but finished his education at 
the University of Yirginia. He 
studied law, and after spending a 
year and a half at the Yale Law 
School, settled in Baltimore. He 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Maryland, from 1845 to 1849, 
having been re-elected for a second 
term ; and was elected in 1854 Go- 
vernor of that State. 

LILLY, SAMUEL. 

He was born in New York, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1858 
to 1855. 

LINCOLN, ABRAHAM. 

•He was born in Hardin County, 
Kentucky, February 12, 1809 ; re- 
ceived a limited education ; adopted 
the profession of law ; was a cap- 
tain of volunteers in the Black 
Hawk war ; at one time Postmas- 
ter of a small village ; four times 
elected to the Illinois Legislature ; 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from Illinois, from 1841 to 1849. 

LINCOLN, ENOCH. 

Born in Worcester, Massachu- 
setts, December 28, 1188 ; and after 
studying law, settled in Fryeburg, 
Maine, and afterwards removed to 
Paris. He was a member of the 
United States House of Represen- 
tatives, from 1818 to 1826, when 
he was elected Governor of Maine, 



Biographical Sketches. 



299 



and re-elected in 1828. He pub- 
lished, while at Fryeburg, a poem, 
entitled "The Tillage ;" he was 
also the author of some historical 
recollections of Maine. He died 
at Augusta, October 8, 1829. 

LINCOLN, LEVI. 

A native of Massachusetts ; gra- 
duated at Harvard College in 1*772 ; 
and settled as a lawyer in Worces- 
ter, where he rose to distinction ; 
he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1*199 to 1801, and dur- 
ing the administration of President 
Adams, he wrote a series of politi- 
cal papers, called "Farmer's Let- 
ters." In 1801 he was appointed 
Attorney- General of the United 
States, and acted as Secretary of 
State, until Mr. Madison reached 
Washington; and in 180t was 
Lieutenant-Governor of Massachu- 
setts; acting as Governor in 1809, 
after the death of Governor Sul- 
livan. In 1811 he was Associate 
Judge of the Supreme Court. He 
died at Worcester, Massachusetts, 
April 14, 1820, aged seventy-one 
years. 

LINCOLN, LEVI. 

He was born in Massachusetts; 
was Governor of that State, from 
1825 to 1834; and from 1834 to 
1841 was a Representative in Con- 
gress. He also served a number 
of years in the Legislature of that 
State. 

LINDLEY, JAMES J. 

Born at Mansfield, Ohio, January 
1, 1822; went with his parents to 



Kentucky when a boy, and lived at 
Cynthiana several years ; was a 
student in Wo odville College, Ohio, 
for two years ; studied law, and 
located at Monticello, Missouri, in 
1846. In 1848 he was elected Cir- 
cuit Attorney for eight counties, 
and re-elected in 1852. He was a 
Representative in the Thirty-third 
Congress, and was re-elected to the 
Thirty-fourth. He afterwards re- 
moved to Davenport, Iowa, and 
engaged in the practice of his pro- 
fession. 

LINDSLEY, WILLIAM D. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
having removed to Ohio, was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

LINN, ARCHIBALD L. 

He was born in New York, was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1841 to 1843, and 
was a member of the State Assem- 
bly, from Schenectady, in 1844, 

LINN, JAMES. 

He graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1169, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from New Jer- 
sey, from 1799 to 1801, when he 
was appointed by President Adams 
Supervisor of the Revenue. 

LINN, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, of which 
State he was a native, from 1817 to 
1821. 



300 



Biographical Sketches. 



LINN, LEWIS F. 

Born near Louisville, Kentucky, 
November 5, 1195 He was edu- 
cated chiefly by an elder brother, 
and studied medicine. In 1809 he 
removed to Missouri ; and in 1814 
helped to fight the battles of his 
country; after successfully practic- 
ing his profession, he was elected to 
the State Legislature in 182Y ; and 
in 1833 was elected a Senator in 
Congress, in which capacity he 
served until his death, which oc- 
curred at St. Genevieve, Missouri, 
October 3, 1843. He proved him- 
self to be a man of remarkable 
abilities, identified himself through- 
out his whole career in Congress 
with the interests of the valley of 
the Mississippi, and when he died, 
many of the best men in the coun- 
try eulogized him for his manifold 
virtues. 

LITCHFIELD, ELISHA. 

He was born in New York ; 
served five years in the State Legis- 
lature, from Onondaga County ; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1821 
to 1823, and again from 18'23 to 
1825. 

LITTLE, EDWARD P. 

He was bom in Massachusetts, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1842 
to 1853. 

LITTLE, PETER, 

He was born in Petersburg, Penn- 
sylvania ; removed to Maryland ; 



and was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1811 to 1813, and was in the latter 
year appointed, by President Madi- 
son, colonel of infantry ; and again 
a Representative in Congress from 
1816 to 1829. 

LITTLEFIELD, NATHANIEL S. 

Born in Wells, York County, 
Maine, September 20, 1804; re- 
ceived a common school education ; 
studied and adopted the profession 
of law ; was a member of the Maine 
Senate in 1837, 1838, and 1839; 
President of the same a part of the 
time ; a Representative, from Maine, 
of the Twenty-seventh and Thirty- 
first Congresses ; and a member of 
the Maine House of Representatives 
in 1854. Now devoted to his pro- 
fession. 

LIVERMORE, ARTHUR. 

Born in Londonderry, New Hamp- 
shire, July 26, 1176. He was a 
Judge of the Supreme Court of 
New Hampshire from 1799 to 1816 ; 
from 1825 to 1833 Judge of the 
Common Pleas ; and a Representa- 
tive in Congress from 1817 to 1821, 
and from 1823 to 1825. He died 
at Campton, New Hampshire, July 
1, 1853. 

LIVERMORE, EDWARD S. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1807 to 1811. 

LIVERMORE, SAMUEL. 

Born in Waltham, New Hamp- 
shire, in 1732; graduated at Prince- 



Biographical Sketches. 



301 



ton College in 1752; was Judge- 
Advocate of the Admiralty before 
the Revolution ; subsequently Judge 
of tlie Superior Court of 'New 
Hampshire ; and a Senator in Con- 
gress, from 1Y93 to 1801. He died 
at Holderness, May, 1803. 

LIVINGSTON, EDWARD. 

Born at Claremont, Livingston 
Manor, New York, in 1764; gra- 
duated at Princeton College in 
1181 ; studied law, and was admit- 
ted to the bar in 1785, and pursued 
his profession till 1795, when he was 
elected a Representative to Con- 
gress, from New York City, serving 
until 1802. He was then appointed 
TJnited States Attorney for the Dis- 
trict of New York, and was also 
mayor of the city. Removing to 
New Orleans in 1804 he became 
eminent there as a lawyer ; at the 
invasion of Louisiana he acted as 
the aid to General Jackson ; and 
was elected a Representative, of 
Louisiana, in Congress, from 1823 
to 1829, and as a Senator of the 
United States from 1829 to 1831, 
when he was appointed, by Presi- 
dent Jackson, Secretary of State, 
and in 1833 Minister to France. 
His " Penal Code" is considered a 
monnment of his profound learning. 
He died at Rhinebeck, May 23, 
1836. 

LIVINGSTON, HENRY WALTER. 

Was born in 1764 ; graduated at 
Yale College in 1786, and was 
educated to the law ; he was secre- 
tary, in 1792, to Mr. Morris, Am- 



bassador to France ; a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1803 to 1807. He died at 
Livingston Manor, New York, De- 
cember 22, 1810, aged forty-two. 

LIVINGSTON, ROBERT LE ROY. 

He was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from the Sixth Con- 
gressional District of New York, 
from 1809 to 1813, but resigned in 
1812, when he was succeeded by T. 
P. Grosvenor; he was then ap- 
pointed, by President Madison, lieu- 
tenant-colonel of infantry. 

LLOYD, EDWARD. 

He was at one time Governor of 
Maryland ; a member of Congress 
from 1806 to 1809; and served as 
United States Senator, from Mary- 
land, from 1819 to 1826. He was 
highly respected, both in public and 
private life. He died June 2, 1834. 

LLOYD, JAMES. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Maryland, from 1797 to 1800. 

LLOYD, .JAMES. 

He was born in Boston, Massa- 
chusetts, in 1769 ; graduated at 
Harvard University in 1787; and 
devoted himself to mercantile pur- 
suits, and resided in Russia a num- 
ber of years. He devoted some 
attention to literature ; was elected 
a member of the American Acade- 
my of Arts and Sciences ; and re- 
ceived from his Alma Hater, in 
1826, the degree of Doctor of Laws. 
He was a Senator in Congress, 



302 



Biographical Sketches. 



from Massachusetts, from 1808 to 
1813, and again from 1822 to 1826, 
serving as Chairman of the Com- 
mittees on Commerce and Naval 
Affairs. His reputation was that 
of an able statesman and a wealthy 
and benevolent man. He died in 
New York City, April 5, 1831. 

LOCKE, FRANCIS. 

Born in Rowan County, North 
Carolina, October 31, 1T66. He 
was elected Judge of the Superior 
Court in 1803, and, having resigned, 
was chosen a Senator in Congress, 
for the years 1814 and 1815. Died 
January, 1823. 

LOCKE, JOHN. 
He was born in Hopkinton, Mas- 
sachusetts, in 1764; graduated at 
Cambridge in 1192; was admitted 
to the bar in 1196, and opened an 
office in Ashby. He represented 
that town, in the Legislature, in 
1804, 1805, 1813, and 1823. In 
1820 he was a member of the Con- 
stitutional Convention of the State ; 
and from 1823 to 1829 was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from the 
Worcester North District. In 1830 
he was State Senator, from Middle- 
sex County; and in 1831 was a 
member of the Executive Council. 
He removed to Lowell in 1831, and 
thence, in 1849, to Boston, where 
he died March 29, 1855. 

LOCKE, MATTHEW. 

Born in Rowan County, North 
Carolina, in 1130, and died in 1801. 



He was a member of the Congress 
at Halifax, in 1116, which formed 
the Constitution of North Carolina, 
and was a Representative irr the 
Congress of the United States, from 
1193 to 1199. He also served in 
the Legislature, and had four sons, 
at one time, in the revolutionary 
war. 

LOCKHART, JAMES. 

He was born in New York, but 
removed to Indiana, and was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, 
from 1851 to 1853. 

LOGAN, GEORGE. 

Born at Stanton, near Philadel- 
phia, September 9, 1153. He was 
educated at Edinburg for the me- 
dical profession, but devoted a 
great portion of his time to agricul- 
ture ; and was a member of the- Le- 
gislature of Pennsylvania. In 1198 
he embarked for Europe for the sole 
purpose of preventing a war between 
America and Prance, and prepared 
the way for a negotiation which 
terminated in peace. He was a 
Senator of the United States, from 
1801 to 1801. He went to Eng- 
land, in February, 1810, on the 
same peaceful mission which led 
him to France, but not with the 
same success. He was an active 
member of the Philosophical Society 
and the State Board of Agriculture ; 
and in 1191 published "Experi- 
ments on Gypsum" and " Rotation 
of Crops." He died at Stanton, 
April 9, 1821. 



Biographical Sketches. 



303 



LOGAN, HENRY. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1835 
to 1839. 

LOGAN, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Harrodsburg, 
Kentucky, December 8, 1176 ; was 
a member of the State Constitu- 
tional Convention in 1199; studied 
law and practiced with success ; was 
frequently in the Legislature, and 
officiated as Speaker; was twice 
chosen Judge of the Court of Ap- 
peals ; was a Senator in Congress 
during the years 1819 and 1820; 
and died August 8, 1822. 

LONG, EDWARD H. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1845 to 1847. 

LONG, JOHN. 

Born in Randolph County, North 
Carolina ; was a farmer by profes- 
sion ; entered public life as a Se- 
nator in the Assembly in 1815, and 
in 1821 was elected to Congress as 
a Representative, from North Ca- 
rolina, where he remained until 1829. 

LONGFELLOW^ STEPHEN. 

He was born about the year 
1770; graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity in 1789; for many years 
a leading politician and lawyer in 
Maine; and a member of the 
Hartford Convention in 1814, of 
which body, at the time of his 



death, he was the only surviving 
delegate from Massachusetts. From 
1817 to 1836 he was a member of 
the Corporation of Bowdoin Col- 
lege, from which institution he re- 
ceived the degree of LL.D. He 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Maine, from 1823 to 1825, 
and died at Portland, August 2, 
1849. 

LOOMIS, A. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1837 to 

1838. 

LOOMIS, ARPHAXAD. 

He was for three years a member 
of the Legislature of New York, 
from Herkimer County, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1837 to 1839. 

LORD, FREDERICK W. 

Born in Lyme, Connecticut, De- 
cember 11, 1800; graduated at 
Yale College in 1821 ; was for two 
years Professor of Mathematics in 
Washington College ; had charge 
for three years of an academy in the 
City of Baltimore ; devoted himself, 
in Baltimore, for several years, to 
the study of medicine, and received 
a diploma from Yale College in 
1829; spent fifteen years in the 
practice of his profession at Sag 
Harbor, New York, when he re- 
tired; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 
1847 to 1849. He was also a dele- 
gate to the Baltimore National Con- 
vention for nominating a President, 
in 1840. 



304 



Biographical Sketches. 



LOVE, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1833 
to 1835. 

LOVE, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 180t to 
1811. 

LOVE, THOMAS C. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1835 
to 183Y. 

LOVE, WILLIAM C. 

Born in Virginia, educated at the 
University of North Carolina, of 
which his father was Steward ; was 
a lawyer by profession, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
North Carolina, from 1815 to 1817. 

LOVEJOY, OAVEN. 

He was born in Albion, Kenne- 
bec County, Maine, January 6, 
1811; labored on a farm until 
eighteen years of age ; taught 
school, and obtained the means for 
a college education, which he re- 
ceived at Bowdoin. He was a 
clergyman of the Congregational 
Church, at Princeton, Illinois, from 
1838 to 1854, and was elected a 
Representative in the Illinois Le- 
gislature in 1854, when he resigned 
his pastoral duties ; and in 1856 
was elected a Representative from 
that State to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, and re-elected to the Thirty- 
sixth. He is a member of the Com- 
mittee on Revolutionary Claims. 



LOVETT, JOHN. 

He graduated at Yale College, 
and was a member of the New York 
Assembly in 1800 and 1801, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1813 to 1814, and 
from 1815 to 18n. He died in 
1818. 

LOWELL, JOSHUA A. 

He was born in Thomaston, 
Maine, March 20, 1801 ; his edu- 
cational advantages were limited, 
but he commenced active life by 
teaching school ; he adopted the 
profession of law; was a member 
of the Maine Legislature in 1826, 
1831, and 1832, and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Maine, from 
1839 to 1843. 

LOWER, CHRISTIAN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1805 
to 1807. 

LOWNDES, THOMAS. 

He was born in Chai'leston, South 
Carolina, in 1765; received a 
thorough education, and was one of 
the chivalrous citizens of his native 
city. He was a Representative in 
Congress, from South Carolina, 
from 1801 to 1805, and was distin- 
guished for his talents. He died 
in Charleston, July 8, 1843. 

LOWNDES, WILLIAM. 

He was a native of Charleston, 
South Carolina, find was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1811 to 1822, when, 



Biographical Sketches. 



305 



from ill health, he resigned. In 1818 
he was Chairman of the Committee 
of Ways and Means. He died 
while on a voyage with his family 
from Philadelphia to London, in 
the ship Moss, October 21, 1822, 
aged forty-two. He had a memory 
of uncommon power, was an elo- 
quent debater, and stood in the first 
rank of American statesmen. 

LOWRIE, WALTER. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from New Jersey, from 1819 to 
1825. 

LOYALL, GEORGE. 

Born in Norfolk, Virginia, May 
29,1789; graduated at William 
and Mary College in 1808. In 
1815 he visited England, and on 
his return in 1817, was elected a 
member of the House of Delegates 
of Virginia, and served ten years. 
In 1829 was a member of the Con- 
vention to amend the State Consti- 
tution, and from 1831 to 1837 he 
was a Representative in Congress. 
In 1837 he was appointed Navy 
Agent at Norfolk, and with the ex- 
ception of two years, he has occu- 
pied that position ever since. 

LUCAS, EDWARD. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 1837. 

LUCAS, JOHN B. C. 

He was born in Normandy, 
France, in 1762 ; was educated at 
the University of Caen, where he 
20 



graduated as Doctor of Civil and 
Common Law in 1782. He prac- 
ticed his profession in his native 
country two years, and then emi- 
grated to the United States, and 
settled on a farm near Pittsbursr 
Pennsylvania, where, in connec- 
tion with agricultural pursuits, he 
devoted himself to acquiring the 
English language, and making him- 
self acquainted with the history, 
constitution, and laws of his adopt- 
ed country. He soon gained the 
confidence of the people, and in 
1792 was elected to the Legislature 
of Pennsylvania, and served as a 
Judge in the Court of Common 
Pleas, for his district. In 1802 he 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, and re-elected in 1804. 
In 1805 he was appointed, by Pre- 
sident Jefferson, Judge of the 
United States Court in Upper 
Louisiana, when he resigned his 
seat in Congress, and removed to 
St. Louis. He was also Commis- 
sioner of Land Titles in that Ter- 
ritory. He held the office of Judge 
until 1820, when he retired to pri- 
vate life, on a farm adjoining the 
City of St. Louis, where he died in 
September, 1842. 

LUCAS, WILLIAM. 
He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1839 to 1841, 
and for a second term, from 1843 
to 1845. 

LUMPKIN, JOHN H. 
He was born in Oglethoi-pe 
County, Georgia, June 13, 1812 ; 



306 



Biographical Sketches. 



he was educated at Franklin and 
Yale Colleges ; served for a time 
as secretary in the Executive De- 
partment of Georgia ; studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 
1834 ; was elected to the State Le- 
gislature in 1853; in 1838 he was 
Solicitor-General of the Cherokee 
Circuit ; and he was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Georgia, 
from 1843 to 1849, and re-elected 
to the Thirty-fourth Congress. He 
also held the office, for three years, 
of Judge of the Cherokee Circuit 
Court, and that of Judge of the 
Supreme Court of the State. 

LUMPKIN, WILSON. 

Born in Pittsylvania County, 
Yirginia, January 14, 1183. He 
received a common school educa- 
tion, and while engaged as a copy- 
ing clerk, in his father's office, 
studied law. Soon after attaining 
the age of twenty-one he was 
sent to the State Legislature, and 
continued in that capacity a num- 
ber of years. He was twice elected 
Governor of Georgia. In 1823 he 
was appointed, by President Mon- 
roe, to mark out the boundary line 
between Georgia and Florida ; and, 
by President Jackson, was ap- 
pointed a Commissioner, under the 
Cherokee treaty of 1835. He was 
also a member of the Board of 
Public Works. He served in the 
Federal House of Representatives, 
from 1815 to 181t, and from 1827 
to 1831 ; and was a Senator in 
Congress, from 1838 to 1841. 



LYLE, AARON. 

He was a Representative in 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1809 to 18n. 

LYMAN, J. S. 

He was born in Hampden, Mas- 
sachusetts, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New York, 
from 1819 to 1821. 

LYMAN, SAMUEL. 

He was a graduate of Yale Col- 
lege in IT 10 ; a Representative 
in Congress, from Massachusetts, 
from 1795 to 1800. Died in 1802. 

LYMAN, WILLIAM. 

A native of Northampton, Mas- 
sachusetts ; graduated at Yale 
College in 1776, and was brigadier- 
general of militia. He .was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1793 
to 1797 ; and appointed Consul to 
London in 1805, where he died, Oc- 
tober, 1811, aged about fifty-eight 
years. 

LYNDE, WILLIAM P. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Wisconsin, from 1848 
to 1849. 

LYON, ASA. 

Was a native of Connecticut ; a 
graduate of Darmouth College, in 
1790, and shortly after his gradua- 
tion removed to South Hero, Ver- 
mont. He was appointed Chief 
Judge of Grand Isle County, in 
1805, 1806, 1808, and 1813. He 
was elected a Representative, from 



Biographical Sketches. 



307 



South Hero, in 1802, 1804, 1805, 
1806, and 1808, and from Grand 
Isle, in 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, and 
1814. He was a member of the 
Executive Council, in 1808; and 
was elected a member of Congress, 
from 1815 to 1817. He was a 
member of the Corporation of the 
University of Vermont, from 1814 
to 1821, inclusive. He is said to 
have been a second cousin of Ro- 
bert Burns, the Scotch poet. He 
was for many years, and until his 
death, an able preacher of the gos- 
pel. Although never regularly in- 
stalled, he prefered the Calvinistic 
form of worship. He was distin- 
guished for his ripe scholarship and 
eloquence. By rigid economy and 
prudence, he amassed wealth, and 
died at South Hero, April 4, 1841. 
His published sermons and patriotic 
addresses indicate a high order of 
talent, and an intimate acquaintance 
with modern and classic literature. 

LYON, CALEB. 

He was born in Lyonsdale, Lewis 
County, New York, and liberally 
educated, and while devoting him- 
self to the quiet pursuits of litera- 
ture, was elected a Representative 
in the Thirty-third Congress, from 
New York ; and was subsequently 
elected for one term to each house 
of the State Legislature. By way 
of distinction he signs his name 
Caleb Lyon, of Lyonsdale. He 
has traveled extensively in the 
West and the East, and has re- 
cently devoted some attention to 
lecturing. 



LYON, CHITTENDEN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 182T 
to 1835, and died in Caldwell 
County, Kentucky, in November, 
1842. 

LYON, FRANCIS S. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
and having settled in Alabama, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1835 to 1839. 

LYON, LUCIUS. 

He was born in Vermont, but 
emigrated to Michigan when quite 
a young man ; devoted himself for 
a number of years to the business 
of surveying the wild lands of the 
Territory ; was a Delegate in Con- 
gress, from that Territory, during 
the years 1833, 1834 and 1835 ; and 
a Senator in Congress, from the 
State of Michigan, from 1836 to 
1840 ; and a Representative in 
Congress, from 1843 to 1845. His 
last public position was that of 
Surveyor-General in the North- 
west. Died at Detroit, September 
25, 1851. 

LYON, MATTHEW. 

He was born in Wicklow County, 
Ireland, in 1746, and having emi- 
grated to this country when thir- 
teen years of age, participated to 
some extent in the revolutionary 
struggle, having in 1777 been ap- 
pointed temporary Paymaster of 
the Northern army, and in 1778 
Deputy Secretary of the Governor 
of Vermont, and at the same time 



30^ 



Biographical Sketches. 



Clerk of the Court of Confiscation. 
He settled in Yermont after the 
war, and was elected a member of 
the State Legislature, in 1799 and 
the three following years. In 1*783 
he founded the town of Fairhaven, 
where he built saw-mills, grist-mills, 
established a forge or irOn foundry, 
manufactured paper from bass- 
wood, and established a newspaper, 
called The Farmers' Library. 
He served that town in the Legis- 
lature ten years. In 1*186 he was 
Assistant Judge of Rutland Coun- 
ty. He was a Representative in 
Congress, from Vermont, from 
1199 to 1801, and it was during 
his first term that he had a personal 
difficulty, on the floor of Congress, 
with Roger Griswold, of Connecti- 
cut, when an unsuccessfal effort was 
made to have him expelled. The 
fact of his giving the vote that 
made Jefferson President, is well 
known. At the end of his second 
term as a Representative, from 
Yermont, he removed to Kentucky, 
served two years in the Legislature 
of that State, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1803 to 1811. After his 
final retirement from Congress, 
and on November 13, 1811, the 
Speaker of the House of Repre- 
sentatives presented a petition from 
him, setting forth that he had, 
many years before, been prosecuted 
and convicted under the sedition 
law, (see " State Trials of the Uni- 
ted States,") that he had suffered 
imprisonment, and been made to 
pay the sum of $1060 90, and that 



he wished to have the money 
refunded to him. On July 4, 
1840, a law was passed, pay- 
ing to his heirs the specified sum, 
with interest from February, 1*199. 
It was while in prison at Yergennes, 
that he was elected to Congress, 
from Yermont, and at the close of 
his services in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, he was employed to build 
gun-boats for the war, but became 
bankrupt from the speculation. In 
1820 he was appointed a Factor 
among the Cherokee Indians in 
Arkansas ; when that Territory was 
organized, he was elected the first 
Delegate to Congress, but did not 
live to take his seat, having died at 
Spadra Bluff, Arkansas, August 1, 
1822. 

LYTLE, ROBERT T. 

He was distinguished as a public 
speaker, and was a member of Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1833 to 
1835. He died in New Orleans, 
December 21, 1839. 

MACE, DANIEL. 

Was a native of Ross County, 
Ohio ; he commenced life as a mer- 
chant, in Warren County, Indiana, 
but subsequently became a success- 
ful lawyer. He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Indiana, 
from 1851 to 1855. 

MACHIR, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 1*19*1 to 
1799. 



Biographical Sketches. 



309 



MACLAY, SAMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1*795 to 1*798, and a Senator in 
Congress, from 1803 to 1808. 

MACLAY, WILLIAM. 
He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1789 to 
1791, and died in April, 1804. 

MACLAY, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815 
to 1817, andagainfrom 1817 to 1819. 

MACLAY, WILLIAM B. 
Born in 'New York City in 1815 ; 
graduated at the University of New 
York, where he subsequently offi- 
ciated for a time as Professor of 
Latin ; he was also a Trustee, as 
well as Secretary of the University ; 
he adopted the profession of the 
law; and in 1836 he was associate 
editor of the New York Quarteidy 
Ilagazhie. He was also an active 
member of the Legislature of New 
York for several years, and was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, in 1 843 ; was 
re-elected in 1845, 1847, and also 
in 1857, serving generally on import- 
ant committees. He has recently 
been re-elected a Representative in 
the Thirty-sixth Congress, which 
will make his fifth term. 

MACLAY, AVILLIAM P. 
He was born in Northumberland 
County, Pennsylvania, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1816 to 1821. 



MACON, NATHANIEL. 

He was born in Warren County, 
North Carolina, in 1757. His 
early youth was marked by diligence 
in the acquisition of knowledge, 
and he was sent to Princeton Col- 
lege to complete his education ; but 
the troubles of the Revolution 
closed the halls of that institution, 
and he returned home and volun- 
teered as a private in a company 
commanded by his brother, having 
refused a higher position. While 
in the army, he was elected a mem- 
ber of the General Assembly, in 
which he served for several years. 
In 1791 he was elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, and continued a 
member of that body until trans- 
ferred to the United States Senate, 
in 1815, where he served until 1828. 
From 1801 to 1805 he was Speaker 
of the House, and from 1.825 to 
1828 he was President pro fern. 
of the Senate. He was for thirty- 
seven years a member of the 
House or Senate, and was called 
the Father of the House, having 
served a longer time in that body 
than any other man. In 1828 his 
native State, in honor of his ser- 
vices, named a county for him. He 
afterwards returned to the General 
Assembly, and in 1835 was Presi- 
dent of the Constitutional Conven- 
tion of the State. He died sud- 
denly, at his residence, June 29, 
1837. 

MACY, JOHN B. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Wisconsin, from 1853 



510 



Biographical Sketches. 



to 1855. He resided at Foud du 
Lac, and was lost, September 24, 
by the burning of the steamboat 
Niagara, on Lake Michigan. 

MADISON, JAMES. 

He was born on the Rappahan- 
nock River, in Virginia, March 1 6, 
1*751 ; and after due preparation he 
entered Princeton College in 1169, 
and graduated in 1111, going 
through the junior and senior stu- 
dies in one year. He remained at 
the College until 1112, for the pur- 
pose of studying Hebrew. In 1116 
he was sent to the General Assem- 
bly, and in 1118 was a member of 
the Executive Council ; from 1119 
to 1185 he v^^as a member of the 
Continental Congress, and was 
chosen a second time in 1186; in 
1189 he was a member of the Con- 
vention at Philadelphia which 
formed the Federal Constitution, 
and he was a Representative in 
Congress, under the Constitution, 
from 1189 to 1191. In 1198 he 
went again into the Assembly, and 
in 1800 was an Elector for Presi- 
dent. In 1801 he was Secretary 
of State of the United States, which 
office he held until 1809, when he 
was elected President of the Uni- 
ted States, and served two entire 
terms. After leaving the Executive 
chair, he retired to private life on 
his estate, known as Montpelier. 
He was subsequently a Visitor and 
Rector of the University of Virgi- 
nia; and in 1829 a member of the 
State Convention, which was the 
last public position he held. He 
was one of the contributors to the 



Federalist, and his collected State 
papers and miscellaneous writings 
have been published in six volumes. 
He died at Montpelier, Orange 
County, Virginia, June 28, 1836. 

MAGEE, JOHN. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1821 to 1831. 

MAGRUDER, ALLAN B. 

A native of Kentucky, and a law- 
yer by profession. He removed to 
Louisiana, and in 1805 published 
"Reflections on the Cession of 
Louisiana to the United States;" 
and was a Senator in Congress, 
from that State, from 1812 to 1813. 
He had collected materials for a 
general history of the Indians. He 
died at Opelousas, Louisiana, in 
April, 1822. 

MAGRUDER, PATRICK. 

He was born in Montgomery 
County, Maryland, in 1168; edu- 
cated at Princeton College ; adopt- 
ed the profession of law; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Maryland, from 1805 to 1801 ; and 
was Clerk of the United States 
House of Representatives, from 
1801 to 1815. He died in Peters- 
burg, Virginia, in 1819 or 1820. 

MALBONE, FRANCIS. 
He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Rhode Island, in 1809, having 
previously been a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1193 to 1191. He died June 4, 
1809. 



Biographical Sketches. 



311 



MALLARY, ROLLIN C. 

He was born in I^ew Haven, Con- 
necticut, in 1184, and died in Balti- 
more, April 16, 1831. He repre- 
sented the State of Vermont in 
Congress, from 1819 to 1831, and 
took an active part in all matters 
appertaining to commerce as chair- 
man of an important committee. He 
was held in the highest estimation 
both for his public acts and private 
virtues. 

MALLORY, FRANCIS. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1837 to 1839, 
and again from 1841 to 1843. 

MALLORY, MEREDITH. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1839 to 1841. 

MALLORY, S. R. 

He is a Senator in Congress, from 
Florida, having been elected in 1851, 
serving continuously, by re-election, 
to the present time. He is Chair- 
man of the Committee on Naval 
Affairs, and a member of the Com- 
mittee on Claims. 

MANGUM, WILIE P. 

Born in Orange County, North 
Carolina, in 1792, and graduated at 
the university of that State in 1815. 
He studied law, rose to eminence 
in his profession, entered into poli- 
tics, and was elected to the House 
of Commons, in 1818. In 1819 he 
was elected a Judge of the Superior 



Court; and from 1823 to 1826, 
served as a Representative in Con- 
gress. He was elected a United 
States Senator in 1831, re-elected 
in 1841, and for a third term in 
1848. In 1837 he received eleven 
electoral votes for President of the 
United States ; and during the ad- 
ministration of President Tyler was 
President of the United States Se- 
nate. He has of late years lived in 
retirement at his home in North 
Carolina. 

MANN, ABI.TAH, Jr. 

Born at Fairfield, Herkimer 
Coimty, New York, September 24, 
1793; he received a good common 
school education, and became a 
teacher in the district school in 
Oneida County; he was afterwards 
a merchant, postmaster, and justice 
of the peace ; and elected to the Le- 
gislature in 1827, serving by re- 
elections until 1830. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1833 to 1837, during which time he 
served on several committees, being 
once Chairman of the Committee on 
Rules and Orders of the House. In 
1837, on returning to his native 
county, he was again re-elected to 
the Legislature. He afterwards 
removed to New York City, and 
declined all official employments. 

MANN, HORACE. 

Born in Franklin, Massachusetts, 
May 4, 1796. He was, to some 
degree, self-educated, but gradua- 
ted at Brown University in 1819 ; 
he studied law at Litchfield, Con- 
necticut, and while Counselor-at- 



312 



Biographical Sketches. 



law, in Dedham, Massachusetts, was 
elected to the State Legislature. 
He removed to Boston in 1836, 
where he was elected to the State 
Senate, chosen President of the 
Massachusetts Board of Education, 
and elected a member of Congress, 
from 1848 to 1853. Since that 
time he has been devoted to mat- 
ters connected with education, hav- 
ing been appointed President of 
Antioch College and the North- 
western Christian University at In- 
dianapolis. 

MANN, JOB. 
He was born in Bethel Town- 
ship, Bedford County, Pennsylvania, 
March 31, 1*795 ; received a com- 
mon school education ; in 1816 was 
appointed clerk to a board of county 
commissioners ; two years after- 
wards he was appointed register, 
recorder, and clerk, for the courts 
of Bedford County, all of which po- 
sitions he continued to hold until 
1835, when he was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, where he 
served one term. In 1839 he "was 
admitted to the bar; in 1842 was 
appointed State Treasurer, which 
office he held for three terms ; and 
in 184*7 was again elected to Con- 
gress, where he served until 1851, 
declining a re-election. 

MANN, JOEL K. 
He was born in Pennsylvania, in 
1780, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1831 to 1835. He died in Mont- 
gomery County, Pennsylvania, in 
1857. 



MANNING, RICHARD L 

He was born in South Carolina ; 
graduated at the State College at 
Columbia in 1811 ; was frequently 
in the Upper and Lower House of 
the State Legislature ; was Govern- 
or of South Carolina for two years ; 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from 1834 to 1836 ; and died May 
1, 1836, at Philadelphia, before the 
expiration of his term, very suddenly, 
while seated at the table with his 
family. He was greatly respected 
for his talents and virtues, Mr. 
Preston and Mr. Pinckney both eulo- 
gizing him in Congress. 

MARBLE, JOHN PL 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1825 
to 1829. 

MARCHAND, ALBERT G. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1839 to 1843, and died at his resi- 
dence, in Greensburg, Pennsylva- 
nia, February 5, 1848. 

MARCHAND, DAVID. 

He was born in Westmoreland 
County, Pennsylvania, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 181*7 to 1821. 

MARCY, WILLIAM LARNED. 

He was born in Sturbridge, Wor- 
cester County, Massachusetts, in 
1786, and died in Ballston Spa, 
New York, July 4, 1857. He gra- 
duated at Brown University in 
1808 ; taught school for awhile in 



Biographical Sketches. 



313 



Newport, Rhode Island; studied 
law, and commenced practice in 
Troy, New York. He was ap- 
pointed Recorder of that City in 
1816; made Comptroller in 1823, 
and removed to Albany. In. 1829 
he was appointed Judge of the 
Supreme Court of the State. He 
was elected to the United States 
Senate in 1831, elected Governor 
of New York in 1832, and re-elect- 
ed in 1834. He was Secretary of. 
War, under President Polk, from 
1845 to 1849; and Secretary of 
State, under President Pierce, from 
1853 to 185t. He was a hard- 
working, careful, plain man, and a 
good scholar. As a statesman and 
diplomatist, he had the reputation 
of displaying both judgment and 
skill ; but his crowning virtue was 
his incorruptible integrity. 

MARDIS, SAMUEL W. 

Born in Alabama in 1801, and 
died at Talladega, in that State, 
November 14, 1837. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Alabama, from 1831 to 1835, and 
was much respected for his manly 
virtues. 

MARION, ROBERT. 

He was a native of South Caro- 
lina, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1805 to 
1810. 

MARKELL, HENRY. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1825 to 
1829. 



MARKELL, .lACOB. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1813 to 
1815. 

MARKLEY, THILIP S. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823 
to 1827, and was in the latter year 
appointed Naval Officer for the 
port of Philadelphia. 

MARKS, WILLIAM. 

Was a Senator in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1825 to 1831. 

MARR, ALEM. 

He graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1807 ; was a Representative 
in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1829 to 1831. 

MARR, GEORGE W. L. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1817 to 
1819. 

MARROAV, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 1805 to 
1809. 

MARSH, CHARLES. 

Born at Lebanon, Connecticut, 
July 10, 1765, but with his father's 
family removed to Yermont, before 
the Revolution. He graduated 
at Dartmouth College in 1786, stu- 
died law, and commenced practice 
at Woodstock, Yermont. • He was 
for fifty years devoted to his profes- 
sion, and for a long time at the head 



314 



Biographical Sketches. 



of the bar in the State. He served 
as a member of Congress, from 1815 
to 1817, and while in Washington 
became identified with the American 
Colonization Society as one of its 
founders. He acquired great popu- 
larity as a patron of benevolent so- 
cieties generally, and was a highly 
influential and useful citizen. Died 
at Woodstock, Vermont, January 
11, 1849. 

MARSH, GEORGE P. 

Born in Woodstock, Vermont, 
March 15, 1801 ; was educated at 
Dartmouth College, where he gra- 
duated in 1820. He afterwards re- 
moved to Burlington Vermont, 
where he commenced the study of 
the law ; and he has since made 
that place his home. After his ad- 
mission to the bar, he came into an 
extensive practice, and devoted 
much of his time to politics. He 
was a member of the State Legis- 
lature in 1835, and in 1842 he took 
his seat in the United States House 
of Representatives, which he conti- 
nued to occupy until he was sent as 
Besident-Minister to Turkey, in 
1849, by President Taylor. At this 
post he rendered essential service to 
the cause of civil and religious to- 
leration in the Turkish Empire. He 
was also charged with a special 
mission to Greece in 1852. He is 
well known as an author and a 
scholar. He has devoted much at- 
tention to the languages and litera- 
ture of the North of Europe, and 
his sympathies appear to be with 



the Goths, whose presence he traces 
in whatever is great and peculiar in 
the character of the founders of 
]S"ew England. In a work entitled 
"The Goths in New England," he 
has contrasted the Gothic and Bo- 
man characters, which he appears 
to regard as the great antagonistic 
principles of society at the present 
day. He is also the author of a 
grammar of the old Northern or 
Icelandic language, and of various 
essays, literary and historical, relat- 
ing to the Goths and their connec- 
tions with America. He is the au- 
thor of an interesting work on the 
camel, and his published addresses 
and speeches are quite numerous. 
Since his return from TuiKey he has 
been performing the duties of Com- 
missioner of Bailroads for the State 
of Vermont. His library is said to 
be one of the finest in this country, 
rich beyond compare, in Scandina- 
vian literature. 

MARSHALL, ALEXANDER K. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Bepresentative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1855 to 185Y. 

MARSHALL, ALFRED. 

He was a Bepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1841 to 
1843, and was a member of the 
Committee on the Militia. 

MARSHALL, EDWARD C. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Bepresentative in Congress, 
from California, from 1851 to 1853. 



Biographical Sketches. 



315 



MARSHALL, HUMPHREY. 

He was among the earliest pio- 
neers to Kentucky, having gone 
there in 1780 ; he was a member of 
the State Convention in 1187; 
served for many years in the State 
Legislature ; and was a Senator in 
Congress, from 1795 to 1801. He 
was the author of the first published 
History of Kentucky, and died at 
an advanced age. 

MARSHALL, HUMPHREY. 

Born at Frankfort, Kentucky, 
January 13, 1812. He graduated 
at the West Point Academy, but 
resigned his military commission of 
lieutenant, and studied law, which 
he practiced with success. During 
the ten years preceding the Mexi- 
can war, and while devoting himself 
to his profession in Louisville, he 
took an active part in the military 
affairs of the State, as captain, 
major, and lieutenant-colonel ; he 
served in the Mexican war as co- 
lonel of cavalry ; fighting at Buena 
Yista, and leading the charge of 
the Kentucky Volunteers ; in 1847, 
after declining several important 
nominations, he retired to a farm; 
he was elected to Congress, in 1849, 
as Representative, and re-elected in 
1851 ; he was appointed, by Pre- 
sident Fillmore, Commissioner to 
China, which was immediately raised 
to a first-class mission; in 1856 he 
was a member of the American Na- 
tional Council, held in New York, 
where he caused to be thrown off 
all secrecy in the politics of his 
party; and in 1857 he was re- 



elected to Congress, and is a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Military 
Affairs. 

MARSHALL, JOHN. 

He was born in Fauquier Coun- 
ty, Virginia, September 24, 1755, 
and was the eldest of fifteen children. 
He had some classical education in 
his youth, but his opportunities for 
learning were limited, and he never 
entered college, his father, Thomas 
Marshall, having been a poor man, 
but possessed of superior talents. 
At the commencement of the Ame- 
rican war, he espoused it with ardor ; 
in 1776 he was appointed lieutenant, 
and in 1777 promoted to the rank 
of captain. In 1780 he was ad- 
mitted to the bar, and in 1781 re- 
signed his commission, and entered 
upon the practice of his profession, 
soon rising to distinction. He was 
a member of the Virginia Conven- 
tion to ratify the Constitution of 
the United States, and as such pro- 
duced a deep impression by his 
logic and eloquence. He also en- 
tered the Legislature of Virginia, 
where he was a leader. President 
Washington invited him to become 
Attorney Ceneral, and offered him 
the mission to France, after Mr. 
Monroe's return, both of which 
honors he declined. President 
Adams appointed him an Envoy to 
France, with Pickering and Gerry, 
but they were not accredited, and 
he returned to the United States 
in 1798. He was a Representative 
in Congress in 1799; in 1800 he 
was appointed Secretary of War ; 
soon afterwards Secretary of State ; 



316 



BioaEAPHicAL Sketches. 



and January 31, 1801, upon the 
nomination of President Adams, 
was confirmed as Chief Justice of 
the Supreme Court of the United 
States. He wrote a " Life of George 
Washington," and a " History of 
the American Colonies." He died 
in Philadelphia, July 6, 1835. As 
a judge he was the most illustrious 
in America, and for his public ser- 
vices was ranked by many with 
Washington. He was the object 
of universal affection, respect, and 
confidence, and in every particular 
one of the greatest and best of men. 

MARSHALL, S. S. 

He was born in Illinois, edu- 
cated at Cumberland College, Ken- 
tucky; studied law, and devoted 
himself to its practice in his native 
State ; he was elected to the State 
Legislature in 1846 ; by the Legis- 
lature he was elected State Attor- 
ney, serving two years ; in 1851 he 
was elected a Judge of the Circuit 
Court, in which position he re- 
mained until 1854; and having 
been elected to the Thirty-fourth 
Congress, was re-elected to the 
Thirty-fifth, and is Chairman of 
the Committee on Claims. 

MARSHALL, THOMAS A. 

He was born near Versailles, 
Kentucky, January 15, 1194; gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1815 ; 
studied law, and entered upon the 
practice in 1816; and he was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Kentucky, from 1831 to 1835. He 
has been a Judge and Chief Justice 



of the Circuit Court of Kentucky 
for about twenty years ; and is a 
Professor of Law in the Transyl- 
vania College. 

MARSHALL, THOMAS F. 

He was a native of Kentucky ; 
Judge of the Louisville Circuit 
Court, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1841- to 
1843. 

MARTIN, ALEXANDER. 

Born in Guilford County, IS'orth 
Carolina, and died in November, 
1807. He was educated at Prince- 
ton College, and devoted much at- 
tention to the pursuits of literature. 
He was a member of the Colonial 
Assembly, and colonel of a regi- 
ment in the Continental line, having 
been at the battles of Brandywine 
and Germantown. He was subse- 
quently in the State Senate, and 
was elected Speaker ; he was elected 
Governor of North Carolina in 1782, 
and again in 1789, and was a mem- 
ber of the Convention which framed 
the Constitution of the United 
States. Prom 1793 to 1799 he 
was United States Senator, also 
President of the Senate. In 1793 
the degree of Doctor of Laws was 
conferred on him by Princeton Col- 
lege, and at the time of his death 
he was a Trustee of the University 
of North Carolina. 

MARTIN, BARCLAY. 

He was born in South Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1845 to 
1847. 



Biographical Sketches. 



317 



MARTIN, FREDERICK S. 

He was born in Yermont, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1851 to 
1853. 

MARTIN, JOHN P. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1845 
to 1847. 

MARTIN, JOSHUA L. 

He was a member of Congress, 
from Alabama, from 1835 to 1839, 
and from 1845 to 184T Governor 
of that State. He died at Tusca- 
loosa, November 2, 1856. 

MARTIN, MORGAN L. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Delegate to Congress, from 
the Territory of Wisconsin, from 
1845 to 1847. 

MARTIN, ROBERT N. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1825 
to 1827. 

MARTIN, WILLIAM D. 

He was a Judge of the Court of 
Common Pleas, and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from South Caroli- 
na, from 1827 to 1833. He was dis- 
tinguished for his talents and public 
usefulness. He retired to bed slight- 
ly indisposed, and was found dead 
in the morning. He died at Charles- 
ton, November 17, 1833, aged forty- 
five years. 



MARTINDALE, HENRY C. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1823 to 1831, and again from 
1833 to 1835. 

MxVRVIN, DUDLEY. ,. 

Was a native of Lyme, Connecti- 
cut, from which place he removed 
to Canandaigua, New York, in 1807, 
He was admitted to the bar, and 
commenced the practice of law in 
1811, and soon attained eminence 
in his profession. He was a Rep- 
resentative in Congress, from 1823 
to 1829. In 1844 he removed to 
Ripley, Chautauque County, and 
was again elected to Congress, serv- 
ing from 1847 to 1849. He died 
at Ripley, New York, June 25, 
1852, aged sixty-five years. 

MARVIN, RICHARD V. 

He was born in New York, served 
in the Assembly of that State, from 
Chautauque County, in 1836, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1837 to 
1841. 



MASON, ARMISTED C. 

Born in Loudoun County, Virgi- 
nia, in 1785, and educated at Wil- 
liam and Mary College ; was a 
farmer by occupation, and a colonel 
in the war of 1812; and United 
States Senator, from 1815 to 1817. 
He fell in the memorable duel with 
Colonel McCarty, February 6, 1819. 



318 



Biographical Sketches. 



MASON, JAMES B. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Rhode Island, from 1815 
to 1819. 

MASON, JAMES M. 

Born on Analoston Island, Fair- 
fax County, Virginia, November 3, 
l*r98. He received a good educa- 
tion, and graduated at the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania in 1818 ; he 
studied law at the College of Wil- 
liam and Mary, and obtained a li- 
cence to practice in 1820; in 1826 
he was elected to the House of De- 
legates, and twice re-elected; he 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 183t to 1839; in 184^ he was 
elected a Senator in Congress, in 
the place of Senator Pennybacker, 
and re-elected in 1849, in which 
position he still continues, having 
for several sessions been Chairman 
of the Committee on Foreign Rela- 
tions. 

MASON, JEREMIAH. 

Born at Lebanon, Connecticut, 
April 27, 1168, and died at Boston, 
November 14, 1848. Destined for 
professional life, he entered Yale 
College, and after graduating in 
1'188, entered upon the study of law, 
and acquired the reputation of be- 
ing profoundly learned in common 
law. He went to Vermont, and 
was admitted to the bar of that 
State, but subsequently removed to 
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, where 
he became the friend of Daniel 
Webster, who always spoke of him 
in extravagant terms of praise. In 



1802 he was appointed Attorney- 
General of the State, and from 1813 
to 1811, was a Senator in Congress, 
having resigned for the purpose of 
devoting himself to his profession. 
He removed to Boston in 1832, 
and on reaching the age of seventy 
he left the bar, though he was con- 
sulted as chamber-counsel to the 
close of his life. 

MASON, JOHN C. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
elected a Representative, from that 
State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
and is Chairman of the Committee 
on Accounts, 

MASON, JOHN THOMPSON. 

Born at Montpelier, Washington 
County, Maryland, in May, 1815 ; 
graduated at Princeton College in 
1836 ; read law in Hagerstown, and 
was admmitted to practice in 1838 ; 
the same year was elected a member 
of the Legislature of Maryland, and 
re-elected in 1839. He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1841 
to 1843, being at that time the 
youngest man in Congress. In 
1851 he was elected by the people, 
under the new Constitution of the 
State, a Judge of the Court of Ap- 
peals, which position he filled till 
1851, when he resigned, and was 
appointed Collector of the port of 
Baltimore. 

MASON, JOHN Y. 

He was born in Virginia; gra- 
duated at the University of North 
Carolina in 1816, from which in- 



Biographical Sketches. 



319 



stitution he received the degree of 
LL.D.; adopted the profession of 
law, and was a Judge of the Dis- 
trict Court of Virginia ; he was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Virginia, from 1831 to 183t ; a 
member of President Tyler's cabi- 
net, as Secretary of the Navy ; a 
member of President Polk's cabi- 
net, first as Attorney-Greneral, and 
secondly, as Secretary of the Navy ; 
and was appointed, by President 
Pierce, Minister to France, in which 
position he was continued by Pre- 
sident Buchanan. 

MASON, JONATHAN. 

He was born in 1151 ; graduated 
at Princeton College in 1774; and 
died at Boston, November 1, 1831. 
He was a Senator of the United 
States, from Massachusetts, from 
1800 to 1803; and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, 
from 1817 to 1820. 

MASON, MOSES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1834 to 
1837. 

MASON, SAMSON. 

He was born in Ohio, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1835 to 1843. 

MASON, STEVENS THOMSON. 

Born in Chapawansick, Stafford 
County, Virginia, in 1760 ; educated 
at William and Mary College ; he 
was a lawyer by profession, and an 
officer in the revolutionary war, at- 
taining to the rank of general ; was 
a member of the Virginia House of 



Burgesses; and a Senator of the 
United States, from 1794 to 1803; 
also a member of the Convention 
to form the Constitution of Vir- 
ginia, and a member of the Legis- 
lature. He died in 1803. 

MASON, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Connecticut ; 
served in the Legislature of New 
York, from Chenango County, from 
1820 to 1822; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1835 to 1837. 

MASTERS, JOSIAII, 

Born in Woodbury, Connecticut, 
October 22, 1763; graduated at 
Yale College in 1784, soon after 
which he removed to Schaghticoke, 
Rensselaer County, New York, 
which was thereafter his place of 
residence. He was a prominent 
member of the State Legislature in 
1792, 1800, and 1801, when he was 
appointed Associate Judge of Rens- 
selaer County; and from 1805 to 
1809 was a Representative in Con- 
gress. In 1808 he was chosen First 
Judge of the County Court of Com- 
mon Pleas, which office he held 
until his death. He was a zealous 
supporter of the general measures 
against Great Britain during the 
war of 1812, yet he opposed with 
great earnestness, in several able 
speeches, the embargo, non-inter- 
course, and other commercial restric- 
tions. He numbered among his 
personal friends such patriots as 
Jefferson, Randolph, Madison, Clay, 
etc., and was a co-operator and ad- 



320 



Biographical Sketches. 



yiser of De Witt Clinton in the sys- 
tem of internal improvements, which 
gave to New York the rank of the 
Empire State. He died June 30, 

1822. 

MATHEWS, GEORGE. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Georgia, from 1789 to 
1791. 

MATHEWS, JAMES. 

He was born in Ohio, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1841 to 1845. 

MATHEWS, VINCENT. 

Born in Orange County, New 
York, June 29, 1766. He studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1790 ; and fixing his residence near 
Elmira, Tioga County, was elected 
a State Representative in 1793, and 
in 1796 chosen a State Senator. In 
1798 he was elected a commissioner 
to settle certain claims for bounty 
land; and from 1809 to 1811 he 
was a Representative in Congress. 
In 1812 he was appointed District 
Attorney for a number of the coun- 
ties in Western New York ; and in 
1816 he removed from Elmira to 
Bath, and thence to Rochester, pur- 
suing the practice of his profession, 
in different places, for no less a 
period than fifty-six years. Toward 
the close of his life he served a se- 
cond time in the Assembly of the 
State, and was District Attorney 
for Monroe County. The College 
of Geneva conferred upon him the 



degree of Doctor of Laws when he 
was nearly seventy-five years old; 
and he died at Rochester, August 
23, 1846. 

MATHEWSON, ELISHA. 

He was at different periods a 
member of the General Assembly of 
Rhode Island ; once a Speaker of 
the House ; and a Senator in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1807 
to 1811. He died at Scituate, 
Rhode Island, October 14, 1853. 

MATHIOT, .JOSHUA, 

He was born in Ohio, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1841 to 1843. 

MATLACK, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1821 
to 1825, and died at Woodbury, in 
that State, January 15, 1840. 

MATSON, AARON. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1821 to 1825. 

MATTESON, ORASMUS B. 

He was born in New York, and 
having been elected a Representa- 
tive to Congress, from that State, 
in 1849, has continued in the same 
position to the present time. 

MATTHEWS, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1797 to 
1799. 



Biographical Sketches. 



321 



MATTOCKS, JOHN. 
Born in 17Y6, and was a resident 
of Peacham, Yermont ; he was for 
many years distinguished as a suc- 
cessful lawyer ; had held various 
public trusts, being for two years 
Judge of the Supreme Court of 
Yermont ; and a Representative in 
Congress, from 1821 to 1825, and 
from 1841 to 1843; also, Governor 
of the State one year, declining a 
re-election to that office. He died 
at Peacham, Yermont, August 14, 
1847. 

MATTOON, EBENEZER. 

Born in ximherst, Massachusetts ; 
graduated at Dartmouth College 
in 1176 ; he was a major in the war 
of 1812, and sheriff of Hampshire, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from Massachusetts, from 1800 to 
1803; and in 1816, adjutant- general 
of militia. He died in Amherst, 
September 11, 1843, aged eighty- 
eight years. 

MAURICE, JAMES. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

MAURY, ABRAHAM P. 
A Representative in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1835 to 1839 ; 
died at his residence, in William- 
son County, Tennessee, July 22, 
1848. 

MAXWELL, AUGUSTUS E. 

Born in Elberton, Georgia, Sep- 
tember 21, 1820 ; received the 
benefit of country schools in Ala- 
21 



bama, and graduated at the Uni- 
versity of Yirginia ; studied law ; 
removing to Florida, was elected 
in 1847 to the Assembly of that 
State; was Secretary of State in 
1848; a State Senator m 1849; 
was a member of Congress, from 
1853 to 1857, refusing a re-nomi- 
nation, and in 1857 was appointed, 
by President Buchanan, Navy Agent 
at Pensacola, Florida, in which 
position he still continues. 

MAXWELL, GEORGE C. 

He was a native of New Jersey, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1811 
to 1813. 

MAXWELL, J. p. B. 

Born in New Jersey in 1805; 
graduated at Princeton College in 
1823; studied law, and was admit- 
ted to the bar in 1827 ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 
to 1843. He died at Belvidere, New 
Jersey, November 14, 1845. 

MAXWELL, LEWIS. 

He was a native of Yirginia, and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1827 to 1833. 

MAXWELL, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1829 
to 1831. 

MAY, HENRY. 

He was born in the District of 
Columbia ; received a liberal edu- 



522 



Biographical Sketches. 



cation ; adopted the profession of 
law ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Maryland, from 
1853 to 1855. 

MAY, WILLIAM L. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1835 to 1839. 

MAYALL, SAMUEL. 

He was born in Maine, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

MAYNARD, HORACE. 

He was born in Westborough, 
Massachusetts, August 30, 1814; 
graduated at Amherst College in 
1838, and soon afterwards emigrated 
to Tennessee. He entered the 
University of East Tennessee as a 
tutor, and subsequently received the 
appointment of Professor of Ma- 
thematics in that institution ; during 
that period he studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1844. He 
acquired an extensive practice in 
his profession ; held a number of 
local offices in his adopted State ; 
and was elected a Representative, 
from Tennessee, to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress. During the first session 
of that Congress he was Chairman 
of the Special Committee to inves- 
tigate the accounts of William 
CuUum, late Clerk of the House of 
Representatives, and is at the 
present time a member of the Com- 
mittee on Claims. 



MAYNAED, JOHN. 

He was a resident of Western 
New York, and graduated at Union 
College in 1810; he studied law 
and commenced to practice at Se- 
neca Falls, and then removed to 
Auburn. He was a Representative 
in Congress, from New York, from 
1821 to 1829, and gave a zealous 
support to the Administration of 
Mr. Adams ; he was subsequently 
a member of the New York Senate 
for four years, and again from 1841 
to 1843 a member of Congress ; he 
was Judge of the Supreme Court 
of New York, and from January, 
1850, a Judge of the Court of Ap- 
peals. He died in Auburn, New 
York, March 24, 1850. 

MAYRANT, WILLIAM. 

He was a native of South Caro- 
lina, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, during the 
years 1815 and 1816. 

Mc ARTHUR, DUNCAN. 

He was born in Dutchess Coun- 
ty, New York, in 1112. When he 
was eight years of age he removed 
with his father to Pennsylvania, 
and at the age of eighteen he volun- 
teered in defence of the frontier 
settlements of Ohio, against the 
Indians. He studied surveying, 
and acquired great wealth in the 
business of buying and selling lands, 
in addition to surveying them. In 
1805 he was a member of the Le- 
gislature, and in 1806 was appoint- 
ed colonel, and in 1808 major-ge- 
neral of the State militia. He 



BioaRAPHicAL Sketches. 



323 



performed valuable services during 
the war of 1812 ; in 1815 was again 
a member of the Legislature, and in 
1816 was appointed Commissioner 
to conclude treaties with the In- 
dians; from 1817 to 1819 was in 
the Legislature, and Speaker of the 
House in 1817. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1823 to 1825, and in 1830 
was chosen Governor of the State, 
which position he held until 1833, 
and while in that service met with 
an accident, from the effects of 
which he never recovered. 

McBRYDE, ARCHIBALD. 

Born in Moore County, North 
Carolina, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1809 to 1813, and subsequently a 
member of the State Senate for 
two years. 

Mccarty, Andrew z. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1855 to 
1857. He was also a member of 
the New York Assembly in 1848. 

Mccarty, Jonathan. 

Was a native of Tennessee, but 
removed, with his father, at an 
early age to Indiana. He engaged 
in mercantile pursuits, and was for 
a time Clerk of the Circuit or 
County Court, at Connersville. He 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Indiana, from 1831 to 1837. 
He left Indiana for Iowa, where he 
died about four years since. 



Mccarty, richard. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1821 
to 1823. 

Mccarty, avilliam m. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1840 to 
1841. 

McCAUSLEN, WILLIAM C. 

He was born in Ohio, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1843 to 1845. 

McLEAN, MOSES. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1845 
to 1847. 

McCLELLAN, ABRAHAM, 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1837 to 1843. 

McCLELLAN, ROBERT. 

He was at one time Treasurer for 
the State of New York ; and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1837 to 1839, and again 
from 1841 to 1843. 

McClelland, Robert. 

Born in Franklin County, Penn- 
sylvania. He graduated at Dickin- 
son College ; practiced law for a 
year or so in Pittsburg, and in 1833 
removed to Michigan, and esta- 
blished himself at Monroe. He 
served for several years in the Le- 
gislature of that State ; and was a 



324 



lOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Kepresentative in Congress, from 
1843 to 1849. He was twice 
elected Governor of Michigan, in 
1851 and 1852 ; and was appointed 
Secretary of the Interior Depart- 
ment, by President Pierce, the ar- 
duous duties of which position he 
performed with fidelity and ability. 

McCLENACHAN, BLAIR. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 119T 
to lt99. 

McCLERNAND, .JOHN A. 

Born in Breckenridge County, 
Kentucky, May 30, 1812 ; brought 
up at Shawneetown, Illinois, and 
had only the advantages of a com- 
mon school education. He studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1832, and served as a private, but 
with credit, in the Black Hawk 
war. He established the first De- 
mocratic press in Shawneetown, 
and edited his paper and practiced 
law until 1843, when he was elected 
to Congress, and served as a Re- 
presentative until 1851. He had 
also, before going to Congress, been 
elected to the State Legislature. 

McCOMAS, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 183t, 
and was a member of the Commit- 
tee on Manufactures. 

McCONNELL, FELIX G. 

Was a native of Lincoln County, 
Tennessee, but removed in 1824 to 



Talladega County, Alabama. He 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 184Y. 
He died, by his own hand, in 
Washington, District of Columbia, 
September, 1846, aged thirty-six. 

McCORD, ANDREW. 

He was a member of the I^ew 
York Assembly, during the years 
1800, 1801, 1802, and 1801, part 
of the time Speaker ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1803 to 1805. 

McCORKLE, JOSEPH W. 

He was born in Ohio, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
California, from 1851 to 1853. 

McCOY, ROBERT. 

He resided at one time in Carl- 
isle, Pennsylvania, and held several 
public positions in that State, such 
as brigadier-general of militia, and 
canal commissioner. He was a 
member of Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1831 to 1833, and died 
at Wheeling, Yirginia, June T, 
1849. 

McCOY, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Augusta County, 
Vii'ginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1811 to 1833. 

McCRATE, JOHN D. 

He graduated at Bowdoin Col- 
lege in 1819, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Maine, from 
1845 to 1847. 



Biographical Sketches. 



325 



McCREARY, JOHN. 

He was born in Chester County, 
South Carolina, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1819 to 1821. 

McCREARY, WILLIAM. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1803 to 
1809. 

McCREEDY, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 
to 1831. ' 

Mcculloch, george. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1840 to 1841. 

Mcculloch, john. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

Mcculloch, thomas g. 

He was born in Franklin County, 
Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1820 to 1822. 

McDonald, Joseph e. 

He was born in Ohio, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1849 to 1851. 

McDonald, moses. 

Born in Limerick, York County, 
Maine, April 8, 1815. Practiced 
law from 1837 to 1845; and was a 
member of the Maine Legislature 



in 1841 and 1842. In 1845 was 
Speaker of the House. In 1847, 
1848, and 1849, served as Treasurer 
of the State ; represented the First 
Congressional District in the Thir- 
ty-second and Thirty-third Con- 
gresses; and in April, 1857, was 
appointed, by President Buchanan, 
Collector for the District of Port- 
land and Falmouth. 

McDOUGAL, JAMES A. 

He was born in IS'ew York, and 
on emigrating to California, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1853 to 1855. 

McDowell, james. 

He was born in Rockbridge 
County, Yirginia, in 1796, and gra- 
duated at Princeton College in 
1816. He was Governor of Yirgi- 
nia from 1842 to 1845, and from 
1845 to 1851 he was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from the Eleventh 
Congressional District of Yirginia. 
In 1846 his Ahna Mater conferred 
on him the degree of LL.D. He 
was an eloquent speaker, an upright 
man, and a true patriot. He died 
near Lexington, Yirginia, August 
24, 1851. 

McDowell, Joseph. 

Born in Winchester, Yirginia, 
and emigrated with his father to 
North Carolina, where he took an 
active part in the military operations 
of the time, and was at the battle of 
King's Mountain. He was a mem- 
ber of the House of Commons, 
from 1782 to 1788, and a Repre- 



326 



Biographical Sketches. 



sentative in Congress, from 1193 to 
1795, and again from 1197 to 1T99. 

McDowell, joseph j. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
and on removing to Kentuclvy was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1843 to 
1847. 

McDUFFIE, GEORGE. 

He was born in South Carolina ; 
graduated at the South Carolina 
College in 1813 ; adopted the pro- 
fession of law ; served a number of 
years in the State Legislature ; was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, in 1821, 
and served until 1835, when he was 
chosen Governor of the State. In 
1843 he was elected a Senator of the 
United States, but was compelled 
by ill health to resign that station 
before the expiration of his term of 
office. His ill health was partly 
the result of a duel which he fought 
in Augusta, Georgia, with Colonel 
Cummin g, in which he was wounded. 
He was a co-worker and friend of 
Calhoun and Hayne, and an elo- 
quent defender of the peculiar insti- 
tutions of the South. He died in 
Sumpter District, South Carolina, 
March 11, 1851. 

McFARLAN, DUNCAN. 

A Representative in Congress, 
from North Carolina, from 1805 to 
1807, and subsequently a member 
of the State Senate for three years. 



McGAUGHEY, EDWARD W. 

He was born in Indiana, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1845 to 1847, and 
for another term ending in 1851. 

McHATTON, ROBERT. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1826 to 
1829. 

McHENRY, JOHN H. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1847. 

McILVANE, ABRAHAM R. 

Born at Crum Creek, Delaware, 
August 14, 1804. He was bred a 
farmer, in which pursuit he was 
eminently successful, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1843 to 1849. 

McILVANE, JAMES. 

He was born in New Jersey ; 
graduated at Princeton College in 
1818 ; and was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1823 
to 1826, and died August 18, 1826. 

McINTYRE, RUFUS. 

Born in York, County of York, 
Maine, December 19, 1784 ; received 
a common school education, and by 
teaching for two or three years, ac- 
quired the means to fit himself for 
college- at South Berwick Academy, 
and graduated at Dartmouth in 
1809. He studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to practice in 1812. In the 



Biographical Sketches. 



327 



mean time war was declared, and 
he was appointed captain of militia, 
and remained in service on the fron- 
tier until peace was declared, after 
which he returned to the practice 
of his profession at York. He' re- 
presented that town in the Bruns- 
wick Convention ; and after the 
separation from Massachusetts, he 
was a Representative in the Legis- 
lature a^t its first session ; he was 
then appointed County Attorney, 
which office he held till elected 
to Congress as Representative of 
Maine, serving from 1826 to 1835. 
In 1826 he was a Commissioner for 
settling the boundary line of his 
State, and in 1836 was a member 
of the Legislature, and was ap- 
pointed Land Agent for two years, 
in 1839. He was subsequently 
TJnited States Marshal for Maine, 
and Surveyor of the port of Port- 
land four years. He has been con- 
nected with two or three academies 
as overseer, and is a member of the 
Board of Overseers of Bowdoin Col- 
lege. He is now devoted to agri- 
culture. 

McKAY, JAMES J. 

Born in Bladen County, North 
Carolina, in 1*793. He was bred to 
the law, and served from 1815 to 
1831 in the State Senate, and was 
at one time TJnited States District 
Attorney. He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress from 1831 to 1849, 
and was for a time Chairman of the 
Committee of Ways and Means. 
At the Baltimore Convention, which 
.nominated Lewis Cass for Presi- 
dent, he received the vote of the 



North Carolina delegation as can- 
didate for Vice-President. He died 
in Goldsborough, North Carolina, 
September 14, 1853. 

McKEAN, SAMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823 
to 1829, and a Senator of the United 
States, from 1834 to 1839. He died 
June 23, 1840, in McKean County. 
He was a man of talent and influ- 
ence. 

McKEE, JOHN. 

He was at one time a Govern- 
ment Agent among the Choctaw 
Indians, also a Commissioner for 
settling the boundary line of Ten- 
nessee, and a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1823 to 1829. 

McKEE, SAMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1809 to 
1817. 

McKENNAN, THOMAS M. T. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 
to 1839, and from 1841 to 1843, 
and died at Reading, July 9, 1852. 

McKEON, JOHN, 

He was born in New York, and 
was educated a lawyer. In 1832, 
1833, and 1834, he served in the 
Legislature of New York, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1835 to 1837, and 
again from 1841 to 1843. He has 
twice been appointed United States 



328 



Biographical Sketches. 



District Attorney for tlie Southern 
District of New York. 

^- McKIBBIN, JOSEPH C. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and having taken up his residence 
in California, was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from that State, to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a 
member of the Committee on Pub- 
lic Lands and on Private Land 
Claims. 

McKIM, ISAAC. 

He was a much respected and 
wealthy merchant of Baltimore ; a 
member of Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1823 to 1825, and again 
from 1835 to 1838; and died in 
Washington, April 1, 1838. 

McKIMM, ALEXANDER. 

Born in 1T48, and died at Bal- 
timore, January 18, 1832. He was 
a member of Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1809 to 1815. 

McKINLEY, JOHN. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Alabama, from 1826 to 1831, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from 1833 to 1835, and died in 
Louisville, Kentucky, July 19, 1852. 

McKINLEY, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 1810 to 
1811. 

McKISSOCK, THOMAS. 

He was born in Ulster County, 
New York, in 1'I98. He received 



a classical education ; was bred first 
to the medical, and afterwards to 
the legal profession ; was, under 
the old organization, a Judge of 
the Supreme Court of New York ; 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from 1849 to 1851. 

McLANAHAN, JAMES X. 

He was born in Antrim, Frank- 
lin County, Pennsylvania, in 1809 ; 
graduated at Dickinson College in 
1826 ; he studied law, and settled 
in Chambersburg ; in 1841 he was 
elected to the State Senate ; and 
in 1849 he was elected to Congress, 
and re-elected in 1851, and was 
Chairman of the Committee on the 
Judiciary. He is now living in re- 
tirement. 

McLANE, LOUIS. 

He was born in Smyrna, Kent 
County, Delaware, May 28, 1184. 
When twelve years of age, he was 
appointed a midshipman in the 
navy, on leaving which, in 1801, he 
studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 180*7 ; in 1812 he was a 
volunteer in a company commanded 
by Ccesar H. Rodney, and marched 
to the relief of Baltimore when 
threatened by the British. He was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Delaware, from 1811 to 1821 ; and 
was chosen, by the Legislature, a 
Senator in Congress, from 1827 to 
1829 ; was appointed in 1829, by 
President Jackson, Minister to Eng- 
land, where he remained two years ; 
and in 1831 he received the ap- 
pointment of Secretary of the Trea- 



Biographical Sketches. 



329 



sury; and in 1833, that of Secretary 
of State under President Jackson. 
In June, 1834, he retired from poli- 
tical life, and in 1837, was chosen 
President of the Baltimore and 
Ohio Railroad Company, and re- 
moving to Maryland, discharged 
the duties of that office until 184t. 
During the administration of Pre- 
sident Polk, he accepted the mis- 
sion to England while the Oregon 
negotiations were pending; after 
which he returned to Maryland, 
and in 1850 represented Cecil 
County in the State Constitutional 
Convention, and then retired to 
private life. He held a high rank 
as a statesman, and died in Balti- 
more, Maryland, in 185*1. 

McLANE, ROBERT M. 

Born in Delaware, June 23, 1815 ; 
was educated at Washington Col- 
lege, District of Columbia, and at 
St. Mary's College, Baltimore ; 
went to Europe with his father, 
Louis McLane, in 1829, and on 
his return entered the West Point 
Academy, which he left in 1837 ; 
he served as an army officer in 
Florida, the Cherokee Country, and 
in the Northwest; in 1843 was ad- 
mitted to the bar of Baltimore ; in 
1845 and 1846 was elected to the 
Maryland Legislature ; and from 
184t to 1851 w»as a Representative 
in Congress, from Maryland. In 
1853 he was appointed, by Presi- 
dent Pierce, Minister to China, and 
on his return resumed the practice 
of his profession in Baltimore. 



McLEAN, ALNEY. 

He was born in Burke County, 
North Carolina, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1815 to 1811, and again 
from 1819 to 1821. 

McLEAN, FINIS E. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1849 to 1851. 

McLEAN, JOHN. 

Born in Morris County, New 
Jersey, in 1185. Four years after 
his birth his father emigrated with 
his family to Virginia, whence he 
removed to Kentucky, and finally 
settled in the State of Ohio. Here 
the son received a scanty education ; 
and, having determined to pursue 
the legal profession, he engaged at 
the age of eighteen to write in the 
clerk's office, at Cincinnati, in order 
to maintain himself, by devoting a 
portion of his time to that labor, 
while engaged in his studies. In 
1801 he was admitted to the bar, 
and entered upon the practice of 
the law at Lebanon, Ohio. In 1812 
he became a cadidate to represent 
his district in Congress, and was 
elected by a large majority. He. 
professed the political principles of 
the Democratic party, being an ar- 
dent supporter of the war, and of 
President Madison's administration. 
In 1814 he was again elected to 
Congress by a unanimous vote, a 
circumstance of rare occurrence ; 
and remained a member of the 



t30 



Biographical Sketches. 



House f Representatives until 
1816, when the Legislature of Ohio 
having elected him a Judge of the 
Supreme Court of the State, he 
resigned his seat in Congress at the 
close of the session. He remained 
six years upon the Supreme bench 
of Ohio. In 1822 he was appointed 
Commissioner of the General Land- 
office by President Monroe ; and 
in 1823 he became Postmaster-Ge- 
neral. In the year 1829 he was 
appointed, by President Jackson, a 
Justice of the United States Su- 
preme Court, after he had refused 
the oifer of the War and Navy De- 
partments. He entered upon the 
discharge of his duties at the Janu- 
ary Term of 1830, and is still the 
occupant of his high position. 

McLEAN, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Illinois, during the years 
1818 and 1819 ; was a Senator in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1824 to 1825, and again from 1829 
to 1830, having died on the fourth 
of October of the latter year. 

p 
McLEAN, WILLIAM. 

He was a native of New Jersey, 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1823 to 1829, and died 
at Cincinnati, October 12, 1839. 

McLENE, JEREMIAH. 

He was born in I'ZGT, and died 
in Washington City, March 19, 
1831. He was for twenty-one years 
Secretary of State for Ohio, and a 



a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1833 to 1831. 

McMANUS, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1825 
to 1821. 

McMULLEN, FAYETTE. 

He was born in Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1849 to 1855, and 
in May, 1851, he was appointed, 
by President Buchanan, Governor 
of the Territory of Washington, 
which ofl&ce he continues to hold. 

McNAIR, JOHN. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1855. 

McNIEL, ARCHIBALD. 

Born in Moore County, North 
Carolina; entered the House of 
Commons in 1808, re-elected in 
1809, served in the State Senate in 
1811 and 1815, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1821 
to 1823, and again from 1825 to 
1821. 

McQUEEN, JOHN, 

He was born in Robinson Coun- 
ty, North Carolina, and is about 
fifty years of age. He claims de- 
scent in a direct line from the heroic 
Robert Bruce, of Scotland, and his 
father, James McQueen, was a 
nephew of the celebrated Flora 
Macdonald. He received a good 



Biographical Sketches. 



331 



education under the guidance of an 
elder brother, Rev. A. McQueen, 
who was a graduate of the Chapel 
Hill University, North Carolina. 
He commenced the study of law in 
his native State, and completed his 
course of study in South Carolina, 
to which he removed at an early 
day. He was admitted to the bar 
in 1828, and having settled in Marl- 
borough District, he there com- 
menced, and has ever since, as his 
public calls have permitted, con- 
tinued the practice of his profession 
with success. During the Nullifi- 
cation times of 1833, he was elected 
a colonel of the State militia, in 

1834 a brigadier-general, and in 

1835 a major-general, which last 
position he held for ten years, and 
then resigned. He was elected a 
Representative in Congress, in 8149, 
and has continued an active mem- 
ber down to the present time, serv- 
ing, under successive Speakers, on 
several of the prominent commit- 
tees. He has been re-elected to 
the Thirty-sixth Congress. 

McRAE, JOHN J. 

He was born in Wayne County, 
Mississippi ; received a good edu- 
cation ; adopted the profession of 
law ; was elected frequently to the 
State Legislature, and during two 
sessions officiated as Speaker; was 
also elected to the State Senate; 
was Governor of Mississippi, from 
1844 to 1848 ; was, by appoint- 
ment, for a short time in the United 
States Senate ; and was elected to 
the second session of the Thirty- 



fifth Congress, from Mississippi, as 
the successor to General Quitman. 

McREADY, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1819 to 1821. 

McROBERTS, SAMUEL. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Illinois, from 1841 to the time 
of his death, which occurred March 
27, 1843, in Cincinnati, Ohio, aged 
about forty years. 

McSHERRY, JAMES. 

He was a native of Pennsylvania ; 
served twenty years in the Legisla- 
ture of that State ; was a delegate 
to reform the Constitution of the 
same ; and a Representative in 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, froul 
1821 to 1823. Died at Littlestown, 
Pennsylvania, February 3, 1849. 

McVEAN, CHARLES. 

Born at Johnstown, New York, 
in 1802, and died in the City of 
New York, December 20, 1848. 
He was bred to the law, which he 
practiced with success in Mont- 
gomery County, until he removed 
to New York. He held the office 
of surrogate ; served as a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1833 to 
1835 ; and at the time of his death 
was District Attorney for Southern 
New York. 

McWILLIE, WILLIAM. 

He was born in South Carolina ; 
Q-raduated at the South Carolina 



332 



Biographical Sketches. 



College ; adopted the profession of 
law ; was a Representative and Se- 
nator in the Legislature of South 
Carolina ; and, on removing to 
Mississippi, was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, -from that 
State, from 1849 to 1851. He was 
also President of a bank for several 
years. 

MEACHAM, JAMES. 

Born in Rutland, Yermont, in 
1810 ; graduated at Middlebury 
College in 1822 ; was tutor there ; 
studied theology ; was settled in 
New Haven, Yermont ; was called 
from his parish to the Professorship 
of Elocution and English Litera- 
ture in Middlebury College, when, 
in 1849, he was elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, and twice re- 
elected. At the time of his death, 
August 22, 1856, he was a member 
of Congress, and a Regent of the 
Smithsonian Institution. 

MEAD, COWLES. 

He was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from Georgia, in 1805, 
but his election was successfully 
contested by Thomas Spalding ; 
and in 1806 he was appointed, by 
President Jefferson, Secretary of 
Mississippi Territory. 

MEADE, RICHARD K. 

He was born in Yirginia ; re- 
ceived a liberal education ; and 
adopted the profession of law ; he 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Yirginia, from 184'7 to 1853 ; 
was appointed, by President Pierce, 



in 1853, Charge d'Affaires to Sar- 
dinia ; and in 185'! was appointed, 
by President Buchanan, Minister to 
Brazil, which mission he continues 
to fill. 

MEBAN-E, ALEXANDER. 

Born in Hawfields, Orange Coun- 
ty, North Carolina, November 26, 
11 Q1, and died July 5, 1195. He 
was a member of the Convention, 
in 1776, that met to form the State 
Constitution ; served a number of 
years in the Legislature ; and was 
in Congress during the years 1793 
and 1794. He was distinguished 
for his sense, integrity, and firmness. 

MEDILL, WILLIAM. 

He was born in New Castle 
County, Delaware ; received an aca- 
demical education ; he studied law, 
and, having removed to Ohio, was 
admitted to the bar of that State in 
1832; he was soon after elected to 
the State Legislature, serving a 
number of years, and was twice 
elected Speaker ; he was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1839 to 
1843 ; by President Polk, he was 
appointed First- Assistant Postmas- 
ter-Greneral, and subsequently held 
the ofiice of Commissioner of In- 
dian Affairs ; in 1850 he was a 
member of the Convention called to 
revise the State Constitution, and 
chosen Chairman ; in 1851 and 
1852 he was elected Lieutenant- 
Grovernor of Ohio ; in 1853 he was 
elected Governor of Ohio ; and, by 
President Buchanan, was appointed 
First Comptroller of the IJnited 



Biographical Ske'tches. 



333 



States Treasury, which position he 
still occupies. 

MEECH, EZRA. 

He was born in jN'ew London, 
Connecticut, July 26, 1113 ; was 
associated in early life with John 
Jacob Astor in the fur trade; in 
1806 became agent of the North- 
west Fur Company; and in 1809 
was agent for supplying the British 
Government with spars and timber. 
Having settled in Vermont, he was, 
in 1822 and 1823, elected Chief 
Justice of Chittenden County ; and 
was a member of the Constitu- 
tional Conventions of 1822 and 
1826. He was elected, in 1805 
and 1801, to the State Legislature, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Vermont, from 1819 to 
1821, and again from 1825 to 1821. 
During the latter years of his life 
he was devoted to agricultural pur- 
suits, and owned one farm, kept in 
a high state of cultivation, which 
contained three thousand acres, and 
upon which have been seen a flock 
of three thousand sheep and a herd 
of eight hundred oxen. He was re- 
markable for his intelligence and 
hospitality, and not less so for his 
personal appearance, as he measured 
six feet five inches in height, and 
weighed three hundred and seventy 
pounds ; and, strange as it may seem, 
he was one of the most expert trout 
fishers in the county. He died at 
Shelburne, Vermont, September 23, 
1856. 

MEIGS, HENRY. 

Born in New Haven, Connecti- 
cut, October 28, 1182; graduated 



at Yale College in 1198 ; educated a 
lawyer, and -rt^as elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New 
York City, from 1819 to 1821, and 
for many years past has been an ac- 
tive officer. Recording Secretary, 
and Trustee of the American Insti- 
tute in New York. It is said of 
him, as something remarkable, that 
he never wore an overcoat, never 
had a sore throat or headache, and 
though seventy years of age, does 
not use glasses. 

MEIGS, RETURN J. 

Was a native of Middletown, 
Connecticut ; graduated at Yale 
College in 1185, and was a lawyer 
by profession. He removed to Ohio, 
and became a Judge of the Supreme 
Court of the State ; was a Senator 
in Congress, from 1808 to 1810; 
and was Governor of the State from 
1810 to 1814. He was appointed 
Postmaster-General of the United 
States in 1814, and held the office 
nine years. He died at Marietta, 
March, 1825. 

MELLEN, PRENTISS. 

Born in Sterling, Massachusetts, 
October 11, 1164; graduated at 
Cambridge in 1184; studied law, 
and settled at Bridgewater ; in 1192 
he became a citizen of Biddeford, 
Maine, and in 1806 settled at Port- 
land. In 1811 he was chosen a 
Senator in Congress, from Massa- 
chusetts ; and on the separation of 
Maine, in 1820, he resigned his seat 
in the Senate, and was elected the 
first Chief Justice of the Supreme 



OO': 



Biographical Sketches. 



Court of Maine. He occupied a 
high position as a lawyer and jurist, 
and in 1834, after becoming disqua- 
lified by age to serve as judge, he 
resumed the practice of law. His 
decisions may be found in the first 
eleven volumes of the Maine Re- 
ports. He was also a Trustee of 
Bo\Moin College from 1817 to 1836, 
and in 1828 received the degree of 
LL.D. from that institution. He 
died at Portland, December 31, 
1840. 

MENIFEE, RICHARD H. 

He was a member of Congress, 
from Kentucky, from 183Y to 1839, 
and died at Frankfort, February 21, 
1841. 

MERCER, CHARLES FENTON. 

Born in Fredericksburg, Yirgi- 
nia, June 6, 1*718; graduated at 
Princeton in 1791. In 1198, while 
a student of law, he tendered his 
services to General Washington for 
the defence of the country against 
a threatened invasion by the French, 
and received from him a commission 
as first-lieutenant of cavalry, and 
soon after that of captain, which he 
declined, not intending to devote 
his life to the military profession. 
In 1803, after spending a year in 
Europe, he returned and practiced 
law. From 1810 to 1811 he was a 
member of the General Assembly 
of Virginia. In 1811 he was again 
called to military duty by the General 
Government, and in 1818 was ap- 
pointed aid to the Governor, and 
rose to the rank of brigadier-gene- 



ral of militia, having command of 
the forces at Norfolk. In 1816, as 
Chairman of the Committee on Fi- 
nance, in the Legislature, he devoted 
his time to the promotion of inter- 
nal improvements, and was chief 
supporter of the measure for the 
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and 
was appointed President of the Ca- 
nal Company. He was a member 
of Congress, from 18 lY to 1840. In 
1853 he visited Europe from phi- 
lanthopic motives, at his own ex- 
pense, and used his efforts for the 
entire abolition of the African slave- 
trade, conferring with the chief ex- 
ecutive officers of most of the king- 
doms of Europe on the subject. He 
died at Howard, near Alexandria, 
Virginia, May 4, 1858. 

MERCER, JOHN F. 

He was a soldier of the Revolu- 
tion ; was a member of the Old 
Congress, in 1*782; was a member, 
from Maryland, of the Convention 
which formed the Federal Consti- 
tution ; a Representative in the 
New Congress, from 1*792 to 1*794 ; 
Governor of Maryland from 1801 
to 1803; and died at Philadelphia, 
August 30, 1821, in the sixty-fourth 
year of his age. 

MERIWETHER, DAVID. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Georgia, from 1802 to 
180*7, and was appointed, by Presi- 
dent Jefferson, in 1804, a Commis- 
sioner to treat with the Creek In- 
dians. 



Biographical Sketches. 



MERIWETHER, -fr A. 
A 

He was born in Georgia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1841 to 1843. 

MERIWETHER, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Georgia from 1825 to 

1827. 

MERRICK, WILLIAM D. 

He filled several prominent posi- 
tioiis in the State of Maryland, and 
served in the United States Senate, 
from 1838 to 1845. He died in 
Washington, District of Columbia, 
February 5, 1857, at an advanced 



MERRILL, ORSAMUS C. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Vermont, from 1817 to 
1819. 

MERRIWETHER, DAVID. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Kentucky, by appointment, 
for one session, in 1852, and was 
appointed, by President Pierce, 
May 6, 1853, Governor of the Ter- 
ritory of New Mexico. 

MERWIN, ORANGE. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Connecticut, from 1825 
to 1829. 

METCALF, ARUNAH. 

He was a native of New York, 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1811 to 1813, and 



335 



subsequently served four years in 
the Assembly of New York, from 
Otsego County. 

METCALF, THOMAS. « 

He was born in Fauquier Coun- 
ty, Virginia, March 20, 1780. When 
he was quite young his parents emi- 
grated to Kentucky, and settled in 
Fayette, where his education was 
restricted to the advantages of a 
few months' attendance at a coun- 
try school. He worked at the 
trade of a mason, but employed his 
leisure hours in study, and soon 
developed remarkable intellectual 
abilities. In 1809 he first appeared 
as a public speaker, in defence of his 
country against British oppression ; 
served in the war of 1812, and in 
1813 commanded a company of in- 
fantry at the battle of Fort Meigs, 
and greatly distinguished himself 
for his bravery. He was subse- 
quently a member of the Kentucky 
Legislature, for several years, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1819 to 1829, when he was 
elected Governor of Kentucky, 
which office he held until 1833. In 
1834 he was elected to the State 
Senate, and in 1840 was chosen 
President of the Board of Internal 
Improvement. In 1848 he was 
appointed to fill the unexpired term 
of Mr. Crittenden, in the Senate of 
the United States, after which he 
retired to his farm, between Mays- 
ville and Lexington. He boasted 
of his service as a stone-mason, and 
delighted in being called the " Old 
Stone Hammer. " He died in Nich- 



Biographical Sketches. 



olas County, Kentucky, August 18, 
1855. 

MIDDLETON, HENRY, 

A native of South Carolina ; was 
chosen a Kepresentative in the 
State Legislature in 1801 ; then 
State Senator until elected Gover- 
nor, in 1810. From 1815 to 1819 
he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, and in 1820 was appointed, 
by President Monroe, Minister to 
Russia, which position he filled for 
many years. He died in Charles- 
ton, South Carolina, June 14, 1846. 

MIDDLESWORTH, NER. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
on removing to Pennsylvania, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1853 
to 1855. 

MILES, W. PORCHER. 

He was born in South Carolina, 
was elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from that 
State, and is a member of the Com- 
mittee on Commerce. He has 
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress. 

MILLEDGE, JOHN. 

He was born in Savannah, Geor- 
gia, and descended from one of the 
early settlers of the Colony. He 
frequently served in the Legislature, 
and in 1780 he was appointed 
Attorney-General of the State, and 
Governor in 1802. He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1792 
to 1802, excepting one term, and a 



Senator of the United States, from 
1806 to 1809. He was the princi- 
pal founder of the University of 
Georgia, and presented the land 
which forms its site. He died at 
his country-seat, at the Sand Hills, 
February 9, 1818. His memory 
was honored by an Act of the Le- 
gislature, calling the capital of the 
State Milledgeville. 

MILLEN, JOHN. 

He was born in 1804, educated 
a lawyer, served in the Legislature 
of Georgia, and died near Savan- 
nah, October 15, 1843, about ten 
days after his election to a seat in 
the National House of Representa- 
tives. 

MILLER, DANIEL H. 

He was a native of Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, fi'om that State, from 1828 to 
1831. 

MILLER, DANIEL T. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Iowa, from 1850 to 
1851. 

MILLER, .JACOB W. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from New Jersey, from 1841 to 
1847, and, having been re-elected, 
served until 1853. 

MILLER, JESSE. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1836 
to 1837, and died at Harrisburg, 
August 20, 1850. 



Biographical Sketches. 



337 



MILLER, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1825 
to 1827, having previously, as well 
as subsequently, served both in the 
Assembly and Senate of New York 
for a number of years. 

MILLER, JOHN. 

He was distinguished for his cou- 
rage as an officer, in the last war 
vdth England ; soon after the strug- 
gle, he was appointed Register of 
the Land-office in Missouri ; subse- 
quently elected Governor of the 
State ; and he was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1837 to 1843. 
Died near Florissant, Missouri, 
March 18, 1846. 

MILLER, JOHN G. 

Born in Kentucky, and in 1835 
emigrated to Missouri. In 1840 
was elected to the State Legisla- 
ture, and from 1853 to the time of 
his death he was a Representative 
in Congress, from Missouri. Died 
in Saline County, Missouri, May 11, 
1856, aged forty-four. 

MILLER, JOHN K. 

He was born in Ohio, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1847 to 1851. 

MILLER, JOSEPH. 

He was born in Ohio, was elected 
a Representative, from that State, 
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and is 
a member of the Committees on Un- 
finished Business and Expenditures 
in the Navy Department. 
22 



MILLER, KILLIAN. 

Born in Claverack, Columbia 
County, New York, July 30, 1785; 
received a good common school edu- 
cation, with instruction in the Latin 
and Greek languages. He studied 
law and was admitted to practice 
in 1806; from that time to the 
present he has continued to pur- 
sue his profession, removing from 
the town of Livingston to Hud- 
son City in 1833. In 1824 and 
in 1827 he was a member of 
the General Assembly, and in 
1837 was elected County Clerk, 
which office he held for three years. 
In 1854 he was chosen a Represen- 
tative in the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress. 

MILLER, MORRIS S. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1813 
to 1815; and in 1819 was appoint- 
ed a Commissioner to superintend 
a treaty with the Seneca Indians. 

MILLER, PLEASANT M. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1809 to 
1811. 

MILLER, SMITH. 

He is a native of North Carolina, 
but when a youth removed with 
his father to Indiana. His scjiool 
education was limited, and he en- 
gaged in farming as an occupation. 
He was a member of both branches 
of the Legislature of Indiana, and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1853 to 1855. 



338 



BioaKAPHicAL Sketches. 



MILLER, STEPHEN D. 

He was born in South Carolina ; 
graduated at the South Carolina 
College in 1808 ; adopted the pro- 
fession of law ; represented his na- 
tive State in the Lower House of 
Congress from 181'! to 1819; was 
Grovernor of South Carolina from 
1828 to 1830; and a Senator in 
Congress from 1831 to 1837. He 
died at Raymond, Mississippi, 
March 8, 1838. 

MILLER, WILLIAM S. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 'New York, from 1845 
to 184*7, and a man of high cultiva- 
tion. He died in New York City, 
N'ovember 9, 1854. 

MILLIGAN, JOHN .J. 
Born in Cecil County, Maryland, 
December 10, 1195; after receiving 
an academical education, he entered 
Princeton College, and remained 
three years ; he then studied law, 
and was admitted to practice in 
IS^ew Castle County, Delaware, in 
1818, and pursued his profession for 
several years, but subsequently re- 
tired to a country-seat near Wil- 
mington. In 1830 he was elected 
a member of the House of Repre- 
sentatives in Congress, and served 
from 1831 to 1839. In 1839 he 
was appointed, by the Governor, 
Judge of the Superior Court of the 
State of Delaware, and has con- 
tinued in this position ever since. 

MILLS, ELIJAH H. 
Born in 1778; graduated at Wil- 
liams College in 1T97 ; studied law; 



was a Representative in Congress, 
from Massachusetts, from 1815 to 
1819, and a Senator in Congress, 
from 1820 to 1827. He died at 
Northampton, May 5, 1829. 

MILLSON, JOHN S. 

Born in Norfolk, Yirginia, Octo- 
ber 1, 1808, and commenced the 
study of law before the age of six- 
teen ; he held no public office until 
elected a Representative, from Yir- 
ginia, in the Thirty-first Congress, 
which position he has filled, by re- 
elections, to the present time, and is a 
member of the Committee on Com- 
merce. 

MILLWARD, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1855 
to 1857. 

MILNOR, JAMES. 

He was born in Philadelphia, 
June 20, 1773; he received his edu- 
cation at a grammar school and at 
the University of Pennsylvania, and 
subsequently studied law. In 1794 
he commenced the practice of his 
profession, before he was twenty-one 
years of age. From 1811 to 1813 
he was a Representative, from Penn- 
sylvania, in Congress. In 1811 he 
was elected a delegate to the Grene- 
ral Convention of the Episcopal 
Church, and in 1814 was ordained 
a clergyman by Bishop White, and 
in 1816 was called to the rectorship 
of St. George's Church, in New 
York. He was one of the founders 



BlOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



of the New York Deaf and Dumb 
Institution, and after spending the 
evening in company with its direc- 
tors, in apparent good health, died 
suddenly, April 8, 1845. 

MILNOR, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1807 
to 1811, from 1815 to 1817, and 
again from 1821 to 1822. 

MINER, AIIIMAN L. 

He was born in "Vermont, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1851 to 1853. 

MINER, CHARLES. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1825 
to 1829. He is the author of a 
"History of Wyoming," 

MINER, PHINEAS. 

He was an eminent lawyer, and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Connecticut, during the years 1834 
and 1835. He died at Litchfield, 
in that State, September 16, 1839, 
aged sixty years. 

MITCHELL, ANDERSON. 
Born in Caswell County, North 
Carolina, in 1800. He graduated 
at the University of that State in 
1821 ; studied law, and settled in 
Wilkes County in 1840, when he 
was immediately elected to the Le- 
gislature. He was a member of 
Congress in 1842 and 1843, and 
since that time has devoted all his 
attention to his profession. 



MITCHELL, CHARLES F. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1837 to 1841. 

MITCHELL, GEORGE E. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1823 to 
1827, and again from 1829 to 1832. 
He died in Washington, June 28, 
1832. 

MITCHELL, HENRY. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1833 
to 1835. 

MITCHELL, JAMES C. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1825 
to 1829. 

MITCHELL, JAMES S. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1821 to 1827. 

MITCHELL, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1825 
to 1829. 

MITCHELL, NAHUM. 

Born in East Bridgewater, Mas- 
sachusetts, February 12, 1769; 
graduated at Harvard University 
in 1789; taught school, studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1792. From 1811 to 1821 he was 
Judge of the Circuit Court of 
Common Pleas, and afterwards 
Chief Justice. From 1798 to 1812 



540 



Biographical Sketches. 



lie was a Eepresentative in the 
General Court : and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1803 to 1805. 
In 1813 and 1814 he was State 
Senator; and from 1814 to 1820 
he was one of the Governor's Coun- 
cil ; and from 1822 to 182*7 he was 
Treasurer of the State. In 1840 
he published a history of Bridge- 
water, Massachusetts ; was a mem- 
ber of the Massachusetts Historical 
Society, and published a volume of 
Sacred Music, entitled the " Bridge- 
water Collection." He fell and 
died suddenly in one of the streets 
of Plymouth, August 1, 1853, while 
attending the first celebration of 
the embarkation of the Pilgrims at 
Delft Haven. 

MITCHELL, ROBERT. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1833 to 1835, from Ohio, 
of which State he was a native. 

MITCHELL, SAMUEL LATHAM. 

Born on Long Island in 1163, 
and was well educated ; after the 
close of the war he went to Edin- 
burgh and there studied medicine 
and natural history. On his return 
he was appointed Professor of 
Chemistry and Natural History in 
Columbia College ; and his prac- 
tice as a physician was extensive ; 
he edited, with Dr. Smith, fourteen 
volumes of the " Medical Reposi- 
tory ;" he also published a life of 
Tammany, the Indian Chief, and 
other useful works, historical and 
scientific. He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New York, 



from 1801 to 1804, and again from 
1810 to 1813 ; and a Senator from 
1804 to 1809. He died in New 
York, September 8, 1831. 

MITCHELL, STEPHEN M. 

He was born at Wethersfield, 
Connecticut, December 20, 1143-, 
graduated at Yale College in 1163 ; 
was chosen a tutor in the College 
in 1*766, in which station he con- 
tinued three years ; he entered upon 
the practice of law in 1*7*72 ; was 
appointed in 1*7*79 a Judge of the 
Hartford County Court, and in 
1*790 placed at the head of that 
Court; in 1*795 he was appointed 
Judge of the Superior Court of 
Connecticut, and in 180*7 Chief 
Justice of that Court, which office 
he held until 1814, when he became 
disqualified by age. He was a 
Delegate to the old Congress, in 
1*783 and 1*785; and in 1*793 he 
was appointed to the United States 
Senate, which position he held 
until 1*795, when he was made 
Judge of the Superior Court. It 
was to his services, while in Con- 
gress, that Connecticut was greatly 
indebted for the establishment of 
her title to the tract of land in 
Ohio called the " Western Re- 
serve." He died in the place of 
his birth, September 30, 1835. In 
him were combined the dignity of 
the Christian, the purity of the pa- 
triot, and the virtues of the faithful 
public servant and useful citizen. 

MITCHELL, THOMAS R. 
He graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity in 1802; was a Represen- 



Biographical Sketches. 



341 



tative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1821 to 1823, from 
1825 to 1829, and again from 1831 
to 1833; he died in 1837. 

MOFFIT, HOSEA. 

He was born in New York ; 
served six years in the Legislature 
of that State; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1813 to 
1817. 

MOLONY, EICHARD S. 
He was born in New Hampshire, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Illinois, from 1851 to 
1853. 

MONELL. ROBERT. 
He was a native of Columbia 
County, New York, and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1819 to 1821, and 
again from 1829 to 1831. 

MONROE, .JAMES. 

Born April 28, 1758, in West- 
moreland County, Virginia. He 
was educated at William and Mary 
College. In 1776 he joined the 
army in the revolutionary war, 
and continued with it till 1788, 
having displayed great bravery, 
when he retired and engaged in the 
study of law. In 1780 he held the 
office of Military Commissioner for 
Virginia, and in that capacity 
visited the Southern army. In 
1782 he was a member of the Vir- 
ginia Assembly; and in 1783 a 
Delegate to Congress. In 1788 
he was a member of the Conven- 
tion, in Virginia, to deliberate on 



the proposed Constitution for the 
United States. In 1790 he was 
elected a Senator of the United 
States, from Virginia. In 1794 
he received the appointment of 
Minister Plenipotentiary to France, 
and was recalled in 1797. In 1799 
he was elected Governor of Vir- 
ginia. In 1802 he was sent on a 
special mission to France, which 
resulted in the purchase of Loui- 
siana. In 1803 he was appointed 
Minister to England ; and in 1805 
he was associated with Charles 
Pinckney to negotiate with Spain. 
During his residence in England, 
he and Mr. William Pinckney ne- 
gotiated a commercial treaty with 
Great Britain, but it was never sub- 
mitted to the Senate, by President 
Jefferson. He returned to America 
in 1808. In 1811 he was Governor 
of Virginia, and the same year re- 
ceived, from President Madison, the 
appointment of Secretary of State, 
which office he held till his elec- 
tion as President, March 4, 1817. 
During a part of the time, in 1814 
and 1815, he also performed the 
duties of Secretary of War. He 
was again elected President in 1821. 
He died July 4, 1831. 

MONROE, .JAMES. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
having removed to New York, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, serving from 
1839 to 1841; he was a member of 
the Assembly of New York in 1850 
and 1852, and a State Senator dur- 
ing the three subsequent years. 



}42 



Biographical Sketches. 



MONTANYA, J. L. D. 

He was born in New York, served 
two years in the Assembly of that 
State, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 
1839 to 1841. 

MONTGOMERY, DANIEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 180t 
to 1809. 

MONTGOMERY, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1801 to 
1811. 

MONTGOMERY, JOHN G. 

He was elected a member of the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, bnt died before taking his 
seat, of the mysterious National 
Hotel disease, at Danville, Pennsyl- 
vania, April 24, 1857, aged fifty- 
two years. He was an excellent 
lawyer, of great experience and 
learning, and a brilliant career was 
anticipated for him in the arena of 
national politics. 

MONTGOMERY, THOMAS. 

He was born in Nelson County, 
Yirginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Kentucky, from 
1813 to 1815, and again from 1821 
to 1823. 

MONTGOMERY, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1193 
to 1195. 



MONTGOMERY, WILLIAM. 

Born in Gruilford County, North 
Carolina, and was educated for the 
medical profession. He was elected 
to the General Assembly in 1824, 
where he served, with but one inter- 
mission, until 1834, when he was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, and continued in that posi- 
tion until 1841. He died November 
21, 1844, aged fifty-three years. 



MONTGOMERY, AVILLIAM. 

Born in Canton Township, Penn- 
sylvania, April 11, 1819; gradu- 
ated at Washington College, Penn- 
sylvania, in 1889 ; he studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1842, 
and he was elected a Representative 
in Congress, in 1856, and still con- 
tinues in that capacity, serving in 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, on the 
Committee on Public Lands. He 
has been re-elected to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress. 



MOOR, WYMAN B. S. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Maine, from 1848 to 1849, by 
appointment, and for an unexpired 
term. 

MOORE, ANDREW. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 1189 to 
1191, and again from 1803 to 1804 ; 
when he was chosen to the United 
States Senate, and served until 
1809. 



BlOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



MOORE, ELI. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1835 
to 1839 

MOORE, GABRIEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Alabama, from 1822 to 
1829 ; a Senator in Congress, from 
1831 to 1837; and died at Caddo, 
Texas, in 1844. 

MOORE, HENRY D. 

He was born in Goshen, Orange 
County, New York, April 11, 1817 ; 
received liis education at one of 
the public schools of New York 
City; when sixteen years of age, 
he acquired a knowledge of the tai- 
loring business, which he followed 
until 1843; in that year he removed 
to Philadelphia, and became in- 
terested in the marble business ; 
and he was a Representative in 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1849 to 1853. 

MOORE, HERMAN A. 

He was born in Vermont, in 
1810, studied law in Rochester, 
New York, and removing to Co- 
lumbus, Ohio, obtained distinction 
as a lawyer, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1843 to the time of his death, 
which occurred in Columbus, April 
3, 1844. 

. MOORE, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Louisiana, from 1841 to 
1843. 



MOORE, JOHN. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1851 to 1853. 

MOORE, NICHOLAS R. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1803 to 
1811, and again from 1813 to 1816. 

MOORE, OSCAR F. 

He was born in Ohio, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1855 to 1857. 

MOORE, ROBERT. 

He was born in Washington 
County, Pennsylvania, and was a 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1817 to 1821. 

MOORE, SAMUEL. 

He was born in Cumberland 
County, New Jersey, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1819 to 1822. 

MOORE, S. McD. 

He was born in Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1833 to 1835. 

MOORE, SYDENHAM. 

Born in Rutherford County, Ten- 
nessee, but removed to Alabama 
with his parents, soon after its ad- 
mission as a State ; he was educa- 
ted at the University of Alabama ; 
was bred to the profession of the 
law; was Judge of the County 
Court of Green County, Alabama, 
for six years, and for a short time 



344 



Biographical Sketches. 



on the Circuit Court bench of that 
State ; resigned his judgeship, and 
went to Mexico as captain of a vol- 
unteer company, and served one 
year, a portion of the time in Gene- 
ral Taylor's line on the Rio Grande, 
and also in General Scott's line at 
Tampico, Yera Cruz, Alvarado, 
and Jalapa ; and, on his return 
home, was elected brigadier- gene- 
ral of militia ; and was chosen, in 
1857, a member of the Thirty-fifth 
Congress. He is a member of the 
Committee on Claims. 

MOORE, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1801 to 1813, and again from 1815 

to isit. ""• 

MOORE, THOMAS S. 

He was born in Jeiferson County, 
Virginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1820 to 1823. 

MOORE, THOMAS P. 

He was born in 1*795; was an 
officer in the war of 1812 ; member 
of Congress, from 1823 to 1829, 
and from 1833 to 1835; Minister 
to the Republic of Colombia in 
1829 ; and lieutenant-colonel in 
the regular army during the war 
with Mexico. He died in Harrods- 
burg, Kentucky, July 21, 1853. 

MOREHEAD, CHARLES S. 
He was born in Nelson County, 
Kentucky, in 1802 ; he adopted the 
profession of law, and after practic- 



ing it for a few years he was elect- 
ed to the State Legislature, serving 
during 1828 and 1829 ; he was ap- 
pointed, in 1832, Attorney-General 
of Kentucky, which office he held 
five years; in 1838, 1839, and 1840, 
he was again returned to the Legis- 
lature, officiating during the latter 
year as Speaker ; was re-elected 
and made Speaker in 1841 ; was 
again re-elected in 1842 and 1844, 
and for the third time chosen Speak- 
er ; and he was a Representative in 
Congress, from Kentucky, from 
184t to 1851 ; in 1853 he was once 
more returned to the Legislature; 
and in 1855 was elected Governor 
of Kentucky, which position he still 
occupies. He was for many years 
one of the most devoted friends and 
supporters of Henry Clay. 

MOREHEAD, JAMES T. 

Born in Covington, Kentucky, 
May 24, 1*797; studied law and 
entered upon the practice in 1818. 
He served three years in the State 
Legislature ; in 1832 he was elected 
Lieutenant-Governor of Kentucky, 
and after the death of Governor 
Breathitt, in 1834, became Gover- 
nor. In 183*7 he was again elected 
to the Legislature ; and in 1838 he 
was appointed President of the 
Board of Internal Improvements, 
which office he held until 1841, 
when he was elected to the United 
States Senate for the term of six 
years. He subsequently resumed 
the practice of his profession, and 
died at Covington, Kentucky, De- 
cember 28, 1854. 



Biographical Sketches. 



345 



MOREHEAD, I. T. 

A Representative in Congress, 
from North Carolina, from 1851 to 
1853. 

MORGAN, CHRISTOPHER. 

He was born in New York, gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1828, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from his native State, from 
1839 to 1843. 

MORGAN, DANIEL. 

Was a native of New Jersey, but 
removed in early life to Virginia. 
Having neither the advantages of 
wealth, nor of a good education, he 
was dependent for his support on 
hard labor. In 1755 he served as 
a private soldier under General 
Braddock. At the close of the cam- 
paign he retired to a farm in Frede- 
rick County. At the commencement 
of the Revolution he commanded a 
troop of cavalry, under General 
Washington, at Boston. He was 
detached on the expedition against 
Quebec, and when Arnold was 
wounded he took command of his di- 
vision ; but the retreat of the other 
division, after the fall of Montgo- 
mery, left Morgan to contend with 
the whole force of the enemy, and 
he was taken prisoner; on being 
exchanged he was appointed to the 
command of a regiment. He was 
with General Gates at the capture 
of Burgoyne. In 1178 he com- 
manded a corps on the Schuylkill 
to cut off supplies from the British 
in Philadelphia. He served in the 



Southern campaign, under General 
Greene, and advanced to the rank of 
brigadier-general, receiving from 
Congress a gold medal, for the skill 
and bravery he displayed at the bat- 
tle of Cowpens in the defeat of Tarle- 
ton. In 1794 he commanded the 
militia of Virginia, ordered out by 
President Washington, for the pur- 
pose of suppressing the Whisky In- 
surrection in Pennsylvania. He 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1795 to 1799. In 1799 he 
published an address to his consti- 
tuents, vindicating the administra- 
tion of Mr, Adams. He died at 
Winchester, Virginia, in 1802, aged 
sixty-nine. 

MORGAN, EDWIN*!5r <^, 

Born at Aurora, Cayuga County, 
New York, May 2, 1806. He was 
a merchant by occupation, until his 
election to the Thirty-third Con- 
gress as Representative ; and he 
was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth 
and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is 
a member of the Committtee on 
Public Buildings and Grounds. 

MORGAN, JAMES. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1811 to 1813. 

MORGAN, .JOHN I. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly ; a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1821 to 1825; and again in the As- 
sembly in 1836 and 1840. 



m 



Biographical Sketches. 



MORGAN, WILLIAM S. 

Born in Monongalia County, Vir- 
ginia, September 1, 1801. He was 
self-educated ; served as a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Yirgi- 
nia, from 1835 to 1839, and was 
Chairman of the Committee on Re- 
volutionary Pensions, and declined 
a re-election; in 1840 he was ap- 
pointed a clerk in the House of 
Representatives, from which posi- 
tion he was transferred to the Le- 
gislature of Virginia, and declined 
a re-election; he was a Democratic 
Elector in 1843; and in 1845, hav- 
ing injured his health by public 
speaking, he was appointed to a 
clerkship in the Treasury Depart- 
ment, where he still continues. 

MORRIL, DAVID L. 

Born in Epping, New Hampshire 
June 10, 1172, and died February 
4, 1849. He attended Exeter Aca- 
demy, studied medicine, and com- 
menced the practice at Epsom in 
1193. He also studied theology, 
and was ordained a pastor, but re- 
signed his charge in 1811, and re- 
sumed the practice of medicine. He 
was a Representative to the Gene- 
ral Court, and in 1816 was chosen 
to the United States Senate for six 
years. He subsequently became a 
member of the State Senate, and its 
President, and afterwards, for four 
successive terms, was elected Gover- 
nor of New Hampshire. He wrote 
and published many occasional dis- 
courses and essays, on various reli- 
gious and secular topics. 



MORRILL, JUSTIN S. 

He was born in Strafford, Ver- 
mont, April 14, 1810; received an 
academical education, and engaged 
in mercantile pursuits until the year 
1848, when he devoted himself to 
agriculture. He was elected a Re- 
presentative, from Vermont, in the 
Thirty-fourth Congress, and was re- 
elected a member of the Thirty- 
fifth ; he was a member of the Com- 
mittee on the Sale of Port Snelling, 
and serving at the present time on 
the Committee on Agriculture. 

MORRIS, CALVARY. 

He was born in Virginia, and 

was a Representative in Congress, 
from Ohio, from 1831 to 1844. 

MORRIS, EDWARD JOY. 

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsyl- 
vania, July 15, 1811 ; graduated at 
Harvard University; was a mem- 
ber of the House of Represen- 
tatives of Pennsylvania in 1841, 
1842, and 1843; and elected to 
the Twenty-ninth Congress, as Re- 
presentative from the First Con- 
gressional District ; was appointed 
United States Charge d'Affaires to 
Naples in 1850, where he remained 
four years. On his return to Phila- 
delphia, was chosen a member of 
the Board of Directors of Girard 
College. In 1856 was again elected 
to the State Legislature, and in the 
fall of that year was elected to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a mem- 
ber of the Committee for the Dis- 
trict of Columbia. As an author, 



Biographical Sketches. 



347 



his publications are, "A Tour 
through Turkey, Greece and Egypt, 
Arabia Petraea," etc., " The Turkish 
Empire, Social and Political," "Af- 
raja, or Life and Love in Norway," 
(a translation,) and also a transla- 
tion from the German of Gregozo- 
vius, "Corsica, Social and Politi- 
cal," etc. He has been re-elected 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress. 

MORRIS, GOUVERNEUR. 

Minister from the United States 
to France, and an eminent American 
statesman and orator. He gradu- 
ated at King's College, in the City 
of New York, in 1168. He was 
bred to the law, and attained great 
celebrity in the profession. In 1715 
he was a Delegate to the Provincial 
Congress, from New York ; and 
was employed in the public service 
in various capacities, during the re- 
volutionary contest, and in all of 
them displayed great zeal and 
ability. After the war of the Re- 
volution he retired from public 
life, although an active member 
of the Convention which formed 
the present Constitution of the 
United States. In 1792 he was 
appointed Minister to France, and 
remained in that capacity till Octo- 
ber, 1794. He returned to America 
in 1798, and in 1800 ^vas chosen a 
Senator of the United States, from 
New York. He died in 1816, aged 
sixty-four. His publications were 
numerous; a selection from his 
papers, with a sketch of his life, have 
been published by Jared Sparks. 



MORRIS, JOSEPH. 

Born in Green County, Pennsyl- 
vania, October 16, 1795. He was 
left an orphan at the age of ten 
years, and having been apprenticed 
to the trade of a wheelwright, he 
continued to follow the business 
until he was twenty-five years old. 
In 1824 he was elected sheriff of 
his native county. In 1829 he re- 
moved to Ohio, and devoted himself 
to merchandizing ; he was elected 
to the Ohio Legislature in 1833 and 
1834; he was Treasurer for Monroe 
County for one year, and, while in 
that office, was elected to Congress 
in 1843, and re-elected in 1845, 
serving two entire terms. He died 
at Woodfield, Ohio, October 23, 
1854. 

MORRIS, LEWIS R. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Vermont, from 1797 to 
1803. 

MORRIS, MATHIAS. 

A Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1835 to 
1839, and was much respected for 
his talents. He died at Doyles- 
town, Pennsylvania, November 9, 
1839, aged fifty-four years. 

MORRIS, ROBERT. 

He was a native of England, but 
came to the United States when a 
boy of thirteen, and settled in 
Philadelphia as a clerk, where he 
spent the most of his life as an in- 
fluential merchant and financier. 



348 



Biographical Sketches. 



He was a member of the Congress 
of 1776, and signed the Declaration 
of Independence. In 1781 he ob- 
tained the control of the American 
finances, and rendered important 
services to his adopted country. 
He was a member of the Conven- 
tion which formed the present Con- 
stitution, and was chosen a United 
States Senator, serving from 1789 
to 1795. Notwithstanding his valu- 
able services to his country, he 
passed the latter years of his life in 
imprisonment for debt ; until the 
period of his impoverishment, his 
house had been the scene of most 
liberal hospitality. He died May 
8, 1806, aged seventy-one years. 

MORRIS, SAMUEL W. 

Born in 1788; was for many years 
Judge of the District Court of Tio- 
ga County, Pennsylvania, and was 
a member of the House of Repre- 
sentatives, in Congress, from 1837 
to 1841. He died in Wellsborough, 
Pennsylvania, May 25, 1847. 

MORRIS, THOMAS. 

He was for three years a mem- 
ber of the New York Assembly, 
from Ontario County, and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1801 to 
1803. 

MORRIS, THOMAS. 

He was born in Yirginia, Janu- 
ary 3, 1776, and was the son of a 
Baptist clergyman. When nine- 
teen years of age he emigrated to 
the valley of the Ohio, and settled 
near the present site of Cincinnati, 



but two years afterwards removed to 
the County of Clermont. In 1802, 
while engaged in the avocation of 
a day-laborer, and without an in- 
structor, he commenced the study 
of law, adopted the profession, and 
became eminent. In 1806 he was 
elected to the Legislature of Ohio, 
and represented Clermont County, 
either in the Senate or House, for a 
period of twenty-four years, doing 
much to develop the resources of 
his adopted State. He was also 
Chief Judge of Ohio, and he was 
elected a Senator in Congress, for 
the long term, from 1833 to 1839. 
He died December 7, 1844, and his 
life and collected speeches and 
writings have been published in 
one volume, under the supervision 
of his son, Rev. B. F. Morris. 
"While in Congress he ably defended 
the freedom of the press, the free- 
dom of speech, and the right of pe- 
tition. 

MORRIS, .JONATHAN D. 

He is the eldest son of the pre- 
ceding ; was born in Ohio, and is a 
lawyer by profession, He served 
for twenty years as Clerk of the 
Court of Common Pleas and of the 
Supreme Court of Clermont Coun- 
ty, Ohio ; and he was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Ohio, from 
1847 to 1851. Now devoted to the 
practice of his profession. 

MORRIS, ISAAC N. 

He is the fourth son of Thomas 
Morris, and brother of the above 
named ; and was born in Ohio, 



Biographical Sketches. 



349 



January 22, 1812. He studied law 
and was admitted to the bar in 
1835 ; in 1836 he emigrated to 
Illinois, and settled in Quincy, where 
he still resides. In 1840 he was 
appointed Secretary of State for 
Illinois, but declined the position ; 
in 1841 he was chosen President of 
the Illinois and Michigan Canal 
Company; in 1846 he was elected 
to the State Legislature, from 
Adams County; in 1856 he was 
elected a Representative, from Illi- 
nois, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress. He is at the present 
time a member of the Committe on 
Roads and Canals. 

MORRISON, JOHN A. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1851 to 1853. 

MORRISON, GEORGE W. 

He was born in Yermont, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
New Hampshire, from 1850 to 1851, 
and again from 1853 to 1855. 

MORROW, JEREMIAH. 

Born in Pennsylvania in 17 70, 
but removed to the Northwest Ter- 
ritory, now the State of Ohio, in 
1795, and was chosen a member of 
the Territorial Legislature in 1800. 
He was the first Representative in 
Congress, from Ohio, serving from 
1803 to 1813, and was a Senator in 
Congress, from 1813 to 1819, being 
appointed, in 1814, a Commissioner 
to treat with the Indians. He was 



Governor of Ohio, from 1822 to 
1826; subsequently a Canal Com- 
missioner ; served a second time as 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1841 to 1843, ofiBciating as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Public 
Lands ; and for several years before 
his death was President of the 
Little Miami Railroad Company. 
He died in Ohio, March 22, 1852. 

MORSE, FREEMAN H. 

He was born in Maine, and was 
elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from that 
State, and is a member of the Com- 
mittee on the Cost of Public Print- 
ing, and that on Naval Affairs. He 
has been re-elected to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress. 

MORSE, ISAAC E. 

He was born in Louisiana, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State from 1843 to 1851. 

MORSE, 0. A. 

Born in Cherry Valley, Otsego 
County, New York, March 26, 
1815 ; graduated at Hamilton Col- 
lege, New York; studied law, but 
has not practiced of late years ; and 
was elected a Representative to 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving 
as a member of the Committee on 
Invalid Pensions. 

MORTON, JACKSON. 

He was born in Virginia and re- 
moving to Florida, was a Senator 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1849 to 1855. He subsequently 



350 



BioaRAPHicAL Sketches. 



entered extensively into the busi- 
ness of manufacturing lumber, in 
Florida. 

MORTON, JEREMIAH. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1849 to, 1851. 

MORTON, MARCUS. 

He was born in Freetown, Mas- 
sachusetts, December 19, 1784; 
graduated at Brown University in 
1804; studied law, and devoted 
himself to politics; in 1811 he was 
chosen Clerk of the Massachusetts 
Senate ; he was a Representative in 
Congress, from Massachusetts, from 
1817 to 1821 ; in 1823 was a mem- 
ber of the Executive Council of 
that State ; in 1824 was elected 
Lieutenant-Governor ; subsequently 
a Judge of the Supreme Court of 
Massachusetts ; and in 1839 was 
chosen Governor of the State, after 
which he retired to private life. 

MOSELY, JONATHAN OGDEN. 

Born at East Haddon, Middle- 
sex County, Connecticut; was a 
graduate of Yale College in 1780; 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from his native State, from 1805 to 
1821. He subsequently removed 
to Michigan, and died at Saginaw, 
in that State, September 9, 1839, 
aged seventy-seven years. 

MOSELY, WILLIAM A. 

He graduated at Yale College 
in 1816 ; was a member of the New 
York Assembly in 1835 ; of the 



State Senate, from 1838 to 1841 ; 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from 1843 to 1847. 

MOTT, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1801 to 1805. 

MOTT, RICHARD. 

Born in Mamaroneck, "Westches- 
ter County, New York, July 21, 
1804. He was educated at the 
Quaker Seminary of " Nine Part- 
ners," in Dutchess County, New 
York; bred a merchant, and has 
resided in Toledo, Ohio, for twenty 
years ; and, having been elected to 
the Thirty-fourth Congress, was re- 
elected to the Thirty-fifth. 

MOULTON, MACE. 
He was born in New Hamp- 
shire, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1845 to 1847. 

MOUTON, ALEXANDER. 
He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Louisiana, from 1837 to 1842. 

MUHLENBERG, FREDERICK A. 

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylva- 
nia ; was Treasurer of the State ; 
President of the Convention which 
ratified the Constitution of the 
United States, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1789 to 
1797; and Speaker of the House 
during the First and Third Con- 
gresses. He died at Lancaster, 
Pennsylvania, June 4, 1801, aged 
fifty-one years. 



BlOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 






MUHLENBERG, HENRY A. 

He was born in Reading, Penn- 
sylvania, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1853 to 1854, He died January 9, 
1854, in the prime of life. 

MUHLENBERG, HENRY AUGUSTUS. 

He was born in Lancaster, Penn- 
sylvania, May 13, 1*782. Under the 
instruction of his father, a learned 
clergyman of the Lutheran Church, 
he completed the usual course of 
collegiate studies at an early age; 
and in 1802 he was ordained as a 
Lutheran clergyman, and had the 
pastoral charge of Trinity Church 
at Reading, in which position he 
remained until 1828, when, on ac- 
count of ill health, he resigned, and 
retired to a farm In 1829 he was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, serving until 1838, when he 
resigned his seat, having, during his 
term of office, been chairman of se- 
veral important committees. In 
1835 he was the Democratic candi- 
date for Governor, but the Whig 
party was successful. In 1837 
President Yan Buren tendered him 
a place in his cabinet as Secretary 
of the Navy, and also the mission to 
Russia, both of which he declined, but 
in 1838 he accepted the mission to 
Austria, and was recalled at his own 
request in 1841. In 1844 he was 
again a candidate for Governor, but 
he died suddenly at Reading, Au- 
gust 12, 1844, a few weeks before 
the election, leaving the reputation 
of an upright and able statesman. 



MUHLENBERG, PETER. 

He was born at the Trappe, Mont- 
gomery County, Pennsylvania, Oc- 
tober 1, 1746. He was educated in 
Germany, and, on his return home, 
studied theology with his father. 
In 1772 he went to London with 
Bishop White, who was also a can- 
didate for holy orders, and was or- 
dained, by the Bishop of London, 
as an Episcopal clergyman. He 
was for a few years settled over a 
parish in Yirginia, but at the com- 
mencement of the Revolution he 
was urged to take a military com- 
mand ; and he accordingly preach- 
ed his last sermon to his parishion- 
ers, throwing off his clerical robes 
and appearing in the pulpit in full 
uniform, saying, " There is a time 
for all things, and now is the time 
to fight;" read his commission as 
colonel, and ordered the drummers 
to beat for recruits ; his parishion- 
ers crowded to the standard, and he 
had no diflBeulty in forming a regi- 
ment. His first campaigns were 
fought in Georgia and South Caro- 
lina, In 1777 he was promoted to 
the rank of brigadier-general, and 
participated in the battles of Bran- 
dy wine,* German town, Monmouth, 
and Stony Point ; and in 1780 held 
the chief command, when Leslie in- 
vaded "Virginia, and was next in 
command to La Fayette when Corn- 
wallis entered Yirginia. He com- 
manded the First Brigade of Light 
Infantry at Yorktown; and when 
the army was disbanded, he receiv- 
ed the commission of major-gene- 



352 



Biographical Sketches. 



ral. After returning to his abode 
in Pennsylvania, he was elected a 
member of the Supreme Executive 
Council of the State. In 1185 he 
was chosen Yice-President of the 
Commonwealth, and upon the adop- 
tion of the Federal Constitution he 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, serving from 1789 to 
1791, from 1793 to 1795, and from 
1799 to 1801. In 1797 he was a 
Presidential Elector; and in 1801 
he was elected United States Sena- 
tor, but resigned in 1802, and was 
appointed Supervisor of the Reve- 
nue for the District of Pennsylva- 
nia. In 1803 he was made Col- 
lector of the port of Philadelphia, 
and held this office until his death, 
which occurred October 1, 1807. 

MULLEN, JOSEPH. 
He was a native of Ireland, and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1847 to 1849. 

MUMFORD, GEORGE. 

Born in Rowan County, North 
Carolina. He represented it in 
the General Assembly in 1810 and 
1811 ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1817 to 1819, hav- 
ing died in Washington before the 
expiration of his term. 

MUMFORD, GURDON S. 
He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1805 to 1811. 

MURFREE, WILLIAM H. 
Born in Hertford County, North 
Carolina; graduated at Chapel 



Hill in 1801, and having studied 
law, was a successful advocate. He 
served in the State Legislature in 
1805, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1813 to 1817. In 
1825 he emigrated to Tennessee, 
and soon after died at Nashville. 

MURPHY, CHARLES. 

He was born in South Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Georgia, from 1851 to 
1853. 

MURPHY, JOHN. 

He was a native of South Caro- 
lina; graduated at the South Ca- 
rolina College in 1808 ; was Clerk 
of the Senate of South Carolina; 
Governor of Alabama, from 1825 
to 1829, and a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1833 to 1835. He died in Clark 
County, Alabama, September 21, 
1841, in the fifty-sixth year of his 
age. 

MURPHY, HENRY C. 

He was born in Brooklyn, New 
York, in 1810 ; graduated at Co- 
lumbia College in 1830; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1833 ; was at one time Attorney 
for the City of Brooklyn ; was 
elected Mayor of that city in 1842; 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1843 to 1849 ; 
and by President Buchanan, was 
appointed Minister to the Hague. 
In his tastes, he is decidedly lite- 
rary, and has devoted much atten- 
tion to the investigation of the early 
history of his native State. 



Biographical Sketches. 



353 



MURRAY, AMBROSE S. 

He was born in New York, and 
was elected a Representative, from 
that State, to the Thirty-fourth and 
Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is a 
member of the Committee on Mile- 
age. 

MURRAY, JOHN, 

He was born in Lancaster, Penn- 
sylvania, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
181Y to 1821. 

MURRAY, JOHN L. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1838 to 
1839. 

MURRAY, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821 
to 1823. 

MURRAY, WILLIAM. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1851 to 1855. 

MURRAY, WILLIAM VAN8. 

He was born in Maryland, about 
the year 1761. In 1783 he went 
to London, and entered as a stu- 
dent of law at the Temple, and 
remained three years. On return- 
ing to his native State, he engaged 
in the practice of law, but was soon 
elected to a seat in the Legislature. 
In 1791 be was elected a Repre- 
sentative to Congress, and con- 
tinued in that position until 1797, 
when he declined being a candi- 
23 



date. He was appointed, by Wash- 
ington, Minister to the Batavian 
Republic ; and in connection with 
Mr. Ellsworth, and Mr. Davie, he 
negotiated a treaty with France in 
1800. He returned to the United 
States in 1801, and died, December 
11, 1803. He possessed great keen- 
ness of wit and delicacy of taste, 
and was distinguished for his elo- 
quence, having a mind well stored 
with science and literature. 

NABERS, BENJAMIN D. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
on removing to Mississippi, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1853. 

NAUDAIN, ARNOLD. 

He was bom in Delaware ; gra- 
duated at Princeton College in 
1806, and was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1829 
to 1836. 

NAYLOR, CHARLES. 

Born in the County of Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania, October 6, 
1806; educated a lawyer, admitted 
in 1828 to the bar of Philadelphia, 
and was there for some years ex- 
tensively engaged in practice. He 
represented his native district in 
Congress, from 1837 to 1841. In 
1846 he raised in Philadelphia a 
company of volunteers, and, as their 
captain, took part in the war with 
Mexico ; rendezvoused at the Island 
of Lobos, in the Gulf of Mexico ; 



354 



Biographical Sketches. 



landed with the invading army at 
Yera Cruz; was active in the 
operations before that city, and in 
most of the engagements, on Ge- 
neral Scott's line. Upon the fall 
of the City of Mexico, September 
14, 184T, he was appointed Go- ■ 
vernor of the National Palace, (the 
"Halls of the Monteznmas,") and 
keeper of the archives and pro- 
perty of that Republic; and con- 
tinued to hold that place, and to 
aid in the administration of the go- 
vernment of the city, till the final 
evacuation of it by the American 
army, June 12, 1848. He has 
filled many posts of trust and honor 
in his native State, and is at pre- 
sent engaged in the practice of his 
profession in the City of Wash- 
ington. 

NEAL, RAPHAEL. 

He was born in St. Mary's 
County, Maryland ; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1819 to 1825. 

NELSON, HUGH. 

He was born in Yirginia ; and 
was at one time Speaker of the 
House of Delegates of Virginia; 
a Judge of the General Court; a 
member of Congress, from 1811 to 
1823, and immediately afterwards 
appointed American Minister to 
Spain. He died in Albemarle 
County, March 18, 1836. 

NELSON, JEREMIAH. 

He was born in Essex County, 
Massachusetts, in 1778; served as 



a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1805 to 1807, and 
again from 1815 to 1823 ; and died 
at Newburyport, October 2, 1838. 

NELSON, JOHN. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1821 to 1823, 
and in 1831 was appointed Charge 
d'Afifaires to the Two Sicilies. 

NELSON, ROGER. 

He was a general in the revolu- 
tionary war ; and a Representative 
in Congress, from Maryland, from 
1804to 1810, and died at Frederick- 
town, June 7, 1815, at an advanced 
age. 

NELSON, THOMAS M. 

He was born in Yirginia in 1782 ; 
served with distinction in the war 
of 1812, as a captain of infantry ; 
after the war he was promoted to 
the rank of major, but resigned his 
commission ; was a Representative 
in Congress, from his native State, 
from 1816 to 1819, when he de- 
clined a re-election and retired to 
private life. He died November 
10, 1853. 

NELSON, WILLIAM. 

Born in Clinton, Dutchess County, 
New York, June 29, 1784 ; he re- 
ceived an academical education ; 
studied law and was admitted to 
the bar in 1807 ; was District At- 
torney for the Counties of West- 
chester, Putnam, and Rockland for 
a period of thirty years ; was a 



Biographical Sketches. 



355 



member of the Assembly of New 
York, in 1819 and 1820; and a 
State Senator, in 1823 ; and he was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1847 to 1851. 
He is at the present time a resident 
of Peelvskill. 

NES, HENRY. 

Born in York, Pennsylvania, in 
1799, and was educated a physician. 
He was frequently called to fill 
places of trust and I'esponsibility in 
his native town, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1843 
to 1845, and again from 1846 to 
1850. He was retiring in his ha- 
bits, but had many devoted friends. 
He died September 10, 1850. 

NESBITT, WILSON. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1817 to 1819 

NEVEL, JOSEPH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1793 to 

1795. 

NEW, ANTHONY. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1793 to 
1805, and on taking up his resi- 
dence in Kentucky, was elected a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1811 to 1813, from 
1817 to 1819, and from 1821 to 
1823. 

NEWBOLD, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1807 
to 1813. 



NEWELL, WILLIAM A. 

He was boi'n in Ohio, was edu- 
cated for the medical profession, 
and on taking up his residence in 
New Jersey, was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1847 to 
1851. In 1856 he was elected Go- 
vernor of New Jersey for the term 
ending in 1860. 

NEWHARD, PETER. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1839 
to 1843. 

NEWMAN, DANIEL. 

He served as a soldier in the 
early Indian wars in Georgia, held 
many high positions in the State, 
and was a member of Congress, 
from 1831 to 1833. He died in 
Walker County, Georgia. 

NEWTON, EBENEZER. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
fr9m Ohio, from 1851 to 1853. 

NEWTON, THOMAS. 

Born in 1769; was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1801 to 1829, and again from 
1831 to 1833. He died in Norfolk, 
Virginia, August 5, 1847. 

NEWTON, THOMAS W. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Arkansas, from 1845 to 
1846. 



156 



Biographical Sketches. 



NEWTON, WILLOUGHBY. 

He was born in Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1843 to 1845. 

NIBLACK, WILLIAM E. 

Born in Dubois County, Indiana, 
May 19, 1822. He studied law and 
was admitted to practice in 1843; 
during that year he was appointed 
County Surveyor; in 1849 he was 
elected to the State Legislature, 
where he served until 1852 ; in 1854 
he was appointed a Circuit Judge, 
and subsequently elected for six 
years. He was elected a Represen- 
tative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
from Indiana, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Mileage, and has recently 
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress. 

NICHOLAS, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1793 to 
1801. 

NICHOLAS, R. C. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Louisiana, from 1836 to 1841. 

NICHOLAS, WILSON C. 

A Governor of Virginia; an of- 
ficer in the war of the Revolution, 
and a member of the Convention 
which ratified the Constitution of 
the United States. He was a dis- 
tinguished member of the National 
House of Representatives, from 
1807 to 1809, and of the Senate of 
the United States from 1799 to 
1804, and ably supported the mea- 



sures of President Jefi'erson's ad- 
ministration. In 1804 he resigned 
his seat in the Senate, and accepted 
the office of Collector of the ports 
of Norfolk and Portsmouth. He 
was afterwards a member of the 
House ; but he resigned his seat in 
1809. In 1814 he was Governor, 
and remained in office until 1817. 
He died at Milton, October 10, 
1820. 

NICHOLS, MATTHIAS H. 

Born in Salem County, New Jer- 
sey, October 3, 1824. His educa- 
tion was acquired in a printing- 
office and by the aid of friends, who 
instructed him after the ordinary 
hours of labor. He studied law, 
and in 1849 was licensed to practice 
in Auglaize County, Ohio. He 
was Prosecuting Attorney for Allen 
County; resigned the office in 1852 
to become a candidate for Congress, 
and was elected a Representative to 
the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and 
Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is a 
member of the Joint Committee on 
Printing. 

NICHOLSON, A. 0. P. 

He was born in Williamson Coun- 
ty, Tennessee, August 31, 1808; 
graduated at Chapel Hill Univer- 
sity, North Carolina, in 1827 ; set- 
tled in Tennessee as a lawyer ; was 
a member of the Tennessee Legisla- 
ture from 1833 to 1839; was a Se- 
nator in Congress, from that State, 
from 1840 to 1842 ; was a member 
of the Tennessee Senate from 1843 
to 1845 ; was Chancellor of the 



Biographical Sketches. 



357 



middle division of the State in 1845 ; 
was President of the Bank of Ten- 
nessee in 1846 and 1847 ; was elect- 
ed Printer of the House of Repre- 
sentatives, by the Thirty-third Con- 
gress, and Printer of the Senate, by 
the Thirty-fourth Congress; and 
from 1853 to 1856 he was editor of 
the Washington Daily Union. He 
has been elected a Senator in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, for the term 
commencing in 1859 and ending in 
1865. 

NICHOLSON, JOHN. 

He was a member for several 
years of the New York Assembly, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1809 to 1811. 

NICHOLSON. JOSEPH HOPPER 

A native of Maryland; received 
a good education, and was a lawyer 
by profession In 1805 he was ap- 
pointed Chief Judge of the Sixth 
Judicial District, and was also a 
Judge of the Court of Appeals of 
Maryland. From 1799 to 1806 he 
was a Representative in Congress, 
and died March 4, 1817, aged forty- 
seven years. 

NICOLL, HENRY. 

Born in the City of New York, 
October 23, 1812; graduated at 
Columbia College in 1830 ; studied 
law and has practiced with success ; 
was a member of the New York 
Constitutional Convention in 1846 ; 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1847 to 1849. 



NILES, JOHN M. 

He was born in Windsor, Con- 
necticut, in 1787, and was bred to 
the bar, and went to Hartford in 
1816 to practice law. In 1817 he 
was there concerned in publishing 
the Times, which he edited for a 
time. In 1820 he was commissioned 
Judge of the County Court. He was 
appointed Postmaster of Hartford, 
by President Jackson, and held the 
office until made a Senator in Con- 
gress, in 1835, in which position he 
remained until 1839. In 1840 he 
was appointed Postmaster- General, 
by President Van Buren. In 1842 
he was again elected to the United 
States Senate, served six years, re- 
tired to private life, and died May 
31, 1856. He was fond of literary 
pursuits, and his contributions to 
the periodical press were abundant. 
He edited a Gazetteer of Connec- 
ticut and Rhode Island, and wrote 
a History of South America. In 
his will he gave $20,000 for the 
benefit of the poor of Hartford, 
and bequeathed his library to the 
Historical Society of Connecticut. 



NILES, NATHANIEL. 

He was born in South Kingston, 
Rhode Island, in 1741; graduated 
at Princeton College in 1766 ; was 
a student of law, medicine, and 
theology; was the inventor of 
making wire from bar iron, by 
water power, and erected at Nor- 
wich, Connecticut, a woolen card 
manufactory ; he was a member of 



358 



Biographical Sketches. 



the Yermont Legislature, and 
Speaker of the House ; a Judge of 
the Saprerae Court of that State ; 
was six times a Presideatial Elec- 
tor; and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yermont, from 1T91 to 
1T95. He wrote poetry, and many- 
sermons, and preached in his own 
house twelve years. He died at 
West Fairlee, Yermont, in Novem- 
ber, 1828. 

NISBET, E. A. 

He was born in Georgia; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1839 to 1842. 

NIVEN, ARCHIBALD C. 

He was born in New York ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1845 to 
1847. 

NOBLE, DAVID A. 

He was born in Massachusetts ; 
liberally educated ; adopted the 
profession of law ; and on removing 
to Michigan, was elected a Repre 
"sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1853 to 1855. 

NOBLE, JAMES. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Indiana, from 1816 to 1831, 
having died February 26, of the 
latter year. He was a native of 
Battletown, Clark County, Yir- 
ginia, but removed when a youth to 
Kentucky, and subsequently to In- 
diana. He was a self-educated 
man and very influential in his 
adopted State. 



NOBLE, WILLIAM H, 

He was born in New York ; 
served three years in the Assembly 
of that State, from Cayuga County ; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 183t 
to 1839. 

NORRIS, MOSES. 
Born in Pittsfield, New Hamp- 
shire, in 1799 ; graduated at Dart- 
mouth College in 1828; studied 
law, and devoted himself success- 
fully to the practice ; in 1839 he 
was elected to the State Legisla- 
ture, and in 1840 was elected 
Speaker of the House; in 1841 he 
was elected a member of the State 
Council; and in 1844 he was elected 
a Representative in Congress, 
where he continued four years. In 
1847 he was again a member of the 
Legislature, and Speaker ; and 
while serving in that capacity he 
was elected a Senator in Congress, 
serving from 1849 to 1855; and he 
died at Washington, January 11, 
1855. 

NORTH, WILLIAM. 

He was aid to Baron Steuben, in 
the revolutionary war, and after- 
wards appointed adjutant-general. 
He was a Representative, from New 
York, in Congress, in 1798; died 
at New York, January 4, 1836, 
aged eighty-three years ; and was 
buried at Duanesburg. 

NORTON, EBENEZER F. 

He was born in New York ; 
served in the State Assembly, from 
Erie County, in 1823 ; and was a 



Biographical Sketches. 



359 



Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1829 to 1831. 

NORTON, JESSE 0. 

He was born in Yermont, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Illinois, from 1853 to 1857. 

NORVELL, JOHN. 

He was bred a printer, was for a 
time the editor of a newspaper in 
Philadelphia, was appointed, by 
President Jackson, Postmaster of 
Detroit, in Michigan, and, having 
become identified with the Territo- 
ry of Michigan, became one of the 
Senators in Congress, from the 
new State, having served in that 
capacity from 1835 to 1841. He 
died a few years after retiring from 
public life. 

NOTT, ABRAHAM. 

He graduated at Yale College 
in 1787, was Judge of the Supreme 
Court of South Carolina, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1799 to 1801. 

NOYES, JOHN. 
He was a graduate of Dartmouth 
College in 1795, was subsequently 
a tutor in that institution, and was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yermont, from 1815 to 
1817. He died in 1841, aged 
seventy-eight years. 

NOYES, JOSEPH C. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1837 to 
1839, and a member of the Com- 
mittee on Agriculture. 



NUCKOLLS, AVILLL\M C. 

He was born in South Carolina ; 
graduated at the university of that 
State in 1820 ; adopted the profes- 
sion of law ; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from South Caro- 
lina, from 1827 to 1833.. 

OAKLEY, THOM.A.S JACKSON. 

Born in Dutchess County, New 
York, in 1783; graduated at Yale 
College in 1801 ; studied law, and 
entered on the practice at Pough- 
keepsie, New York. In 1810 he was 
appointed Surrogate of Dutchess 
County, and in 1813 was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, 
where he continued until 1815, 
when he resumed his profession, 
and was elected a member of the 
Assembly. He was appointed 
Attorney-General of the State of 
New York in 1819, in 1820 again 
served in the Assembly, and in 
1827 he was again elected to Con- 
gress In 1828, when the Superior 
Court of New York City was or- 
ganized, he was appointed one of 
its judges ; and on the re-organi- 
zation of the Court, under the 
Constitution of 1846, he was elect- 
ed the Chief Justice, and continued 
in that position until his death, 
which occurred in New York City, 
May 11, 1857. The duties of the 
various stations to which he was 
called he discharged with fidelity 
and marked ability. 

O'BRIEN, JEREMIAH. 

Born at Machias, Maine, in 1768, 
and died at Boston, May 30, 1858. 



Biographical Sketches. 



He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1823 to 
1829. Early in life, and after the 
separation of Maine from Massa- 
chusetts, he was for several years in 
the Legislature of the new State. 
His educational advantages were 
limited, but he was a man of sound 
sense and solid judgment. He was 
both a farmer and a merchant. 

OGDEN, AARON. 

He was born in Elizabethtown, 
New Jersey, December 3, 1156 ; 
graduated at Nassau Hall in It 13; 
taught school for a time ; served 
as an officer in the army, during 
the whole revolutionary war ; had 
a horse shot from under him at 
the battle of Springfield, New 
Jersey; participated in the Sul- 
livan campaign against the In- 
dians; and for his services at 
Yorktown was complimented by 
Washington; after the war, he pur- 
sued the legal profession with dis- 
tinction ; was a Presidential Elector 
in 1800 ; was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from 1801 to 1803; was Go- 
vernor of New Jersey in 1812 ; and 
at the time of his death was Pre- 
sident-General of the Society of 
Cincinnati. He died at Jersey 
City, April 19, 1839. During the 
war of 1812, President Madison 
offered him a commission as major- 
general in the army of the United 
States, which honor he declined, 
preferring to continue, as he had 
been, commander-in-chief of the 
militia of his own State. 



OGDEN, DAVID A. 

He was born in Morristown, New 
Jersey ; studied law, and took up 
his residence in St. Lawrence Coun- 
ty, New York, in 1812; was a 
member of the Assembly in 1814 
and 1815 ; and a Representative in 
Congress, from 1811 to 1819. He 
died at Montreal, Canada, June 9, 
1829. 

OGLE, ANDREW J. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1817 to 1819, and died 
in Somerset, Pennsylvania, October 
14, 1852. 

OGLE, ANDREW .J. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1851. 

OGLE, CHARLES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 
to 1841, also a general of militia; 
and died at Somerset, May 10, 
1841. 

OLCOTT, SIMEON. 

He was born in 1131 ; graduated 
at Yale College in 1161 ; studied 
law, and settled in the practice at 
Charlestown, New Hampshire ; he 
was appointed, in 1184, Chief Jus- 
tice of the Court of Common Pleas ; 
in 1190 a Judge of the Superior 
Court ; Chief Judge of the same 
Court in 1195 ; and was a Senator 
in Congress, from New Hampshire, 



Biographical Sketches. 



361 



from 1801 to 1805. He died in 
New Hampshire in 1815. 

OLDS, EPSON B. 

He was born in Vermont, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Ohio, from 1849 to 1855. 

OLIN, ABRAM B. 

^ He was born in Shaftsbury, Ben- 
nington County, Yerraont, in 1812; 
graduated at Williams College, 
Massachusetts, in 1835; commenced 
the practice of law at Troy, New 
York, in 1838 ; was for three years 
Recorder of the City of Troy ; and 
was elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from New 
York, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Expenditures on the 
Public Buildings. He has also 
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress. His father, Gideon Olin, 
was in Congress, from Vermont, 
during the administration of Presi- 
dent Jefferson. 

OLIN, GIDEON. 
He was born in Rhode Island, 
and removing to Vermont, became 
one of its founders. He was a 
member of the State Legislature, 
and Speaker of the House, a Judge 
of the County Court, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1803 
to 1807. He died at Shaftsbury, 
Vermont, in 1822. 

OLIN, HENRY. 
His boyhood was spent in Addi- 
son County, Vermont ; he was 
elected to the General Assembly of 
that State in 1199, and, excepting 



four years, continued to serve in 
that capacity until 1825; he was 
also a member of the State Con- 
stitutional Convention* of 1814, 
1822, and 1828; was an Associate 
Judge of Addison County, from 
1801 to 1806; Chief Judge of said 
court in 1801, and from 1810 to 
1824 ; and he was chosen a Re- 
presentative in Congress, to fill a 
vacancy in 1824, and served through 
the term, ending in 1825. He died 
at Salisbury, Vermont, in 1831, aged 
seventy years. 

OLIVER, ANDREW. 

Born at Springfield, Otsego 
County, New York ; soon after his 
birth, in 1819, his parents removed 
to Pen Yan, in Yates County. He 
received a classical education, and 
graduated at Union College in 
1835 ; he studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1838, and en- 
tered upon a successful practice. 
He was appointed to succeed his 
father as First Judge of the Court 
of Common Pleas in 1843, which 
position he held till the adoption 
of the new State Constitution. In 
1846 he was elected Judge of the 
Surrogate and County Courts In 
1852 he was elected a Representa- 
tive in the Thirty third Congress, 
and was re-elected to the Thirty- 
fourth ; since that time he has been 
devoted to the practice of his pro- 
fession. 

OLIVER, MORDECAI. 

Born in Anderson County, Ken- 
tucky, October 22, 1819, and emi- 



362 



Biographical Sketches. 



grated to Missouri in 1832, he 
received as good an education as 
that country afforded, and entered 
upon the study of law at the age of 
nineteen, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1842. He was elected Cir- 
cuit Attorney for the Fifth Judicial- 
Circuit of Missouri in 1848, and in 
1852 was elected a member of the 
Thirty-third Congress, and re-elect- 
ed to the Thirty-fourth. Upon 
retiring from Congress, he resumed 
the duties of his profession, in Rich- 
mond, Missouri. 

OLIVER, WILLIAM M. 
He was a native of Springfield, 
Otsego County, New York, was a 
lawyer by profession ; and for a 
long time the First Judge of the 
Court of Common Pleas. He was 
State Senator, and Lieutenant-Go- 
vernor; and a Representative of 
New York, in the Twenty-seventh 
Congress. 

ORMSBY, STEPHEN. 
He was a Judge of the Circuit 
Court of Kentucky, a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1811 to 
1811, lived to an advance age, and 
died in Kentucky. 

ORR, ALEXANDER D. 

He was a Repi'esentative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1*792 
to 179T, and died at Paris, in that 
State, June 21, 1835, aged seventy 
years. 

ORR, BENJAMIN. 

A native of Bedford, New Hamp- 
shire; graduated at Dartmouth 



College in 1198, and settled as a 
lawyer, in Brunswick, Maine, at- 
taining a high rank in his profes- 
sion. He was a, Representative in 
Congress, from Massachusetts, from 
1811 to 1819, and died at Bruns- 
wick in 1828, aged fifty years. 

ORR, JAMES L. 

He was born at Cray ton ville, 
South Carolina, May 12, 1822; 
received his education chiefly in 
the University of Virginia ; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1843; in 1844 he was elected to 
the State Legislature ; re-elected 
in 1845; and in 1848 he was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
South Carolina, to which position 
he has been regularly re-elected to 
the present time. During the Thir- 
ty-second Congress, he was fre- 
quently Chairman of the Commit- 
tee of the Whole on the State of 
the Union, and during the next 
Congress, was Chairman of the 
Committee on Indian Affairs ; and 
on the assembling of the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, he was elected 
Speaker. 

ORR, ROBERT. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1825 to 1829. 

OSBORNE, THOMAS B. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from- that State, from 1839 to 
1843. 



Biographical Sketches. 



363 



OSGOOD, GAYTON V. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1833 to 1835. 

OTERO, MIGUEL A. 

He was born in New Mexico, and 
was elected a Delegate, from that 
Territory, to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress. 

OTIS, HARRISON GRAY. 

He was born in Boston, Massa- 
chusetts, October 8, 1165, and died 
at Boston, October 28, 1848. His 
father, Samuel A. Otis, was the first 
Secretary of the Senate of the 
United States, which ofiBce he held 
for twenty-five years. Harrison 
Gray graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity in 1783, and soon became a 
successful practitioner at the bar. 
He was for many years an active 
and leading member of the State 
Legislature, serving as Speaker and 
President of the Senate. He was 
chosen a Representative in Con- 
gress, for the SufiFoUi District, in, 
1121, and serve(f through President 
Adams's administration ; and in 
1817 he was chosen a Senator in 
Congress, where he remained for five 
years. He was also Judge of the 
Court of Common Pleas, and Mayor 
of Boston, for whose prosperity he 
accomplished much good ; display- 
ing, in all his public stations, great 
ability, and the utmost fidelity to 
the public interests. He was also 
appointed, by President Adams, 
United States District Attorney for 
Massachusetts. He was distin- 



guished for his scholarly acquire- 
ments, and for his eloquence as an 
orator. 

OTIS, JOHN. 

He was born in Maine in 1801 ; 
graduated at Bowdoiu College in 
1823; was a Representative in 
Congress, from Maine, from 1849 
to 1851, and died in 1856. 

OUTLAW, DAVID. 

Born in Bertie County, North 
Carolina, and graduated at the Uni- 
versity of that State in 1824. He 
read law at Newbern, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1827. He 
served three years in the House of 
Commons ; was elected Solicitor of 
Edenton District in 1836 ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1847 to 1853. 

OUTLAW, GEORGE B. 

He was born in Bertie County, 
North Carolina, where he lived, and 
died many years ago. He was a 
member of the House of Commons 
in 1796, and in the State Senate a 
number of years thereafter, and a 
Representative in Congress, during 
the years 1824 and 1825. 

OVERSTREET, .JAMES. 

He was a native of Barnwell 
County, South Carolina, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1819 to 1822. 

OVERTON, WALTER H. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Louisiana, from 1829 to 
1831. 



364 



Biographical Sketches. 



OWEN, ALLEN F. 

He was bora in IS'ortli Carolina, 
and having removed to Georgia, 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from 1849 to 1851. 

OWEN, GEORGE W. 

Born in 1198 ; was Speaker of 
the House of Representatives in 
Alabama, and Mayor of Mobile, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1823 to 1829, 
when he was appointed Collector of 
the port of Mobile. He died August 
18, 1839, at Mobile, Alabama. 

OWEN. .JAMES. 

Born in Bladen County, North 
Carolina, in December, lYSi. He 
was well educated, but adopted 
the occupation of a planter. He 
was a general of militia, four years 
a member of the Legislature, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
181T to 1819. 

OWEN, ROBERT DALE. 

He was born in Scotland ; was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Indiana, from 1848 to 184T. He 
was one of the first Regents of the 
Smithsonian Institution, and took 
a prominent part in its organiza- 
tion ; and he was appointed Minis- 
ter-Resident at Naples, which posi- 
tion he still holds. 

OWENS, GEORGE W. 

A prominent member of the 
Georgia bar, and a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 



1835 to 1839. Died at Savannah, 
in 1856. 

OWSLEY, BRYAN Y. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1843 

PACKER, ASA. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1853 to 
1857. 

PAGE, .JOHN. 

He was one of the first Repre- 
sentatives in Congress, from Yir- 
ginia, under the present Constitu- 
tion, serving from 1789 to 1797. 
In 1800 he was chosen one of the 
Electors for President, and from 
1802 to 1805 was Governor of Vir- 
ginia. He published addresses to 
the people in 1796 and 1799. He 
died at Richmond, Yirgina, Octo- 
ber 11, 1804, aged sixty-four years. 

PAGE, JOHN. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from New Hampshire, during the 
years 1836 and 1837. 

PAGE, ROBERT. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1799 to 
1801. 

PAGE, SHERMAN. 

He was born in Connecticut, 
served in the Assembly of New 
York, from Otsego County, in 
1827, and was a Representative in 



Biographical Sketches. 



365 



Congress, from that State, from 
1833 to 1837. 

PAINE, ELIJAH. 

Born in Brooklyn, Connecticut, 
January 21, 1757, and graduated 
at Harvard College in 1781 He was 
the first President of the Phi Beta 
Kappa Society of Harvard, and 
pronounced the first oration before 
the same. He was a lawyer by 
profession ; and having settled in 
Vermont, was one of the most use- 
ful pioneers of the new State, fol- 
lowing the practice of his profes- 
sion, and the employments of farmer, 
road maker, and cloth manufac- 
turer. In 1786 he was a member 
of the Convention called to revise 
the State Constitution, and of which 
he was Secretary. In 1787 he w-as 
elected to the State Legislature, 
and so continued until 1791, when 
he was appointed Judge of the Su- 
preme Court. He was one of the 
Commissioners to settle the contro- 
versy between Vermont and New 
York, in 1789; was a Trustee of 
Dartmouth College ; President of 
the Vermont Colonization Society ; 
a pecuniary benefactor to the Uni- 
versity of Vermont ; received from 
Harvard College the degree of 
LL.D., and was elected a Fellow 
of the American Academy of Arts 
and Sciences, and an honorary mem- 
ber of several other literary institu- 
tions. He was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from Vermont, from 1795 to 
1801. In 1801 he was appointed, 
by President Adams, Judge of the 
District Court of Vermont, which 



office he held till within a month of 
his death, when he resigned. He 
died at Williamstown, Vermont, 
April 21, 1842. 

PAINE, ROBERT T. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1855 
to 1857. 

PALEN, RUFUS. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1889 to 1841. 

PALFREY, JOHN G. 

Born in Boston, May 2, 1795. 
He was prepared for college at 
Exeter Academy, and graduated 
at Harvard in 1815; he studied 
theology, and was ordained a IJni- 
tarian preacher in 1818; he was 
subsequently, for a number of years, 
editor of the North Amei-ican Re- 
vieiv ; delivered a course of Lec- 
tures before the Lowell Institute; 
during the years 1842 and 1843 
he was a member of the General 
Court ; was elected Secretary of the 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts ; 
and he was a member of Congress, 
from 1847 to 1849. His published 
writings are numerous, chiefly of a 
theological and political character. 

PALMER, BERIAH. 

Born in New York, served four 
years in the Assembly of New York, 
from Saratoga County, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1803 to 1805. 



366 



Biographical Sketches. 



PALMER, GEORGE W. , 

Born in Hoosick,Bensselaer Coun- 
ty, New York, January 13, 1818 ; 
received a common school educa- 
tion ; adopted the profession of law ; 
was Surrogate of Clinton County 
from 1843 to 184*7 ; and a Repre- 
sentative in the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, from New York, serving as 
a member of the Committee on Ex- 
penditures in the Post-office De- 
partment. He has been re-elected 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress. 

PALMER, JOHN. 
He was born in Hoosick, Rens- 
selaer County, New York, in 1785; 
received a good education, and stu- 
died law, and having settled in 
Platsburg, Clinton County, in 1810, 
■formed a law partnership with 
Chancellor Walworth, which con- 
tinued until 1820. He was elected 
a Representative to Congress, in 
1811, but before the expiration of 
his term he was chosen District At- 
torney for Clinton County, in which 
capacity he served until 1831, and 
during that year he was made the 
first judge of said county, and held 
the office until 1836. He was 
again elected to Congress, in 1837, 
and served one term. He died of 
consumption, at St. Bartholomew, 
West Indies, December 8, 1840. 

PALMER, WILLIAM A. 
He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Vermont, from 1818 to 1825. 

PARISH, ISAAC. 
He was born in Ohio, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 



that State, from 1839 to 1841, and 
again from 1845 to 1847. 

PARKE, BENJAMIN. 

He was a native of New Jersey, 
and was born in 1777; he was one 
of the early pioneers to the Western 
territory, and settled in that por- 
tion which now forms the State of 
Indiana, in 1800. From 1805 to 
1808 he was a Delegate in Congress, 
from that Territory, and w^as soon 
after appointed, by President Jef- 
ferson, Judge of the District Court, 
which office he held until his death, 
which occurred in Salem, Indiana, 
July 12, 1835. He was at one time 
President of the State Historical 
Society. 

PARKER, AMASA J. 

Born in 1807, at Sharon, Con- 
necticut, and graduated at Union 
College, New York.' He was ad- 
mitted to the bar in Delhi, New 
York, in October, 1828. In 1838 
he was elected a Representative in 
the State Legislature, and in 1835 
was chosen a Regent of the Univer- 
sity. From 1837 to 1839 he was a 
Representative in Congress, and in 
1844 he was appointed a Circuit 
Judge and Yice-Chancellor of the 
Court of Equity. Soon after the 
adoption of a new State Constitu- 
tion, he became a Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of New York. 

PARKER, ANDREW. 
He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative, in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1851 to 
1853. 



Biographical Sketches. 



36' 



PARKER, ISAAC. 

Born in Boston, Massachusetts, 
June n, 1*768, and graduated at 
Harvard College in 1786. He 
commenced the practice of law at 
Castine, in the District of Maine, 
and was elected to Congress, serv- 
ing as Representative, from 1797 to 
1799. He was appointed, by Pre- 
sident Adams, Marshal for the 
District of Maine, which office he 
held till 1801. He afterwards re- 
moved to Portland, and in 1806 
was chosen a Judge of the Supreme 
Court, and in 1814 Chief Justice, 
which position he occupied for six- 
teen years. In 1820 he was Presi- 
dent of the Massachusetts Conven- 
tion for the revision of the Consti- 
tution, and for several years he was 
Professor of Law in Harvard Uni- 
versity. He was a distinguished 
scholar and friend of literature, and 
for eleven years was a Trustee of 
Bowdoin College, and for twenty 
years an Overseer of Harvard. He 
died in Boston, May 26, 1830. 

PARKER, JAMES. 

He was born in the Township of 
Bethlehem, Hunterdon County, New 
Jersey, March 1, 1776. He was a 
student in Columbia College, New 
York, and graduated in 1793; he 
entered the counting-house of a 
merchant in New York, and re- 
mained there until 1797, when he 
settled in Perth Amboy, where he 
has since resided; he was for a 
few years engaged in trade ; was a 
member of the New Jersey Legisla- 
ture in 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809,1810, 



1812, 1813, 1815, 1816, 1818, and 
1827 — in all eleven years; was a 
Jackson Elector in 1824 ; Collector 
of the Customs at Perth Amboy, 
from 1829 to 1833; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1833 
to 1837. He also served as one of 
the Commissioners, on the part of 
New Jersey, to settle the boundary 
and jurisdiction between New York 
and New Jersey, at the different pe- 
riods of 1807, 1827, and 1833, ob- 
taining an agreement during the 
year last named ; and he was a 
member of the Constitutional Con- 
vention of the State in 1844. Mr. 
Parker is still living, in the enjoy- 
ment of a pleasant home and troops 
of friends. 

PARKER, .JAMES. 

A native of Boston, Massachu- 
setts ; was a physician by profes- 
sion ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Massachusetts, from 
1813 to 1815, and from 1819 to 
1821. He was for fifty years a re- 
sident of Gardiner, Maine, where he 
died, November 9, 1837, aged sixty- 
nine years. 

PARKER, JOHN M. 

Born in Granville, Washington 
County, New York, June 14, 1805 ; 
graduated at Middlebury College, 
Vermont, in 1828; is a lawyer by 
profession ; and a Representative 
in the Thirty -fifth Congress, from 
New York, serving on the Commit- 
tees of Public Expenditures and 
Revolutionary Pensions. 



368 



Biographical Sketches. 



PARKER, JOSIAH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1*189 to 
1801. 

PARKER, NAHUM. 

He was a Senator in Congress," 
from New Hampshire, from 180T to 
1810. 

PARKER, RICPIARD. 

He was born in Yirginia, and was 
a Eepresentative in Congress,"from 
that State, from 1849 to 1851. 

PARKER, RICHARD E. 

Born in 1'777 ; in early life was a 
member of the "Virginia House of 
Delegates ; for many years a Judge 
of the General and Circuit courts 
of Virginia ; also, a Judge of the 
Supreme Court of Appeals ; and, 
for a brief period, a Senator in Con- 
gress. He died in Virginia, in No- 
vember, 1840. 

PARKER, SAMUEL W. 

He was born in Jefferson County, 
New York, September 9, 1805; 
graduated at the Miami University, 
in Ohio, in 1828; settled in Indi- 
ana, and, while studying law, taught 
school and edited a newspaper ; he 
was admitted to the bar in 1831; 
was elected to the Legislature in 
1836, where he served five years ; 
and was two years Attorney for the 
State. He was a Representative 
in Congress, from Indiana, from 
1851 to 1855; he was, in 1846, 
President of the White Water Ca- 
nal Company, the charter for which 



he had passed by the Legislature ; 
in 1844 he was a Clay Elector, and 
in 1856 an Elector for Fremont; 
and, at the present time, is Presi- 
dent of the Junction Railway Com- 
pany of Indiana, where he resides, 
chiefly engaged in agricultural pur- 
suits. 

PARKER, SEVERN E. 

He was born in Northampton 
County, Virginia, and was a promi- 
nent member of the Virginia Legis- 
lature, an eminent lawyer, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1819 to 1821. He died October 
21, 1836, in Northampton County, 
Virginia. 

PARKS, GORHAM. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1833 to 
1837. 

PARMENTER, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1837 to 
1845. 

PARRIS, ALBION K. 

He was born in Hebron, Oxford 
County, Maine, January 19, 1788 ; 
graduated at Dartmouth College in 
1806 ; studied law, and was admit- 
ted to the bar in 1809 ; in 1811 he 
was appointed Attorney for Oxford 
County ; in 1813 was elected to the 
General Court; in 1814 was cho- 
sen a State Senator ; was elected 
a Representative in Congress in 



Biographical Sketches. 



369 



1815; again in 1817; in 1816 be 
was a member of the State Consti- 
tutional Convention ; was appoint- 
ed Judge of the Federal District 
Court in 1818. In 1819 he was a 
member of the State Convention 
for framing a Constitution ; and in 
1820 was appointed Judge of Pro- 
bate for Cumberland County. He 
was five times elected Governor of 
Maine, from 1821 to 1826; was a 
Senator in Congress in 1827 and 
1828 ; was appointed Judge of the 
Supreme Court of the State, in 1828, 
holding the office until 1836, when he 
became Second Comptroller in the 
Federal Treasury Department. He 
left this office in 1850, and returned 
to Portland, of which city, in 1852, 
he w as elected Mayor. He died in 
Portland, February 11, 1857. 

PARRIS, VIRGIL D. 

He was born in Maine, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1839 to 1841, and 
a member of the Committee on In- 
dian Affairs. 

PARROTT, JOHN F. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1817 to 1819; and a Senator of 
the United States, from 1819 to 
1825; and in 1826 was appointed 
Postmaster at Portsmouth, New 
Hampshire. He died in Greenland, 
New Hampshire, July 9, 1836, 
aged sixty-eight years. 

PARROTT, MARCUS J. 
Born at Hamburg, South Caro- 
lina, October 27, 1828 ; graduated 
24 



at Dickinson College, Pennsylva- 
nia, in 1849; is a lawyer by pro- 
fession, having studied at Cam- 
bridge ; was a member of the Ohio 
Legislature in 1853 and 1854 ; and 
was elected a Delegate to the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, from Kansas Terri- 
tory. 

PARTRIDGE, GEORGE. 

He graduated at Harvard Col- 
lege in 1762 ; was a Delegate to 
the Continental Congress, from 
Massachusetts ; and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, after the adoption 
of the Constitution, from 1789 to 
1791. He died at Duxbury, Mas- 
sachusetts, July 7, 1828, aged 
eighty-eight years. 

PARTRIDGE, SAMUEL. 

He was born in New York ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1843. 

PATERSON, WILLIAM. 

Born at sea, of Irish parents, in 
1745. He graduated at Princeton 
in 1763 ; studied law and admitted 
to the bar in 1769 ; was a member 
of the Convention which formed 
the first Constitution of New Jer- 
sey in 1776; from that time until 
the year 1786 he was Attorney- 
General of the State ; and was one 
of the first Senators in Congress, 
from 1789 to 1790, having pre- 
viously been a member of the Con- 
vention which formed the Federal 
Constitution. He was Governor 
of New Jersey, from 1791 to 1794, 
when he was appointed, by the Pre- 



370 



Biographical Sketches. 



sident, a Judge of the Supreme 
Court of the United States, which 
he held until his death in 1806. In 
1T98 and 1199 he revised, by 
authority of the Legislature, the 
laws of New Jersey, a work highly 
esteemed and the foundation of the , 
jurisprudence of the State. He re- 
ceived the degree of LL.D. from 
Harvard and Dartmouth. 

PATON, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Delaware, from 1*792 to 
1193, and for a second term from 
1195 to 1191. 

PATTEESON, JOHN. 

He was a member, for four years, 
of the Assembly of New York ; 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1803 to 1805. 

PATTERSON, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1323 to 
1825. 

PATTERSON, THOMAS. 

He was born in Lancaster Coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania ; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1811 to 1825. 

PATTERSON, THOMAS J. 

He was born in New York ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1845. 

* PATTERSON, WALTER. 

' He was a member of the Assem- 
bly of New York in 1818, from 



Columbia County ; and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1821 
to 1823. 

PATTERSON, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
having settled in Ohio, was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1833 to 1838. 

PATTERSON, WILLIAM. 

He was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from New York, from 
1831 to 1839, but died before the 
expiration of his term, at Warsaw, 
New York, August 14, 1838. 

PATTON, JOHN M, 

He was born in Virginia; re- 
ceived a liberal education, and 
adopted the profession of law, in 
which he was successful ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1830 to 1838. 
He died in October, 1858, in the 
sixty-second year of his age. 

PAULDING, LEVI, 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1811 to 1819. 

PAULDING, WILLIAM, 

Born in Tarrytown, Westchester 
County, New York, in 1169 ; was 
educated for the law and engaged 
in a lucrative practice in New York 
City. He was a delegate to the 
New York Convention for revising 
the State Constitution in 1821 ; and 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1811 



Biographical Sketches. 



o i 1 



to 1813, but he was absent from his 
seat during the session in which 
war was declared, and served as 
general of militia during its prose- 
cution. In 1823 he was chosen 
Mayor of New York, after which 
he held no public office. He died 
at Tarrytown, February 11, 1854. 

PAYNE, WINTER W. 

He was born in Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Alabama, from 1841 to 184'7. 

PAYNTER, LEMUEL. 

He was born in Delaware, and on 
removing to Pennsylvania was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1837 to 1841. 

PEARCE, DUTEE J. 
Born in 1789, and died at New- 
port, Rhode Island, May 9, 1849. 
He was a prominent lawyer, at one 
time Attorney-General of the State, 
and United States District Attorney 
for that district, and a Represenative 
in Congress, from Rhode Island, 
from 1825 to 1833; and again from 
1835 to 1837. 

PEARCE, JAMES A. 
He was born in Alexandria, Vir- 
ginia, December 14, 1805, although 
of a Maryland family by his father's 
side. lie graduated at Princeton 
College, with the first honors, in 
1822; was bred to the law, but has 
been much engaged in the pursuits 
of agriculture ; he was a member of 
the Maryland Legislature in 1881 ; 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1835 to 1839, and 



from 1841 to 1843; and a Senator 
in Congress from 1843 to the pre- 
sent time, having served for a num- 
ber of years as Chairman of the 
Joint Committee on the Library. 
He has also held the post of Pro- 
fessor of Law in Washington Col- 
lege, Chestertown, and is a Regent 
of the Smithsonian Institution. 

PEARCE, JOHN J. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1855 to 1857. 

PEARSON, JOSEPH. 

Born in Rowan County, North 
Carolina, and died at Salisbury, Oc- 
tober 27, 1834. He was a lawyer 
by profession, served two years in 
the State Legislature, and was a 
Representative in Congress from 
1809 to 1815. While in Congress 
he fought a duel with the Hon. 
John J. Jackson, the result of a po- 
litical quarrel. 

PEASLEE, CHARLES H. 

He was born in New Hamp- 
shire ; graduated at Dartmouth 
College in 1824, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1847 to 1853. 

PECK, GEORGE W. 
He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Michigan, from 1855 to 1857. 

PECK, JARED V. 
He was born in New Yorlc* 
was a Representative in Congr 
from that State, from 1853 to 18 




372 



Biographical Sketches. 



PECK, LUCIUS B. 

He was born in Yermont, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1847 to 1851. 

PECK, LUTHER C. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 183Y to 1841. 

PECKHAM, RUFUS W. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

PEEK, HERMANUS. 

He was born in Albany, New 
York, and was for two years a mem- 
ber of the New York Assembly, 
from Schenectady County, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1819 to 1821. 

PEGRAM, JOHN. 

He was a native of Virginia, and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1818 to 1819. 

PELTON, GUY R. 

Born at Great Barrington, Berk- 
shire County, Massachusetts, Au- 
gust 3, 1825; his tastes, from early 
boyhood, had inclined him to the 
study of law, but it was not until he 
had attained his twentieth year that 
he was enabled to prosecute his 
plans for a professional life, having 
prev^ftly to that time remained 
upo^Riie homestead farm with his 
He spent two years in the 
Bemy of his native town, and 



three years in the Connecticut Lite- 
rary Institute, after which he de- 
voted one year to teaching at Lee, 
Massachusetts, and at Dover Plains, 
New York, employing his leisure in 
reading elementary works on law; 
he then entered a law-office at Kin- 
derhook, and completed his studies, 
being admitted to the bar in 1850. 
In 1851 he opened a law-of&ce in 
New York City, and in 1854 was 
elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-fourth Congress, after which 
he returned to New York, and re- 
sumed his professional labors. 

PENDLETON, EDMUND H. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1831 
to 1833. 

PENDLETON, GEORGE H. 

Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, July, 
1825 ; he is a lawyer by profes- 
sion ; was a member of the State 
Senate of Ohio in 1854 and 1855; 
and was elected to the House of 
Representatives in the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, from Ohio, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Mili- 
tary Affairs. He has also been re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress. 

PENDLETON, JOHN S. 

He was born in "Virginia ; in 
1841 was appointed Charge d'Af- 
faires to the Republic of Chile ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1845 to 1847, 
and for a second term, ending in 
1849. 



Biographical Sketches. 



PENDLETON, N. G. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gi'ess, from Ohio, from 1841 to 
1843. 

PENN, ALEXANDER G. 
He was born in Virginia, and 
having settled in Louisiana, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, fr'om that State, from 1851 
to 1853. 

PENNIMAN, EBENEZER J. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative, in Congress, 
from Michigan, from 1851 to 1853. 

PENNINGTON, ALEXANDER C. M. 

He was born in ]S"ew Jersey, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

PENNYBACKER, ISAAC S. 

Born in 1806, in Shenandoah 
County, Yirginia ; was a lawyer by 
profession ; and a Representative in 
Congress, from 183T to 1839; and 
then Judge of the District Court of 
Western Yirginia ; and a Senator 
in Congress, from 1845 to 1851. 
He died in Washington, District of 
Columbia, January 12, 1847. 

PERKINS, BISHOP. 

He was born in New Hampshire, 
and having settled in New York, 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1853 to 1855. 

PERKINS, ELIAS. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Connecticut, from 1801 



to 1803, having graduated at Yale 
College in 1786 ; he died in 1845. 

PERKINS, JARED. 

He was born in New Hampshire, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1853. 

PERKINS, JOHN, Jr. 

He was born in Louisiana, July 
1, 1819. He graduated at Yale 
College in 1840, and subsequently 
at the Law School of Harvard Col- 
lege ; he settled for the practice of 
his profession in New Orleans, but 
his health compelled him to travel 
in Europe ; on his return, in 1851, 
he was chosen a Judge of the Cir- 
cuit Court of Louisiana, which po- 
sition he held until elected to Con- 
gi'ess, in 1853, where he advocated 
Democratic measures, and remained 
until 1855, serving on the Commit- 
tee on Foreign Affairs. He is now 
devoted to planting in Louisiana. 

PERRILL, AUGUSTUS L. 

He was born in Yirginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1845 to 1847. 

PERRY, JOHN J. 

He was born in Maine, and was 
elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-fourth Congress, from that 
State. 

PERRY, THOMAS. 

He was born in Maryland, 
was a Representative in Congi' 
from that State, from 1845 to 18 




;74 



Biographical Sketches. 



PETER, GEORGE. 

Born in Georgetown, Montgo- 
mery County, Maryland, (now Dis- 
trict of Columbia,) September 28, 
1TY9. He was educated at private 
institutions and Georgetown Col- 
lege ; entered the United States 
army in 1*199, and resigned in 1809 ; 
served as a major of volunteers dur- 
ing the war of 1812 ; was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from 1816 
to 1819, and again from 1825 to 
182T ; was elected twice to the 
State Legislature ; and is now serv- 
ing the public as Commissioner of 
Public Works for the State of Mary- 
land. 

PETRIE, GEORGE. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1847 to 1849. 

PETRIKEN, DAVID. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1837 
to 1841. 

PETTIGREW EBENEZER. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from North Carolina, from 
1835 to 183T, and was a member of 
the Committee on Expenses in the 
Navy Department. 

PETTIS, SPENCER. 

rsis born in "Virginia, and 
^d a lawyer, and on taking 
residence in Missouri, was 
a Representative in Con- 
where he served from 1829 
to 1831. 




PETTIT, JOHN. 

Born at Sackett's Harbor, Jeffer- 
son County, New York, July 24, 
1801, he received a good education, 
and studied law, and removed to 
Lafayette, Indiana, in 1831, where 
he has since resided. He was a 
member of the State Legislature, 
United States District Attorney, 
and served in the House of Repre- 
sentatives in Congress, from 1843 
to 1841, and in the United States 
Senate, from 1853 to 1855. In 
1850 he was a member of the State 
Constitutional Convention, and has 
twice held the office of Circuit 
Judge, and is now engaged in the 
practice of his profession. 

PETTIT, JOHN U. 

He was born in New York ; gra- 
duated at Union College in 1839 ; 
studied law, and commenced the 
practice of his profession in Wa- 
bash, Indiana, in 1841. He went 
as United States Consul to Maran- 
ham, Brazil, in 1850; and on his 
return, in 1853, was appointed 
Judge of the Upper Wabash Cir- 
cuit Court of Indiana; and was 
elected to Congress, as a Repre- 
sentative of that State in 1854, and 
was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress. He is a member of the 
Joint Committee on the Library. 
He has been re-elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress. 

PEYTON, BAILIE. 

He was born in Tennessee, re- 
ceived a liberal education, and 
adopted the profession of law ; he 



Biographical Sketches. 



375 



was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 1837; 
he was appointed, by President 
Fillmore, Minister to Brazil; was 
subsequently elected United States 
District Attorney for Louisiana ; 
and is now settled at San Fran- 
cisco, California, in the practice of 
his profSlsion, 

PEYTON, JOSEPH H. 

He was frequently elected to the 
Senate of Tennessee, held many 
other local positions of high cha- 
racter, and was a Bepresentative 
in Congress, from 1843 to 1845. 

PEYTON, SAMUEL 0. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was elected a Bepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, in 184*7, and 
after serving one term, was re-elected 
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and is 
a member of the Committee on P ub- 
lic Grounds. 

PHELPS, ELISHA. 

He was a native of Simsbury, 
Connecticut ; born in November, 
1179; graduated at Yale College 
in 1800, and studied law at Litch- 
field. He was several times a mem- 
ber of the House of Bepresenta- 
tives and of the Senate of his native 
State. He was Speaker of the House 
of Bepresentatives in the Legisla- 
ture in 1821 and 1829 ; was a Be- 
presentative in Congress, from Con- 
necticut, from 1819 to 1821, and 
also from 1825 to 1829 ; was Comp- 
troller of the State from 1830 to 
1834, and in 1835 was appointed 



one of the Commissioners to revise 
the statutes of Connecticut. He 
died at Simsbury, in April, 1847. 

PHELPS, JOHN SMITH. 

He was born in Simsbury, Hart- 
ford County, Connecticut, Decem- 
ber 22, 1814 ; was educated at 
Washington (now Trinity) College, 
Hartford, Connecticut, and studied 
law in the ofBce of his father, Elisha 
Phelps. He practiced law a short 
time in his native State, and in 
1837 emigrated to Missouri, and set- 
tled at Springfield, Greene County, 
near which town he now resides. 
In 1840 he was chosen by the peo- 
ple of Greene County to represent 
them in the Legislature. In 1844 
he was elected a Bepresentative to 
the Twenty-ninth Congress, serving 
in that position until the present 
time. He is now Chairman of the 
Committee of Ways and Means, 
and has been elected a Bepresenta- 
tive to the Thirty-sixth Congress. 

PHELPS, LAUNCELOT. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
was a Bepresentative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1835 to 1839. 

PHELPS, OLIVER. 

He was a Bepresentative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1803 
to 1805, and a member of the As- 
sembly of that State, from Ontario 
County, in 1834. 

PHELPS, SAMUEL S. v 

He was born in Litchfield, C6e(' 
necticut, May 13, 1793, and died 



76 



Biographical Sketches. 



March 25, 1855, in Middlebury, 
Vermont. He graduated at Yale 
College in 1811, and while studying 
law, in 1812, he entered the Ame- 
rican army, and before the close of 
his military career, was appointed 
paymaster. He settled in Middle- 
bury, and practiced law. In 1821 
he was a member of the Council of 
Censors, and wrote the address 
issued by that body. In 1831 he 
was chosen a member of the Legis- 
lative Council of Vermont, and was 
soon afterwards appointed Judge of 
the Supreme Court of the State, in 
which position he remained until 
1838. He was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from 1839 to 1854, in which 
body he displayed abilities of a high 
order. 

PHELPS, WILLIAM W. 

He was born in Oakland County, 
Michigan, June 1, 1826 ; he gra- 
duated at the University of Michi- 
gan in 1846; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1848 ; and 
edited a Democratic newspaper, in 
Oakland County, from 1851 to 1855. 
In 1852 and 1853 he held the of- 
fice of Commissioner for his native 
county, performing the duties of 
Judge at Chambers ; in 1854 was 
appointed, by President Pierce, Re- 
gister of the United States Land- 
office at Red Wing, in Minnesota ; 
and in 1857 he was elected a Re- 
presentative to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, from that State. He is at 
the present time a member of the 
* Committee on Mileage. 



PHILLIPS, HENRY M. 

He was born in Pennsylvania ; 
elected a Representative, from that 
State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
and is a member of the Committee 
on Finance. 

PHILLIPS, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821 
to 1823. 

PHILLIPS, PHILLIP. 

Born in Charleston, South Caro- 
lina, December 13, 180t, and was 
educated at the Norwich Military 
Academy, in Vermont, and at Mid- 
dletown, Connecticut. In 1825 he 
commenced the study of law in 
Charleston, and on the day after 
attaining his majority, was admitted 
to the bar. He entered public life 
by becoming a member of the Nulli- 
fication Convention in 1832, and 
voted with the minority; in 1834 
he was elected, for two years, to the 
State Legislature; in 1835 he re- 
signed ; removed to Mobile, Ala- 
bama, and practiced his profession 
with success; in 1837 was elected 
President of the Alabama Democra- 
tic State Convention ; in 1844 was 
elected to the Legislature, and was 
Chairman of the Committee on Fe- 
deral Relations ; in 1849 was presi- 
dent of an internal improvement con- 
vention- in 1851 was again elected to 
the Legislature ; in 1852 went to the 
Baltimore Convention ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Alabama, from 1853 to 1855, and 



Biographical Sketches. 



377 



declined a re-election. Since that 
time he has practiced his profession 
in Washington City. 

PHILLIPS, STEPHEN CLARENDON. 

He was born in Salem, Massa- 
chusetts, November 1, 1801 ; gra- 
duated at Harvard College in 1819, 
with high honors ; began to study 
law, but soon became a merchant. 
From 1824 to 1829, by annual re- 
elections, he was chosen a Repre- 
sentative to the State Legislature 
from Salem ; from 1830 to 1831 he 
was State Senator, and in 1832 and 
1833 was again a member of the 
House. From 1834 to 1838 he 
worthily represented Massachusetts 
in Congress. From December, 1838, 
to March, 1842, he was Mayor of 
Salem, and upon his voluntary re- 
tirement devoted the whole of his 
salary as Mayor to the public 
schools of the city. In 1840 he 
was one of the Presidential Electors 
for Massachusetts, and in 1848 aud 
1849 was the Free-Soil Candidate 
for Governor. He held various 
State and private trusts, in the dis- 
charge of which, by his ability, sa- 
gacity, experience, and integrity, 
he rendered signal service. He was 
for many years a member of the 
State Board of Education, and a 
Trustee of the State Lunatic Hos- 
pital at Worcester. He retired 
from public life in 1849, and was 
extensively engaged in the lumber- 
ing business. He was lost by the 
burning of the steamer Montreal, 
on the St. Lawrence Biver, June 
26, 1851, while returning from Que- 



bec, whither he had been on busi- 
ness to Three Bivers, the head- 
quarters of his operations in Canada. 

PHILSON, ROBERT. 

He was boi'n in Donegal, Ireland, 
and was a Bepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1819 
to 1821. 

PHCENIX, J. PHILIP. 

He was born in New Jersey ; was 
a Bepresentative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1843 to 1845 ; a 
member of the State Assembly in 
1848, from New York City ; and 
again in Congress from 1849 to 
1851. 

PICKENS, ANDREW. 

He was born at Paxton, Penn- 
sylvania, September 19, 1139, and 
removed with his father, in 1*752, 
tothe Waxhaw Settlement, in South 
Carolina ; he served as a volunteer 
in Grant's expedition against the 
Cherokees, and was an active mili- 
tary partisan during the Bevolu- 
tion. He was a member of the 
State Legislature from the close of 
the war until 1193, when he was 
elected a Bepresentative in Con- 
gress, from 1193 to 1195. In 1195 
he was commissioned major-general 
of the South Carolina militia, and 
was frequently a Commissioner to 
treat with the Indians. He was 
Governor of the State, from 1816 
to 1811. He died at Pendleton 
District, South Caroliua, August 
11, 1811. 



378 



Biographical Sketches. 



PICKENS, FRANCIS W. 

He was born in South Carolina, 
and was a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1835 
to 1845. 

PICKENS, ISRAEL. 

Born in Cabarras County, North 
Carolina ; served one year in the 
State Legislature ; was a Represen- 
tative from that State in Congress, 
from 1811 to ISIT, in which year 
he was appointed Register of the 
Land office of Mississippi Terri- 
tory ; on removing to Alabama, he 
was elected Grovernor of that State, 
in 1821. 

PICKERING, TIMOTHY 

Was born in Salem, Massachu- 
setts, July It, 1*145; graduated at 
Harvard College in 1163, and after 
the usual course of professional stu- 
dies, was admitted to the practice of 
law. When the dissensions between 
the mother country and our own 
commenced, he soon became the 
champion and leader of the Whigs 
of the quarter where he lived. He 
was a member of the Committees of 
Inspection and Correspondence, and 
bore the entire burden of writing. 
The addresses which, in 1114, the 
inhabitants of Salem, in full town- 
meeting, voted to Governor Grage, 
on the occasion of the Boston Port- 
Bill, proceeded from his pen. A 
part of it, disclaiming any wish on 
the part of the inhabitants of Salem, 
to profit by the closing of the port 
of Boston, is quoted by Dr. Bam- 



say, in his History of the American 
Revolution. In April, 1115, on re- 
ceiving intelligence of the battle of 
Lexington, he marched with the re- 
giment of which he was at the time 
commander, to Charlestown, but 
had not an opportunity of coming 
to action. Before the close of the 
same year, when the provisional 
government was organizing, he was 
appointed one of the judges of the 
Court of Common Pleas for Essex, 
his native county ; and sole Judge 
of the Maritime Court (which had 
cognizance of all prize causes) for 
the Middle District, comprehending 
Boston, with Salem and the other 
ports in Essex. These offices he 
held until he accepted an appoint- 
ment in the army. In 1111 he was 
named adjutant- general, by Wash- 
ington, and joined the army then at 
Middlebrook, New Jersey. He con- 
tinued with the Commander-in- 
chief until the American forces went 
into winter quarters at Yalley Forge, 
having been present at the battles 
of Brandywine and Germantown. 
He then proceeded to discharge the 
duties of a member of the Conti- 
nental Board of War, to which he 
had been elected by Congress, then 
sitting at Yorktown, Pennsylvania. 
In this station he remained until he 
was appointed to succeed Greneral 
Greene in the office of quartermas- 
ter-general, which he retained dur- 
ing the residue of the war, and in 
which he contributed much to the 
surrender of Corwallis at Yorktown. 
Erom 1190 to 1194 he was charged, 
by President Washington, with se- 



Biographical Sketches. 



'9 



veral negotiations with the Indian 
nations on our frontiers. In 1191 
he was also made Postmaster-Gene- 
ral ; and in 1794 removed from that 
station to the Secretaryship of War, 
on the resignation of General Knox. 
In 1795 he was appointed Secre- 
tary of State in the place of Mr. 
Randolph. From that office he was 
removed, by President Adams, in 
1800. At the end of the year 1801 
he returned to Massachusetts. In 
1803 the Legislature of that State 
chose him a Senator to Congress, 
for the residue of the term of 
Dwight Foster, who had resigned ; 
and in 1805 re-elected him to the 
same station for the term of six 
years. After its expiration, in 1811, 
he was chosen, by the Legislature, 
a member of the Executive Council, 
and during the war of 1812 he was 
appointed a member of the Board 
of War for the defence of the State. 
In 1814 he was returned to Con- 
gress, and held his seat until March, 
1817. He then finally retired to 
private life. His death took 
place January 29, 1829. In his 
manuers. Colonel Pickering was 
plain and unassuming. In public 
life he was distinguished for energy, 
ability, and disinterestedness ; as a 
soldier he was brave and patriotic ; 
and his writings bear ample testi- 
mony to his talents and information. 
He was one of the leaders of the 
Federal party in the United States. 

PICKMAN, BENJAMIN. 

He was born in 1763; graduated 
at Cambridge in 1784 ; visited Eu- 



rope, and on his return studied law, 
and, though admitted to the bar, 
abandoned that profession, devoting 
himself to mercantile pursuits. In 
1800 he was elected to the State 
Legislature, and re-elected a num- 
ber of years to the State Senate ; 
in 1807 he became a member of the 
Executive Council; was a Bepre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1809 to 
1811; and in 1820 was a member 
of the Convention for revising the 
State Constitution. He also held 
many other offices of trust and ho- 
nor, and died at Salem, Massachu- 
setts, in August, 1843. 

PIERCE, FP.ANKLIN. 

Was born in the town of Hills- 
borough, New Hampshire, in 1804, 
and after completing his academical 
studies, entered Bowdoin College, 
Maine. On leaving college he com- 
menced his legal studies at North- 
ampton, Massachusetts, but subse- 
quently returned to his native State, 
and finished his studies at Amherst. 
He was admitted to the bar, and 
commenced the practice of his pro- 
fession in his native town ; but be- 
fore the end of two years he was 
elected a Bepresentative in the 
State Legislature, and during his 
second year's service was chosen 
Speaker of the House. In 1833 
he was elected to Congress, and re- 
mained a member of the House of 
Bepresentatives four years. In 
1837 he was elected a member of the 
United States Senate, but, after five 
years' service in that body, resigned 
his seat. He settled in Concord, 



380 



Biographical Sketches. 



and resumed his practice at tlie bar. 
He adhered to his resolution of ac- 
cepting no political office, declined 
to be a candidate for Governor of 
the State, or United States Senator^ 
and refused the offices of Attorney- 
General and Secretary of War, which 
were tendered him by President 
Polk. On the breaking out of the 
Mexican war, however, he enrolled 
himself as a private soldier in the 
New England Regiment, but Presi- 
dent Polk sent him a colonel's com- 
mission, and subsequently raised 
him to the rank of brigadier-general 
in March, 184*7. He was in most 
of the battles which were fought be- 
tween Vera Cruz and the City of 
Mexico. On the restoration of 
peace between the two countries, he 
resigned his commission, and re- 
turned home, where he remained, 
comparatively unobserved, until the 
action of the Baltimore Democratic 
Convention gave him a new import- 
ance throughout the Union. He 
was nominated by that body as the 
Democratic candidate for the Pre- 
sidency. He was elected President 
of the United States in jSTovember, 

1852, was inaugurated March 4, 

1853, and served to the end of his 
term, after which he retired to pri- 
vate life.. The best biography of 
him was written by his personal 
friend, jS^athaniel Hawthorne. 

PIERCE, JOSEPH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, during 
the years 1801 and 1802. 



PIERSON, ISAAC. 

He was born August 15, 11T0, 
and died September 22, 1833, in 
New Jersey. He was educated at 
Princeton College, graduating in 
IT 89, and was subsequently a Fel- 
low of the College of Surgeons and 
Physicians of New York. He 
practiced medicine for forty years ; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 182T 
to 1881. 

PIERSON, JEREMIAH H. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1821 
to 1823. 

PIERSON, JOB. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1831 
to 1835. 

PIKE, JAMES. 

He was born in Salisbury, Mas- 
sachusetts, in November, 1818; 
was educated at the Wesleyan Uni- 
versity, in Connecticut ; was a 
minister in the Methodist Episcopal 
Church from 1841 to 1854; and 
was elected a Representative, from 
New Hampshire, in the Thirty- 
fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, 
and is a member of the Committee 
on Enrolled Bills. 

PILLSBURY, TIMOTHY, 

He was born in Newbury, Mas- 
sachusetts, April 12, 1789; re- 
ceived a common school education ; 
spent two years as a clerk in a 



Biographical Sketches. 



381 



store, and several subsequent years 
as a sailor and coasting trader, 
making one trip to Europe, as cap- 
tain of a brig ; settled in Maine, 
and was appointed a member of 
the Executive Council ; also served 
in the State Legislature ; went from 
Maine to Ohio, thence to Louisiana, 
and finally to Texas ; he served a 
number of years in the Senate and 
House of Representatives of Texas ; 
and when that Republic came into 
the Union he was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1846 to 
1849. He died near Danville, 
Texas, November 23, 1858. 

PINCKNEY, CHARLES. 

Born in Charleston, South Caro- 
lina, in 1758; was a patriot in the 
revolutionary struggle ; received the 
degree of LL. D. from Princeton Col- 
lege in 1781; and in IISI was a 
delegate to the Convention which 
framed the Constitution of the 
United States. He was Governor 
of South Carolina, from 1789 to 
1792, and from 1796 to 1798. He 
was a Senator in Congress, from 
1798 to 1801, and was appointed, in 
1802, Minister to Spain, by Presi- 
dent Jefferson, holding that posi- 
tion till 1805. He was subsequently 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1819 to 1821, and died October 29, 
1824. 

PINCKNEY, H. L. 

He was born in South Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1833 to 
1837 



PINCKNEY, THOMAS. 

He was a soldier of the American 
Revolution ; was elected Governor 
of South Carolina in 1787 ; was ap- 
pointed Minister to Great Britain 
by "Washington ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress from 1799 to 
1801. He died in 1828. 

PINCKNEY WILLIAM. 

Born in Annapolis, Maryland, 
March 17, 1765. Having prepared 
himself for the bar, under the in- 
struction of Judge Chase, he was 
admitted to practice in 1786, and 
immediately gave promise of high 
distinction. He was a member of 
the Convention which ratified the 
Federal Constitution, and from 1789 
to 1792 was a Representative in 
Congress, and then a member of the 
Executive Council, and made its 
President. In 1795 he was a mem- 
ber of the State Legislature, In 
1796 he was a Commissioner under 
Jay's treaty, in conjunction with 
Mr. Gore, and remained in London 
eight years. He recovered for Mary- 
land a claim on the Bank of England 
for $800,000. In 1806 he was Envoy 
Extraordinary to England, and in 
1808, on the return of Mr. Monroe, 
was made Minister Plenipotentiary. 
He returned to the United States, 
and settled in Baltimore, in 1811, 
and was soon after a member of the 
State Senate. In December, 1811, 
he was appointed Attorney-General, 
and remained in that position until 
1814. He commanded a battalion 
of riflemen, and was wounded at 
Bladensburg, in August, 1814. He 



!82 



Biographical Sketches. 



was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1815 to 1816, and then made 
Minister to Russia and Envoy to 
Naples. On his return, in 1819, he 
was elected a member of the United 
States Senate, and continued in that 
station until his death, February 
25, 1822. He possessed splendid 
talents, and was one of the most ac- 
complished orators and statesmen of 
his time. 

PINDELL, JAMES. 

He was born in Yirginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 18mo 1820. 

PIPER, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1811 
to 1819. 

PITCHER, NATHANIEL. 

He was born at Litchfield, Con- 
necticut ; and was a member of the 
New York Legislature in 1806, 
1815, 1816, and 181t ; a delegate 
to the State Constitutional Conven- 
tion of 1821; at one time Lieute- 
nant-Governor and acting Governor 
of the State ; at another. Commis- 
sioner to survey the State roads ; 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1819 to 1823, 
and again from 1831 to 1833. 

PITKIN, TIMOTHY. 

Born in Farmington, Connecti- 
cut, in 1*165, and graduated at Yale 
College in 1185. He was for seve- 
ral years a member of the State 
Legislature, and Speaker of the 



House during five sessions, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1805 to 1819. In 1816 he pub- 
lished "A Statistical Yiew of the 
Commerce of the United States," 
and in 1828 his "Political and Civil 
History of the United States, from 
IT 63 to the close of Washington's 
Administration." He died in New 
Haven, December 18, 184*7. 

PITMAN, CHARLES W. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1849 to 
1851. 

PLANT, DAVID. 

Was a native of Stratford, Con- 
necticut, and graduated at Yale 
College in 1804. La 1819 and 1820 
he was Speaker of the House of 
Representatives ; in 1821 a mem- 
ber of the State Senate, and was 
twice re-elected. Prom 1823 to 
182*7 he was Lieutenant-Governor 
of the State, and from 182*7 to 1829 
a Representative in Congress. He 
died October 18, 1851. 

PLATER, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative, in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1801 to 
1805. 

PLATT, JONAS. 

Judge of the Supreme Court of 
New York, was a Representative 
in Congress, from New York, from 
1*799 to 1801, and died in Peru, 
Clinton County, New York, in 
1834. 



^ 



Biographical Sketches. 



P-LEASANTS, JAMES. 

Born in Virginia, in 1169, and 
died at Goochland County, Novem- 
ber 9, 1836. He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1811 to 
1819, United States Senator, from 
1819 to 1822, Governor of Virgi- 
nia, from 1822 to 1825, and a mem- 
ber of the Convention of 1829-30, 
for amending the State Constitu- 
tion. He was twice appointed to 
the bench, but declined, from a dis- 
trust of his own qualifications. He 
was a man of rare modesty, greatly 
respected and esteemed for public 
and private virtues. 

TLUMER, ARNOLD. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1837 to 1839, and 
again from 1841 to 1843. 

PLUMER, GEORGE. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1821 to 182t. 

PLUMER, WILLIAM. 

He was born at Newburyport, 
Massachusetts, June 25, 1159; re- 
ceived a good education; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1181 ; was for many years Solicitor 
for the County of Rockingham; he 
was for eight years a member of 
the State Legislature, and two 
years Speaker of the House ; served 
as a member, and President of the 
State Senate. He was also Go- 
vernor of New Hampshire for four 
years ; and was a Senator in Con- 



gress, from that State, from 1802 
to 1801. He died at Epping, New 
Hampshire, December 22, 1850. 

PLUMER, WILLIAM. 

Born in Eppiug, New Hamp- 
shire, in 1190, and died, Septem- 
ber 18, 1854. He graduated at 
Cambridge in 1809, studied law, 
but never practiced his profession. 
He frequently served in the State 
Legislature, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1819 to 
1825, — his father, whose name he 
bore, having been a United States 
Senator in 1802, from the same 
State. He was also a member of 
the Convention to form a new State 
Constitution, in 1850. 

PLUMMER, FRANKLIN E. 

He was at one time a Judge of 
the Circuit Court of Mississippi, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1831 to 1833, 
and again from 1833 to 1835. He 
died at Jackson, Mississippi, Sep- 
tember 24, 1852. 

POINDEXTER, GEORGE. 

He was the second Governor of 
Mississippi, under the State Con- 
stitution, from 1819 to 1821; was 
a Delegate to Congress, from the 
Territory, from 1801 to 1813, when 
he was appointed Federal Judge of 
the Territory ; he was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1811 
to 1819, and United States Se- 
nator, from Mississippi, from 1831 
to 1835. He died in Jackson, Mis- 
sissippi, September 5, 1853. 



384 



Biographical Sketches. 



POINSETT, JOEL R. 

He was born in South Carolina, 
in nt9; spent the most of his 
youth in traveling in foreign coun- 
tries ; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1821 to 1825 ; was appointed, by- 
President John Q. Adams, United 
States Minister to Mexico ; he was 
Secretary of War under President 
Van Buren; and from 1840 until 
his death he lived in retirement. 
He was a man of letters, and, among 
other things, wrote an interesting 
book on Mexico. He died in State- 
burg, South Carolina, December 
14, 1851. 

POLK, JAMES KNOX. 

Born in Mecklenburg County, 
North Carolina, November 2, 1795 ; 
removed with his father, in 1806, to 
Tennessee, and lived in the valley 
of Duck River, a branch of the 
Cumberland. He graduated at the 
University of North Carolina in 
1815 ; studied law in Tennessee 
with Felix Grundy, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1820 ; he was 
a member of the House of Repre- 
sentatives in Congress, from 1825 to 
1839, and Speaker in that body 
fi'om 1835 to 1837; and was elected 
Grovernor of Tennessee, in 1839, for 
two years. In December, 1844, 
the Electors chose him President 
of the United States; and during 
his eventful administration the Ore- 
gon question was settled, Texas an- 
nexed, war with Mexico declared, 
and New Mexico and California 



were acquired. He died at Nash- 
ville, Tennessee, June 15, 1849. 

POLK, TRUSTEN. 

He was born in Sussex County, 
Delaware, May 29, 1811; gradu- 
ated at Yale College in 1831 ; stu- 
died law at the Yale Law School ; 
and in 1835 he emigrated to Mis- 
souri, where he commenced the prac- 
tice of his profession. In 1845, 
while absent from Missouri for the 
benefit of his health, he was elected 
a member of the Convention called 
to remodel the State Constitution; 
in 1856 he was elected Grovernor of 
Missouri, and inaugurated January, 
1857, but soon resigned for a seat in 
the United States Senate, to which 
he was elected for the term of six 
years, from March 4, 1857. He is 
a member of the Committees on 
Foreign Affairs and on Claims. 

POLK, WILLIAM H. 

He was born in Maury County, 
Tennessee, May 24, 1815 ; educated 
at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and 
the University of Tennessee; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1839; in 1841 and 1843, he was 
elected to the State Legislature ; 
was appointed, by President Tyler, 
Charge d'Affaires to Naples, where 
he negotiated a treaty with the two 
Sicilies ; served as a major of dra- 
goons in the Mexican war; was a 
delegate to the Nashville Conven- 
tion, in 1850; and a Representative 
in Congress, from Tennessee from 
1851 to 1853. 



Biographical Sketches. 



385 



POLLOCK, JAMES. 

He was born in Pennsylvania; 
graduated at Princeton College in 
1831; was a Judge of the Court 
of Common Pleas ; was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1843 to 1849. 

POND, BENJAMIN. 
He served four years in the As- 
sembly of New York, from Essex 
County, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1811 to 1813. 

POPE, JOHN. 

He was born in Prince William 
County, Virginia, in 1110 ; having 
lost one arm, by accident, he de- 
termined to study law, and attained 
eminence at the bar ; he removed 
to Kentucky, and served a number 
of years in the Legislature ; was a 
Senator in Congress, from that 
State, from 1801 to 1813 ; and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1831 to 1843. In 1829 he was ap- 
pointed Grovernor of the Territory 
of Arkansas, and died in Kentucky 
in 1842. 

POPE, NATHANIEL. 

He was a Delegate to Congress, 
from the Territory of Illinois, from 
1816 to 1818, in which year he was 
appointed Register of the Land- 
office, in Edwardsville, Illinois; and 
was appointed, in 1819, Federal 
Judge of the Illinois District. 

POPE, PATRICK H. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1833 to 1835, and died 
25 



at Louisville, Kentucky, in May, 
1841. 

POPvTER, ALEXANDER. 

Born in Ireland in 1186, and his 
father having fallen a victim there 
during the disturbances of 1198, he 
emigrated to America, and settled 
at Nashville, Tennessee. He at 
first engaged in commerce, but 
afterwards studied law, and re- 
moved to Louisiana about the year 
1809, where he soon acquired dis- 
tinction. He assisted in formins: 
the Constitution of the State, and 
became a Judge of the Supreme 
Court of Louisiana ; and was a 
Senator in Congress, from 1834 to 
1831. He died at Attakapas, 
Louisiana, January 13, 1844. 

PORTER, AUGUSTUS S. 

Born in Canandaigua, New York, 
January 18, 1198 ; graduated at 
Union College in 1818; studied 
law, as a profession, and practiced 
for twenty years in Detroit, Michi- 
gan, of which city he was chosen 
Mayor in 1838. He was a Senator 
in Congress, from Michigan, from 
1840 to 1845, and in 1848 he re- 
moved to Niagara Falls, the resi- 
dence of his father, where he has 
since lived in retirement. 

PORTER, GILCHRIST. 
He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Missouri, from 1851 to 1851. 

PORTER, JAMES. 
He was a member of the New 
York Assembly, in 1814 and 1815, 



386 



BioaRAPHicAL Sketches. 



and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from ISIT 
to 1819. 

PORTER, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1806 
to 1811. 

PORTER, PETER B. 

He was born in 1*1 'TS, a native 
of Salisbury, Connecticut, and gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1*191. 
He completed bis law studies at 
Litchfield, and emigrated to West- 
ern ]S[ew York. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1809 to 1813, and from 
1815 to 1816. As Chairman of 
the Committee on Foreign Rela- 
tions, he reported the resolutions 
authorizing immediate and active 
preparations for war ; and in 1816 
was appointed Commissioner under 
the treaty of Ghent. In 1813 he 
was made major-general, and chief 
in command of the State troops, 
and in 1815 he received, from Pre- 
sident Madison, the appointment 
of commander-in-chief of the Uni- 
ted States army, which he declined. 
Soon after the war, he was chosen 
Secretary of the State of New 
York. In 1828 he was appointed 
Secretary of War, by President 
A Adams. He died at Niagara Falls, 
March 20, 1844, aged seventy-one 
years. 

PORTER, TIMOTHY H. 

He was a native of New York, 
served five years in the Assembly 



of that State, and also five years in 
the State Senate, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1825 to 1827. 

POSEY, THOMAS. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Louisiana, from 1812 to 1813. 
He died, March 19, 1818. 

POST, JOTHAM. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly, for four years, from 
the City of New York, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1813 to 1815. 

POTTER, ELISHA R. 

He filled, for forty years, a large 
space in the political transactions 
of Rhode Island, having been for 
twenty-five years a member of the 
General Assembly, and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1796 to 1197, and from 
1809 to 1815. He was a man of 
superior talents, and died at South 
Kingston, Rhode Island, September 
26, 1835. 

POTTER, ELISHA R., Jr. 

He was born in Rhode Island, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1845. 

POTTER, EMERY D. 

He was born in Ohio, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1848 to 1845, and 
again from 1849 to 1851. 



Biographical Sketches. 



387 



POTTER, JOHN F. 

Born in Augusta, Maine, May 
11, ISn ; educated at Philips's 
Academy, New Hampshire ; is a 
lawyer by profession ; was a mem- 
ber of the Legislature of Wiscon- 
sin in 1856, and Judge of Walworth 
County, from 1842 to 1846, and 
elected a Representative in the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Re- 
volutionary Pensions. He has been 
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress. 

rOTTER, ROBERT. 

Bovn in Granville County, North 
Carolina. He entered the navy as 
a midshipman, but resigned this 
position, and studied law. He en- 
tered the State Legislature in 1826, 
and was in Congress, from 1829 to 
1831. He was a second time in 
the Legislature, but owing to an 
outrage that he committed upon the 
persons of two men, of whom he 
was jealous, he lost all political in- 
fluence, and removing to Texas, was 
killed in a private brawl. 

POTTER, SAMUEL J. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Rhode Island, during the years 
1803 and 1804, having died in Oc- 
tober of the latter year, aged fifty- 
four years. 

POTTER, WILLIAM W. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1837 
to 1839, and died at Bellefonte, in 
that State, October 28, 1839. 



POTTLE, EMORY B. 

Born in Naples, New York ; is a 
lawyer by profession ; was once in 
the Legislature of New York ; and 
was elected a Representative in the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from that 
State, serving on the Committee 
on Expenditures in the Navy De- 
partment. He has also been re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress. 

POTTS, DAVID, .Jr. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1831 
to 1839. 

POTTS, RICHARD. 

He was Governor of Maryland 
during the years ITSl and 1782; 
and a Senator in Congress, from 
that State, from 1792 to 1796. He 
received from Princeton College, in 
1805, the degree of LL.D. 

POWELL, ALFRED H. 

He was born in Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1825 to 1827. 

POWELL, CUTHBERT. 

He was at one time Mayor of 
Alexandria, in Virginia, and on his 
removal to Loudon County, was 
elected to the Legislature ; was sub- 
sequently a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1841 to 1843. He died 
at Langollen, Virginia, May 8, 
1849. 



388 



Biographical Sketches. 



rOWELL, LEVIN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1799 to 
1801. 

POWELL, PAULUS. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
having been elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, 
in 1849, has continued in that ca- 
pacity to the present time, and is a 
member of the Committee on Ex- 
penditures in the Navy Depart- 
ment, and that on Post-offices and 
JPost-roads. 

POWELL, SAMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1815 

to isn. 

POWERS, GERSHOM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from JSTew York, from 1829 
to 1831. 

POYDRAS, JULIAN. 

He was a Delegate in Congress, 
from the Territory of Louisiana, 
from 1809 to 1812. 

PRATT, JAMES T. 

He was born in Middletown in 
1805; was bred a farmer, which 
occupation he still follows ; has 
served in the Connecticut Legisla- 
ture ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1853 to 1855. 

PRATT, THOMAS G. 

He was born in Washington City 
in 1800; was educated at Prince- 



ton College; was bred a lawyer; 
was Governor of Maryland, from 
1844 to 1848, and was a Senator 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1851 to 185t. 

PRATT, ZADOCK. 

"Was born at Stephentown, Rens- 
selaer County, New York, October 
30, 1790. He commenced in early 
life without means, but by his in- 
dustry gained a large fortune. De- 
voting his attention to tanning, he 
attained eminent success in that 
branch of the mechanic arts, and 
his name will ever be associated 
with Prattsville, and that vast tan- 
nery, where, previous to the close 
of it, in 1846, he had tanned more 
than a million sides of leather. He 
was elected to Congress in 1836, 
and labored successfully for the 
public good. His career in Con- 
gress will be remembered for his 
efforts in behalf of the reduction of 
postage, his plans for the new post- 
office buildings, and the bureau of 
statistics, which owes its origin to 
him. 

PRENTISS, JOHN H. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1837 
to 1841. 

PRENTISS, SAMUEL. 

He was born in Stonington, Con- 
necticut, March 31, 1782; removed 
with his father to Worcester, Mas- 
sachusetts, and subsequently to 
Northfield, where he commenced 



Biographical Sketches. 



389 



the study of law. He completed 
his professional studies in Brattle- 
borough Yermont, and commenced 
practice at Montpelier in 1803, 
where he soon attained success, and 
became one of the foremost men of 
the Yermont bar. In 1824 and 
1825 he represented Montpelier in 
the State Legislature. In 1829 he 
was elected Chief Justice of the 
Supreme Court of the State, having 
several years before declined the 
office of Associate Justice of that 
Court. lie was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from Yermont, from 1831 to 
1842. While Senator, he did much 
to effect the passage of the law 
against duelling in the District of 
Columbia. In 1842 he was ap- 
pointed Judge of the Federal Dis- 
trict Court in Yermont, which office 
he held at the time of his death. 
He died in Montpelier, Yermont, 
January 15, 1857. 

PKENTISS, SERGEANT S. 

Born in Portland, Maine, Sep- 
tember 30, 1808, and died at Long- 
wood, near Natchez, Mississippi, 
July 1, 1850. He graduated at 
Bowdoin College in 1826, when, 
after studying law at Gorham, he 
removed to Mississippi, and passed 
two years as tutor in a private 
family. He studied law at Natchez, 
and on removing to Yicksburg, 
became from the start the leader of 
the bar in his adopted State, — ac- 
quiring by his profession a large 
property. He entered into politics, 
was elected to the State Legisla- 
ture in 1835, and in 1837 was 



chosen a Representative in Con- 
gress, for the years 1838 and 1839. 
From that period until the close of 
his life, he was devoted wholly to 
his profession, appearing frequently 
in court at New Orleans; and as a 
jury orator, he was acknowledged 
as having no equal in the South- 
western States. 

PRESTON, FRANCIS. 

He was a member of Congress, 
from Yirginia, from 1793 to 1797, 
and died at Columbia, South Caro- 
lina, May 26, 1835, whither he had 
gone upon a visit to his son, the 
distinguished William C. Preston. 
He was in the seventieth year of 
his age. 

PRESTON, JACOB A. 

He was bom in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1845. 

PRESTON, WILLIAM. 

He was born near Louisville, 
Kentucky, October 16, 1816; was 
liberally educated at St. Joseph 
College, Kentucky, in New Haven, 
and at Harvard University; he 
settled, in the practice of law, at 
Louisville, and there remained un- 
til the Mexican war, when he went 
to Mexico as Lieutenant-Colonel of 
the Kentucky Yolunteers ; he served 
in the Convention called to frame 
anew the Constitution of Kentucky ; 
in 1850 and 1851 he was elected to 
the State Legislature; he was a 
Presidential Elector in 1852, voting 
for Scott; was a member of the 



390 



Biographical Sketches. 



Cincinnati Convention, which nomi- 
nated Mr. Buchanan in 1856 ; and 
has recently been appointed, by- 
President Buchanan, Minister to 
Spain. 

PRESTON, WILLIAM B. 

He was born in Yirginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 184t to 1849. 

rPvESTON, WILLIAM C. 

Was born December 21, 1194, 
in Philadelphia, while his father 
was attending Congress, at that 
place, as a member from Virginia. 
His maternal grandmother was the 
sister of Patrick Henry. He was 
educated at the University of South 
Carolina. In 1812 he graduated, 
and returned to Virginia, where he 
studied law in the office of William 
Wirt, at Richmond. In 1816 he 
went to Em^ope, and after visiting 
France, England, and Switzerland, 
resided for some time in Edinburgh, 
where he attended the lectures of 
Hope, Playfair, and Brown. In 
1819 he returned to the United 
States, and being admitted to the 
bar in 1821, commenced the prac- 
tice of law in Virginia. In 1822 
he removed to Columbia, in South 
Carolina, where he continued to 
practice his profession with great 
distinction and success. In 1832 
he was elected to the Senate of the 
United States, where he assumed a 
high position as a debater. In 
1842 he resigned his place in the 
Senate, and returned to the prac- 



tice of his profession in South Ca- 
rolina. In 1845 he became Presi- 
dent of the University of South 
Carolina, which office he filled with 
great credit until he was forced to 
resign, in consequence of ill health, 
since which time he has lived in re- 
tirement. 

PPJCE, RODMAN M. 

Born in Sussex County, New 
Jersey, November 5, 1816. He 
attended Princeton College until =■, . 
his health compelled him to retire, 
and he devoted some attention to 
the study of law; was appointed 
Purser in the Navy in 1840 ; is said 
to have been the first person to 
exercise judicial functions under the 
American flag on the Pacific Coast, 
as Alcalde ; in 1848 was made Navy 
Agent for the Pacific Coast ; was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
his native State, from 1851 to 
1853 ; and subsequently elected 
Governor of New Jersey. He 
caused the establishment, in that 
State, of a Normal School, and has 
done much to improve the militia 
of the State. 

PRICE, STERLING. 

He was born in Virginia ; was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Missouri, from 1845 to 1847. 

PRINCE, OLIVER H. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Georgia, during the years 
1828 and 1829, and died at sea, 
October 9, 1831. 



Biographical Sketches. 



391 



PRINCE, AVILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1823 to 
1824. 

PRINGLE, BENJAMIN. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1853 to 1851. 

PROFFIT, GEORGE H. 

He was a Representative iu Con- 
gress, from Indiana, from 1839 to 
1843; and in 1843 was United 
States Minister to Brazil. He died 
at Louisville, Kentucky, September 
5, 184T. 

PUGH, GEORGE ELLIS. 

Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, No- 
vember 28, 1822; graduated at 
Miami University in 1840, and is a 
lawyer by profession. He was 
captain of the 4th Regiment of 
Ohio Volunteers, in the Mexican 
war, in 1847 ; Representative in 
the Legislature in 1848 and 1849 ; 
was appointed Solicitor to the City 
of Cincinnati, in 1850 ; was Attor- 
ney-General of the State in 1851 ; 
and elected a Senator in Congress, 
from March 4, 1855, for six years, 
and is a member of the Committees 
on Public Lands and on the Judi- 
ciary. 

PUGH, .JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1805 to 1809. 



PUKDY, SMITH M. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1845. 

PURVIANCE, SAMUEL A. 

Born in Butler, Pennsylvania, 
November 8, 1809. He was a 
student of Washington College, 
but did not graduate ; is a lawyer 
by profession, and has practiced for 
twenty-five years ; was a member of 
the Convention to amend the State 
Constitution, in 1836, and served 
in the Legislature in 1838 and 
1839 ; was a member of the Elec- 
toral College in 1848; and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1854 to the present time, the Thir- 
ty-fifth Congress. He is a member 
of the Committee on Public Build- 
ings and Grounds. 

PURVIANCE, SAMUEL D. 

A member of Congress, from 
North Carolina, from 1803 to 1805. 

PURYEAR, RICHARD C'. 

He was born iu Mecklenburg, 
Virginia, February 9, 1801 ; re- 
ceived a good English education ; 
has spent the most of his life en- 
gaged in merchandising and farm- 
ing. In 1838, having removed to 
North Carolina, he was elected to 
the Legislature of that State ; in 
1840 to the State Senate ; in 1844, 
1846, and 1852, he was again cho- 
sen to the Legislature ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
North Carolina, from 1853 to 1857. 



392 



Biographical Sketches. 



PUTMAN, HARVEY. 

For many years a leading mem- 
ber of Genesee County bar ; was 
elected, several times, to both 
branches of the New York Legis- 
lature ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from ISTew York, from 
1 84 1 to 1851. He died in Attica, 
ISTew York, September 21, 1855, 
aged sixty-two years. 

QUARLES, TUNSTALL. 

He was born in Virginia ; was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Kentucky, from 18n to 1820, 
and was subsequently Receiver of 
Public Moneys at Cape Girardeau, 
Missouri. 

QUINCY, JOSIAH. 

Born in Boston, Massachusetts, 
February 4, 1*7*12. He graduated at 
Harvard in 1*790, and entered on 
the practice of law in Boston. In 
1804 he was chosen Representa- 
tive, from Boston, in the Congress 
of the United States, and held that 
station eight successive years, until 
he declined a re-election in 1813. 
He was chosen State Senator, for 
Suffolk, from 1814 to 1819; Re- 
presentative, from Boston ; and was 
Speaker of the House, in 1820 ; 
Judge of the Municipal Court, in 
Boston, in 1821 ; and Mayor of 
that City in 1823. He held the 
office of Mayor six successive years, 
until he declined a re-election, in 
December, 1828. In 1829 he was 
chosen President of Harvard Uni- 
versity, and held that office until 
his resignation in 1845. His pub- 



lished works are " Speeches in 
Congress, and Orations on Various 
Occasions," " Memoir of Josiah 
Quincy, jr., of Massachusetts," 
" Centennial Address on the Two 
Hundredth Anniversary of the Set- 
tlement of Boston," " A History 
of Harvard University, from 1636 
to 1836," " Memoir of James Gra- 
hame. Historian of the U. S. A.," 
" Memoir of Major Samuel Shaw," 
" History of the Boston Athe- 
naeum," " A Municipal History o 
the Town and City of Boston, from 
1630 to 1830." 

QUITMAN, JOHN A. 

Born in Rhinebeck, Dutchess 
County, New York, September 1, 
1*799. He had a liberal education; 
studied theology, but preferred the 
law, and in his twentieth year was 
a professor of law in Mount Airy 
College, Pennsylvania. In 1820 he 
emigrated to Ohio, and was admit- 
ted to the bar of that State, but 
soon afterwards removed to Natchez, 
Mississippi. In 182*7 he was elected 
to the State Legislature; in 1828 
was appointed Chancellor of the 
State, serving three years ; in 1835 
he was elected to the State Senate, 
and as President of that body was 
called upon to perform the duties of 
Governor ; in 1836 he distinguished 
himself as a soldier and leader in 
behalf of Texas against Mexico ; in 
1839 he visited Europe on business 
for the Mississippi Railroad ; on his 
return was appointed Judge of the 
High Court of Errors and Appeals ; 
he served with distinction in the 



Biographical Sketches. 



193 



Mexican war ; had a horse shot 
from under him at Monterey; com- 
manded at Victoria ; was at Yera 
Cruz and Ojo Del Agua ; commis- 
sioned, by the President, major- 
general in the army ; he also ac- 
quitted himself with great credit at 
Chapultepec ; he was Governor of 
Mississippi in 1850; and in 1855 
he was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from Mississippi, and 
re-elected in 185t, serving both 
terms at the head of the Committee 
on Military Affairs. By virtue of 
his experience and strict integrity 
he ever commanded the respect of 
all, and the kindness of his heart 
and amiable manners won for him 
troops of friends among all parties. 
He was spoken of on two occasions 
as the Democratic canditate for 
Vice-President, and was the recog- 
nized leader of those favorable to 
the annexation of Cuba. He died 
at his residence in Mississippi, July 
IT, 1858. 

RAMSAY, ALEXANDER. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1843 to 
1847. 

RAMSAY, ROBERT. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1833 
to 1835, and again from 1841 to 
1843. 

RAMSEY, WILLIAIM. 

Born at Sterrett's Gap, Cumber- 
land County, Pennsylvania, Septem- 



ber 1, 1719. In 1803he was appoint- 
ed Surveyor of his native county, an 
ofRce held by his father during the 
Revolution; and he also held the 
offices of Prothonotary, Register, 
Recorder, and Clerk of the Orphans' 
Court ; studied law, and practiced 
with success. In 1826 he was 
elected a member of Congress, re- 
elected in 1828 and 1830, and died 
in September, 1831. 

RAMSEY, WILLIAM S. 

Born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 
June 12, 1810; was educated at 
Dickinson College, but on account 
of bad health did not graduate; he 
traveled in Europe ; was an attache 
to the American Legation in Lon- 
don, and formed the acquaintance 
of Walter Scott and General La 
Fayette ; returning to Carlisle, he 
was admitted to the bar in 1832 ; 
elected a Representative to Con- 
gress in 1838, re-elected in 1840, 
but died in Baltimore, October IT, 
1840, a few weeks after his election. 

RANDALL, ALEXANDER. 
He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1843. 

RANDALL, BEN.JAIMIN. 
He was born in Massachusetts in 
1T89 ; graduated at Bowdoin Col- 
lege in 1809 ; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1814, and 
commenced to practice in Bath, 
Maine, where he resided forty- five 
years. He was a member of the State 
Senate in 1833, and aRepresentative 
in Congress, from Maine, from 1839 



594 



BioaRAPHicAL Sketches. 



to 1843, and a member of the Com- 
mittee on Invalid Pensions. He 
was appointed, by President Tay- 
lor, Collector of the port of Bath, 
and died at that place October 14, 
1857. 

RANDOLPH, JAMES F. 

Born in Middlesex County, New- 
Jersey, June 26, 1*191; received a 
common school education, served 
an apprenticeship to the printing 
business, and became editor of the 
Fredonia, a weekly newspaper, in 
1812, and continued in that capa- 
city for thirty-years. He was ap- 
pointed Collector of the " Internal 
Revenue" of the IJnited States, in 
1815, and held that office till the 
close of the war in Texas. He was 
subsequently Clerk of the Court of 
Common Pleas for the County, and 
for two years a member of the State 
Legislature. He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress from 1828 to 
1833, and was afterwards president 
of a bank in New Brunswick, New 
Jersey, for ten years. 

RANDOLPH, JOHN, op P.oanoke. 

He was born in Chesterfield, Yir- 
ginia, June 2, 1113, and was a de- 
scendant, through his mother, from 
Pocahontas, the daughter of Pow- 
hatan, the great Indian Chief. His 
father died in 1115, leaving three 
sons and a large estate; and his 
mother was married in 1183 to St. 
George Tucker, who was his guar- 
dian during his minority. His early 
life was spent at different places, 
under different instructors, of most 



of whom he said he "never learned 
anything." He passed a short time 
at Princeton College, Columbia 
College, and at William and Mary 
College ; and for a time he studied 
law with Edmund Randolph. He 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, in 1199, and he continued a 
member of the House of Represen- 
tatives, with the exception of two 
intervals of two years each, until 
1829 ; in that year he was a mem- 
ber of the Convention to revise the 
Constitution of Yirginia, and he 
was afterwards appointed Minister 
Plenipotentiary to Russia, by Presi- 
dent Jackson, in 1830. During one 
of the intervals alluded to, from 
1825 to 1821, he was a Senator of 
the United States. He was never 
married, and was possessed of a 
large estate on the Roanoke. He 
died at Philadelphia, May 24, 1833, 
while about to depart for Europe 
for the restoration of his feeble 
health. He was distinguished alike 
for his genius, his effective elo- 
quence, and for many eccentricities 
of thought and manner. 

RANDOLPH, JOSEPH F. 

Born in 1803, in New Jersey, and 
obtained an ordinary school educa- 
tion, after which he studied law and 
was licensed to practice in 1825 ; 
he settled at Monmouth Court 
House, and was appointed States 
Attorney for the County. He 
was a Representative in Congress 
from 1831 to 1843, and during 
one term he was Chairman of 
the Committee on Revolutionary 



Biographical Sketches. 



395 



Claims. In 1844 he was a member 
of the Convention which framed the 
State Constitution; and in 1845 
was appointed a Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of New Jersey, for 
seven years, after which he resumed 
the practice of his profession at 
Trenton, where he now resides. 

KANDOLrH, THOMAS M. 

He was a native of Virginia; Go- 
vernor of that State ; and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1803 to 
1801, and died at Monticello, June 
20, 1828. 

RANKIN, CHRISTOPHER. 

He was born in Washington 
County, Pennsylvania, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Mississippi, from 1819 to 1826. 

RANTOUL, ROBERT. 

Born in Beverly, Massachusetts, 
May 13, 1805. He graduated at 
Harvard University in 1826; stu- 
died law ; was admitted to the bar 
in 1827, and settled to practice in 
South Reading, and removed to 
Gloucester in 1832 ; was elected to 
the State Legislature in 1834, and 
in 1837 a member of the Massachu- 
setts Board of Education. In 1838 
he removed to Boston, and in 1843 
was appointed Collector of that 
port; in 1845 was appointed, by 
President Polk, United States Dis- 
trict Attorney for Massachusetts; 
in 1851 succeeded Mr. Webster in 
the United States Senate, but re- 
mained there only a short time ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 



from 1851 to the time of his death, 
which occurred at Washington, Au- 
gust 1, 1852. His writings have 
since been published in a large vo- 
lume. 

RARIDEN, JAMES. 

He was a native of Kentucky, 
and was an early settler of the White 
Water "Valley, in that State ; he was 
self-educated, and became eminent 
as a lawyer. He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Indiana, 
from 1837 to 1841, and died at 
Cambridge City, in that State. 

RATHBUN, GEORGE. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1847. 

RAYNER, KENNETH. 

Born in Bertie County, North 
Carolina, in 1808; received an aca- 
demical education ; and though he 
studied law, he did not practice. 
He entered public life, in 1835, as a 
member of the House of Commons, 
and the same year was a member of 
the Convention to revise the State 
Constitution. He served again in 
the local Legislature in 1836 and 
1838, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1839 to 1845. In 
1846 he went for the third time into 
the Legislature. 

REA, .JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803 
to 1811, and again from 1813 to 
1815. 



3&6 



Biographical Sketches. 



READ, ALMON H. 

He was born in Vermont in 1190 ; 
graduated at Williamstown Col- 
lege ; studied law, and removing to 
Pennsylvania, was frequently elected 
to the State Legislature ; in 1840 
was appointed Treasurer of the 
State, and in 1841 was elected to fill 
a vacancy in the National House of 
Representatives. Died at Montrose, 
Pennsylvania, June 3, 1843. 

READ, GEORGE. 

Born in Cecil County, Maryland, 
in 1134, but, with his father, re- 
moved to New Castle County, Dela- 
ware. He was educated for the law, 
and was admitted to the bar in Phi- 
ladelphia, at the age of nineteen, 
and practiced his profession in New 
Castle; was made Attorney-Gene- 
ral of the three lower counties on 
the Delaware, in 1163, and held the 
office until he was chosen a Delegate 
to Congress, in 1175. In 1116 he 
was a signer of the Declaration of 
Independence. He was President 
of the Convention which formed the 
first Constitution of Delaware, and 
also a member of the Convention 
which framed the Federal Constitu- 
tion, and was elected a member of 
the United States Senate, serving 
from 1789 to 1793. He was then 
appointed Chief Justice of the Su- 
preme Court of Delaware, in which 
office he remained until his death, 
in 1798. 

READ, JACOB. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 



1795 to 1802, and was appointed, by 
President Adams, Judge of the 
United States District Court of 
South Carolina, in 1801. 

READ, NATHAN. 

Born in Essex County, Massa- 
chusetts, in 1760; graduated at 
Harvard University in 1781, and 
two years afterwards officiated as 
tutor in that institution. He was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Massachusetts, from 1800 to 1808; 
and having removed to Halloweil, 
Maine, was for many years Judge 
of the Court of Common Pleas. 
He was devoted to science, and a 
petitioner for a patent for an inven- 
tion, before the patent laws were 
enacted ; and before the time of 
Fulton's experiments, he had tried 
the effect of steam upon a boat in 
Wenham Pond. He died at Hal- 
loweil, January 20, 1849. 

READ, THOMAS B. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Mississippi, from 1826 to 
1827, and also during the session of 
1829, and died soon afterwards. 

READE, EDWIN G. 

Born in Orange County, North 
Carolina, November 13, 1812 ; he 
had a liberal education ; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1836, in Person County, and en- 
gaged in a lucrative practice. He 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, in 1855, serving until 
1857. 



Biographical Sketches. 



397 



READY, CHARLES. 

Born at Ready ville, Rutherford 
County, Tennessee, December 22, 
1802. He graduated at Greenville 
College, and received from the 
Nashville University the degree of 
Master of Arts. He was bred a 
lawyer, and has practiced his pro- 
fession with success. He was a 
member of the Tennessee Legisla- 
ture in 1835, and closely identified 
with the organization of the Judi- 
ciary. By special commission he 
has twice presided in the Supreme 
Court of Tennessee, and was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, in 1853, to which 
position he has been twice re-elect- 
ed, and is a member of the Com- 
mittee on the Judiciary. 

REAGAN, JOHN H. 

Born in Sevier County, Tennes- 
see, October 8, 1818 ; is a lawyer 
by profession ; was appointed De- 
puty Surveyor in the Republic of 
Texas, in 1840; and in 1843 was a 
justice of the peace and militia cap- 
tain ; in 184G, Probate Judge and 
colonel of militia, and elected a 
member of the Legislature in 1847; 
was a Judge of the District Court 
from 1852 to 1857, when he was 
elected a member of the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittees on Indian Affairs and Ex- 
penditures in the Post-office De- 
partment. 

REDING, JOHN R. 

He was born in New Hampshire, 
and was a Representative in Con- 



gress, from that State, from 1841 to 
1845. 

REED, CHARLES M. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1845. 

REED, EDWARD C. 

He was a native of New York; 
graduated at Dartmouth College in 
1812 ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 
1831 to 1833. 

REED, ISAAC. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, his native State, 
from 1852 to 1853. 

REED, JOHN. 

Graduated at Yale College in 
1T72 ; was ordained as a minister 
of the gospel in 1780, and settled at 
West Bridgewater, Massachusetts. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1795 
to 1801, and from 1813 to 1817. 
He died February 17, 1831, aged 
eighty years. 

REED, PHILIP. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Maryland, from 1806 to 1813, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from 1817 to 1819, and again from 
1821 to 1823. He died November 
2, 1829. 

REED, ROBERT R. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 



398 



lOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



gress, from that State, from 1849 to 
1851. 

REED, WILLIAM. 

He was a native of Massachu- 
setts, an eminent merchant, and 
highly esteemed for his benevolent 
and religious character. He was a 
member of Congress, from Massa- 
chusetts, from 1811 to 1815; was 
President of the Sabbath- School 
Union of Massachusetts, and of the 
American Tract Society ; Yice- 
President of the American Educa- 
tion Society; a member of the Board 
of Visitors of the Theological Semi- 
nary at Andover, and of the Board 
of Trustees of Dartmouth College. 
Besides liberal bequests to heirs and 
relatives, he left $68,000 to benevo- 
lent objects, of which $1Y,000 were 
to Dartmouth College, $10,000 to 
Amherst College, $10,000 to the 
Board of Commissioners for For- 
eign Missions, $9000 to the First 
Church and Society in Marblehead, 
$t000 to the Second Congrega- 
tional Church of Marblehead, and 
$5000 to the Library of the Theo- 
logical Seminary at Andover. He 
died at Marblehead, February 18, 
1831, very suddenly, while attend- 
ing a Sabbath-school meeting. 

REESE, DAVID A. 

He was born in South Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from G-eorgia, from 1853 to 
1855. 

REID, DAVID S. 

Born in Kockingham County, 
Korth Carolina, April 19, 1813. 



He studied law, and was admitted 
to practice in 1843 ; he was elected 
to the State Legislature in 1835, 
and served continuously until 1842. 
In 1843 he was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from North 
Carolina, serving that term ; and 
was re-elected in 1845 for a second 
term ; he was, in 1850, elected 
Governor of North Carolina, and 
re-elected in 1852, serving until 
1855, when he was elected a Sena- 
tor in Congress, which position he 
continues to hold. He is Chair- 
man of the Committee on Patents 
and the Patent-office, and a member 
of the Committee on Commerce. 

REID, ROBERT R. 

He vfas born in Beaufort Dis- 
trict, South Carolina, in 1789 ; re- 
moved early in life to Georgia; 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1818 to 1823; 
was also a Judge of the Superior 
Court of that State ; was appoint- 
ed, in 1832, by President Adams, 
District Judge for Eastern Florida; 
and was appointed, by President 
Yan Buren, Governor of the Ter- 
ritory of Florida; and was a mem- 
ber of the Convention which formed 
a State Constitution for Florida, 
over which body he presided in a 
creditable manner. He died near 
Tallahassee, July 1, 1841. 

REILLY, WILSON. 

Born in Pennsylvania; followed 
for a time the business of a hatter, 
and was elected a Representative 
in Congress, in 185T, serving as a 



Biographical Sketches. 



399 



member of the Committee on Pa- 
tents. 

REILY, LUTHER. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1837 
to 1839. 

RELFE, JAMES H. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
having settled in Missouri, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1843 
to 184Y. 

RENCHER, ABRAHAM. 

Born in Wake County, North 
Carolina, and in 1822 graduated at 
the University of that State. He 
practiced law for a time, but taking 
an interest in politics, was elected 
to Congress, where he served from 
1829 to 1839, and again from 1841 
to 1842; and he was appointed, 
by President Buchanan, Governor 
of the Territory of New Mexico, 
which office he still retains. 

REYNOLDS, GIDEON. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1847 to 1851. 

REYNOLDS, JAMES B. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1815 
to 1817, and again from 1823 to 
1825. 

REYNOLDS, JOHN. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 



gress, from that State, from 1835 
to 1837, and again from 1839 to 
1843. 

REYNOLDS, JOSEPH. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1835 to 1837. 
He also served in the Assembly of 
that State, in 1819. 

RHEA, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1803 
to 1815, and from 1817 to 1823. 
In 1816 he was appointed United 
States Commissioner, to treat with 
the Chocktaws. 



RHETT, ROBERT B. 

He was born in Beaufort, South 
Carolina, December 24, 1800; re- 
ceived a liberal education, and 
adopted the profession of law; in 
1826 he was elected to the State 
Legislature, and in 1832 he was 
elected Attorney-General of South 
Carolina; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1838 to 1847, 
and for a second term, ending in 
1849, and was a Senator in Con- 
gress during the years 1850 and 
1851, having resigned, contrary to 
the wishes of his State. He is 
said to have been the first man who 
proposed, and advocated on the 
floor of Congress, a dissolution of 
the Union. Of late years he has 
lived wholly retired from public 
life, on an extensive plantation. 



400 



Biographical Sketches. 



RICAUD, JAMES B. 

Bom in Baltimore, Maryland, 
February 11, 1808; graduated at 
Washington College, Maryland, and 
is a lawyer by profession; was a 
member of the House of Delegates of 
Maryland, in 1834, and of the State 
Senate of Maryland, from 1836 to 
1844, inclusive; was an Elector of 
President and Yice-President in 
1836 and 1844; and a Representa- 
tive in the Thirty-fourth and Thirty- 
fifth Congresses, serving on the 
Committee on Manufactures, and 
also that for investigating the Ac- 
counts of the late Clerk of the 
House. 

RICE, HENRY M. 

He was born in Vermont, Novem- 
ber 29, 1816; emigrated to Michi- 
gan when it was a Territory, and 
since that time has lived in three 
other Territories, viz., Iowa, Wiscon- 
sin, and Minnesota, much of his life 
having been spent among the wild 
Indian tribes of the Northwest ; in 
1840 he was appointed a sutler in 
the army ; has been employed as 
Commissioner in making many In- 
dian treaties of great importance; 
in 1853 he was elected a Delegate 
to Congress, from Minnesota; re- 
elected in 1855, having secured the 
passage of the act authorizing the 
people of Minnesota to form a State 
Constitution ; and in 185t he was 
elected a Senator in Congress, from 
Minnesota, for the term of six years. 
At the commencement of the second 
session of the Thirty-fifth Congress 
he was appointed a member of the 



Committees on Indian Affairs and 
on Post-offices and Post-roads. 

RICE, THOMAS. 

He graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity in IT 91 ; was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Massachu- 
setts, from 1815 to 1819; and died 
in 1854. 

RICH, CHARLES. 

He was born in Hampshire Coun- 
ty, Massachusetts, in ITtl, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Yermont, from 1813 to 1815, and 
again from 181*7 to 1824. He died 
at Sherburne, Yermont, October 15, 
1824. 

RICHARD, GABRIEL. 

He was a Roman Catholic priest, 
and a man of learning. He was 
born at Saintes, in France ; came to 
America after the commencement 
of the French Revolution ; labored 
in Illinois as a missionary; went to 
Detroit, Michigan, in 1198, whence 
he was sent as a Delegate to Con- 
gress, in 1823. He died in Detroit, 
September 13, 1832, aged sixty- 
eight years. During his ministry, 
it became his duty, according to the 
Roman Catholic religion, to excom- 
municate one of his parishioners, 
who had been divorced from his 
wife. The parishioner prosecuted 
the priest for defamation of charac- 
ter, which resulted in his obtaining 
a verdict of $1000. This money 
the priest could not pay, and was 
conseciuently imprisoned in the com- 
mon jail; as he had already been 
elected a Delegate to Congress, he 



Biographical Sketches. 



401 



went from his prison, in the wilds of 
Michigan, to his seat on the floor 
of Congress. 

KICHARDS, JACOB. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803 
to 1809. 

RICHARDS, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1*795 
to lldl. 

RICHARDS, JOHN. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly, in 1814 and 1815, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1823 to 1825. 

RICHARDS, MARK. 

He was born in New Haven, 
Connecticut, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Yermont, 
from 1817 to 1821. 

RICHARDS, MATHIAS. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 180t 
to 1811. 

RICHARDSON, JOHN P. 

He was a judge, and a member 
of the House of Representatives, in 
Congress, from South Carolina, from 
1837 to 1840, and died in South 
Carolina, in 1850. 

RICHARDSON, JOHN S. 

Born in South Carolina, in 1777, 

and died at Charleston, May 11, 

1850. He was an Associate Judge 

of the General Sessions and the 

26 



Common Pleas, and Presiding 
Judge of the Court of Appeals ; 
and was elected a member of Con- 
gress, in 1820, but owing to some 
exigency in his private affairs, he 
was not qualified. He was also at 
one time a member of the State 
Legislature, and also Attorney-Ge- 
neral for the State. 

RICHARDSON, JOSEPH. 

He graduated at Dartmouth Col- 
lege in 1802, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Massachu- 
setts, from 1827 to 1831. 

RICHARDSON, WILLIAM A. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
having removed to Blinois, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1847 to 1855; and was 
appointed, by President Buchanan, 
Governor of Nebraska Territory, 
which ofiice he resigned in 1858. 

RICHARDSON, WILLIAM M. 

He was born at Pelham, New 
Hampshire, January 4, 1774, and 
graduated at the University of 
Cambridge in 1797. He practiced 
law for a few years at Groton, Mas- 
sachusetts, and was a member of 
Congress, from 1811 to 1814. Here- 
moved to Portsmouth, New Hamp- 
shire, in 1814, and was appointed 
Chief Justice in 1816 ; and he dis- 
charged the duties of the office with 
high reputation nearly twenty-two 
years. He was a man of distin- 
guished talents, great industry, and 
extensive acquirements, and highly 
respected for his integrity and 



402 



Biographical Sketches. 



estimable character. He was the 
author of " The New Hampshire 
Justice," and "The Town Officer." 
A considerable portion of the first 
and second volumes of the New 
Hampshire Reports was drawn up 
by the Chief Justice ; nearly all the 
cases of the third, fourth, and fifth, 
were furnished by him ; and of the 
matter for, perhaps, four volumes 
more, he prepared a large share. 
He died at Chester, New Hamp- 
shire, March 23, 1838. 

RICHMOND, JONATHAN. 
He was born in Bristol, Massa- 
chusetts, in 11 14; was one of the 
pioneers to Western ISew York, in 
1813; was once Collector of the 
Customs for the United States, and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1819 to 1821. 
He died in Cayuga, New York, 
July 29, 1853. 

RIDDLE, GEORGE R. 
He was born in New Castle, 
Delaware, in 1811 ; educated at 
Delaware College ; studied survey- 
ing, and was engaged for years in 
locating canals and roads in Penn- 
sylvania, Maryland, and Virginia; 
he studied law, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1848; he was soon 
afterwards appointed Deputy At- 
torney-General for his native coun- 
ty, which he held until 1850 ; and 
he was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from Delaware, from 1851 
to 1855. He was also a Delegate 
to the several National Conven- 
tions of 1844, 1848, and 1856. Now 
devoted to his profession. 



RIDGELEY, HENRY M. 
Born in 1178; a lawyer by pro- 
fession, and for many years was a 
distinguished member of the Dela- 
ware bar. He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Delaware, 
from 1811 to 1815; and supplied a 
vacancy as Senator in Congress, 
from 1826 to 1829. He died at 
his residence in Dover, Delaware, 
August 1, 1841. 

RIDGWAY, JOSEPH. 
He was born on Staten Island, 
New York, May 6, 1183, received 
a limited education, and acquired 
the trade of a house carpenter. In 
1811 he emigrated to Cayuga Coun- 
ty, New York, and devoted himself 
to making fanning mills; and in 
1822 settled in Columbus, Ohio, 
and established an extensive iron 
foundry, which subsequently became 
an establishment for manufacturing 
railroad carriages. In 1828 he was 
elected to the Legislature of Ohio, 
and re-elected in 1830; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1831 to 1843. He 
failed in business in 1811, and 
though exonerated by the Bank- 
rupt law, he thought proper, in 
1851, to pay up his old debts, at the 
rate of two dollars for one ; and of 
seventy creditors, he only found 
four living, so that he had to hunt 
up and pay the heirs, which occu- 
pied four months of his time. 

RIGGS, LEWIS. 
He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1843. 



Biographical Sketches. 



403 



RIKEE, SAMUEL. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly, in 1784, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1804 to 1805, and 
again from ISOT to 1809. 

EINGGOLD, SAMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1810 to 
1815, and again from ISlYto 1821. 

EirLEY, ELEAZAR W. 

He graduated at Dartmouth Col- 
lege in 1800; studied law, and set- 
tled in the District of Maine ; was 
Speaker of the Massachusetts House 
of Representatives, in 1811; ac- 
quitted himself with credit as an 
officer in the last war with Eng- 
land ; removed to Louisiana, whence 
he was elected to Congress, serving 
from 1835 to the time of his death, 
which occurred at New Orleans, 
March 2, 1839, aged fifty-seven 
years. 

RIPLEY, JAMES W. 

He was a Collector of Customs 
for the Passamaquoddy District of 
Maine ; an officer in the late war 
with England, and a member of Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1829 to 
1831. He died in June, 1835. 

RISLEY, ELIJAH. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1849 to 
1851. 



EITCHEY, THOMAS. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and having settled in Ohio, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1847 ' 
to 1849, and again from 1853 to 
1855. 

RITCHIE, DAVID. 

He was born at Canonsburg, 
Washington County, Pennsylvania, 
August 19, 1812; graduated at 
Jeiferson College in 1829 ; ad- 
mitted to the bar, at Pittsburg, in 
1835; received the degree of 
S.W.D. from the University of 
Heidelberg, Germany, in 1837 ; 
and has been a Representative, from 
Pittsburg, in the Thirty-third, 
Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-fifth Con- 
gresses, and is a member of the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs. 

RITTER, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1843 
to 1847, and died in Reading, 
Pennsylvania, November 24, 1851. 

RIVERS, THOMAS. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1855 to 1857. 

RIVES, FRANCIS E. 

He was born »in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1837 to 1841. 

RIVES, AVILLIAM C. 

He was born in Nelson County, 
Yirginia, May 4, 1793 ; was edu- 



404 



Biographical Sketches. 



cated at Hampden Sidney and Wil- 
liam and Mary Colleges ; studied 
law and politics under the direction 
of Thomas Jefferson ; was aid-de- 
camp in 1814 and 1815 with a 
body of militia and volunteers, 
called out for the defence of Yir- 
ginia ; and was a member, in 1816, 
of the Staunton Convention, called 
to reform the State Constitution. 
He was elected to the Legislature 
of Yirginia in 1811, 1818, and 
1819, from Nelson County; in 
1822 to the same position from Al- 
bemarle County ; in 1823 he was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, and he served for three suc- 
cessive terms; in 1829 he was ap- 
pointed, by President Jackson, 
Minister to France ; on his return 
in 1832 he was elected a Senator in 
Congress, and resigned in 1834 ; 
was re-elected in 1835, and served 
to the end of the term, in 1839 ; in 
1840 was elected to the Senate, for 
a third term, where he remained 
until 1845. In 1849 he was a 
second time appointed Minister to 
France, and returned in 1853, when 
he finally retired from political life. 

ROANE, JOHN. 

He was born in Virginia ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1827 to 1831, 
and for a third term, from 1835 to 
1837. 

ROANE, JOHN J. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, his native 
State, from 1831 to 1833. 



ROANE, JOHN T, 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 1809 to 
1815. 

ROANE, WILLIAM H. 

Born in Yirginia, in 1788 ; was 
twice elected a member of the Exe- 
cutive Council of that State ; once 
a Delegate to the General Assem- 
bly; a Representative in Congress, 
from 1815 to 1817; and a Senator 
of the United States, from 1837 to 
1841. He died at Tree Hill, near 
Richmond, Yirginia, May 11, 1845. 

ROBBINS, GEORGE R. 

Born near Allentown, Monmouth 
County, New Jersey, September 
24, 1812 ; graduated at the Jeffer- 
son Medical College, Philadelphia, 
in 1837, and pursued the practice 
of medicine, until his election to 
the House of Representatives, du- 
ring the Thirty-fourth Congress, 
and was re-elected to the Thirty- 
fifth, and is a member of the Com- 
mittee on Invalid Pensions. 

ROBBINS, JOHN, Jr. 
He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1855. 

ROBERTS, ANTHONY E. 
Born in Chester County, Penn- 
sylvania, October, 1803, but re- 
moved with his parents to Lancaster 
County, in his infancy ; he re- 
ceived a common school education, 
and commenced life as a merchant. 



Biographical Sketches. 



405 



In 1839 he was elected Sheriff of 
Lancaster County, and held the 
office till 1842. In 1 849 he was 
appointed, by President Taylor, 
Marshal of the Eastern District of 
Pennsylvania, and remained in that 
position nntil 1853, and collected 
the statistics for the Seventh Cen- 
sus of that District. He was a Re- 
presentative in the Thirty-fourth 
Congress, and re-elected to the 
Thirty-fifth, and is a member of the 
Committee on the Militia. 

EGBERTS, JONATHAN. 

Born in 1171, and early in the 
present century was elected to both 
branches of the Legislature of 
Pennsylvania ; was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1811 to 
1814, and an advocate of the war 
of 1812. From 1814 to 1821 he 
was a Senator of the United States ; 
and in 1841 he was appointed Col- 
lector of the port of Philadelphia, 
by President Harrison. He died 
in Philadelphia, July, 1854. 

ROBERTS, ROBERT W. 

He 'was born in Delaware, and 
having settled in Mississippi, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1843 to 1847. 

ROBERTSON, GEORGE. 

Born in Mercer County,Kentucky, 
November 18, 1790, and completed 
his education in Transylvania Uni- 
versity. He studied law, and com- 
menced to practice in 1809. In 
181G he was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, and served from 



1817 to 1821. He was a member of 
the Legislature, and Speaker of the 
House four sessions, ending in 1827. 
In 1828 he was Secretary of State, 
and the same year chosen Judge of 
the Court of Appeals, and in 1829 
commissioned Chief Justice of Ken- 
tucky, which position he resigned 
in 1843, and resumed the practice 
of law in Lexington, in 1835. He 
was Profei^sor of law in Transyl- 
vania University for twenty-three 
years, and is still engaged in teach- 
ing law. He has repeatedly de- 
clined important offices, including 
missions to Colombia and Peru. 

ROBERTSON, JOHN, 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1834 to 1839. 

ROBERTSON, THOMAS B. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Louisiana, from 1812 
to 1818, having been the first mem- 
ber elected under the State Consti- 
tution. 

ROBIE, REUBEN. 

He was born in Vermont, and 
having settled in New York, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1851 to 
1853. 

ROBINS, ASHER. 

Born in Weathersfield, Connecti- 
cut, in 1757. He held many im- 
portant public positions, and was a 
leading Senator in Congress, from 



406 



Biographical Sketches. 



Rhode Island, from 1825 to 1839. 
Died at Newport, Rhode Island, 
February 25, 1845, 

ROBINSON, EDWARD. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, during the years 
1838 and 1839. 

ROBINSON, JOHN L. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Indiana, from 1847 to 1853. 

ROBINSON, JOHN M. 

He was born in 1793, and was 
one of the early settlers of Illinois ; 
and one of the Judges of the Su- 
preme Court of that State. He 
was a Senator in Congress, from 
1830 to 1842, and died at Ottawa, 
Illinois, April 26, 1843. 

ROBINSON, JONATHAN. 

He was appointed Chief Justice 
of Vermont in 1801, in the place of 
Judge Smith, who resigned, and in 
1806 was elected to succeed Mr. 
Smith as Senator in Congress, 
serving from 1807 to 1815. He 
died at Bennington, November 3, 
1819, aged sixty-four. 

ROBINSON, MOSES. 

He was Governor of Vermont, 
having succeeded Mr. Chittenden, 
in 1789. He was a member of 
the Senate of the United States 
under the Administration of Presi- 
dent Adams, from 1791 to 1796. 
He was one of the minority who 
were opposed to the ratification of 



Jay's Treaty. He died at Benning- 
ton, May 26, 1813, aged seventy- 
two. 

ROBINSON, ORVILLE. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1845. 
He also served four years in the 
Assembly of New York, from Os- 
wego County. 

ROBINSON, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, fro.m Delaware, from 1839 to 
1841, and died in Sussex County, 
of that State, October 28, 1843. 

ROBISON, DAVID F. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1855 
to 1857. 

ROCHESTER, WILLIAM B. 

He was a man of legal acquire- 
ments, much respected for his abili- 
ties, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 18 21 
to 1823. He was lost, with many 
others, off the coast of North Ca- 
rolina, by the explosion of the 
steamer Pulaski, June 15, 1838. 

ROCKHILL, WILLIAM. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
having settled in Indiana, was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1847 to 1849. 

ROCKWELL, JOHN A. 

Born in Norwich, Connecticut ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1824 ; 



Biographical Sketches. 



407 



studied law; was at one time, 
Judge of Probate, in New Lon- 
don County ; and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Connec- 
ticut, from 1844 to 1849. 

ROCKWELL, JULIUS. 

Born at Colebrook, Litchfield 
County, Connecticut, April 26, 
1805. Entered Yale College in 
1822, and graduated in 1826; stu- 
died law at the New Haven Law 
School, and was admitted to the 
bar in Litchfield County, in 1829, 
commencing to practice in 1830, at 
Pittsfield, Massachusetts. He was 
a member of the House of Repre- 
sentatives, of Massachusetts, from 
1834 to 1838, and was Speaker, 
from 1835 to 1838, and in that year 
was appointed Bank Commissioner, 
and held the office three years. He 
was a Representative in Congress, 
,^ from 18-44to 1851, and United States 
Senator for two sessions, to succeed 
Mr. Everett. In 1853 he was a 
member of the Convention to re- 
vise the Constitution of Massachu- 
setts; and in 1858 was again elected 
to the House of Representatives of 
the State. 

RODGERS, JAMES. 

He was born in South Carolina ; 
graduated at the University of that 
State in 1813; adopted the profes- 
sion of law ; and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1835 to 1837, and again from 
1839 to 1843. 



RODMAN, WILLIAM. 

Born in Bensalem, Bucks County, 
Pennsylvania, October T, 1757, his 
parents being of the Society of 
Friends. He received a liberal 
education ; served in the revolu- 
tionary war as a soldier; under the 
call from Washington, he raised 
and commanded a company, dur- 
ing the " Whisky Insurrection" in 
Western Pennsylvania ; he was, for 
many years, in the Legislature of 
his native State ; and he was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1811 
to 1813. He died at the place of 
his birth, July 27, 1824. 

RODNEY, C^SAR A. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Delaware, from 1 803 to 
1805. He was appointed Attorney- 
General of the United States, by 
President Jefferson, and in 1812 
commanded a company of volun- 
teers in defence of Baltimore. He 
was a Senator of the United States, 
from 1821 to 1823, in which year 
he was appointed United States 
Minister to Buenos Ayres. He died 
June 10, 1824. 

RODNEY, DANIEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from the State of Delaware, 
from 1822 to 1823, and a Senator 
in Congress, from 1826 to 1827. 

RODNEY, GEORGE B. 

He was born in Delaware ; gra- 
duated at Princeton College in 1820; 
and was a Representative in Con- 



408 



Biographical Sketches. 



gress, from his native State, from 
1841 to 1845. 

ROGERS, CHARLES. 

He was born in 'New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1845. . 
He also served in the Assembly 
of New York, from Washington 
County, in 1833 and 183t. 

ROGERS, EDWARD. 

He was born in Connecticut ; 
received a classical education, stu- 
died law, and settled in Madison 
County, New York. He was, for 
many years. County Judge ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1843 to 1845. 
He died in Galway, Saratoga Coun- 
ty, New York, May 23, 1857, aged 
seventy years. 

ROGERS, SION H. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1853 to 
1855. 

ROGERS, THOMAS I. 

He was born in Waterford, Ire- 
land, and came to this country when 
three years of age ; was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1818 to 1824. 

ROMAN, JAMES D. 

He was born in Maryland ; was 
educated a lawyer ; was a Presiden- 
tial Elector on two occasions ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1847 to 1849. 



He is at the present time. President 
of the Hagarstown Bank. 

ROOSEVELT, JAMES I. 

Born in the City of New York, 
December, 1796; was educated at 
Columbia College ; studied law with 
Peter Augustus Jay, and was for 
several years his partner. In 1835 
and 1840 he was a member of the 
State Legislature, and in 1842 and 
1843 was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York City.. He de- 
clined a re-election, and went abroad 
in 1843. On his return he retired 
from the practice of law to private 
life ; but was induced to accept the 
appointment of Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of the State, in 1851. 
He was also for several years in early 
life, a member of the city govern- 
ment. 

ROOT, ERASTUS. 

Born in Hebron, Connecticut, 
March 16, 1772 ; graduated at Dart- 
mouth College in 1793 ; after which 
he taught school for some time and 
then studied law and settled in Dela- 
ware County, New York, in 1796. 
He was a Representative in the As- 
sembly eleven years ; Speaker of 
the House three years; State Se- 
nator eight years, and a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1803 to 
1805, from 1809 to 1811, 1812 to 
1813, 1815 to 1817, in which year 
he was appointed Postmaster at 
Delhi, New York, and was re-elected 
to Congress, from 1831 to 1833. 
In 1822 he was chosen Lieutenant- 
Governor of the State, and he was 



Biographical Sketches. 



409 



also major-general of militia. He 
died in New York City, December 
24, 1846. His intellect and tastes 
were highly cultivated. 

ROOT, JOSEPH M. 

Born in Cayuga, New York, Oc- 
tober 7, 180T ; read law at Auburn, 
and removed to Ohio in 1829 ; was 
appointed Prosecuting Attorney in 
that State ; in 1840 chosen to the 
State Senate ; and served as a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1845 
to 1851. He was for a time Chair- 
man of the Committees on the Post- 
office and Expenditures in the Trea- 
sury Department. 

ROSE, ROBERT L. 

Born in Geneva, New York, Oc- 
tober 12, 1804; is a farmer by oc- 
cupation ; has held the office of Su- 
pervisor for the town of Allen's 
Hill, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 
1847 to 1851. 

ROSE, ROBERT S. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from the State of New York, 
from 1823 to 1827, and again from 
1829 to 1831. He died at Water- 
loo, New York, November 24, 1835, 
aged sixty-three years. 

ROSS, HENRY H. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1825 
to 1827. 

ROSS, JAMES. 

Born about the year 1761, in 
Pennsylvania. He was a Senator 



in Congress, from 1794 to 1803, and 
died at his residence near Pittsburg, 
November 27, 1847. 

ROSS, JOHN. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1809 
to 1811, and again from 1815 to 
1818. 

ROSS, THOMAS. 

He was a native of Pennsylvania ; 
graduated at Princeton College in 
1825 ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1849 to 1853. 

ROSS, THOMAS R. 
He was born in Chester County, 
Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Ohio, from 
1819 to 1825. 

ROWAN, JOHN. 
He was born in Pennsylvania, 
in 1773; emigrated to Kentucky 
when quite young ; he was a mem- 
ber of the Convention which formed 
the Constitution of 1799; he was 
Secretary of State in 1804; elected 
a member of Congress, from 1807 
to 1809 ; for many years a member 
of the General Assembly ; Judge 
of the Court of Appeals in 1819 ; 
and was a Senator in Congress, 
from 1825 to 1831. His last pub- 
lic position was that of Commis- 
sioner for carrying out a late treaty 
with Mexico. He died in Louis- 
ville, Kentucky, July 13, 1843. 

ROWE, PETER. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1853 
to 1855. 



410 



Biographical Sketches. 



ROYCE, HOMER E. 

He was born in Berkshire, Yer- 
mont, in 1819 ; received a common 
school education ; studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1842 ; 
was a member of the State Legis- 
lature in 1846 and 184t ; was Pro-- 
secuting Attorney for the State in 
1848; a State Senator in 1849, 
1850, and 1851 ; and was elected a 
Kepresentative, from New York, to 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving 
as a member of the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs. He has also been 
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress. 

RUFFIN, THOMAS. ' 

BorninEdgecomb County, North 
Carolina ; graduated at Chapel 
Hill University ; is a lawyer by pro- 
fession, and served as Circuit Attor- 
ney of the Seventh Judicial Circuit 
of the State of Missouri, from De- 
cember, 1844, to December. 1848 ; 
and was elected a Representative, 
from North Carolina, to the Thirty- 
third, Thirty-fourth, and Thirty- 
fifth Congresses, and is a member 
of the Committees on Public Lands 
and on Accounts. 

RUGGLES, BENJAMIN. 

Born in Windham County, Con- 
necticut. He obtained the means 
for receiving a classical education 
by teaching a school in winter. He 
studied law, and after his admission 
to the bar removed to Marietta, 
Ohio ; he subsequently settled at 
St. Clairsville; and in 1810 was 
elected President Judge of the 



Court of Common Pleas for the 
Third Circuit. He was elected, by 
the Legislature, a Senator of the 
United States, from Ohio, serving 
from 1815 to 1833 ; and from his 
well-known habits of industry and 
constant devotion to the interests 
of his clients, he was called " The 
Wheel-horse of the Senate." From 
his youth he was a member of the 
Masonic fraternity. He died at 
St. Clairsville, September 2, 1857, 
aged seventy-four years. 

RUGGLES, CHARLES H. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly in 1820, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1821 to 1823. 

RUGGLES, JOHN. 

He was well educated, but pos- 
sessed a taste for the mechanic arts, 
and was a Senator in Congress, from 
Maine, from 1835 to 1841, and a 
member of the Committee on Com- 
merce. He took a special interest 
in, and was the originator, when in 
Congress, of the idea of a reorgani- 
zation of the Patent-office, and the 
very first patent granted after the 
reorganization, July 28, 1836, was 
granted to him for a locomotive 
steam-engine. 

RUGGLES, NATHANIEL. 

He was a native of Massachu- 
setts ; graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity in 1781 ; was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Massachusetts, 
from 1813 to 1819, and died near 
the close of the latter year. 



Biographical Sketches. 



411 



RUMSEY, DAVID. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1847 to 1851. 

RUMSEY, EDWARD. 

He was born in Kentucky, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1837 to 1839. 

RUNK, JOHN. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1845 to 1847. 

RUSK, THOMAS J. 

He was born in South Carolina; 
studied law, and practiced with suc- 
cess in Georgia. In the early part 
of 1835 he removed to Texas, and 
was a prominent actor in all the 
important events in the history of 
the Republic and State of Texas. 
He was a member of the Conven- 
tion that declared Texas an inde- 
pendent Republic, in March, 1836; 
was the first Secretary of War; 
participated in the battle of San 
Jacinto, and took command of the 
army after General Houston was 
wounded. He continued in com- 
mand of the army until the organi- 
zation of the Constitutional Govern- 
ment, in October, 1836, when he was 
again appointed Secretary of War, 
and resigned after a few months. 
He afterwards commanded several 
expeditions against the Indians ; 
served as a member of the House of 
Representatives, and as Chief Jus- 
tice of the Supreme Court, which 



last office he resigned early in 1842. 
In 1845 he was President of the 
Convention that consummated the 
annexation of Texas to the United 
States. Upon the admission of 
Texas into the Union he was elected 
one of the Senators in the Congress 
of the United States, in which office 
he served two terms, and was 
elected for the third term. He 
was Chairman of the Committee on 
the Post-office. He took a deep 
interest in the wagon-road to the 
Pacific, and the overland mail. At 
the time of his death, which oc- 
curred in Nacogdoches, Texas, July 
29, 1856, he was President, pro 
tern., of the Senate. In a moment 
of insanity, caused by overwhelming 
grief at the death of his wife, he 
took his own life, aged fifty-four. 

RUSS, JOHN. 

He was a native of Ipswich, Mas- 
sachusetts, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Connecticut, 
from 1819 to 1823. 

RUSSELL, DAVID. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1835 
to 1841. He was also in the As- 
sembly of that State, in 1816 and 
1830, from Washington County. 

RUSSELL, JAMES M. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1842 to 
1843. 



412 



Biographical Sketches. 



RUSSELL, JEREMIAH. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1845. 

RUSSELL, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con-" 
gress, from New York, from 1805 
to 1809. 

RUSSELL, JONATHAN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress,from Massachusetts, from 1821 
to 1823. 

RUSSELL, JOSEPH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1845 
to 1841 

RUSSELL, SAMUEL. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1853 to 

1855. 

RUSSELL, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Ireland, and hav- 
ing emigrated to Ohio, was a Rep- 
resentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1821 to 1833, and again 
from 1841 to 1843. 

RUSSELL, WILLIAM F. 

Born in Saugerties, Ulster Coun- 
ty, New York ; was a merchant for 
twenty years, and a member of the 
Legislature of New York, in 1850, 
serving one term ; was elected a Re- 
presentative, from New York, in the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Indian Affairs. 



RUST, ALBERT. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
removing to Arkansas, was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1855 to 1857. 

RUTHERFORD, JOHN. 

He was a native of New York 
City ; a nephew of William Alex- 
ander, Earl of Stirling ; graduated 
at New Jersey College in 1*716 ; 
was educated a lawyer ; was one of 
the first Presidential Electors, and 
a Senator of the United States, 
from New Jersey, from 1191 to 
1198 ; and was the last survivor of 
the Senators in Congress, during 
the administration of Washington. 
He early retired from public life, 
and, being one of the largest land- 
holders in New Jersey, was actively 
engaged in agricultural and inter- 
nal improvements. He died at 
Ederston, New Jersey, February 
23, 1840, in the eightieth year of 
his age. 

RUTHERFORD, ROBERT. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 1193 to 
1191. 

RUTLEDGE, JOHN. 

He was born in Ireland; emi- 
grated in 1135 to South Carolina ; 
studied law in England, and, return- 
ing to South Carolina in 1161, took 
an active part in the revolutionary 
cause, and was a Delegate to the 
Continental Congress. In 1116 
he was appointed President of South 
Carolina, and commander-in-chief 



Biographical Sketches. 



413 



of that Colony. He was Governor 
of the State in 1119] a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1191 to 
1803 ; and, after having been Judge 
of the Court of Chancery, Chief 
Justice of South Carolina, Judge 
of the Supreme Court of the United 
States, was finally promoted to the 
position of Chief Justice, in which 
capacity he died in 1800. 

RYALL, D. B. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1839 to 1841. 

SABIN, ALOAH. 

He was born in Vermont, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1853 to 1857. 

SABINE, LORENZO. 

He was born in Lisbon, New 
Hampshire, February 28, 1803 ; was 
entirely self-educated; was bred a 
merchant; was for many years a 
bank officer, and is at the present 
time Secretary of the Boston Board 
of Trade. He was three times 
elected to the Legislature of Maine, 
from Eastport, and was at one time 
Deputy Collector of the port of 
Passamaquoddy. He has held, in 
Massachusetts, the position of Con- 
fidential Agent of the Treasury De- 
partment; and was a Representa- 
tive, from that State, to the Thirty- 
second Congress. He has devoted 
much of his time to literary pursuits, 
and is the author of "Life of Com- 
modore Preble," "The American 
Loyalists," " Report on the Ameri- 



can Fisheries," and " Notes on Duels 
and Dueling," and has been a con- 
tributor to the North American 
Revieio. The degree of A.M. was 
conferred upon him by Bowdoin 
and Harvard Colleges. 

SACKETT, AVILLIAM A. 

Born in New York, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1849 to 1853, and 
was a member of the Committee on 
Revolutionary Pensions. 

SAGE, EBENEZER. 

He graduated at Yale College in 
11*78, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 
1809 to 1815, and again from 1819 
to 1820. He died in 1834. 

SAGE, RUSSELL. 

Born in Oneida County, New 
York, August 4, 1816 ; received a 
common school education ; com- 
menced active life as clerk in a store 
at Troy, and until 1853 was wholly 
devoted to mercantile pursuits. In 
1841 he was elected an alderman in 
the City of Troy, and, by annual 
elections, served seven years in that 
capacity ; he was also Treasurer of 
Rensselaer County for seven years, 
in which office he was especially 
popular ; and he was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New York, 
from 1853 to 1851, serving on the 
Committees on Invalid Pensions 
and on Ways and Means. He was 
the first man who advocated, on the 
floor of Congress, the purchase by 
the General Government of Mount 



414 



Biographical Sketches. 



Yernon, and he was among the 
most active supporters of Mr. Banks 
for the office of Speaker of the 
House of Representatives. He is 
at the present time wholly devoted 
to his private affairs. 

SAILLY, PETER. 

He was born in Loraine, France, 
first came to the United States in 
I'ZSS, and settled in Clinton Coun- 
ty, New York. Having been well 
educated, and possessing a decided 
talent for business, he acquired con- 
siderable influence, and held several 
offices of public trust in his adopted 
State. He was a Representative 
in Congress, from New York, from 
1805 to 180t, and on his retirement 
from that position, he was appoint- 
ed, by President Jefferson, Collec- 
tor of Customs for the District of 
Champlain, holding the office until 
his death, which occurred at Platts- 
burg, in 1826. 

SALTONSTALL, LEVERETT. 

Born in Massachusetts in 1181; 
graduated at Harvard College in 
1802 ; commenced the practice of 
law in Salem in 1805, and was dis- 
tinguished as a lawyer ; he fre- 
quently served in the State Legis- 
lature, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1839 to 1843. He 
was also an active member of the 
American Academy of Arts and 
Sciences, and of the Massachusetts 
Historical Society, and the degree 
of Doctor of Laws was conferred 
upon him by Harvard College, to 
which he left a legacy, and he also 



made a bequest of valuable books 
to Phillips's Academy, at Exeter, 
where he commenced his education. 
He died at Salem, Massachusetts, 
May 8, 1845. 

SAMMONS, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1803 
to 1801, and again from 1809 to 
1813. 

SAMPLE, SAMUEL C. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Indiana, from 1843 to 1845. 

SAMPSON, ZABDIEL. - 

He was born in Plympton, Mas- 
sachusetts; graduated at Brown 
University in 1803, and adopted 
the profession of law. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
his native State, from 1811 to 1819; 
and in 1820 he was appointed Col- 
lector of Customs at Plymouth, 
where he died, while in office, July 
19, 1828. 

SAMUEL, GREEN B. 

Born in Yirginia, and was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, 
from 1839 to 1841. 

SANDFORD, JOHN. 

He was a native of New York, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1841 
to 1843, and a member of the New 
York Senate, in the extra session 
of 1851. He died in Amsterdam, 
Montgomery County, New York, 
October, 1851. 



Biographical Sketches. 



415 



SANDFORD, JONAH. 

He was a member of the New- 
York Assembly in 1827 and 1830, 
from the County of St. Lawrence, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1830 to 1831. 

SANDIDGE, JOHN M. 

Born in Franklin County, Geor- 
gia, January 7, 1817 ; is a planter 
by occupation, and served as mem- 
ber of the Legislature of Louisiana 
from 1846 to 1855. In 1852 he was 
a member of the Convention that 
framed the present Constitution of 
that State ; Speaker of the House 
in 1854 and 1855; and elected a 
Representative to the Thirty-fourth 
and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is 
Chairman of the Committee on Pri- 
vate Land Claims. 

SANFORD, JAMES T. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1823 to 
1825. 

SANFORD, NATHAN. 

He was a native of New York, 
and held successively the public po- 
sitions of Speaker of the New York 
Assembly, District Attorney of the 
United States for his State, United 
States Senator from 1815 to 1821, 
Chancellor of the State, and was 
again a Senator in Congress, from 
1825 to 1831. He died on Long 
Island, in October, 1838. 

SANFORD, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1803 to 
1807. 



SANDS, JOSHUA. 

He was a member of the New 
York Senate, from King's County, 
from 1792 to 1799, and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1803 to 
1804, and again from 1825 to 1827. 

SAPP, WILLIAM R. 

He was born in Ohio, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1853 to 1857. 

SAUNDERS, ROMULUS M. 

Born in Caswell County, North 
Carolina, March, 1791. He re- 
ceived an academical education, 
and spent two years in the uni- 
versity of that State. He studied 
law in Tennessee, and was admitted 
to practice there in 1812. He re- 
turned to North Carolina; was in 
the House of Commons from 1815 
to 1820, and for two years Speaker 
of the House. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1821 
to 1827, and from 1841 to 1845. 
In 1828 he was Attorney-General 
of the State; in 1833 was Presi- 
dent of the Board of Commission- 
ers to settle the claims of American 
citizens under the Treaty of July 4, 
1831, with France; in 1835 he was 
elected a Judge of the Supreme 
Court; in 1846 he was appointed, 
by President Polk, Minister to 
Spain, where he remained four 
years ; on his return, he was again 
elected to the Legislature of North. 
Carolina, and since then has been 
devoting much attention to the rail- 
road improvements of the State. 



416 



Biographical Sketches. 



SAVAGE, JOHN. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly in 1814 ; and from 
1815 to 1819 a Representative in 
Congress, from that State. He 
subsequently held the positions of 
District Attorney, Comptroller of 
the State, Chief Justice of the Su- 
preme Court, and Treasurer of the 
United States for New York. 

SAVAGE, JOHN H, 

He is a native of Warren Coun- 
ty, Tennessee ; during his minority 
he volunteered as a private soldier 
under General Gaines to defend the 
Texan frontier, also served during 
a campaign in Florida. He after- 
wards studied law, and commenced 
practice, in 1837, at Smithville, 
Tennessee. He was elected colonel 
of the Tennessee militia ; was elected 
by the Legislature Attorney-Ge- 
neral of the Fourth District of his 
State in 1841, and held the office 
until 184T. During that year he 
received from President Polk the 
appointment of major in the 14th 
Regiment United States Infantry, 
and joining the American army in 
Mexico, was present at the battles 
of Contreras, Cherrabusco and Mo- 
lina del Rey, and was wounded at 
Chapultepec. He was promoted- 
to the position of lieutenant-co- 
lonel, and as such, had command of 
his regiment, after the death of 
Colonel Graham, until the close of 
the war. On returning to Ten- 
nessee, he resumed the practice of 
his profession, and was first elected 
a Representative in Congress, in 



1849; he was re-elected in 1851; 
declined being a candidate in 1853 ; 
and was re-elected in 1855 and 
185T. He is a member of the 
Committee on Military Affairs. 

SAWTELLE, CULLEN. 

He was born in Maine ; gradua- 
ted at Bowdoin College in 1825 ; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1845 
to 1847, and again from 1849 to 
1851. 

SAWYER, LEMUEL. 

Was born in Camden County, 
North Carolina, in 1T7T ; educated 
at Flat Bush, New York ; studied 
law ; was in the State Legislature 
in 1801 ; and voted in the Electoral 
College for Thomas Jefferson in 
1804. He was elected a Repre- 
sentative to Congress, in 180T, serv- 
ing until 1813 ; and subsequently 
served in the same capacity, from 
1817 to 1823, and from 1825 to 
1829. About the year 1850, he re- 
moved to Washington, and held a 
clerkship in one of the Depart- 
ments. 

SAWYEE, S. T 

He was born in North Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1837 
to 1839. 

SAWYER, WILLIAM. 

Born in Ohio, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1845 to 1849. 



Biographical Sketches. 



417 



SAY, BENJAMIN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1808 
to 1809. 

SCALES, ALFRED M., Jr. 

He was born in Rockingham 
County, North Carolina, November 
26, 1827 ; was educated chiefly at 
the Chapel Hill University ; adopt- 
ed the profession of law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1851 ; was 
elected to the Legislature of North 
Carolina in 1852 and 1856 ; and in 
1851 he was elected a Representa- 
tive, from his native State, to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a mem- 
ber of the Committee on the Dis- 
trict of Columbia. 

SCAMMOX, JOHN F. 

He was born in Maine, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1845 to 1847. 

SCHENCK, ABRAHAM H. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly in 1804, 1805, and 
1806 ; and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1815 
to 1817. 

SCHENCK, FERDINAND S. 

Born in Middlesex County, New 
Jersey, February 11, 1790; he re- 
ceived a common school education ; 
and, having studied medicine, has 
been devoted to the practice ever 
since. In 1829 he was elected to 
the State Legislature, and re-elect- 
ed in 1830 and 1831, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
27 



New Jersey, from 1833 to 1837. 
He was a member, in 1844, of the 
Convention to revise the State Con- 
stitution, and was soon after elected 
a Judge of the Court of Errors, 
which position he held for eight 
years. 

SCHENCK, ROBERT C. 
Born in Franklin, Warren Coun- 
ty, Ohio, October 4, 1809; gra- 
duated with high honors at the 
Miami University in 1827, where 
he remained one or two years as a 
tutor ; he studied law and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1831, and set- 
tled in Dayton, where he has since 
resided. In 1840 he was elected 
to the Ohio Legislature ; re-elected 
in 1842 ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Ohio, from 1843 
to 1851, serving on many com- 
mittees, and during the Thirtieth 
Congress, as Chairman of the 
Committee on Roads and Canals. 
On his retirement from Congress, 
President Fillmore tendered to him 
the appointment of Minister to 
Brazil, which he accepted, and 
during his residence in South Ame- 
rica took part in negotiating a 
number of treaties. He returned 
home in 1853, since which time he 
has taken no special interest in poli- 
tics, but is extensively engaged in 
the railway business, being pre- 
sident of a company owning the 
line between Fort Wayne and the 
Mississippi River. 

SCHERMERHORN, ABRAHAM M. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 184^^ 



418 



Biographical Sketches. 



to 1853, and died in Rochester, 
New York, August 22, 1855. 

SCHLEY, WILLIAM. 

Born in Frederick City, Mary- 
land, December 15, 1^86. He 
received an academical education in 
Georgia ; studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar at Augusta, in 
1812 ; continued the practice of his 
profession until 1825, when he was 
elected a Judge of the Superior 
Court of the Middle District of 
Georgia. He was elected to the 
State Legislature in 1830, and was 
a Bepresentative in Congress, from 
1833 to 1835, and during the two 
following years was Governor of 
Georgia. He published a "Di- 
gest of the English Statutes." 
He was, when Governor, one of the 
most active supporters of the West- 
ern and Atlantic Bailroad, and at 
the time of his death was President 
of the Medical College of Georgia. 
He died at Augusta, Georgia, No- 
vember 20, 1858. 

SCHOOLCRAFT, .JOHN L. 

Born in New York, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1849 to 1853. 

SCHOONMAKER, CORNELIUS C. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1791 
to IT 93, and was for fourteen years, 
before and after the above term, a 
member of the New York Assem- 
bly, from the County of Ulster. 



SCHOONMAKER, MARIUS. 

Born in New York, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1851 to 1853. 

SCHUREMAN, JAMES. 

He was a prominent man in New 
Jersey, during the Revolution, and 
was a graduate of Queen's College. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1789 
to 1791, and from 1797 to 1799; 
a Senator in Congress, from 1799 
to 1801 ; and again a Representa- 
tive, from 1813 to 1815. He was 
also, at one time, Mayor of New 
Brunswick. 

SCHUREMAN, MARTIN G. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1805 

to 1807. 

SCHUYLER, J. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1817 
to 1819, and died in New York 
City, February 21, 1835, aged sixty- 
seven years. 

SCHUYLER, PHILIP. 

Was a native of Albany, New 
York. He was appointed major- 
general in the army of the Revolu- 
tion in 1775, and dispatched to the 
fortifications in the north of New 
York, to prepare for the invasion of 
Canada. By the loss of his health, 
the command soon devolved upon 
Montgomery. On his recovery, he 
directed the operations against 
Burgoyne, and in consequence of 



Biographical Sketches. 



419 



the evacuation of Ticonderoga, he 
unreasonably fell under some suspi- 
cion, and was superseded in com- 
mand by General Gates. He after- 
wards rendered important services, 
though not in command. He was 
a Delegate to Congress previous 
to the present Constitution, and a 
Senator of the United States, from 
1789 to 1791. He died at Albany 
in 1804, aged seventy-three. 

SCOTT, CHARLES L. 

He was born in Richmond, Yir- 
ginia, January 23, 183T ; graduated 
at William and Mary College ; 
studied law, and formed a partner- 
ship with his father in the practice 
of his profession, at Richmond. 
In 1849 he embarked, as a member 
of the Madison Mining and Trad- 
ing Company, for California. In 
1851 he abandoned the mines, and 
resumed the practice of law in 
Tuolumne County, California. He 
was elected a Representative in 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Cali- 
fornia, and is a member of the Com- 
mittees on Indian Affairs, and on 
Post-offices and Post-roads. 

SCOTT, HENRY D. 

He was born in Ohio, and having 
removed to Indiana, was elected a 
Representative to the Thirty-fourth 
Congress, from that State. 

SCOTT, JOHN. 

He was born in Queen Ann 
County, Maryland, was a Delegate 
to Congress, from the Territory of 
Missouri, from 1816 to 1821, and 



a Representative in Congress, from 
the same State, from 1821 to 1827. 

SCOTT, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Huntingdon County, 
Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1831. 

SCOTT, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1789 
to 1791, and again from 1793 to 
1795. 

SCUDDER, TREADWELL. 

He was for six years a member 
of the New York Assembly, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1817 to 1819. 

SCUDDER, ZENO. 

He filled with credit various pub- 
lic positions. He was President of 
the Massachusetts Senate, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1851 to 1854, when he was com- 
pelled, by failing health, to resign 
his seat. He was a good lawyer, 
enjoyed the confidence and respect 
of the community in which he lived, 
and died at Barnstable, Massachu- 
setts, June 26, 1857. 

SCURRY, RICHARDSON. 

Born in Tennessee, and was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, 
from Texas, from 1851 to 1853. 

SEAMAN, HENRY J. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1845 to 1847. 



420 



lOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



SEARING, JOHN A. 

Born in Queen's County, New 
York, May 14, 1814. His father 
died when he was young, and he 
was educated at the common schools 
of New York, by his grandparents. 
He was bred a farmer, held several 
public positions previously to his 
election as a member of the State 
Legislature in 1853, and was chosen 
a Representative to the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittees of Revolutionary Pensions 
and Accounts. 

SEAVER, EBENEZER. 

Born in 1163, graduated at Har- 
vard University in 1184; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Massachusetts, from 1803 to 1813. 
He died in Roxbury, Massachu- 
setts, March 1, 1844. 

SEBASTIAN, W. K. 

Born in Yernon, Tennessee, and 
educated at Columbia College, in 
that State. He settled as a lawyer 
in Arkansas, in 1835, and was soon 
after appointed Prosecuting Attor- 
ney, and held the office until 1831 ; 
he was Circuit Judge from 1840 to 
1842, and was appointed in the 
latter year Supreme Judge. He 
was a State Senator, and President 
of the body in 1846 ; and Presi- 
dential Elector in 1848. He was 
a United States Senator, from 1848 
to 1852, and re-elected for a term 
of six years ; he is Chairman of the 
Committee on Indian Affairs, and 
a member of the Committee on 
Territories. 



SEDDON, JAMES A. 

He was born in Yirginia, and 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1845 to 1841, and again from 1849 
to 1851. 



SEDGWICK, THEODORE. 

Was born at West Hartford, 
Connecticut, in May, 1146. He was 
educated at Yale College, but did 
not graduate. On leaving this in- 
stitution, he commenced the study 
of theology, but soon relinquished 
it, and studied law, and was admit- 
ted to the bar before reaching the 
age of twenty-one. He commenced 
to practice at Great Barrington, 
Massachusetts, then settled at Shef- 
field, and afterwards at Stockbridge, 
in the same county. He was a zeal- 
ous patriot in the revolutionary 
war. He was a member of the 
Provincial Congress, in 1185 and 
1186; and a Representative in 
Congress, after the adoption of the 
Constitution, from 1189 to 1196. 
He was a Senator of the United 
States, from 1196 to 1198. In 
1199 he was again a member of the 
House, and was chosen Speaker. 
From 1802 until his death, he was 
a Judge of the Supreme Court of 
Massachusetts. He died at Boston, 
January 24, 1813. He received the 
degree of LL.D. from Princeton 
and Cambridge ; as a statesman 
and jurist, he was highly valued by 
his country. His life was in an 
uncommon degree varied and ac- 
tive ; his industry was unwearied, 



Biographical Sketches. 



421 



and an ardent enthusiasm was the 
basis of his character. 

SELDEN, DUDLEY. 

Formerly a prominent member of 
the New York bar, and a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1833 to 1835. He died in 
Paris, France, November T, 1855. 

SEJIMES, BENEDICT J. 

Was born in Charles County, 
Maryland, November 1, IT 89. He 
was bred to the profession of medi- 
cine, and graduated at the Medical 
School in Baltimore, about the year 
1811. He settled in Piscataway, 
Maryland, where he acquired an ex- 
tensive practice, but subsequently 
relinquished his profession. In the 
year 1821 he was elected to the 
State Legislature ; was again elected 
in 1825, 1827, and 1828, and during 
one session was chosen Speaker of 
the House of Delegates. In 1821 
he introduced and carried through, 
a bill for removing religious tests, 
as applicable to office in Maryland. 
In 1829 he was elected to Congress, 
from the district composed of Prince 
George and Anne Arundel Counties, 
and the City of Annapolis. He 
was re-elected in 1831, but his 
health soon after failing, he found 
it necessary to retire, at a time 
when there was no opposition to 
him in his district. He again 
served in the State Legislature in 
1842 and 1843, since which time 
he has lived in retirement on his 
estate, in the County of Prince 
George. 



SEMrLE, JAMES. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Illinois, from 1843 to 1841 

SENEY, JOSHUA. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1789 to 
1792. 

SENTER, WILLIAM T. 

Born in Granger County, Ten- 
nessee, in 1802, and died there 
August 28, 1849. He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1843 to 1845. 

SERGEANT, JOHN. 

He was born in Philadelphia in 
1779; graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1795; he was for a short 
time a clerk in a store, but studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1799. His first appointment was 
that of Prosecutor for the Common- 
wealth, which he held several years. 
He was for more than half a cen- 
tury known and honored for his ex- 
traordinary ability in his profession 
of the law, for his habitual cour- 
tesy, his liberal fairness, and his in- 
tegrity. Elected to Congress, he 
served there from 1815 to 1823, 
from 1827 to 1829, and from 1837 
to 1842. He was especially famous 
for his part in the great Missouri 
Compromise of 1820. For the Pa- 
nama Congress, Mr. Sergeant was 
selected by President Adams to re- 
present the United States. The 
measures of international law wliich 
were proposed to be settled in that 
Congress were deemed so important, 



422 



Biographical Sketches. 



that Mr. Clay, the Secretary of 
State, had filled eighty pages of in- 
structions to Mr. Sergeant on the 
subject. In 1832 Mr. Sergeant 
was the Whig candidate for Vice- 
President, being upon the same 
ticket with Henry Clay. Forty-. 
nine electoral votes were cast for 
these candidates. At the outset of 
Harrison's administration, Mr. Ser- 
geant was tendered the mission to 
England, which he declined. In 
the cause of charity he was never 
appealed to in vain ; and for many 
years before his death, took an active 
interest in all the public affairs of 
his native city. He died in Phila- 
delphia, November 23, 1852. 

SETTLE, THOMAS. 

He was born in Rockingham 
County, North Carolina. He was 
a Representative in the State Le- 
gislature of that State in 1815, 
and in 1826, 182t, and 1823, at 
which last session he was Speaker 
of the House of Commons. He 
was a Representative in Congress 
from 1811 to 1821. In 1832 he 
was chosen Judge of the Superior 
Court of Law and Equity, and held 
the office for twenty years, when he 
resigned. He was highly esteemed 
far his many virtues. He died in 
Rockingham County, August 5, 
185t, aged sixty-five. 

SEVERANCE, LUTHER. 

He was the founder and editor of 
the Kenneheck Journal, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Maine, from 1843 to 184t. He 



was frequently a member of the 
Maine Legislature, and, by Presi- 
dent Taylor, was appointed Com- 
missioner to the Sandwich Islands. 
He died of a cancer, January 25, 
1855, at Augusta, Maine. 

SEVIER, AMBROSE H. 

Born in Tennessee, in 1802. He 
had few early advantages of educa- 
tion, but he relied on his own ener- 
gies, and removed to the Territory 
of Arkansas, where, before the age 
of twenty-one, he was admitted to 
the bar as an attorney. He was 
first elected Clerk of the Legisla- 
ture, and so soon as he was eligible, 
was elected a member of that body, 
first in 1823, and again in 1825. 
Erom 182T to 1836 he was a Dele- 
gate to Congress, from Arkansas, 
and when the Territory became a 
State, in 1836, he was elected a 
Senator in Congress. He was 
Chairman, for many years, of the 
Committee on Indian Affairs, and 
afterwards of the Committee on 
Foreign Relations. He resigned 
his seat in the Senate in 1848, to 
accept the appointment, from Presi- 
dent Polk, of a special mission to 
Mexico, to negotiate a peace. He 
possessed the unbounded confidence 
of his constituents and party. He 
died at Little Rock, December 21, 
1848. 

SEVIER, JOHN. 

A native of Tennessee ; was an 
officer in the revolutionary war, 
and distinguished himself iu the bat- 
tle at King's Mountain, in 1180. 
For his services, on that occasion, 



Biographical Sketches. 



423 



the Legislature of North Carolina, 
in 1813, voted him a sword. He 
commanded the farces which defeat- 
ed the Creek and Cherokee Indians, 
ia 1189. He was afterwards a 
general in the Provisional army, and 
in 1793 Governor of Tennessee ; he 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1811 to 1815, and was then 
appointed one of the Commissioners 
to ascertain the boundary line, and 
died while engaged in that service, 
at Fort Decatur, in October, 1815. 

SEV/ALL, SAMUEL. 

Born in Boston, December 11, 
1T57. He 'graduated at Harvard 
College in 1776; was a lawyer by 
profession, and settled at Marble- 
head ; in 1796 was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, serving till 
1800, and was distinguished in that 
body by his knowledge of commer- 
cial law. In 1800 he was placed 
upon the bench of the Supreme 
Court of Massachusetts, and in 1813 
was appointed Chief Justice. He 
died at Wiscasset, June 8, 1814, 
when the gentlemen of the bar 
erected a monument to his memory. 

SEWARD, WILLIAM H. 

Born in Florida, Orange County, 
New York, in 1801. He graduated 
at Union College in 1820 ; was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1822, and en- 
tered upon the practice of his pro- 
fession at Auburn, in his native 
State, the following year. In 1830 
he was elected to the New York 
Senate for four years. In 1834 he 
was nominated by the Whig party 



their candidate for Governor of the 
State, but failed of an election. In 

1838, however, on a second nomina- 
tion for the same office, he was 
elected, and entered upon the dis- 
charge of his duties in January, 

1839. During the four years that 
he held that office, he upheld the 
system of internal improvements, 
and devoted himself to reforming 
and improving the system of public 
education. His plan for taking the 
management of the public schools 
in New York out of the hands of 
the Public School Society, and sub- 
jecting them to the control of the 
State, caused considerable feeling on 
the subject at the time, and gave rise 
to an animated contest between the 
Protestants, who maintained the ex- 
isting system, and the Roman Catho- 
lics, who fiivored the change. On the 
expiration of his second term of office, 
Mr. Seward declined to be a candi- 
date for re-election, and resumed the 
practice of his profession at Auburn, 
in 1843. He had an extensive prac- 
tice, chiefly in the Federal courts. 
In March, 1849, he was chosen 
United States Senator for six years, 
and took his seat at the extra ses- 
sion called to consider the nomina- 
tions of President Taylor. He was 
re-elected in 1855, and still holds 
the position. 

SEYBERT, ADAM. 

He was a citizen of Philadelphia, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1809 to 
1815, and again from 1817 to 1819. 
He died at Paris, May 2, 1825, be- 



424 



Biographical Sketches. 



queathing $1000 for educating the 
deaf and dumb, and $500 to the Or- 
phan Asylum m Philadelphia. He 
was a man of science, and was par- 
ticularly skillful as a chemist and 
mineralogist. He published Statis- 
tical Annals of the United States, 
from 1789 to 1818. 

SEYMOUR, DAVID L. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly in 1836, from Rens- 
selaer County, and a Representative 
in Congress, from 1843 to 1845. 

SEYMOUR, DAVID L. 

Born in Connecticut, and was a 
Representative of that State, in 
Congress, from 1851 to 1853. 

SEYMOUR, HORATIO. 

Born in Litchfield, Connecticut, 
May 31, 1*718; graduated at Yale 
College in 1197; studied law at the 
Litchfield school, and settled in Mid- 
dlebury, Vermont. He was a Judge 
of Probate, member of the Council, 
and a Senator in Congress, from 
1821 to 1833. He died at Middle- 
bury, November 21, 1857. 

SEYMOUR, ORIGEN S. 

He was born in Litchfield, Con- 
necticut, in 1804; was bred a law- 
yer; has been in the State Legisla- 
ture, and served as Speaker in 1850; 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Connecticut, from 1851 
to 1855. 

SEYMOUR, THOMAS H. 
He was born in Hartford, Con- 
necticut, in 1808; was educated at 



the Middletown Military Academy; 
studied law and practiced the pro- 
fession ; was a Judge of Probate ; 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Connecticut, from 1843 to 1845; in 
1846 went to Mexico as a major of 
the New England Regiment,and -.vas 
with General Scott at the City of 
Mexico ; he was elected to the State 
Senate in 1850, and re-elected three 
times ; and was appointed, by Pre- 
sident Pierce, Minister to Russia, 
which position he continues to oc- 
cupy. 

SEl^MOUR, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Connecticut, 
served as a member of the New 
York Assembly, in 1832 and 1834, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1835 to 1837. 

SHADWICK, WILLIAM. 

He was a member of Congress, 
from North Carolina, during the 
years 1796 and 1797. 

SHANNON, THOMAS. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1826 to 

1827. 

SHANNON, WILSON. 

He was born in Belmont County, 
Ohio, February 24, 1802 ; educated 
at Athens College, in Ohio, and 
Transylvania University, in Ken- 
tucky; adopted the profession of 
law, and in 1835 was Prosecuting 
Attorney for the State of Ohio ; 
was elected Governor of Ohio in 
1837, and again in 1842; by Presi- 
dent Tyler, was appointed Minister 



Biographical Sketches. 



425 



to Mexico ; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Ohio, from 
1853 to 1855. In 1855 he was ap- 
pointed, by President Pierce, Go- 
vernor of the Tei'ritory of Kansas. 

SITARPE, PETER. 

He was a member of the Assem- 
bly of New York, from 1814 to 
1820, officiating a number of ses- 
sions as Speaker ; he was also a 
member of the State Constitutional 
Convention of 1821 ; a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1823 to 1825; 
and a member of the Tariff Con- 
vention held in 1827. 

SIIARPE, SOLOMON P. 

He was born in Virginia, but re- 
moved to Kentucky, when a child ; 
he received a limited education, but 
studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar when nineteen years of age, 
and was successful ; he served a 
number of years in the State Legis- 
lature ; was Attorney-General of the 
State; and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1813 to 
1817. He fell by the hand of an 
assassin, while a member of the Le- 
gislature, in November, 1835, aged 
thirty-five years ; and a legislative 
reward of $3000, for the arrest of 
the murderer, was offered, but in 
vain. 

SHAW, AARON. 

Born in Orange County, New 
York, in 1811 ; a lawyer by profes- 
sion ; was States Attorney for eight 
years, in the Fourth Judicial Cir- 



cuit of Illinois, and was a member of 
the State House of Representatives, 
in 1849-50. He was elected a Re- 
presentative to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, from Illinois, serving as a 
member of the Committee on the 
Militia. 

SHAW, HENRY. 

He was born in Windham Coun- 
ty, Vermont ; studied law with 
Judge Foot, in Albany, New York, 
and settled to practice in Lanesbo- 
rough, Berkshire County, Massa- 
chusetts, at the age of twenty-two ; 
he was nominated for Congress be- 
fore he was eligible, and was subse- 
quently elected, in 1816, to the Six- 
teenth Congress, and voted for the 
Missouri Compromise, which pre- 
vented his re-election. He was an 
intimate friend of Henry Clay, and 
was a personal friend and acquaint- 
ance of ten of the Presidents of the 
United States. He was a member 
of the Massachusetts Legislature 
for eighteen years, also a member of 
the Governor's Council, and was the 
pioneer in the manufacturing pros- 
perity of Western Massachusetts. 
In 1848 he removed to New York, 
and resided at Fort Washington, on 
the Hudson ; was a member of the 
Board of Education in New York . 
City, and two years in the Common 
Council, and in 1853 was a member 
of the Assembly. He removed to 
Newburg in 1854, where he re- 
sided until within a few months of 
his death, which occurred at Peeks- 
kill, October 17, 1857, aged sixty- 
nine years. 



426 



Biographical Sketches. 



SHAW, HENRY M. 

He was born at l^ewport, Uhode 
Island, November 20, 1819 ; studied 
medicine, and graduated at the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania ; removed 
to North Carolina, and was a State 
Senator in 1852, and a Representa-. 
tive, from that State, in the Thirty- 
third and Thirty-fifth Congresses, 
and is a member of the Committees 
on Manufactures and Revolutionary 
Pensions. 

SHAW, SAMUEL. 

He was born in Dighton, Massa- 
chusetts, in December, 1*768, and 
removed to Putney, Yermont, at 
the age of ten years; he received 
a limited education ; commenced 
the study of medicine at the age of 
seventeen, and in two years entered 
upon the practice of his profession 
at Castleton, Vermont, and became 
eminent as a surgeon. He entered 
early into politics, and was one of 
the victims of the Sedition Law ; for 
his denunciation of the administra- 
tion of John Adams, he was impri- 
soned, and liberated by the people 
without the forms of law; and in 
1*799 was returned as a member of 
the Scate Legislature. He was for 
_ some time a member of the State 
Council, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Vermont, from 
1808 to 1813. He was a personal 
friend of Jefferson and Madison, and 
gave his earnest support to the 
measures for the prosecution of the 
war. On his retirement from Con- 
gress, he was appointed surgeon in 
the army, and removed to the City 



of New York ; he was subsequently 
stationed at Greenbush, St. Louis, 
and at Norfolk, and held this office 
until 1816. As an instance of his 
physical endurance, it may be men- 
tioned that he, on one occasion, rode 
on horseback from St. Louis, Mis- 
souri, to Albany, New York, in 
twenty-nine consecutive da3'-s. He 
died at Clarendon, Vermont, Octo- 
ber 22, 1827. 

SHAW, TRISTAM. 

Born in New Hampshire in 1*78*7 ; 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1839 to 1843 ; 
and died at Exeter, New Hamp- 
shire, March 14, 1843. 

SHEFFER, DANIEL. 

He was boi'n in Pennsylvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1837 to 1839. 

SHEFFEY, DANIEL. 

He was born at Frederick, Ma- 
ryland, in 1770 ; had a limited 
education, was bred to the 
trade of a shoemaker, and settled 
in Augusta, Virginia ; he after- 
wards studied law, engaged in a 
lucrative practice ; and frequently 
represented his county in the House 
of Delegates. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1809 to 1817, and took 
a high rank. His speech in favor 
of the renewal of the first Bank of 
the United States was a masterly 
production. He was opposed to 
the war of 1812. He died at his 
home, December 3, 1830. 



Biographical Sketches. 



427 



SHErARD, CIIAllLES B. 

Born in Newbern, North Caro- 
lina, December 5, 1801 ; graduated 
at Chapel Hill, in 1827 ; was 
elected to Congress, in 1837, where 
he continued to serve until 1841 ; 
and died in October, 1843. 

SHEPARD, WILLIAM B. 

Born in Newbern, North Caro- 
lina, in 1799 ; educated at Chapel 
Hill ; studied law, and became 
eminent in his profession ; was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1827 to 1837, when he declined a 
re-election ; in 1838 he was elected 
to the State Senate, and served five 
terms. He died at Elizabeth City, 
June 20, 1852. 

SHEPHERD, WILLIAM. 

Born in Massachusetts, Decem- 
ber 1, 1737 ; he served six years as 
a captain in the revolutionary 
army, and distinguislied himself at 
William Henry and Crown Point ; 
in 1783 he was chosen a brigadier- 
general, having fought in twenty- 
two battles ; he was subsequently 
a major-general of militia ; and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1797 to 1803. Died at Westfield, 
Massachusetts, November 11, 1817. 

SHEPLEY, ETHER. 

A Senator in Congress, from 
Maine, from 1833 to 1836. He 
was born in Groton, Massachusetts, 
November 2, 1789 ; graduated at 
Dartmouth College in 1811 ; stu- 
died law and commenced the prac- 
tice in Saco, but subsequently 



settled in Portland ; he was in 
the Massachusetts Logislature in 
1819; a member of the Convention 
that formed the first Constitution of 
Maine, in 1820 ; he was for tliirteen 
years Attorney of the United 
States for Maine ; after leaving the 
Senate of the United States, he 
was chosen a Justice of the Su- 
preme Court of Maine, and subse- 
quently Chief Justice of the same, 
which latter position he held until 
1855. While on the bench he fur- 
nished the materials for twenty-six 
volumes of Reports, and as sole 
Commissioner, was appointed to re- 
vise the statutes of Maine. He is 
Trustee of Bowdoin College, from 
which institution he received the 
degree of LL.D. 

SHEPLOR, MATTHIAS. 

Born in Pennsylvania ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1837 to 1839. 

SHEPPERD, AUGUSTIS H. 

He was born in Surry County, 
North Carolina ; educated a law- 
yer ; served in the House of Com- 
mons, from 1822 to 1826 ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1829 to 1839, again from 1841 to 
1843, and again from 1847 to 1851. 

SHERBURNE, J. S. 

He was born in New Hampshire ; 
graduated at Dartmouth College la 
1776; attended the law school at 
Harvard ; was a Judge of the Su- 
perior Court of New Hampshire ; 
and was a Representative in Con- 



428 



Biographical SKETcnES. 



gress, from New Hampshire, from 
lt93 to 11^1. He died in 1830, 
aged seventy-three years. 

SHEREDINE, UPTON. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1*791 to. 
1^92. 

SHERMAN, JOHN. 

Born in Lancaster, Ohio, May 
10, 1823 ; is a lawyer by profes- 
sion ; and was elected a Represen- 
tative to the Thirty-fourth and 
Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is a 
member of the Committee on Naval 
Affairs. 

SHERMAN, J. W. 

He was born in New York ; and 
elected a Representative, from that 
State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
and is a member of the Committee 
on Unfinished Business. 

SHERMAN, ROGER. 

Born at Newton, Massachusetts, 
April 19, 1121. He had no advan- 
tages for education, yet he was 
eager in the pursuit of knowledge, 
and while apprenticed to a shoe- 
maker, he often had a book open 
before him while at his work. In 
1143 he removed to New Milford, 
Connecticut, carrying his tools upon 
his back. He afterwards studied 
law, and settled at New Haven, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1154. 
He was a Judge of the County 
and Superior Courts ; and a mem- 
ber of the first Congress, in 1114, 
and continued a member for many 
years. He signed the Declaration 



of Independence in 1 1 1 6. After the 
adoption of the Constitution of the 
United States, in regard to which 
he took a prominent part, he was 
elected a Representative to Con- 
gress ; and chosen a Senator in 
1191, continuing in that station till 
his death, July 23, 1193. He was 
a profound and sagacious states- 
man, an able and upright judge, and 
an exemplary Christian. He was 
made Master of Arts by Yale 
College, and was for many years 
Treasurer of that institution. 

SHERRILL, ELIAKIM. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1849, 
and was a member of the Commit- 
tee on Manufactures. 

SHERWOOD, SAMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1818 
to 1815. 

SHERWOOD, SAMUEL B. 

He was born in Connecticut ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1186 ; 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1811 to 1819, 
and died in 1833. 

SHIELDS, BENJAMIN G. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Alabama, from 1841 to 
1843. 

SHIELDS, EBENEZER J. 

Born in Georgia, and was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1835 to 1839. 



Biographical Sketches. 



429 



SHIELDS, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1829 to 
1831. 

SHIELDS, .JAMES. 

Was born in County TjTone, 
Ireland, in 1810, and emigrated to 
America about 1826. He pursued 
his mathematical and classical stu- 
dies until the year 1832, when he 
went to Illinois, and commenced the 
practice of the law at Kaskaskia. 
In 1836 he was elected a member 
of the Illinois legislature, and Au- 
ditor of the State in 1839. In 
1843 he was appointed Judge of 
the Supreme Court; and in 1845 
Commissioner of the General Land- 
office. At the commencement of 
the Mexican war, he was appointed, 
by President Polk, a brigadier-ge- 
neral in the United States army, 
and, for his distinguished services 
during the course of the war, was 
promoted to the rank of brevet ma- 
jor-general. In 1848 he was ap- 
pointed Governor of Oregon Terri- 
tory, which he resigned. In 1849 
he was elected to a seat in the Uni- 
ted States Senate, for the term of 
six years, from the State of Illinois. 
He subsequently took up his resi- 
dence in the Territory of Minne- 
sota, and in 1851 was elected to re- 
present the same in the Senate of 
the United States, when she became 
a State, in which position he con- 
tinues. 

SHINN, WILLIAM N. 
He was born in New Jersey, and 



was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 1837. 

SHIPPERD, ZEBULON R. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1813 
to 1815. 

SHORTER, ELI S. 

Born in Monticello, Georgia, 
March 15, 1823 ; graduated at Yale 
College in 1843 ; is a lawyer by 
profession, but engaged in the plant- 
ing business. He was elected a 
Representative, from Alabama, to 
the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth 
Congresses, and is a member of the 
Committee on Indian Affairs. 

SHOWERS, JACOB. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1853 to 
1855. 

SIBLEY, HENRY H. 

He was born in February, 1811, 
in Detroit, Michigan ; spent much 
of his early life on the Northwestern 
frontiers ; was for many years an 
Indian trader in the employ of 
the American Fur Company, at 
Mackinaw and Fort Snelling ; was 
a Delegate to Congress, from 
Minnesota Territory, from 1849 to 
1853; and, having witnessed the 
progress of Minnesota from a wil- 
derness to an organized State, he 
was elected, in 1857, its first Gov- 
ernor, which office he still occupies. 

SIBLEY, JONAS. 

He was a member of Congress, 
from Worcester County, Massachu- 



430 



Biographical Sketches. 



setts, from 1823 to 1825, and died 
at Satton, in that State, February 
10, 1834, aged seventy-two years. 

SIBLEY, MARK H. 

Born in Great Barrington, Mas- 
sachusetts, in 1*796, and removed to. 
Canandaigua, New York, in 1814. 
He studied law, and was distin- 
guished as an advocate. He was a 
member of the New York Assem- 
bly in 1834 and 1835 ; a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1837 to 
1839 ; subsequently a State Sena- 
tor ; and in 1846 a county judge. 
He died in Canandaigua, New 
York, September 8, 1852. 

SIBLEY, SOLOMON. 

He was born in Sutton, Massachu- 
setts, October 7, 1769. He studied 
law, and removed to Ohio in 1795, 
establishing himself first at Mari- 
etta and then at Cincinnati, in the 
practice of his ]3rofession. He re- 
moved to Detroit in 1797, and in 
1799 was elected to the first Terri- 
torial Legislature of the North- 
western Territory. He was a De- 
legate to Congress, from the Terri- 
tory of Michigan, from 1820 to 
1823; in 1824 he was appointed 
Judge of the Supreme Court, and 
held the office until 1836, when he 
resigned in consequence of increas- 
ing deafness. He died at Detroit, 
April 4, 1846. He was universally 
respected for his talents and mani- 
fold virtues. 

SICKLES, DANIEL E. 

He was born in New York, and 
was bred a lawyer ; for a short time. 



when Mr. Buchanan was the Ame- 
rican Minister in England, he was the 
Secretary of that Legation ; and was 
elected a Representative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
and is a member of the Committee 
on Foreign Affairs. In 1847 he 
was a member of the Assembly of 
New York, and in 1856-57 was a 
member of the State Senate. He 
has been re-elected to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress. 

SICKLES, NICHOLAS. 

He was born in Kinderhook, 
New York, was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1835 to 1837, 
and died at Kingston, New York, 
May 13, 1845. 

SILL, THOMAS H. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Erie County, Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1829 to 1831. 

SILSBEE, NATHANIEL. 
Born in Essex County, Massa- 
chusetts, in 1773, and died at Sa- 
lem, Massachusetts, July 1, 1850. 
He was a distinguished and success- 
ful merchant, and frequently elected 
to the State Legislature, and was 
for three years President of the 
State Senate ; he served as a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1816 
to 1820 ; and was a Senator of the 
United States, from 1826 to 1835. 
He was the firm supporter of the 
Administration of J. Q. Adams, 
and when his term expired, Mr. 
Silsbee offered to vacate his seat in 
the Senate, in his favor, but the 
ex-President declined the proposal. 



Biographical Sketches. 



431 



SILVESTER, PETER. 

He was born in "New York, was 
a member of the Albany Committee 
of Safety in 1774, and of the New 
York Provincial Congress ; was a 
Judge of the Common Pleas in 
178fi, and elected a member of the 
first Congress under the Federal 
Constitution. He was subsequent- 
ly a State Senator, and died at 
Kinderhook, January 30, 1845. 

SILVESTER, PETER H. 

He was born at Kinderhook, 
Columbia County, New York, Feb- 
ruary 17, 1807 ; graduated at 
Union College in 1827 ; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1830; and he was a Representative 
in Congress, from New York, from 
1847 to 1851. 

SIMMONS, GEORGE A. 

He was born in New York ; 
graduated at Dartmouth College in 
1816; served a number of years in 
the Assembly of that State; and 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress to the Thirty-third and 
Thirty-fourth Congresses, from that 
State. In 1852 he received from 
his Alma Mater the degree of 
LL. D., and died in 1857, aged sixty- 
six years. 

SIMMONS, .JAMES F. 

Born in Little Compton, Rhode 
Island, September 10, 1795. His 
employments were farming and 
manufacturing ; he was a member 
of the General Assembly, from 
1828 to 1841 ; elected to the Uni- 



ted States Senate in 1841, for six 
years, from March 4, 1847 ; and 
again chosen for another terra, be- 
ginning March 4, 1857; and is a 
member of the Committees on 
Claims, and on Patents and the 
Patent-office. 

SIMONS, SAMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Connecticut, from 1843 
to 1845, and died in Bridgeport, 
Connecticut, January 13, 1847, 
aged fifty-five years. 

SOIONTON, WILLIAM. 

He was a member of Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1839 to 
1843, and died at South Hanover, 
Pennsylvania, May 18, 184G. 

SIMPKINS, ELDRED. 

He was born in Edgefield Coun- 
ty, South Carolina, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 
South Carolina, from 1818 to 1821. 

SIMPSON, RICHARD F. 

He was born in South Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1843 to 1847. He 
graduated at the University of 
South Carolina in 1816; adopted 
the profession of law; and before 
entering Congress had been a mem- 
ber of the Senate of his native 
State. 

SIMS, ALEXANDER D. 

He was born in Brunswick Coun- 
ty, Yirginia, June 12, 1803, and 
died at Kingstree, South Carolina, 



432 



Biographical Sketches. 



November 16, 1848., He went 
through a course of studies at 
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and 
finished his education at Union Col- 
lege, New York. He read and 
practiced law in Virginia, and re- 
moving to South Carolina, taught 
an academy at Darlington Court 
House. In 1829 he commenced 
the practice of law in South Ca- 
rolina, and became a prominent 
member of the bar in that State. 
He had a taste for politics, and 
during the Nullification times was 
active and decided ; and he was a 
member of Congress, from 1845 to 
1849. 

SIMS, LEONARD H. 

Born in North Carolina, and was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Missouri, from 1845 to 
1841 

SINGLETON, 0. R. 

Born in Jessamine County, Ken- 
tucky ; graduated at St. Joseph 
College, Bardstown, Kentucky, and 
adopted the law as a profession ; 
he was two years in the Lower 
House of the Mississippi Legisla- 
ture ; six years in the State Senate ; 
a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; and 
was elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-third Congress, and re-elect- 
ed to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
from the same State, and is a mem- 
ber of the Joint Committee on 
Printing. 

SINGLETON, THOMAS D. 

He was elected to Congress, from 
South Carolina, in 1833, and while 



on his way to Washington to take 
his seat, he died at Raleigh, North 
Carolina. 

SINNICKSON, THOMAS. 

Born in Salem, New Jersey, De- 
cember 13, 1786; received a com- 
mon school education ; commenced 
active life as a merchant ; was a 
Judge of the Court of Common 
Pleas for twenty years; a member 
of the New Jersey Legislature ; 
Judge of the Court of Errors and 
Appeals ; and a Representative in 
Congress, during the years 1828 
and 1829. 

SINNICKSON, THOMAS. 

Born in Salem County, New Jer- 
sey, received a classical education, 
and was bred a merchant. He served 
in the revolutionary war at the bat- 
tles of Trenton and Princeton, in 
the capacity of captain ; was for 
many years, a member of the Coun- 
cil and Assembly of New Jersey, 
and the Presiding Judge of the 
Court of Common Pleas ; he was 
a correspondent of the Committee 
of Safety, during the Revolution, 
and a Representative in the first 
Congress, after the adoption of the 
Constitution, from 1189 to 1791, 
and again from 1797 to 1799. 

SITGREAVES, SAMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1795 
to 1798; and was then appointed, 
by President Adams, Commissioner 
to treat with Great Britain. 



Biographical Sketches. 



433 



SKELTON, CHARLES. 

Born in Pennsylvania, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
'New Jersey, from 1851 to 1855. 

SKINNER, RICHARD. 

He was born at Litchfield, Con- 
necticut, May 30, 1788, and re- 
ceived his education at the cele- 
brated law school of his native 
town ; he was admitted to the bar 
in 1800, and removed to Manches- 
ter, Vermont. In 1801 he was 
appointed States Attorney for Ben- 
nington County, and in 1809 Judge 
of Probate ; and was elected a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1813 to 1815; Judge of the Su- 
preme Court in 1816; and Chief 
Justice in 1817. In 1818 he was 
elected to the lower branch of the 
Legislature, and was Speaker. He 
was Governor in 1820, 1821, and 
1822 ; was re-appointed Chief Jus- 
tice in 1824, and resigned in 1829. 
He died at Manchester, May 23, 
1833, much respected for his pub- 
lic services and private worth. He 
was President of the Northeastern 
Branch of the American Education 
Society ; was a member of the 
Board of Trustees of Middlebury 
College, from which institution he 
received the degree of LL.D. He 
was also interested in various local 
benevolent associations. 

SKINNER, THOMSON J., Jr. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1796 to 1799, and again from 1803 
to 1805; in 1804 he was appoint- 

28 



ed, by President Jefferson, Com- 
missioner of Loans. 

SLADE, CHARLES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Illinois, from 1833 to 
1834, and died on his return from 
Washington, in Knox County, In- 
diana, after an illness of only twenty- 
four hours. 

SLADE, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Vermont ; gra- 
duated at Middlebury College ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from his native State, from 1831 to 
1843 ; and Governor of Vermont, 
from 1844 to 1846. 

SLAYMAKER, AMOS. 

He was a Representative in 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1814 to 1815. 

SLIDELL, .JOHN. 

Born in New York about the 
year 1793, and on reaching the age 
of manhood removed to New Or- 
leans, where he established himself 
as a lawyer, and practiced his 
profession with success. He was 
appointed, by President Jackson, 
United States District Attorney ; 
was frequently elected to the 
Legislature of Louisiana; was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1843 to 1845; while in Congress 
he was appointed, by President 
Polk, Minister to Mexico ; and in 
1853 was elected to the United 
States Senate for the unexpired 
term of Senator Soule, and was re- 



434 



Biographical Sketches. 



elected for six years, and was Chair- 
man of the Committee on the Con- 
dition of the Banks, and is a member 
of the Committees on Naval Af- 
fairs and Foreign Relations. 

SLINGERLAND, JOHN I. 

He was born in Albany County, 
New York, March 1, 1804; re- 
ceived a good common school edu- 
cation; and, as a business, has 
devoted nearly his whole life to 
agricultural pursuits. He was a 
member of the New York Legisla- 
ture in 1843, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1847 to 1849. 

SLOAN, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1803 
to 1809. 

SLOANE, JOHN. 

Born in York, Pennsylvania, but 
removed to Ohio, while yet a Ter- 
ritory. He was elected a member 
of the General Assembly in 1804, 
and in 1805 and 1806 was Speaker. 
He was Receiver of Public Moneys 
at Canton, from 1808 to 1816, and 
afterwards at Wooster, until 1819, 
when he was elected to Congress as 
a Representative, continuing a mem- 
ber until 1829. He was also Clerk 
of the Common Pleas for seven 
years. Secretary of State for three 
years, and Treasurer of the United 
States under President Fillmore. 
He was a colonel of militia during 
the war of 1812, and died in Woos- 
ter, May 15, 1856, aged seventy- 
seven years. 



SLOCUM, JESSE. 

Was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from North Carolina, from 
181T to 1821, and died in Wash- 
ington before the expiration of his 
term. 

SMAET, EPHRAIM K. 

Born at Prospect, Maine, (now 
Searsport,) in 1813. He was thrown 
upon his own resources to obtain 
means for his education, which he 
received at the Maine Wesleyan Se- 
minary. After the study of law 
for three years, he was admitted to 
the bar in Camden. He was ap- 
pointed Postmaster in 1838, and in 
1841 was elected State Senator. 
In 1842 he was aid to the Governor, 
with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, 
and was re-elected to the Senate 
the same year. In 1843 he went 
to Missouri, and practiced law, as 
an attorney and counselor and so- 
licitor in chancery ; but returned to 
Camden, and was again Postmaster 
in 1845. He was a Representative 
from Maine, in Congress, from 1841 
to 1849, and from 1851 to 1853. 
From 1853 to 1858 he was Collec- 
tor at Belfast. In 1854 he estab- 
lished iheMaineFree Press, and was 
its editor three years; and in 1858 
returned to the practice of law in 
Camden, and in September of that 
year was again elected to the Le- 
gislature. 

SMELT, DENNIS. 

He was a Representative in Co,n- 
gress, from Georgia, from 1806 to 
1811. 



Biographical Sketches. 



435 



SMILIE, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1193 
to 1195, and again from 1199 to 
1813. 

SMITH, ALBERT. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1839 to 
1841, and was a member of the 
Committee on Public Expenditures. 

SMITH, ALBERT. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a member of the New York 
Assembly, from Genesee County, 
in 1842, and a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1843 to 1841. 

SMITH, ARTHUR. 

Born in the County of Isle of 
Wight, Virginia, November 15, 
1185; was educated at the College 
of William and Mary ; served with 
credit at the head of a militia force 
at Norfolk, in 1812 ; was a member 
of the Privy Council of Virginia, 
and subsequently a member of the 
State Legislature ; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1821 
to 1825. He was a lawyer by pro- 
fession, but never practiced. He 
died in Virginia, March 30, 1853. 

SMITH, BALLARD. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1815 to 
1821. 



SMITH, BERNARD. 

He was born in Morristown, New 
Jersey, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from his native State, 
from 1819 to 1821, when he was 
appointed, by President Monroe, / 
Register of the Land-office in Ar- 
kansas. 

SMITH, CALEB B. 

He was born in Boston, Massachu- 
setts, April 16, 1808; emigrated with 
his parents to Ohio in 1814; and 
was educated at the Cincinnati 
College and Miami University; 
adopted the profession of law, and 
settled in Indiana; in 1832 he esta- 
blished and edited a Whig journal 
called the Indiana Sentinel; in 
1833 he was elected a member of 
the Legislature ; re-elected in 1834, 
1835, and 1836, during the latter 
year officiating as Speaker ; in 
1841 and 1848 he was a member of 
the Board of Fund Commissioners; 
and he was a Representative in 
Congress, from Indiana, from 1843 
to 1849. He was also a Presiden- 
tial Elector in 1840 and 1856; 
and after leaving Congress, in 1849, 
he was appointed, by President 
Taylor, one of the members of the 
Board for investigating the claims 
of American citizens against Mex- 
ico. He is at the present time 
practicing his profession in Cincin- ' 
nati, Ohio. 

SMITH, DANIEL. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Tennessee, during the years 



436 



Biographical Sketches. 



IT 9 8 and IT 99, and again from 
1805 to 1809. He died in July, 
1818. 

SMITH, F. 0. I. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1833 to 
1839. 

SMITH, GEORGE. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1809 
to 1813. 

SMITH, GERRITT. 

Born in New York, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

SMITH, ISAAC. 

He was a graduate of Princeton 
College in 1T55, and a tutor in 
that institution ; a Representative 
in Congress, from New Jersey, from 
1T95 to 1T9T; was appointed, by 
President Washington, in the latter 
year, a Commissioner to treat with 
the Seneca Indians ; and was a 
Judge of the Superior Court of 
New Jersey. He died in 180T. 

SMITH, ISAAC. 

He was a native of Pennsylvania, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1813 to 1815. 

SMITH, ISRAEL. 

Born in ^Connecticut, April 4, 
1T59. He graduated at Yale Col- 
lege in IT 81, studied law, and set- 



tled at Rupert, Vermont. He sub- 
sequently settled at Rutland, and 
was sent to the State Legislature 
from that town. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1T91 to 
1T9T, again in 1800, and a Senator 
in Congress during the years 1801 
and 1802. He was also appointed 
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 
in 1T9T, and was Governor of Ver- 
mont in 180T. He died December 
2, 1810. 

SMITH, JAMES S. 

He was born in Orange County, 
North Carolina, and was educated 
for the medical profession ; served 
in the Legislature of North Caro- 
lina in 1821 ; and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 181T to 1821. 

SMITH, JEDEDIAH K. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
180T to 1809. 

SMITH, JEREMIAH. 

Born in Peterborough, New 
Hampshire, and graduated at Rut- 
ger's College, New Jersey, in IT 80, 
and also received, from Harvard 
College, the degree of Doctor of 
Laws. He was a Representative in 
Congress, from New Hampshire, in 
1T91, and continued there till 1T9T, 
being one of the last survivors of 
the distinguished men who partici- 
pated with Washington in the ad- 
ministration of the government. 



Biographical Sketches. 



:6i 



He was appointed, by John Adams, 
in 1801, a Judge of the United 
States Circuit Court, but did not 
serve, as the office was soon after- 
wards abolished by Congress. He 
was chosen Governor of New Hamp- 
shire in 1809, and was for several 
years Chief Justice of the Superior 
Court of the State. His extraordi- 
nary mental endowments not only re- 
mained unimpaired, but even shone 
forth brightest when he was near 
the close of his long life. Few per- 
sons have been more widely known 
as statesmen and jurists, or have 
left behind them a more enduring 
reputation. His acquaintance with 
books was extensive, and his lite- 
rary taste remarkably correct and 
pure. He was highly esteemed, 
not only as a lawyer and judge, but 
for his eminent social qualifications, 
and for all the attributes of a great 
and good man He was a patron 
and friend of Daniel Webster, and 
died at Dover, New Hampshire, 
September 21, 1843. 

SMITH, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1799 
to 1804 ; from 1804 to 1813 he was 
a Senator in Congress; and was 
appointed, in the latter year, by 
President Madison, United States 
Marshal for New York. He died 
in 1816. 

SMITH, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 1801 to 
1815. 



SMITH, JOHN. 

He was born in 1135, was a 
Senator in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1803 to 1808, and died in 
July, 1816. 

SMITH, JOHN. 

He was born at Barre, Massa- 
chusetts, in August, 1789 ; received 
a limited education, and removed in 
early life to St. Albans, Yermont, 
where he was admitted to practice 
as a lawyer in 1810. He repre- 
sented St. Albans in the Legisla- 
ture for nine successive years, and 
was elected States Attorney of 
Franklin County in 1826, and 
served six years. In 1831, 1832, 
and 1833, he was Speaker in the 
General Assembly. He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Yer- 
mont, from 1839 to 1841, after 
which he resumed the practice of 
his profession. In 1846 he became 
enlisted in important railroad pro- 
jects, and was so engaged at the 
time of his sudden death, which 
occurred at St. Albans, November 
20, 1858. He received the degree 
of A.M. from Middlebury Col- 
lege and the University of Yer- 
mont. 

SMITH, JOHN B. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Louisiana, from 1853 to 
1855. 

SMITH, JOHN COTTON. 

He was born in Sharon, Connec- 
ticut, February 12, 1765, and gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1783. 



438 



Biographical Sketches. 



He studied law, and was admitted 
to practice, in Litchfield County, in 
1786. He was a member of tlie 
General Assembly in 1793, and 
from 1796 to 1800 was a member 
of the Lower House, and in 1799 
was elected Speaker. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Connecticut, from 1800 to 1806, 
and was again a member of the Le- 
gislature until 1809, when he was 
chosen a member of the Council. 
He also held the several offices of 
Governor of Connecticut, from 1812 
to 1817, Lieutenant-Governor, and 
Judge of the Superior Court. He 
received the degree of LL.D. from 
Yale College ; was a member of 
the Northern Society of Antiqua- 
ries in Copenhagen ; also of the 
Connecticut Historical Society, and 
of various religious associations. 
He died at Sharon, Connecticut, 
November 7, 1845, and had devoted 
the latter years of his life to agri- 
cultural and literary pursuits. 

SMITH, JOHN SPEED. 

He was repeatedly a member of 
the Kentucky Legislature, and from 
1821 to 1823, a Representative in 
Congress. He died in Madison 
County, Kentucky, June 6, 1854. 

SMITH, JOHN T. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1843 to 1845, and was a member of 
the Committee on Expenditures in 
the State Department. 



SMITH, JOSIAH. 

He was born in Massachusetts ; 
graduated at Harvard University in 
1774; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1801 to 1802, and died in 1828. 

SMITH, NATHAN. 

He was born at Roxbury, Con- 
necticut, in 1770; received his pro- 
fessional education at the Law 
School in Litchfield ; was a mem- 
ber of the Convention that formed 
the State Constitution ; for many 
years States Attorney for the Coun- 
ty of New Haven ; frequently in 
the State Legislature, and for seve- 
ral years United States Attorney 
for the District of Connecticut. He 
represented his native State in the 
Senate of the United States, from 
1833 to 1835. He was long known 
as an eminent lawyer, respected for 
his integrity and ability. He died 
at Washington, District of Colum- 
bia, December 6, 1836. 

SMITH, NATHANIEL. 

He was born in Woodbury, Con- 
necticut, January 6, 1762. His 
education was limited, but he ob- 
tained distinction by the energy of 
his talents. He studied law, and 
settled to practice in his native 
town, in 1789. He was for many 
years a member of the State Legis- 
lature, having served in both Houses. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1795 
to 1799. In 1806 he was elected 
Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
State, and held the office until 1819. 



BioaRAPHicAL Sketches. 



439 



He died March 9, 1822 ; his legal 
knowledge was extensive, and h§ 
was greatly esteemed for his integ- 
rity and piety. 

SMITH, OLIVER H. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Indiana, from 183T to 1843, 
and a Representative from 1827 to 
1829. He is the author of a work 
giving his " Recollections of Con- 
gressional Life." 

SMITH, PERRY. 

Born in Washington, Connecti- 
cut; attended the Litchfield Law 
School, and settled in New Milford 
in 1807. He was a State Repre- 
sentative for four years, Judge of 
Probate for two years, and a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from 1837 to 1843. 
He died in New Milford in 1852. 

SMITH, ROBERT. 

Born in Peterborough, New 
Hampshire, June 12, 1802, and re- 
ceived a limited education. He 
was a farmer by occupation until 
he attained his twentieth year, but 
subsequently engaged in manufac- 
turing and merchandising. Re- 
moving to Illinois in 1832, he served 
in the Illinois Legislature from 
1836 to 1840 ; was Enrolling and 
Engrossing Clerk of the House of 
Representatives of Illinois, from 
1840 to 1843, and was then elected 
to Congress, and served till March 
4, 1849, and was re-elected to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, being Chair- 
man of the Committee on Mileage. 
Of late years he has taken an active 



part in organizing the railroads in 
his adopted State. 

SMITH, SAMUEL. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
July 27, 1752. He was a distin- 
guished merchant of Baltimore, and 
contributed largely to the advance- 
ment of that city, of which he was 
once mayor. He rose from the rank 
of captain to that of brigadier-gene- 
ral in the revolutionary war. In 
1776 he was a member of the Con- 
vention for framing the Constitution 
of Maryland ; and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1793 to 1803, and again from 
1816 to 1822; and a Senator in 
Congress from 1803 to 1815, and 
again from 183^ to mi^. He died 3 "^ ~ ^2 
suddenly, at Baltimore, April 25, 
1839. 

SMITH, SAMUEL. 

Born in 1767, in Peterborough, 
New Hampshire ; held many public 
positions ; was for many years a 
manufacturer of paper ; and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1813 to 1815. He died 
in 1842. 

SMITH, SAMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1805 
to 1809. 

SMITH, SAMUEL A. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, and 
was a Rspresentative in Congress, 
from Bucks County, Pennsylvania, 
from 1829 to 1833, serving, during 



440 



BioaRAPHicAL Sketches. 



his second term, on the Committee 
on Agriculture. 

SMITH, SAMUEL A. 

He was born in Monroe County, 
Tennessee, June 26, 1822. He 
lost his father when quite young, 
and with limited opportunities for 
attending school, spent the most of 
his time on a farm, until he became 
of age. At that time he began to 
attend school in earnest, and at 
the end of three months became a 
teacher, and for two years alter- 
nately attended and taught school 
in his native county. He also 
taught school, for awhile, during 
ten months that he studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1845. 
During that year he was elected 
Attorney-General for the Third Ju- 
dicial District of Tennessee, which 
office he held until 1848. He was 
a delegate to the National Conven- 
tion of that year held at Baltimore, 
and was soon afterwards elected a 
Presidential Elector, and was again 
chosen an Elector in 1852. In 
1850 he took a deep interest in the 
affairs of the East Tennessee and 
Georgia Railroad, and he was elect- 
ed a Representative, from Tennes- 
see, to the Thirty-third Congress, 
and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth 
and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is 
Chairman of the Joint Committee 
on Printing. 

SMITH, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815 
to 1817. 



SMITH, THOMAS. 

Born in Pennsylvania, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Indiana, from 1839 to 1841, and 
again from 1843 to 1841. 

SMITH, TRUMAN. 

He was born in Roxbury, Litch- 
field County, Connecticut, Novem- 
ber 2Y, 1191 ; graduated at Yale 
College in 1815 ; he studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 
1818 ; he was elected to the State 
Legislature in 1831, and re-elected 
in 1832 and 1834 ; in 1839 he was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, and re-elected in 1841, 1845, 
and 184Y ; in 1849 he took his seat 
in the United States Senate, for a 
full term of six years, resigning in 
1854. Of late years he has been 
engaged in the practice of his pro- 
fession in New York City. 

SMITH, WILLIAM. 

He was a Delegate to the Conti- 
nental Congress, from Maryland, 
from IITT to HIS, and a Repre- 
sentative under the Constitution, 
from 1189 to 1791, when he was 
appointed, by President Washing- 
ton, Auditor of the Treasury. 

SMITH, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1189 to 1191, and resigned on being 
appointed United States Minister 
to Portugal, by President John 
Adams. 



Biographical Sketches. 



441 



SMITH, "WILLIAM. 

He was bora in 1*765, and was a 
native of South Carolina. He was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from the Charleston District, 
South Carolina, from HOUo 1^99. 
He was a Senator of the United 
States, from 1816 to 1823, and 
again from 1826 to 1831. He was 
a distinguished supporter of the 
doctrine of State rights. He spent 
the later years of his life in Ala- 
bama, and died at Huntsville, in 
July, 1840. 

SMITH, WILLIAM. 

Born in King George County, 
Tir^inia, September 6, 1797. After 
prosecuting his studies at Plain- 
field Academy, in Connecticut, and 
at private schools in Virginia, he 
studied law, and commenced the 
practice in 1818. Soon after he 
was the means of establishing a line 
of post-coaches through Yirgina, 
the Carolinas, and Georgia, by 
which he made a fortune ; and in 
1836 he was elected to the State 
Legislature ; and re-elected in 1840. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, during the term of 1842 and 
1843; in 1845 he was elected Go- 
vernor of Virginia for three years ; 
and in 1853 was re-elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, in which 
position he has continued to the 
present time. He was Chariman of 
the Committee on the Laws of 
Public Printing, and is a member of 
the Committee on Territories. 



SMITH, WILLIAM R. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Alabama, his native 
State, from 1851 to 1855, where 
he acquired reputation by making a 
demonstration against Kossuth. He 
has chiefly devoted himself to litera- 
ture and law, and has had a seat on 
the bench of Alabama. 

SMITH, WILLIAM S. 

He was for three years a member 
of the New York Assembly, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1813 to 1816. 

SMYTH, ALEXANDER. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1817 to 
1825, and again from 1827 to 1830. 

SMYTHE, GEORGE W. 

Born in North Carolina, and was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Texas, from 1853 to 
1855. 

SNEED, WILLIAM H. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1855 to 1857. 

SNODGRASS, JOHN FRYALL. 

Born in Berkeley County, Virgi- 
nia, March 2, 1804 ; was a lawyer 
by profession, and practiced in 
Parkersburg, Virginia. He was a 
member of the Virginia Constitu- 
tional Convention assembled at 
Richmond, in 1850; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1853 



442 



Biographical Sketches. 



until his death, which occurred while 
trying a case in court, in Parkers- 
burg, June 5, 1854. 

SNYDER, ADAM W. 

Born in 1801; frequently served 
in the State Legislature of Illinois, . 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 183T to 
1839. He was a candidate for Gro- 
vernor of the State at the time of 
his death, which occurred at Belle- 
ville, Illinois, May 14, 1842. 

SNYDER, JOHN. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, and 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1841 to 1843, and was a member of 
the Committee on the Militia. 

SOLLERS, AUGUSTUS R. 

Born in Maryland, and was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, 
from his native State, from 1841 to 
1843, and again from 1853 to 1855. 

SOULE, NATHAN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1831 
to 1833. He was also a member of 
the State Assembly, from Ononda- 
ga, in 1837. 

SOULE, PIERRE. 

Born at Castillon, in the Pyre- 
nees, during the First Consulate of 
Napoleon. He was destined for 
the church, and in 1816 was sent to 
the Jesuits' College at Toulouse. 
He was afterwards sent to complete 
his studies at Bordeaux. At the age 



of fifteen he took part in a conspi- 
racy against the Bourbons, and the 
plot having been discovered, he was 
obliged to take refuge in a little vil- 
lage of Navarre, where he remained 
for more than a year, following the 
occupation of a shepherd. He was 
permitted to return to Bordeaux; 
but he longed for a more exciting 
scene of action, and accordingly re- 
paired to Paris. Here, in conjunc- 
tion with Barthelemy and Mery, he 
established a paper advocating li- 
beral republican sentiments. This 
soon brought him under the eye of 
the authorities, and he was put upon 
his trial. His advocate appealed to 
the clemency of the court in behalf 
of the prisoner on the score of his 
youth. This line of defence did not 
suit the prisoner, who rose from his 
seat and addressed the court, deny- 
ing the criminality of his opinions, 
and conduct. His eloquence did not 
save him from St. Pelagic, whence 
he succeeded in making his escape 
to England. • Disappointed in his 
expectations of obtaining a situation 
in Chile, which had been promised 
him, and finding himself alone in a 
strange country, wholly ignorant of 
the language, he returned to France. 
At Havre he met a friend, a captain 
in the French navy, who advised 
him to seek an asylum in the United 
States, and offered him a passage in 
his ship as far as St. Domingo. He 
accepted the proposition, and ar- 
rived at Port-au-Priuce, in Septem- 
ber, 1825. From this place he took 
passage to Baltimore, and finally 
removed to New Orleans, in the fall 



Biographical Sketches. 



443 



of 1825. Having determined to 
malie the law his profession, he first 
applied himself assiduously to the 
study of English, and passed his ex- 
amination for the bar in that lan- 
guage, and was admitted. In 1841 
he was elected a Senator in Con- 
gress, from Louisiana, to fill a va- 
cancy, and was re-elected, in 1849, 
for the term of six years. In 1853 
he was appointed, by President 
Pierce, Minister to Spain. 



SOUTHGATE, AVILLIAM W. 

Born in Kentucky, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1837 to 1839. 



SOUTHARD, HENRY. 

Born on Long Island, October, 
1*749. When he was eight years of 
age his father removed to Basking- 
ridge, in the Colony of New Jersey. 
He received but an ordinary educa- 
tion, and, as a day-laborer, earned 
the money to buy a farm. He took 
an active part in the revolutionary 
war, and after the adoption of the 
Constitution, served nine years in 
the State Legislature, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1801 to 1811, and from 1815 to 
1821. A short time before retiring 
from Congress, he met his son in 
joini committee, and they voted to- 
gether on the Missouri Compromise. 
He died June 2, 1842. He was a 
man of superior talents and remark- 
able memory. 



SOUTflARD, ISAAC. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1831 
to 1833. 

SOUTHARD, SAMUEL L. 

Was the son of Henry Southard ; 
born in Baskingridge, New Jersey, 
June 9, 1781. He graduated at 
Princeton in 1804, and soon after- 
wards removed to Virginia, where he 
was admitted to the bar. In 1 8 1 1 he 
returned to his native State, and 
rose to a high position as a lawyer. 
He was, for several years. Deputy 
Attorney, and in 1814 was admitted 
as counselor-at-law, and appointed 
Law Reporter, by the Legislature. 
In 1815 he was elected to the Le- 
gislature, and, in a week after tak- 
ing his seat, was placed on the 
bench of the Supreme Court of 
New Jersey. In 1820 was a Pre- 
sidential Elector. In 1821 he was 
elected a Senator in Congress, re- 
mained there until 1823, when he 
was appointed, by President Mon- 
roe, Secretary of the Navy ; he was 
also Acting Secretary of the Trea- 
sury, and for a short period, Act- 
ing Secretary of War. In 1822 
he was elected a Trustee of Nassau 
Hall, and also of the Theological 
Seminary of Princeton. In 1830 
he was elected Attorney-General of 
the State ; and in 1832, was Gover- 
nor of the State. In 1833 he was 
re-elected to the United States Se- 
nate, and served until 1842, and on 
the death of President Harrison, he 
became the President of the Senate. 



444 



Biographical Sketches. 



He is remembered in ISTew Jersey, 
as tlie "favorite son" of that State. 
He died at Fredericksburg, Yirgi- 
nia, June 26, 1842. 

SPALDING, THOMAS. 
He was a Representative in Con-, 
gress, from Georgia, from 1805 to 
1806. 

SPAIGHT, RICHARD D. 

He commenced his academic stu- 
dies in Ireland, and finished his 
education at the University of Glas- 
gow. He joined the American army 
in lYTS, as aid-de-camp to General 
Caswell, and was at the battle of 
Camden in 1780. In 1781 he 
entered the House of Commons 
of North Carolina; from 1182 to 
1'I84, was a member of the Con- 
tinental Congress, and also dur- 
ing the years 1185 and 1186 ; and 
he was one of the delegates to form 
the Constitution of the United 
States, to which his name is ap- 
pended. In 1192, he was again 
elected to the local Legislature, and 
was the same year elected Gover- 
nor of ISTorth Carolina. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1198 to 1801, after which he was 
elected to the State Senate. On 
Sunday, September 5, 1802, he 
fought a duel with the Honorable 
John Stanley, was wounded in the 
side, and died in about twenty 
hours. 

SPAIGHT, RICHARD D. 

He was the son of the above, and 
born in K'ewbern, North Carolina, 
in 1196. He graduated at the Uni- 



versity of that State, in 1815 ; stu- 
died law ; served four years in the 
State Legislature ; was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1823 to 
1825 ; he subsequently served ten 
years in the State Senate, and was 
Governor of North Carolina, in 

1835 and 1836. After retiring 
from that office, he declined all 
public positions, and devoted him- 
self to agricultural pursuits. He 
died in 1850. 

SPANGLER, DAVID. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1833 to 
1831, and in 1844 was nominated 
by the Whig party. Governor of 
the State, but declined the nomi- 
nation. He died in Coshocton, 
Ohio, October 18, 1856. 

SPANGLER, JACOB. 

Born in 1168, was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1816 to 1818, and sub- 
sequently Surveyor-General of the 
State. Died at York, Pennsylvania, 
June 11, 1843. 

SPAULDING, ELBRIDGE G. 

He was born at Summer Hill, 
Cayuga County, New York, Feb- 
ruary 24, 1809; was educated at 
Auburn Academy ; taught school, 
studied law, and was admitted to 
practice in Genesee County. -In 
1834 he removed to Buffalo, and in 

1836 was attorney of the Supreine 
Court of New York, and also soli- 
citor in chancery, and in 1839, was 
counselor of the same. In 1836, 



Biographical Sketches. 



445 



he was appointed city clerk of 
Buffalo ; in 1841 he was alderman, 
and in 1841 was elected mayor. In 
1848 he was a member of the As- 
sembly of the State, and from 1849 
to 1851 he was a Representative 
in Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee of Foreign Relations. In 
1853 he was elected Treasurer of 
the State of New York, and was a 
member of the Canal Board for 
two years ; and is now President of 
the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank 
of Genesee, at Buffalo. 

SPEED, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 181 1 to 
1819. 

SPEIGHT, JESSE. 

Born in Greene County, North 
Carolina, September 22, 1Y95. 
His education was limited, but his 
natural abilities were of a high 
order. In 1822 he was a member 
of the House of Commons ; in 
1823 of the Senate, where he con- 
tinued until 1827, officiating several 
years as Speaker ; and he was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from North 
Carolina, from 1829 to 1837. He 
declined a re-election; removing to 
Mississippi, was elected to the Legis- 
lature there and made Speaker ; and 
from 1845 to 1847, was a Senator in 
Congress, from his adopted State. 
He died at Columbus, Mississippi, 
May 5, 1847. 

SPENCE, JOHN S. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Maryland, from 1837 to 1841, 



and a Representative, from 1823 to 
1825, and again from 1831 to 1833. 

SPENCE, THO^IAS A. 
He graduated at Yale College in 
1829 ; and was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1843 to 1845. 

SPENCER, AMBROSE. 
Born in Salisbury, Connecticut, 
December 13, 17G5; in 1799 en- 
tered Yale College, and remained 
three years, but graduated at Har- 
vard University in 1783 ; studied 
law, and settled at Hudson, New 
York. He was a member of the 
Assembly in 1793; from 1795 to 
1798, State Senator; in 1796 As- 
sistant Attorney-General of the 
Counties of Columbia, and Rensse- 
laer, and a member of the Council 
of Appointment ; in 1802 was At- 
torney-General for the State ; in 
1804 was chosen Judge, and in 1810 
Chief Justice of the Supreme 
Court of the State. In 1823 he 
retired from the bench, and was 
engaged at the bar ; and was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1829 to 
1831. He was also mayor of Al- 
bany one term. He retired to the 
village of Lyons, in 1839, and en- 
gaged in agricultural pursuits, and 
in 1844 was President of the Na- 
tional Whig Convention, at Balti- 
more. He died at Lyons, March 
13, 1848. 

SPENCER, ELI.JAH. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly in 1819; and a 



546 



Biographical Sketches. 



Representative iu Congress, from 
that State, from 1821 to 1823. 

SPENCER, J. B. 

He served as a captain in tlie 
war of 1812, and vras in several en- 
gagements ; he was in the Legisla- 
ture of New York, in 1831 and 
1832 ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
183Y to 1839. He subsequently 
held the various positions of Elec- 
tor, Magistrate, County Judge, 
Collector, and Indian Agent. He 
died at Fort Covington, Kentucky, 
in March, 1848. 

SPENCER, JOHN C. 

He was born in Hudson, New 
York, January 8, 1*783. He en- 
tered Williams College, but soon 
went to Union College, where he 
graduatedin 1806. President Nott 
was then at the head of the Col- 
lege, and one of the last profes- 
sional acts of Mr. Spencer was to 
defend in Court the President's Ad- 
ministration for many years of the 
affairs of the College. Mr. Spen- 
cer was admitted to the bar in 1809, 
and opened an office in Canandai- 
gua. He lived in Canadaigua until 
1845, when he removed to Albany, 
where he resided until his death. 
He was private secretary to Gover- 
nor Daniel D. Tompkins, and at the 
age of nineteen, became connected 
with public affairs, and from that 
time until his last illness, no promi- 
nent public event occurred in which 
he did not take an interest. In 
1811 he was made Master in 



Chancery; in 1813 he was Brigade 
Judge-Advocate, in active service 
on the frontier ; in 1814 he was ap- 
pointed Postmaster of Canandai- 
gua; in 1815 was Assistant Attor- 
ney-General for the western part of 
the State ; and in 1816 was elected 
to Congress, where he remained 
two years. While there he was one 
of the Committee who examined 
into the affairs of the United States 
Bank, and their report was drawn 
by his hand. In 1820 he was first 
elected to the Assembly, and was 
chosen Speaker, The next year he 
was returned, but was in the mino- 
rity. In 1824 he was elected to the 
State Senate, and served four years. 
He joined the Anti-Masonic party 
and was appointed, by Governor 
Yan Buren, Special Attorney- Gene- 
ral, under the law passed for that 
purpose, to prosecute those con- 
nected with the alleged abduction 
of Morgan. In 1832 he was again 
elected to the Assembly. In 1839 
he was appointed Secretary of 
State and Superintendent of Com- 
mon Schools, and did much to re- 
duce them to a system. He served 
for two years. He was appointed 
Regent of the University in 1840. 
In October, 1841, he was made 
Secretary of War, by President 
Tyler, and in March, 1843, was 
transferred to the Treasury Depart- 
ment, but resigned in 1844, from 
his opposition to the annexation 
of Texas. Mr. Spencer was a suc- 
cessful lawyer, but he achieved his 
highest fame from his connection 
with the revision of the statutes of 



Biographical Sketches. 



447 



New York. ISTot content with 
merely preparing the statutes, he 
followed them up with a series of 
essays explaining their purposes. 
So great confidence was placed in 
him by the people, that he was se- 
lected to revise the whole body of 
the law of the State ; but his ad- 
vancing age compelled him to de- 
cline the task. He was industrious, 
and a man of intellect and intense 
energy. He died at Albany, May 
18, 1855. 

SPENCER, RICHARD. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1829 to 
1831.' 

SPINNER, FRANCIS E. 

Born in the town of German 
Flats, Herkimer County, New 
York, (where the village of Mo- 
hawk now stands,) January 21, 
1802 ; and received most of his 
instruction from his father, who was 
a highly educated German clergy- 
man. For twenty years he was the 
executive officer of the Mohawk 
Yalley Bank ; he held all the com- 
missions, from the Governors of 
New York, from a lieutenant to a 
major-general of the State Artil- 
lery ; was County Sheriff, and Com- 
missioner for building the State 
Lunatic Asylum. From 1845 to 
1849 he was Auditor in the Naval 
Office at New York ; and in 1854 
was elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-fourth Congress, and was 
re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, serving 
as a member of the Committee on 



Accounts. He has been re-elected 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress. 

SPRAGUE, PELEG. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1191 to 1799, and is supposed to 
have been the father of the Repre- 
sentative from Maine of the same 
name. 

SPRAGUE, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Cranston, Rhode 
Island, in 1800. When quite young 
he was elected to the General As- 
sembly, and in 1832 was chosen 
Speaker of the House. In 1835 he 
was chosen Representative to Con- 
gress, and declined a re-election. 
He was Governor of Rhode Island, 
in 1838 and 1839, and in 1842 was 
elected to the United States Senate. 
He was a member of the Assembly 
of his State at the time of his 
death, which occurred in Provi- 
dence, October 19, 1851. 

SPRAGUE, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Rhode Island, 
and removing to Michigan, was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1849 to 1851. 

SPRIGG, JAMES C. 

Born in Maryland, and was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Kentucky, from 1841 to 1843. 

SPRIGG, MICHAEL G. 

He was frequently a member 
of the Maryland Legislature, at 
one time President of the Chesa- 



448 



BioaRAPHicAL Sketches. 



peake and Ohio Canal, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 182T 
to 1831. He died at Cumberland, 
Maryland, in December, 1845. 

SPRIG a, RICHARD. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1796 to 
1799, and from 1801 to 1802. 

SPRIGG, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1793 to 
1796. 

SPRUANCE, PRESLEY. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Delaware, from 1847 to 
1853. 

STALLWORTH, .JAMES A. 

Born in Conecuh County, Ala- 
bama, April 7, 1822. He received 
an academic education; studied 
law ; served in the Legislature dur- 
ing the years 1845-6, and 1847-8; 
was twice elected Solicitor for his 
District ; and was elected a Repre- 
sentative to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Commerce. 

STANBERRY, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1827 to 
1833. ^ 

STANDIFER, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1823 
to 1825, and again from 1829 to 
1837. He died near Kingston, 
Tennessee, August 24, 1836. 



STANFORD, RICHARD. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from North Carolina, from 
1797 to 1816. 

STANLEY, EDWARD. 

Born in North Carolina, and 
served three years in the House of 
Commons, most of the time as 
Speaker ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1837 to 184.3, 
and again from 1847 to 1853. He 
subsequently left his native State, 
and emigrated to California. 

STANLEY, .JOHN. 
He was born in North Caro- 
lina; was a distinguished member 
of the Legislature of North Caro- 
lina, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1801 to 
1803, and again from 1809 to 1811. 
He was an able and eloquent deba- 
ter, greatly respected for his talents 
and private character. "While de- 
livering a speech in the Legislature, 
in 1826, he was arrested by an at- 
tack of hemiplegia, from the effects 
of which he suffered until his death, 
August 3, 1834, at Newbern, North 
Carolina. 

STANTON, BENJAMIN. 

Born at Mount Pleasant, Jeffer- 
son County, Ohio, June 4, 1809. 
He lived on a farm until the age of 
seventeen, and then worked at the 
trade of a tailor until he was twenty- 
one. He studied law, and settled 
in Bellefontaine, Ohio, in April, 
1834, where he practiced his pro- 
fession. He was elected to the 
State Senate in 1841, resigned in 



Biographical Sketches. 



449 



1842, but was re-elected the same 
year. In 1850 he was a delegate 
to the Ohio Constitutional Conven- 
tion, and in October of that year was 
elected to the House of Representa- 
tives of the Thirty-second Congress. 
He was re-elected to the Thirty- 
fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses ; 
and is one of the Regents of the 
Smithsonian Institution, and a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Military 
Affairs. He has also been re-elect- 
ed to the Thirty-sixth Congress. 

STANTON, FREDERICK P. 

Born in the District of Columbia, 
and was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from Tennessee, from 1 845 
to 1847, and again from 184t to 
1855. 

STANTON, JOSEPH. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Rhode Island, from 1790 to 
1793, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1801 to 1807. 

STANTON, RICHARD H. 

Born in the District of Columbia, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1849 to 
1855. 

STARKWEATHER, DAVID A. 

Born in Connecticut, and was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1839 to 
1841, and again from 1845 to 1847. 

STARKWEATHER, GEORGE A, 

Born in Connecticut, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
29 



New York, from 1847 to 1849, and 
was a member of the Committee ou 
Accounts. 

STEARNS, ASAHEL. 

He was born at Lunenburg, Mas- 
sachusetts, in 1774; graduated at 
Cambridge University in 1797 ; was 
educated as a lawyer ; practiced 
with reputation many years at 
Chelmsford ; was several years 
County Attorney for Middlesex 
County ; was a Representative in 
Congress, from Massachusetts, 
from 1815 to 1817 ; was appointed 
Professor of Law at Cambridge in 
1817, and continued in the office 
till 1829, when he resigned. In 
1824 he published a volume on Real 
Actions — a learned work. He was 
afterwards appointed one of the 
Commissioners for revising the sta- 
tutes of the Commonwealth. After 
this work was completed, his health 
declined, and he continued very 
feeble till his decease. He died at 
Cambridge, Massachusetts, Febru- 
ary 5, 1839. 

STEDMAN, WILLIAM. 

He graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity in 1784 ; was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Massachu- 
setts, from 1803 to 1810 ; and died 
in 1831. 

STEELE, .JOHN. 

A Representative in Congress, 
from North Carolina, from 1790 to 
1793. He was born in Salisbury, 
November 1, 1764, and died Au- 
gust 14,1815. He was brought up 



450 



Biographical Sketches. 



a merchant, but turned his attention 
to agricultural pursuits. He served 
a number of years in the State Le- 
gislature, part of the time as Speak- 
er ; was a member of the State Con- 
vention to consider the Constitution 
of the United States ; he was, in 
1806, Commissioner to adjust the 
boundaries between the States of 
North and South Carolina; was a 
general of the militia ; and held the 
office of First Comptroller of the 
Treasury, under Presidents Wash- 
ington and Adams. On August 14, 
1815, he was again elected to the 
Legislature, but on that day he 
died. 

STEELE, JOHN N. 

Born in Maryland, and elected a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1835 to 1SS1. 

STEENROD, LEWIS. 

Born in Virginia, and elected a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1839 to 1845. 

STEPHENS, ALEXANDER H. 

Born in Taliaferro County, Geor- 
gia, February 11, 1812. He was 
left an orphan at the age of four- 
teen, when kind friends, unsolicited, 
furnished him with the means to ob- 
tain an education, all of which he 
subsequently returned with interest. 
He prepared himself for college in 
nine months, and graduated at 
Franklin College in 1832. He 
studied law, and was admitted to 
practice in 1834. After paying 
his debts, his first earnings were de- 



voted to redeeming from the hands 
of strangers, the home of his child- 
hood, which had been sold after his 
father's death, and upon which he 
still resides. In 1836 he was elect- 
ed to the Lower House of the State 
Legislature, where he served five 
years, devoting himself especially to 
the internal interest of his native 
State. In 1839 he was chosen a 
delegate to the Commercial Con- 
vention at Charleston, where he is 
said to have made a deep impression 
by his peculiar eloquence. In 1842 
he was elected to the Senate of his 
State ; and in 1843 he was elected a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Georgia, to which position he has 
been regularly re-elected to the pre- 
sent time. He has served on many 
committees, delivered many speech- 
es ; and it was while he officiated as 
Chairman of the Committee on 
Territories, that the Territory of 
Minnesota was admitted into the , 
Union. He is still Chairman of the 
Committee on Territories. 

STEPHENS, PHILANDER. 

Was a member of the House of 
Representatives in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1833. 
He died at Springfield, Pennsylva- 
nia, July 8, 1842, aged fifty- four 
years. 

STEPHENSON, BENJAMIN. 

He was a Delegate in Congress, 
from Illinois Territory, from 1815 
to 1816, when he was appointed 
Receiver of Public Moneys in Ed- 
wardsville, Illinois. 



Biographical Sketches. 



451 



STEPHENSON, JAMES. 

He was born in Gettysburg, Penn- 
sylvania, March 20, 1164, and hav- 
ing removed to Yirginia at an early 
day, commanded a company in the 
campaign of General St. Clair ; was 
present at the quelling of the Whis- 
ky Insurrection in Pennsylvania, 
and was promoted to the oiEce of 
brigade-inspector; he served for 
many years as a Delegate to the 
Virginia Assembly; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Yir- 
ginia, from 1803 to 1805, from 1809 
to 1811, and again from 1822 to 
1825. He died in August, 1833. 

STEPHENSON, JAMES S. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1825 
to 1829 ; and died at Pittsburg, 
October 1*7, 1831. 

STERIG, JOHN B. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Montgomery County, Penn- 
sylvania, from 182Y to 1831, and a 
member, in 1829, of the Committee 
on Private Land Claims. 

STERLING, ANSEL. 

He was a native of Connecticut, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1821 to 1825. 

STERLING, MICAH. 

Born at Lyme, Connecticut, in 
1781, and graduated at Yale Col- 
lege in 1804. He removed to the 
State of New York, and was for 
some years a member of the Legis- 



lature ; and a Representative in 
Congress, from 1821 to 1823. He 
died at Watertown, New York, 
April 10, 1844. 

STERRETT, SAMUEL. 

He was a member of the House 
of Representatives of the United 
States, from Maryland, from 1791 
to 1193; and died at Baltimore, 
July 12, 1833, aged seventy-seven 
years. 

STETSON, CHARLES. 

Born in 'New Hampshire, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Maine, from 1849 to 1851. 

STETSON, SAMUEL. 

He was born in New York ; 
served for three years in the As- 
sembly of that State, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1843 to 1845. 

STEVENS, ABRAHAM P. 

Born in New York, and elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1851 to 1853, 

STEVENS, HESTOR L. 

He was born in New York, and 
on taking up his residence in Michi- 
gan, was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1853 to 1855. 

STEVENS, ISAAC I. 

He was born in North Andover, 
Massachusetts, in 1818 ; graduated 
at the West Point Military Aca- 
demy in 1839, and entered the 



452 



BlOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



corps of engineers, in which service 
he continued until 1853, when he 
was appointed Governor and Su- 
perintendent of Indian Affairs for 
the Territory of Washington. This 
oflBce he resigned in ISST, having 
previously been elected a Delegate, 
to Congress, from Washington Ter- 
ritory, where he still continues. As 
an officer of the army, he was at 
the siege of Yera Cruz, under 
General Scott ; fought in several 
subsequent battles; was severely 
wounded in the final assault upon 
the City of Mexico, and was twice 
breveted for gallant services. He 
also served for a time as an assist- 
ant in the Coast Survey Office in 
Washington City. When Governor 
of Washington Territory, he tra- 
veled throughout its whole extent, 
and as Commissioner made many 
treaties with the Indian tribes. 

STEVENS, JAMES. 

He was born in Fairfield, Con- 
necticut ; served in Congress as a 
Representative, from that State, 
from 1819 to 1821; and in 1822 
was appointed Postmaster at Stam- 
.ford; he died at that place, in 
April, 1835, aged sixty-seven years. 

STEVENS, THADDEUS. 

Born in Vermont, and was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1849 to 1853. 

STEVENSON, ANDREW. 

He was a native of Virginia, and 
entered public life in 1804, as a 
member of the State Legislature, 



where, after several sessions, he was 
elected Speaker of the House. He 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Virginia, from 1821 to 1834, 
and for the Twentieth, Twenty-first, 
and Twenty-second Congresses,from 
1828 to 1834, was Speaker. He 
was appointed Minister to Great 
Britain in 1836, and remained there 
till he was succeeded by Mr. Everett, 
in 1841. • After his return to Ame- 
rica, he devoted himself chiefly to 
agricultural pursuits, and to the 
interest of the University of Vir- 
ginia, of which institution he was 
Rector at the time of his death. 
As a friend and neighbor he was 
much beloved. He died at Blenheim, 
Albemarle County, Virginia, Janu- 
ary 25, 1857, aged seventy-three. 

STEVENSON, JOHN W. 

Born in Richmond, Virginia ; 
graduated at the University of Vir- 
ginia ; read law, and settled in 
Covington, Kentucky, in 1841, prac- 
ticing his profession with success ; 
was elected to the Kentucky Legis- 
lature in 1845, 1846, and 184T; in 
1849 he was elected to the State 
Constitutional Convention, in which 
he took a leading part ; he was a 
member of the Democratic National 
Conventionsof 1848,1852 andl856; 
he was twice a Senatorial Elector ; 
was one of three Commissioners ap- 
pointed to revise the civil and crimi- 
nal code of Kentucky ; and was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, and is a 
member of the Committee on Elec- 
tions. 



Biographical Sketches. 



453 



STEWART, ANDREW. 

Born in Fayette County, Penn- 
sylvania, in June 1192. He studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1815 ; was soon afterwards elected 
to the State Legislature, and served 
three years ; he was appointed, by 
President Monroe, District Attor- 
ney for Western Pennsylvania ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1821 to 1829, from 1831 to 
1835, and from 1843 to 184t/ In 
Congress and out of it, he was ever 
a warm advocate of what is known 
as the "American protective sys- 
tem," and of late years he has been 
devoted chiefly to the congenial 
pursuits of agriculture, though pay- 
ing some attention to the business 
of manufacturing. 

STEWART, DAVID. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Maryland, from 1849 to 1850. 

STEWART, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from North Carolina, during 
the years 1818 and 1819, 

STEWART, JAMES A. 

He was born in Dorchester Coun- 
ty, Maryland, November 24, 1808 ; 
received a good education, and stu- 
died law ; served in the State Le- 
gislature ; was a Judge of the Cir- 
cuit Court of Maryland ; and was 
elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-fourth, and re-elected to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, and is Chair- 
man of the Committee on Patents. 



STEWART, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1800 
to 1805. 

STEWART, JOHN. 

Born in Chatham, Connecticut, 
in lt95; is by occupation a farmer; 
has served many years in the Con- 
necticut Legislature ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1843 to 1845. 

STEWART, WILLIAM. 

He was born in the town of 
Mercer, Mercer County, Pennsyl- 
vania, September 16, 1811; was 
educated at Jefferson College, in 
that State ; studied law, and was 
admitted to practice in 1835. He 
was a member of the State Senate 
of Pennsylvania for three years, and 
was elected a Representative, from 
that State, to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, and re-elected to the Thirty- 
sixth. He is a member of the Com- 
mittee on Expenses in the War 
Department. 

STILES. WILLIAM H. 

He was born in Georgia, and 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1843 to 
1845, and before leaving Washing- 
ton was appointed Charge d'Affaires 
to Austria. 

ST. JOHN, HENRY. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Ohio, from 1843 to 1847. 



454 



Biographical Sketches. 



ST. MAETIN, LOUIS. 

He was born in Louisiana, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1851 to 1853. 

STOCKTON, RICHARD. 

Born at Princeton, 'New Jersey," 
April It, 1164, and graduated at 
Nassau Hall in ltt9; on leaving 
college he studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to practice at the age of 
twenty. In 1792 he was a Presi- 
dential Elector. He was a Senator 
of the United States from 1196 to 
1199, and a Bepresentative in Con- 
gress from 1813 to 1815. In 1827 
he was a Commissioner for settling 
the boundary line between New 
York and New Jersey. He was emi- 
nently distinguished for his talents, 
was an eloquent and profound law- 
yer, and during more than a quarter 
of a century was at the head of the 
bar in New Jersey. He died March 
7, 1828, at Princeton. 

STOCKTON, ROBERT FIELD. 

He was born at Princeton, New 
Jersey. Early in life he entered 
the United States navy, and was 
actively engaged in some of the 
most important naval battles during 
the war of 1812. He commanded 
the American squadron on the coast 
of Africa, and he was one of the 
founders of the Colony of Liberia. 
He was one of the first of our com- 
manders to introduce and apply 
steam to naval purposes, the famous 
sloop-of-war Princeton having been 
built under his supervision. When 
war was declared with Mexico, he 



was placed in command of our fleet 
in the Pacific, and performed the 
duties of Commodore, General, and 
Grovernor, and the foundation of 
religion, education, and social pro- 
gress were laid by his instrumentali- 
ty in many of those outposts of our 
Western world. Soon after his 
return from the Pacific he resigned 
his commission in the navy, and 
devoted himself to the internal im- 
provement of his native State. He 
was elected United States Senator, 
from 1851 to 1853, serving as a 
member of several important com- 
mittees. He is now living in re- 
tirement at Princeton. 

STODDART, EBENEZER. 

Born in West Woodstock, Con- 
necticut, May 6, 1786, and gradu- 
ated at Brown University in 1806 ; 
he was a lawyer by profession, and 
practiced extensively ; had several 
years been a member of the State 
Legislature ; and was Lieutenant- 
Grovernor of the State for one year. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1821 to 1825, and died 
at Woodstock, August, 1848. 

STODDART, .JOHN T. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1833 to 
1835, and was a member of the 
Committees on Claims and on the 
District of Columbia. 

STOKELY, SAMUEL. 

He was born in Ohio, received a 
liberal education ; adopted the pro- 
fession of law ; served in the State 



Biographical Sketches. 



455 



Legislature ; and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Ohio, from 
1841 to 1843, serving on two pro- 
minent committees. 

STOKES, MONTFORD. 

Born in North Carolina in 1160 ; 
was for several years Clerk of the 
Superior Court, and subsequently of 
the Senate, in which capacity he 
became so popular as to be elected 
to the United States Senate, which 
honor he declined. He was again 
elected in 1816 to the same posi- 
tion, and served until 1823. In 
1826 he went into the General As- 
sembly as Senator, in 1829 into the 
Commons, also in 1830, when he 
was elected Governor of the State. 
In 1831 he was appointed, by Presi- 
dent Jackson, Indian Agent in 
Arkansas, where he died, in 1842. 

STONE, ALFRED P. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1844 to 
1845. 

STONE, DAVID. 

Born in Bertie County, North 
Carolina, February IT, 1770; gra- 
duated at Princeton College in 
1788; studied law, and rose to 
a high position at the bar; he 
was four years in the State Le- 
gislature ; Judge of the Supreme 
Court from 1795 to 1798 ; a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1799 to 
1801 ; a Senator in Congress, from 
1801 to 1807 ; Governor of North 
Carolina in 1808; and served a 
second term as United States Se- 
nator, from 1813 to 1814, which 



position he resigned, on account of 
disagreements with his constituents. 
Died October 7, 1818. 

STONE, .JAMES. 

Born in Kentucky, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1843 to 1845. 

STONE, JAMES W. 

Born in Kentucky in 1813, and 
died October 13, 1854. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1843 to 1845, and again from 1851 
to 1853. 

STONE, MICHAEL. 

He was born in Charles County, 
Maryland, about the year 1750, and 
died in 1812. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from his na- 
tive State, from 1789 to 1791; and 
was subsequently, for many years, 
Judge of the Charles County Court. 

STONE, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1838 
to 1839. 

STOKER, BELLAMY. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1835 to 
1837, and was a member of the 
Committee on Revolutionary Pen- 
sions. 

STORER, CLEMENT. 

He was born in 1760, and died 
at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 
November 22, 1830. He was a 
United States Senator, from New 
Hampshire, from 1817 to 1819. 



456 



Biographical Sketches. 



STORES, HENRY R. 

Born in Middletown, Connecti- 
cut, in list. He graduated at 
Yale College in 1804; practiced 
law some years at Utica, New 
York, and during his residence 
there, was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1819 to 1821, and from 
1823 to 1831. He afterwards es- 
tablished himself in the City of 
New York, where he soon became 
a very eminent practitioner in his 
profession. He was possessed of 
extensive and various acquirements, 
uncommon powers of discrimina- 
tion, great logical exactness, and a 
ready and powerful elocution ; and 
as a debater in Congress, he stood 
conspicuous in the first rank. He 
died July 29, 183*1, at New Haven. 

STORRS, WILLIAM L. 

He was born in Connecticut ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1814 ; 
adopted the law as a profession ; 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Connecticut, from 1829 to 
1833, and again from 1839 to 1840 ; 
and has, for many years past, been 
the Chief Justice of the Supreme 
Court of Connecticut. 

STORY, JOSEPPL 

Born in Marblehead, Massachu- 
setts, September 18, 1119. He 
graduated at Harvard College in 
1*798 ; studied law ; was a member 
of the State Legislature in 1805, 
and elected Speaker ; and during 
the years 1808 and 1809, he was a 
Representative in Congress. In 
1811, he was appointed, by Presi- 



dent Madison, a Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of the United States, 
which office he held until his death. 
He acquired a large fortune from 
his practice as a lawyer, and it is 
said that his income from the sale 
of his legal writings, which are 
numerous and of the highest order, 
numbering twenty-seven volumes, 
with thirty-four volumes of deci- 
sions, has amounted to ten thou- 
sand dollars per annum. In 1830 
he was appointed Dane Professor 
in the Law School of Harvard 
University, and subsequently pub- 
lished his Commentaries on the 
Constitution of the United States. 
In early life he was a writer of 
poetry, and in his later years, was 
considered, even in England, "the 
first of living writers on law." He 
received the degree of LL.D. from 
the Colleges of Harvard, Brown, 
and Dartmouth. He died in Cam- 
bridge, September 10, 1845. His 
life was published by his son, W. 
W. Story, in 1851. 

STOW, SILAS. 
« 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1811 
to 1813. 

STOWER, JOHN G. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1827 
to 1829, and was a State Senator, 
from Madison County, in 1833 and 
1834. 

STRANAHAN, J. S. T. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1855 to 1857. 



Biographical Sketches. 



457 



STRANGE, ROBERT. 

Born in Virginia, September 20, 
1196; educated at Hampden Sid- 
ney College ; studied law and re- 
moved to North Carolina, where 
he took a high position in his pro- 
fession ; he served a number of 
years in the State Legislature ; 
was elected in 1826 a Judge of the 
Superior Court ; and held the of- 
fice until he was elected a Senator 
of the United States, from 1837 to 
1841, but resigned his seat in 1840, 
having received from his State in- 
structions incompatible with his 
ideas of duty. He was subse- 
quently appointed Solicitor for the 
Fifth Judicial District of the State, 
and toward the close of his life, 
was wholly devoted to his profes- 
sion. He died in 1854. 

STRATTON, CHARLES C. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1837 to 1839, 
and again from 1841 to 1843. 

f 
STRATTON, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1801 to 
1803. 

STRATTON, NATHAN T. 

Born in New Jersey, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1851 to 1855. 

STRAUB, CHRISTIAN M. 

Born in Pennsylvania, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1853 to 1855. 



STREET, RANDALL S. 

He was born in New Haven, Con- 
necticut, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from New York, from 
1819 to 1821. 

STROHM, JOHN. 

He was born October 16, 1793, 
in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 
in what is now Fulton Township ; 
received a common school educa- 
tion, and taught a school for six 
years. In 1831 he was elected a 
Representative in the Legislature 
of his native State, serving three 
sessions in the House and eight in 
the Senate, and during one term as 
Speaker. He was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1845 to 1847, 
and for a second term ending in 
1849. 

STRONG, CALEB. 

Born in January, 1745, and gra- 
duated at Harvard College in 1764. 
In consequence of poor health he 
did not commence the practice of 
law for eight years afterwards. He 
spent his life at Northampton, 
where his paternal ancestors had 
lived from the year 1659. He held 
various public ofSces. In 1780 he 
was chosen one of the Council of 
Massachusetts. In 1779 he assisted 
in forming the Constitution of that 
State; and in 1787 he also assist- 
ed in forming the Constitution of 
the United States. From 1789 to 
1797 he was a Senator in Congress, 
and from 1800 to 1807 he was Go- 
vernor of the State ; also, from 
1812 to 1815. Governor Strong 



458 



Biographical Sketches. 



was a man of unimpeacliable moral 
character, and he possessed a vigor- 
ous and well cultivated mind. He 
died November 1, 1819. 

STRONG, JAMES. 

He was born in Windham, Con- 
necticut, in 1183, and graduated at 
the University of Vermont in 1806 ; 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from ISTew York, from 1819 to 
1821 ; and again from 1823 to 
1831. He died in Chester, New 
Jersey, August 8, 184'7. 

STRONG, SELAH B. 

He was born in Brookhaven, 
Long Island, May 1, 1192 ; gradu- 
ated at Yale College in 1811 ; 
studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1814 ; was at one time 
Attorney for Suffolk County ; a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1843 to 1845 ; and was appointed, 
in 184*1, a Judge of the Supreme 
Court of New York. 

STRONG, SOLOMON. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1815 to 1819. 

STRONG, STEPHEN. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1845 to 1841. 

STRONG, THERON R. 

He was born in Connecticut ; 
served in the Assembly of New 
York, from Wayne County, in 1842 ; 
and was a Representative in Con- 



gress, from New York, from 1889 
to 1841. 

STRONG, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Windham Coun- 
ty, Connecticut, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Ver- 
mont, from 1811 to 1815, and again 
from 1819 to 1821. 

STRONG, WILLIAM. 

Born in Somers, Tolland County, 
Connecticut, May 6, 1808 ; attend- 
ed Plainfield Academy, and gradu- 
ated at Yale College in 1828; 
taught school in Connecticut and 
New Jersey ; studied law in New 
Haven, and was admitted to the 
bar, in Philadelphia, in 1832; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1841 to 
1851. 

STROTHER, GEORGE F. 

He was a native of Culpepper 
County, Virginia, a lawyer by pro- 
fession, and a Representative in 
Congress, from Virginia, from 181t 
to 1820, when he was appointed 
Receiver of Public Moneys at St. 
Louis, Missouri. 

STROTHER, JAMES F. 

He was born in Culpepper Coun- 
ty, Virginia, September 4, 1811, 
received a collegiate education, and 
adopted the profession of law, which 
he still continues to practice. He 
served ten years in the Legislature 
of Virginia, having occupied the 
chair of Speaker during the sessions 
of 1841 and 1848. He was a mem- 



Biographical Sketches. 



459 



ber, in 1850, of the Convention 
which formed the present Constitu- 
tion of the State ; and a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1851 to 
1853. 

STRUDWICK, AVILLIAM E, 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1796 to 
HOT. 

STUART, ALEXANDER H. H. 
He was born in Virginia ; studied 
law, and settled in the practice of 
his profession at Staunton, Vir- 
ginia; served a number of years 
in the Legislature of Virginia; 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1843 ; 
and was appointed, by President 
Fillmore, Secretary of the Inte- 
rior Department. His last public 
position, which he now occupies, 
is that of State Senator in the Le- 
gislature of Virginia. 

STUART, ANDREW. 
Born in Pennsylvania ; and was 
elected a Pk^epresentative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1853 to 1855. 

STUART, ARCHIBALD. 
He wS,s born in Virginia, and 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 183T to 
1839. 

STUART, CHARLES E. 
He was born in Columbia Coun- 
ty, New York, November 25, 1810, 
and adopted the profession of law. 
He was a member of the Michigan 
Legislature in 1842 ; a Representa- 
tive in the Thirtieth and Thirty-se- 



cond Congresses, and was elected, in 
1853, a Senator in Congress, where 
he still continues, serving as Chair- 
man of the important Committee on 
Public Lands. 

STUART, DAVID. 

Born in New York, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Michigan, from 1853 to 1855. 

STUART, JOHN T. 

Born in Kentucky, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Illinois, from 1839 to 1843. 

STUART, PHILIP. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1811 to 
1819. 

STURGEON, DANIEL. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1840 to 
1851. 

STURGES, .JONATHAN. 

Born at Fairfield, Connecticut, 
August 23, 1T40; graduated at Yale 
College in 1*7 5 9, and became a lawyer. 
In IT 15 he was chosen a Delegate to 
Congress ; he espoused and support- 
ed the cause of Independence, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1189 to 1193, when he was ap- 
pointed a Judge of the Supreme 
Court of Connecticut, and continued 
in the office until 1805. He died at 
Fairfield, October 4, 1819. 

STURGES, LEWIS BURR. 

Born in Fairfield, Connecticut, in 
1162, and graduated at Yale Col- 



460 



Biographical Sketches. 



lege in 1 '782. He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Connecti- 
cut, from 1805 to 1811 ; and subse- 
quently emigrated to the State of 
Ohio. He died in Norwalk, Ohio, 
March 30, 1844. 

SULLIVAN, GEORGE. 

He was born in Darham, New 
Hampshire, in IT '12; graduated at 
Harvard University in 1790, and 
commenced in early life the practice 
of law in Exeter, which he continued 
for more than forty years, and ac- 
quired a high reputation. He was 
a Representative in the General 
Court, in 1805 and 1813; a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, in 1811 and 
1812; and a member of the State 
Senate, in 1814 and 1815. He was 
twenty-one years Attorney-G-eneral 
of the State, which office he resigned 
in 1836. He died at Exeter, June 
14, 1838, highly esteemed for his 
talents and public usefulness. 

SUMMERS, GEORGE W. 

He was born in Fairfax County, 
Virginia, near Alexandria, but has 
lived from infancy in Kanawha 
County, in the western part of the 
State. He was educated for the 
legal profession, and came to the 
bar in 182T. In 1830 he was 
elected a member of the House of 
Delegates, and continued to repre- 
sent Kanawha County in the Le- 
gislature for several years. He 
was elected to the House of Repre- 
sentatives in the spring of 1841, 
and re-elected in 1843, serving 
throughout the Twenty-seventh 



and Twenty-eighth Congresses. In 
1850 he was elected a member of 
the State Convention which framed 
the present Constitution of Yirgi- 
nia. In 1851 he was unanimously 
nominated as the Whig candidate 
for Governor, at the first election of 
the Governor by the people, that 
officer having been previouslychosen 
by the Legislature, but was defeat- . 
ed. In May, 1852, he was elected 
Judge of the Eighteenth Judicial 
Circuit in Virginia, and having 
served in that capacity for six 
years, he resigned his office, July 
1, 1858, there being two years of 
the term for which he had been 
elected unexpired. He is now de- 
voting himself to agriculture, and 
the practice of law. 

SUMNER, CHARLES. 

Born in Boston, January 6, 1811. 
After preparing himself at a Latin 
school in his native city, he entered 
Harvard College in 1826, and in 
1831 commenced his studies at the 
Cambridge Law School. While 
yet a student, he wrote several ar- 
ticles in the American Jurist, which 
attracted attention, and before his 
admission to the bar he became the 
editor of that periodical. He con- 
tinued to occupy this position for 
three years. He was admitted to 
the bar in 1834, and commenced 
the practice of his profession in 
Boston, where he was appointed re- 
porter to the Circuit Court, and 
published three volumes known as 
"Sumner's Reports." Daring the 
three winters succeeding his admis- 



Biographical Sketches. 



461 



sion to the bar, and again in 1843, 
he lectured at the Canibridge Law 
School, by invitation of the faculty. 
In 1837 he visited Europe, where 
he remained until the spring of 
1840. On the death of Judge 
Story, in 1845, he was offered the 
appointment to the chair he had 
occupied, but he declined the honor. 
He was elected to the Senate of 
the United States in 1851, which 
position he continues to hold at the 
present time. Since the assault 
made upon him by Mr. Preston 
Brooks, on the floor of the Senate, 
he has not taken any part in the 
proceedings of that body, and has 
again visited Europe for the benefit 
of his health. 

SUMTER, THOMAS. 

A distinguished soldier of the 
American Revolution ; was a citizen 
of South Carolina ; and was pro- 
moted, by Governor Rutledge, in 
1780, from the ofBce of colonel to 
that of brigadier-general. For his 
services he received the thanks of 
Congress, and the applause of his 
country. In 1809 he was appoint- 
ed Minister to Brazil, and on his 
return, in 1811, he was chosen a 
Senator of the United States. He 
died suddenly, June 1, 1832, aged 
ninety-seven. 

SUMTER, THOMAS D. 

Born in Pennsylvania, and elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, 
from South Carolina, from 1840 to 
1843. 



SUTHERLAND, JOEL B. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Philadelphia County, 
Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1837, 
and was Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Commerce during the 
Twenty-fourth Congress. 

SUTHERLAND, JOSIAH. 

He was born in N'ew York, and 
was elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-second Congress, from that 
State. 

SWAN, SAAIUEL. 

Born in 1771, was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from New Jer- 
sey, from 1821 to 1831, and died at 
Brunswick, New Jersey, August 24, 
1844. 

SWANV/ICK, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1795 to 1798. 

SWART, RETER. 

lie was a member of the New 
York Senate, from Schoharie Coun- 
ty, from 1817 to 1820, and had 
been a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1807 to 1809. 

SWEARINGEN, HENRY. 

Born in Pennsylvania, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1839 to 1841. 

SWEARINGEN, THOMAS V. 

He was born in Jefferson Coun- 
ty, Virginia, and elected a Repre- 



462 



Biographical Sketches. 



sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1819 to 1821. 

SWEENY, GEORGE. 

Born in Pennsylvania, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1839 to 1843. 

SWEETSER, CHARLES. 

Born in Yermont, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1849 to 1853. 

SWIFT, BENJAMIN. 

He was born at Amenia, New 
York, April 5, 1181 ; he received 
an academic education ; studied law, 
and was admitted to practice at 
Bennington in 1806 ; he was settled 
for a time in Manchester, and sub- 
sequently in St. Albans, where he 
rose to eminence in his profession. 
In 1813 and 1814, 1825 and 1826, 
he was a Representative to the Ge- 
neral Assembly, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Yer- 
mont, from 182T to 1831. He re- 
ceived the degree of A.M. from 
Middlebury College in 1820, and 
was a member of the corporation of 
that institution, from 1830 to 1839. 
In 1833 he was elected to the Se- 
nate of the United States for six 
years, after which he retired to pri- 
Tate life. While in apparent good 
health he died suddenly, in an open 
field on his farm, November 1 1,1847. 

SWIFT, ZEPHANIAH. 

Born in Wareham, Massachu- 
setts, in 1*759; graduated at Yale 
College in 1718, and established 



himself as a lawyer at Windham, 
Connecticut, where his superior ta- 
lents gained him a lucrative practice 
in his profession. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Con- 
necticut, from 1793 to 1797, and in 
1800 was secretary to Ellsworth, 
Davie, and Murray in their mission 
to France. Soon after his return he 
was placed on the bench of the Su- 
perior Court of the State, where he 
continued eighteen years, duriugthe 
last five of which he was Chief Jus- 
tice. He was afterwards a member 
of the State Legislature, and was 
one of a committee to revise the 
Statute Laws of the State. He pub- 
lished several works; among them 
was a Digest of the Laws of Con- 
necticut, on the model of Black- 
stone. He died at Warren, Ohio, 
September 27, 1823. 

SWOOPE, JACOB. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 1809 to 
1811. 

SWOPE, SAMUEL F. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative, in Congress, 
from that State, from 1855 to 1857. 

SYKES, GEORGE. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1847. 

TAGGART, SAMUEL. 

Born in Londonderry, Massachu- 
setts, and graduated at Dartmouth 
in 1774; he studied for the minis- 



Biographical Sketches. 



463 



try, and settled in Coleraine in 1*7 77. 
He was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from Massachusetts, serv- 
ing from 1803 to 1817, and died in 
1825, aged seventy-one years. 

TAIT, CHARLES. 

He was born in Louisa County, 
Virginia, but removed at an early 
age to Georgia. He was for several 
years a Judge of the Superior 
Court of Georgia, and a Senator in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1809 to 1819. He distinguished 
himself as a supporter of the ad- 
ministrations of Madison and Mon- 
roe. In 1819 he removed to Ala- 
bama, and was appointed a Judge 
of the District Court, when first 
established in that State, which of- 
fice he resigned in 182G. He died 
in Wilcox County, Alabama, Octo- 
ber 7, 1835, in the sixty-eighth year 
of his age. 

TALBOT, ALBERT G. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was elected a R,epresentative, from 
that State, to the Thirty-fourth 
and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is 
Chairman of the Committee on 
Expenditures in the War Depart- 
ment, and a member of that on 
Roads and Canals. 

TALBOT, ISHAM. 

He was born in Bedford County, 
Virginia, in 1773; received a good 
education; studied law, and prac- 
ticed with success ; he was a mem- 
ber of the Kentucky Senate, from 
1812 to 1815 ; from 1815 to 1819 a 



member of the United States Se- 
nate, and for a second term, from 
1820 to 1825. He died near Frank- 
fort, September 27, 1837. 

TALBOT, SILAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1793 
to 1794, when he was appointed, by 
President Washington, captain in 
the navy, having previously served 
a number of years in the State As- 
sembly, from Montgomery County. 

TALIAFERRO, BENJAMIN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Georgia, from 1799 to 
1802. 

TALIAFERRO, JOHN. 

He was born in Virginia in 1768 ; 
was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1801 to 
1803, from 1811 to 1813, from 1824 
to 1831, and from 1835 to 1843. 
For three years before his death he 
was Librarian of the Treasury De- 
partment in Washington. He died 
at his residence in Virginia, August 
18, 1853. 

TALLMADGE, BENJAMIN. 

He was born in Litchfield, Con- 
necticut, about the year 1754 His 
military services were very valuable ;' 
he acted a prominent part in the' 
capture of Andre ; planned and 
conducted the expedition in 1780, 
which resulted in the capture of 
Fort George and the destruction of 
the British stores on Long Island ; 
and was a member of Washington's 



564 



Biographical Sketches. 



military family. After the war, 
having attained the rank of gene- 
ral, he engaged in mercantile pur- 
suits, and acquired a large property. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Connecticut, from 1801 
to 181Y. He was highly respected 
for his public services and private 
character, and died at Litchfield, 
Connecticut, March 6, 1835. 

TALLMADGE, JAMES. 

He was born in Stanford, Dutchess 
County, New York, January 28, 
1'I88; graduated at Brown Uni- 
versity in 1198, and was by profes- 
sion a lawyer. He was early in his 
public life private secretary to Go- 
vernor Clinton, and during the war 
of 1812 commanded a portion of 
the force detailed for the defence of 
New York City. From 181t to 
1819 he was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, and de- 
clined a re-election ; he was a mem- 
ber of the Convention which framed 
the Constitution of the State, and 
in 1823 was elected to the Assembly 
from Dutchess County. From 1825 
to 1828 he was Lieutenant-Govenor, 
under Clinton, and in 1846 a mem- 
ber of the Constitutional Conven- 
tion of New York. For the last 
twenty years of his life he was Pre- 
sident of the American Institute in 
New York. He visited Europe, 
and benefited the United States by 
Ms introduction of a knowledge of 
American machinery into Russia, 
and induced that government to 
adopt it in their manufacture of 
cotton goods. He was one of the 



founders of the University of New 
York, and was President of the 
Council. He was honored with 
the degree of LL.D. from that in- 
stitution. He died, suddenly, in 
New York City, September 29, 
1853. 

TALLMADGE, NATHANIEL P. 
He was born in Chatham, Co- 
lumbia County, New York, Feb- 
ruary 8, lt95; graduated at Union 
College ; studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1818; was a 
member of the Assembly of New 
York in 1828 ; of the State Senate, 
from 1830 to 1833 ; a Senator in 
Congress, from New York, from 
1833 to 1844 ; and was subsequently 
appointed, by President Tyler, Ter- 
ritorial Governor of Wisconsin, 
where he now resides, devoted to 
his profession. 

TALLMAN, PELEG. 
He was born at Tiverton, Rhode 
Island, in 1T64; in 1118, at the age 
of fourteen, he entered into the pri- 
vateering service for employment; 
in 1180 he had his left arm shot 
off; and in 1181 he was taken pri- 
soner, and was confined in Ireland 
and England till the peace in 1183. 
He soon afterwards became com- 
mander of a merchant vessel, and, 
after following a seafaring life for 
many years, he devoted himself to 
the business of a merchant, and ac- 
quired a large fortune. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Massachusetts, from 1811 to 1813, 
and died at Bath, Maine, March 8, 
1841. 



Biographical Sketches. 



465 



TALMADGE, FREDERICK A. 

He was born in Litchfield, Con- 
necticut, August 29, 1792; gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1811, 
and having studied law, settled in 
New York, to practice, in 1814 ; in 
1836 he was elected an alderman of 
the city, and also a State Senator ; 
was, subsequently, five years Re- 
corder of the city ; a Representa- 
tive, from New York, of the Thir- 
tieth Congress ; was again Recorder 
for three years, and in 1851 was 
appointed General Superintendent 
of the Metropolitan Police, in which 
position he is now acting. 

TANNEHILL, ADAMSON. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 
to 1815. 

TAPPAN, BENJAMIN. 

Born at Northampton, Massa- 
chusetts, May 25, 1773; was taught 
the business of copper-plate en- 
graving and printing ; devoted some 
attention to portrait painting ; and 
subsequently studied and adopted 
the profession of law. In 1799 he 
emigrated to Ohio, and was one of 
the earliest settlers there ; in 1803 
was elected to the Legislature of 
the new State ; he served in the war 
of 1812 as aid-de-camp to General 
Wadsworth ; was for seven years 
President Judge of the Fifth Ohio 
Circuit; in 1833 he was appointed, 
by President Jackson, United States 
Judge for the Ohio District; and 
he was a Senator in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1839 to 1845, serving 
30 



as Chairman of the Committee on 
the Library. He died at Steuben- 
ville, Ohio, April 12, 1857. 

TAPPAN, MASON W. 

Born in Newport, Sullivan Coun- 
ty, New Hampshire ; fitted for col- 
lege, and studied law as a profes- 
sion ; he was a member of the State 
Legislature in 1853, 1854, and 1855 ; 
and a Representative, from New 
Hampshire, in the Thirty-fourth 
Congress, and re-elected to the 
Thirty-fifth, and is a member of the 
Committee on the Judiciary. 

TARE, CHRISTIAN. 

He was born in Baltimore, Mary- 
land, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1817 to 1819, and again from 1820 
to 1821. 

TATE, MAGNUS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from North Carolina, from 
1815 to 1817. 

TATNALL, EDWARD F. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Georgia, from 1821 to 

1827. 

TATTNALL, JOSIAH. 

He was born at Bonaventure, 
near Savannah, and died in the 
West Indies, in 1804. His boy- 
hood was full of adventure, and at 
the age of eighteen he joined the 
army of General Wayne, at Ebene- 
zer. In 1793 he was appointed 
colonel of a Georgia regiment, and 
in 1800 a brigadier-general, partici- 



466 



Biographical Sketches. 



pating extensively in the military 
affairs of the State, and serving oc- 
casionally in the Legislature. He 
also served in 1796 at Louisville, in 
the General Assembly that rescinded 
the Yazoo Act of 1195 ; and was a 
Senator in Congress, from Georgia, 
from 1796 to 1799. 

TATUM, ABSALOM. 

A Representative in Congress, 
from North Carolina, during the 
years 1795 and 1796. 

TAUL, MICAH, 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 181 5 to 
1817. 

TAYLOR, GEORGE. 

He was born in Wheeling, "Vir- 
ginia, October 19, 1820, and after 
receiving a liberal education, turned 
his attention to the study of medi- 
cine, but subsequently adopted the 
profession of law ; he was admitted 
to the bar in 1840, and removed to 
Indiana, where he was successful as 
a special pleader. In 1844 he re- 
moved to Alabama, and there prac- 
ticed his profession for four years, 
after which he removed to New 
York, where he now resides. In 
1856 he was elected a Representa- 
tive to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
and is a member of the Committees 
on Revolutionary Claims, and on 
the Cost of Public Buildings. As 
an author, writing upon topics 
connected with the natural sci- 
ences, he has been successful. A 
work published in 1851, and en- 
titled "Indications of the Creator," 



has passed through four editions, 
and been highly applauded by the 
critics of England and France. 
He has also written much in behalf 
of popular education, and his col- 
lected addresses and lectures make 
quite a large and interesting vo- 
lume. 

TAYLOR, JOHN. 

He graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1790; was distinguished 
for his attention to agriculture, and 
published a work entitled " Con- 
structor Construed : an Inquiry 
into the Principles and Policy of 
the Government of the United 
States, 1814; " and was a Senator 
of the United States, from Yir- 
ginia, from 1792 to 1794, in 1803, 
and from 1822 to 1824. He died 
in Caroline County, Yirginia, Au- 
gust 20, 1824, at an advanced age. 

TAYLOR, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1807 to 1810, and for a second 
term, from 1815 to 1817, when he 
was appointed Receiver of Public 
Moneys in Mississippi Territory. 

TAYLOR, JOHN J. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and having settled in New York, 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1853 to 1855. 

TAYLOR, JOHN L. 

Born in Stafford County, Vir- 
ginia, March 7, 1805 ; was educated 



Biographical Sketches. 



467 



in the common schools and semi- 
naries of the neighborhood ; studied 
law in Washingtoa City, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1828 ; set- 
tled in Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1829 ; 
he was for six years major-general 
of the Ohio militia ; and he was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 184T to 1855, serving 
from time to time on important 
committees. 

TAYLOR, JOHN W. 

Born in Saratoga County, New 
York, in 1784, and graduated at 
Union College in 1803. He studied 
law in Albany ; was elected to the 
State Legislature in 1811, and 
while in that body was elected to 
Congress, where he served from 
N 1813 to 1833. He was Speaker of 
the House, during the second ses- 
sion of the Sixteenth Congress, 
during the passage of the Missouri 
Compromise. He removed to 
Cleveland, Ohio, in 1843, where 
he died in September, 1854. He 
was for many years a leading and 
prominent stateman of New York, 
and was esteemed for his personal 
virtues and liberal hospitality. 

TAYLOR, JONATHAN. 

He was a native of Connecticut, 
and having removed to Ohio, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1839 
to 1841. 

TAYLOR, MILES. 

He was born in New York, and 
having taken up his residence in 



Louisiana, was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from that State, to the 
Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con- 
gresses, and he is a member of the 
Committees on Claims, and on the 
Judiciary. 

TAYLOR, NATHANIEL G. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1854 to 1855. 

TAYLOR, ROBERT. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, his native 
State, from 1825 to 1827. 

TAYLOR, WALLER. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Indiana, from 1816 to 1825, 
and died August 26, 1826. 

TAYLOR, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Connecticut ; was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1833 to 1839, and 
served two years in the Assembly 
of that State, from New York 
City, and two years from Onondaga 
County. 

TAYLOR, WILLIAM. 

Born in Alexandria, District of 
Columbia; was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1843 to 1847, but died 
in Washington City, January 17, 
1846. 

TAYLOR, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 1835. 



468 



Biographical Sketches. 



TAZEWELL, HENRY. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Yirginia, from 1794 to 1799. 
He died January 24, 1799. 

TAZEWELL, LITTLETON W. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, during the 
years 1800 and 1801 ; a Senator 
of the United States, from 1824 to 
1833; and Governor of Yirginia, 
from 1834 to 1837. 

TELFAIR, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Georgia, from 1813 to 
1817. 

TEN EYCK, E. 

He was born in Rensselaer Coun- 
ty, New York, April 18, 1779: 
graduated at Williams College; 
studied law in Albany ; was a mem- 
ber of the Assembly in 1812 and 
1813, and Speaker ; member also of 
the Constitutional Convention of 
1822 ; and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1823 
to 1825. He also held the oflBces 
of Judge of the Jefferson County 
Court, and president of a county 
agricultural society. He died at 
Watertown, New York, April 11, 
1844. 

TENNEY, SAMUEL. 

Was born at Byfield, Massa- 
chusetts ; and having received a 
collegiate education at Harvard 
University, commenced the study 
of medicine. When the revolution- 
ary war began, he was found among 



the assertors of his country's rights ; 
and was present at the battle of 
Bunker's Hill, where he was em- 
ployed in attending upon the 
wounded. He served during the 
whole war, and was attached to the 
Rhode Island line of the Provincial 
army. At the close of the war he 
retired from his profession, and set- 
tled at Exeter, New Hampshire. 
For many years he was Judge of 
Probate ; and in 1800 was elected 
a Representative in the Congress 
of the United States, serving until 
1807. His death, which occurred 
in 1816, was universally regretted. 
An ardent lover of his country, a 
faithful expounder of her laws and 
institutions, and an elegant scholar, 
his memory is still fondly cherished 
by many who knew him. 

TERRILL, WILLIAM. 
He was frequently a member o' 
the Georgia Legislature, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1817 to 1821. Be- 
coming tired of politics, he took 
great interest in the promotion of 
agricultural science, and in 1853 he 
made a donation of $20,000 for the 
establishment of an agricultural pro- 
fessorship in the University of Geor- 
gia, which professorship bears his 
name. He was one of the most 
accomplished and useful citizens of 
his State, and died at Sparta, 
Georgia, July 4, 1855. 

TERRY, NATHANIEL. 
Born in Enfield, Connecticut, in 
1768, and graduated at Yale College 
in 1786. He resided in Hartford, 



Biographical Sketches. 



469 



Connecticut, and held various offices 
in his native State; from 1817 to 
1819 was a Representative in Con- 
gress ; and died in New Haven, 
June 14, 1844. 

TEST, JOHN. 

He was a native of New Jersey, 
and emigrated to Indiana; was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1823 to 1827, and 
from 1829 to 1831. He was Pre- 
siding Judge of one of the Circuit 
Courts of Indiana ; and afterwards 
removed to Mobile, Alabama, where 
he gained a high reputation for his 
learning and talents as a lawyer. 
He died near Cambridge City, In- 
diana, October 9, 1849. 

THACHER, GEORGE. 

Born in Yarmouth, Massachu- 
setts, April 12, 1754; graduated at 
Harvard College in 1776 ; studied 
law, and established himself to prac- 
tice in Biddeford, Maine ; he was a 
Delegate to the old Congress, and 
on the adoption of the Constitution, 
served as a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 1789 
to 1801 ; in 1792 he was elected a 
District Judge, in Maine, serving 
until 1800, when he was chosen a 
Judge of the Supreme Court in 
Massachusetts ; and he held the lat- 
ter office until January, 1824, when 
he resigned, and died on the sixth 
of April following. He was also 
a member of the Convention which 
formed the Constitution of Maine, 
in 1819. He was a man of superior 
abilities, and performed all his duties 



to the entire satisfaction of the pub- 
lic. He was famous for his wit, and 
when a bill was reported in Congress 
respecting the use of the eagle on 
American coin, he playfully recom- 
mended a goose, for which he was 
challenged by the reporter of the 
bill, and the challenge he ridiculed. 

THACHER, SAMUEL. 

He was born in Massachusetts ; 
graduated at Harvard University in 
1793 ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Massachusetts, from 
1802 to 1805. 

THAYER, ELI. 

Born in Men don, Worcester 
County, Massachusetts, June 11, 
1819; graduated at Brown Univer- 
sity ; is a farmer by occupation ; 
and served as alderman of the City 
of Worcester in 1853; he was a 
Representative in the Massachu- 
chusetts Legislature during the 
years 1853 and 1854, and elected a 
Representative to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, from that State, serving 
as a member of the Committee on the 
Militia. He has been re-elected to 
the Thirty-sixth Congress. 



THIBODEAUX, B. G. 

He wa 
was a Re 
from that St 
and for a s 
1849. 




n Louisiana, and 

utive in Congress, 

', from 1845 to 1847, 

d term ending in 



THOMAS, DAVID. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1801 
to 1808; served four years in the 



470 



Biographical Sketches. 



Assembly of that State ; and also 
held the position of State Trea- 
surer. 

THOMAS, FRANCIS. 

He was born in Frederick Coun- 
ty, Maryland, February 3, 1^99; 
educated at St. John College, in 
that State ; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1820; was a 
member of the House of Delegates 
in 1822, 1821, and 1829; and he 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Maryland, from 1831 to 1841, 
When in Congress he was Chair- 
man of the Judiciary Committee, 
and a report made by him led to 
the settlement of the boundary diffi- 
culties between Ohio and Michigan. 
After leaving Congress, he was the 
Democratic candidate for Grovernor 
of Maryland. 

THOMAS, ISAAC. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1815 to 

isn. 

THOMAS, JAMES H. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 184'7 to 
1851. 

THOMAS, JESSE B. 

He was a Delegate to Congress, 
from the Territory of Indiana, from 
1808 to 1809, and was then ap- 
pointed United States Judge of Illi- 
nois Territory. 

THOMAS, JESSE B. 

He was one of the first Senators 
in Congress, from Illinois, having 



held the position from 1818 to 1829, 
and serving on important Commit- 
tees. He died in February, 1850. 

THOMAS, JOHN C. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from It 9 9 to 
1801. 

THOMAS, PHILEMON. 

A native of North Carolina, 
where, during the revolutionary 
war, he was engaged in many 
skirmishes with the British. He 
resided some years in Kentucky, 
and was a member of the Legisla- 
ture of that State ; he afterwards 
removed to Louisiana, and, in 1810 
and 1811, headed the insurrection 
at Baton Rouge, which threw off 
the yoke of Spain from West Flo- 
rida. He was a Representative in 
Congress, from Louisiana, from 
1831 to 1835, and died at Baton 
Rouge, Louisiana, November 18, 
184T, aged eighty-three years. 

THOMAS, PHILIP FRANCIS. 

He was born in Talbot County, 
Maryland, September 12, 1810 ; was 
educated at Dickinson College ; 
studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1831 ; in 1836 was a 
member of the State Constitutional 
Convention ; in 1838 was elected 
to the State Legislature ; was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1839 to 1841 ; was, subsequently. 
Judge of the Land-office Court of 
the Eastern Shore of Maryland ; in 
1843 and 1845 was elected to the 
House of Delegates ; and in 1841 
was elected Governor of Maryland. 



Biographical Sketches. 



471 



THOMAS, RICHARD. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1795 
to 1805. 

THOMASSON, WILLIAM P. 

Born in Henry County, Ken- 
tucky ; commenced the study of law 
at an early age ; and when eighteen, 
was licensed to practice at Corydon, 
Indiana, from which place he was 
elected to the Legislature. He re- 
moved to Louisville about the year 
1841, and was chosen a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Kentucky, 
from 1843 to 1847. He afterwards 
went to Chicago, where he is now 
engaged in the practice of his pro- 
fession. 

THOMPSON, ALEXANDER. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1824 
to 1826; died at his residence, in 
Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, Au- 
gust 2, 1848, aged sixty-three years. 

THOMPSON, BENJAMIN. 

Born in Massachusetts, in 1798. 
He held many responsible ofiBces in 
the town of Charlestown, and was 
several times a Representative in the 
State Legislature. He was twice 
elected to Congress as a member 
from the Fourth District of Massa- 
chusetts, serving from 1845 to 1847; 
and again from March 1851, till his 
death. He united mental cultiva- 
tion and sound judgment with great 
business talent. His services upon 
the Committee on Military Affairs, 
during the Mexican war, were espe- 



cially valuable. He died in Charles- 
town, September 24, 1852. 

THOMPSON, GEORGE W. 

He was born in Ohio, and, re- 
moving to Yirginia, was elected a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1851 to 1852. 

THOMPSON, HEDGE. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, during the 
years 1827 and 1828. 

THOMPSON, JACOB. 

He was born in Caswell County, 
North Carolina, May 15, 1810, and 
received his education at the Uni- 
versity of Chapel Hill. He studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1834, and during the following year 
removed to the State of Mississippi. 
Locating himself in what was known 
as the Chickasaw Country, he ap- 
plied himself to the task of making 
the wilderness blossom like the rose, 
and through his influence the In- 
dian lands were divided into coun- 
ties, and became politically identi- 
fied with the State. The conse- 
quence was that a grateful constitu- 
ency called upon him to represent 
them in Congress, and, having been 
elected in 1839, he continued to 
serve in that capacity, with ability 
and fidelity, until 1851. On first 
taking his seat in Congress, he was 
placed on the Committee on Public 
Lands, and was for some years 
Chairman of the Committee on In- 
dian Affairs. He was one of the 
most devoted defenders of Missis- 



472 



Biographical Sketches. 



sippi, and of tlie Democratic party, 
at the time when the cry of repu- 
diation was ringing throughout the 
land; and as he had, in 1845, de- 
clined going into the United States 
Senate, by appointment of the Go- 
vernor of Mississippi, so did he, in 
1851, decline a re-election to the 
House of Kepresentatives, prefer- 
ring to lead the more peaceful life 
of a man of fortune, in the midst of 
troops of friends. But this retire- 
ment did not happen to coincide 
with the Tiews of President Bu- 
chanan when he came into power, 
and as he was familiar with Mr. 
Thompson's career in Congress and 
the National ]S"ominating Conven- 
tions, the natural result was his ap- 
pointment as Secretary of the Inte- 
rior Department. 

THOMPSON, J. B. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1843, 
and again from 184Y to 1851 ; and 
in 1853 he was elected a Senator in 
Congress for a long term. He is 
a member of the Committee on 
Private Land Claims and of that 
on Pensions. 

THOMPSON, JAMES. 

Born in Middlesex,Butler County, 
Pennsylvania, October 1, 1806. He 
received a good education, and com- 
menced life as a printer ; he studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1828 ; he was elected to the As- 
sembly of his native State, in 1832, 
1833, and 1834, presiding during 



the last session as Speaker; in 1836 
he was a Presidential Elector ; he 
was Presiding Judge of the Dis- 
trict Court for six years, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1845 
to 1851. Of late years he has been 
chiefly devoted to the practice of 
his profession, and in 184Y was 
elected a Judge of the Supreme 
Court of Pennsylvania, for fifteen 
years. 

THOMPSON, JOEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1813 
to 1815, having previously served 
one year in the State Assembly, 
from Albany, and two years from 
Chenango County. 

THOMPSON, JOHN. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly, from Albany, In 
1T88 and lt89, in 182Y from Dela- 
ware County, in 1802 and 1841 
from Dutchess County; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1799 to 1801, and 
again from 1807 to 1811. 

THOMPSON, JOHN. 

He was born in 1777, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1825 to 1827, and again 
from 1829 to 1837. He died at 
New Lisbon, Ohio, December 2, 
1852. 

THOMPSON, JOHN. 

He was born in Rhinebeck, 
Dutchess County, New York, July 
4, 1809. He was educated at Yale 



Biographical Sketches. 



473 



and Union Colleges ; lived on a 
farm until sixteen years of age, 
since which time he has devoted 
himself to the law; and against 
his own wishes and consent was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, to the Thir- 
ty-fifth Congress ; serving on the 
Committee on Roads and Canals. 

THOMPSON, MARK. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, froni 1795 
to 1799. 

THOMPSON, PHILIP, 
He was a native of Kentucky, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1823 to 1825. 

THOMPSON, PHILIP R. 
Born in 1766, and died in Ka- 
nawha County, Virginia, July 22, | 
1837. He was a Representative 
in Congress, from Yirginia, from 
1801 to 1807. 

THOMPSON, RICHARD AV. 
He was born in Culpepper 
County, Virginia, June 9, 1809; 
received, a good English and clas- 
sical education ; and his love of 
adventure led him into the wilds of 
Kentucky before he became of age. 
In 1831 he settled in Louisville, 
and became a clerk in an extensive 
mercantile house ; tiring of this, 
he removed to Lawrence County, 
Indiana, taught school for a few 
months, but again turned his atten- 
tion to merchandising, selling goods 
and studying law at the same time. 
He was admitted to the bar in 1834, 
and was almost immediately elected 



to the Indiana Legislature ; was 
re-elected in 1835 ; in 1836 he was 
elected to the State Senate, served 
two years, and was for a time Pre- 
sident pro tern, of the Senate, and 
Acting Lieutenant-Governor ; he 
was a Presidental Elector in 1840, 
and voted for General Harrison, 
whose election he zealously advo- 
cated with his pen and on the 
stump ; and in 1841 he was elected 
a Representative in Congress, for 
the term ending in 1843. In 1844 
he was again chosen a Presidential 
Elector; was again a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Indiana, 
from 1847 to 1849, when he de- 
clined a re-election. Since that 
time he has held no public office, 
but has been devoted to the prac- 
tice of his profession at Terre 
Haute. President Taylor offered 
him the appointment of Charge 
d'Aflfaires to Austria, and President 
Fillmore, the office of Recorder of 
the General Land-office, both of 
which honors he declined 

THOMPSON, ROBERT A. 

He was born in Yirginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1847 to 1849. 
Now Land Commissioner in Cali- 
fornia. 

THOMPSON, THOMAS W. 

He graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity in 1786 ; was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New Hamp- 
shire, from 1805 to 1807, and a Uni- 
ted States Senator from 1814 to 
1817 ; and died in 1821. He was a 



474 



Biographical Sketches. 



neighbor, and one of the earliest 
friends of Daniel Webster. 

THOMPSON, WADDY. 

He was born at Pickensville, 
South Carolina, September 8, HGS, 
graduated at the South Carolina- 
College in 1814, and having studied 
law, was admitted to the bar in 
1819. He has served in the Legis- 
lature of his native State, was at 
one time Solicitor for the Western 
Circuit of South Carolina, was 
chosen a Presidential Elector, at- 
tained the military title of brigadier- 
general, and was appointed, in 
1842, Minister Plenipotentiary to 
Mexico, about which he published 
an interesting work. He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1835 
to 1841, serving in 1840 as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Military 
Affairs. 

THOMPSON, WILEY. 

He was a native of Georgia, and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1821 to 1833. 

THOMPSON, WILLIAM. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and having settled in Iowa, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1847 
to 1851. 

THOMPSON, JOHN R. 

Born in Philadelphia, September 
5, 1800 ; entered Princeton Col- 
lege, but left in the junior year, and 
devoted himself to mercantile pur- 
suits, making a voyage to China in 



181Y, and in 1820 established him- 
self as a merchant in Canton, and 
was appointed Consul of the Uni- 
ted States at that port in 1823, and 
remained there until 1825. Since 
the year 1830 he has been engaged 
in the management of several rail- 
ways, and of the New Jersey Canal. 
In 1844 he was a member of the 
Constitutional Convention of New 
Jersey, and was United States Se- 
nator »from 1853 to 1851, and was 
re-elected for the term ending in 
1863. He was offered a seat in 
the cabinet by President Buchan- 
an, which he declined. He is at 
present a member of the Commit- 
tees on Naval Affairs and on Post- 
oflices and Post-roads. 

THORINGTON, JAMES. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
and removing to Iowa, was elected 
a Representative from that State 
to the Thirty-fourth Congress. 

THROOP, ENOS T. 

He was born in Johnstown, 
Montgomery County, New York, 
August 21, 1184 ; while perform- 
ing the duties of an attorney's 
clerk, he acquired a classical educa- 
tion; studied law, and settled in 
Auburn ; was a Representative in 
Congress during the years 1815 
and 1816; in 1823 was elected Cir- 
cuit Judge; in 1829 Lieutenant- 
Governor of New York ; and in 
1831 was Governor of that State. 
In 1838 he was appointed Charge 
d'Affaires to the two Sicilies. 



Biographical Sketches. 



475 



TIIRUSTON, BUCKNER. 

Born in Virginia, about the year 
1763. He emigrated in early life 
to Kentucky, and being possessed 
of superior talents, he was soon 
called into the public service. He 
was appointed Federal Judge in the 
Territory of Orleans, in 1805, and 
was the same year elected a mem- 
ber of the IJnited States Senate, 
for six years, but he resigned in 
1809, on being appointed, by Presi- 
dent Madison, Judge of the United 
States Circuit Court of the District 
of Columbia, which office he held 
until his death, which occurred at 
Washington, August 30, 1845. 

THURMAN, ALLEN G. 

He was born in Virginia, and 
having taken up his residence in 
Ohio, was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1845 to 1847. 

THURMAN, JOHN R. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1849 
to 1851, and died in New York, 
July 25, 1854. 

THURSTON, BENJAMIN B. 

He was born in Hopkinton, Rhode 
Island, June 29, 1804 ; he received 
a common school education ; was 
bred a merchant ; was elected four- 
teen years in succession to the As- 
sembly of his native State ; and in 
1838 was Lieutenant-Governor; 
and he was a Representative in 
Congress, from Rhode Island, from 
184*7 to 1849, and again from 1851 



to 1857. He is at the present 
time a member of the Senate of 
Rhode Island. 

THURSTON, .JOHN B. 

He was born in Virginia, in 1757 ; 
studied law, and emigrated to Ken- 
tucky, whence he was sent to the 
United States Senate, in 1805, for 
a long term. He was subsequently 
elected a Judge of the Circuit 
Court of Kentucky, in which posi- 
tion he continued until his death, 
which occurred at Washington, 
August 30, 1845. 

THURSTON, THOMAS R. 

He was born in Maine ; gra- 
duated at Bowdoin College in 1843, 
and was a Delegate in Congress, 
from the Territory of Oregon, from 
1849 to 1851. He died on board 
the steamer California, on her pas- 
sage from Panama to San Fran- 
cisco, April 9, 1851. 

TIBBATTS, JOHN W. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1847. 

TIBBETS, GEORGE. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1803 
to 1805, and a member of the State 
Assembly, from Rensselaer County, 
in 1802 and 1820, and of the State 
Senate, from 1815 to 1818. 

TICHENOR, ISAAC. 

He was born in 1754 ; graduated 
at Princeton College in 1775 ; and 



476 



Biographical Sketches. 



died at Bennington, Yermont, in 
December, 1838. He was an officer 
of the Bevolution ; a Judge of the 
Supreme Court of Vermont ; a Re- 
presentative in the State Legisla- 
ture ; and a Senator in Congress, 
during the sessions of 1Y96 and. 
lt9Y ; Governor of Vermont from 
1197 to 1808, and again in the 
United States Senate, from 1815 
to 1821. 

TIFFIN, EDWARD. 

He was born in 1165; was Go- 
vernor of Ohio from 1803 to 1801 ; 
and a Senator in Congress, from 
that State, from 1801 to 1809. He 
died in July, 1829. 

TILDEN, DANIEL R. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
having settled in Ohio, was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1843 to 1841. 

TILLINGHAST, JOSEPH L. 

Born in Taunton, Massachusetts, 
in 1191, and removed to Rhode 
Island in his boyhood. He gra- 
duated at Brown University in 1819, 
and in 1833 was elected a member 
of the Board of Trustees of that in- 
stitution. He studied law, and de- 
voted himself to its practice in Pro- 
vidence, with marked success, for 
thirty years ; and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Rhode Isl- 
and, from 1831 to 1843. He was 
also for many years a member of 
the State Legislature, and was 
elected Speaker on several occa- 



sions ; and to him was awarded the 
authorship of the free schools and 
improved judiciary systems of his 
native State. 

TILLINGHAST, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Rhode Island, from 1191 
to 1199, and again from 1801 to 
1803. 

TIPTON, JOHN. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Indiana, from 1832 to 1839 ; 
and died at Logansport, of apo- 
plexy, in 1839. 

TITUS, OBADIAH. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1831 
to 1839. 

TOD, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1821 to 1824. 

TODD, LEMUEL. 

Born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 
July 29, 1811 ; educated at Dickin- 
son College ; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1841, and 
practiced in his native town. In 
1854 he was elected a Representa- 
tive to the Thirty-fourth Congress. 

TOLAND, GEORGE W. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1831 
to 1843. 



Biographical Sketches. 



4/ / 



TOMLINSON, GIDEON. 

He was born at Stratford, Con- 
necticut, December 31, 1180, and 
graduated at Yale College in 1802. 
He studied law and practiced the 
profession in Fairfield. He was 
then called to public life, and in 
1818 was chosen a Representative 
in Congress, in which office he was 
continued till 182T. That year he 
was chosen Governor of Connecti- 
cut, and remained in that station 
until March, 1831, when, on being 
appointed a Senator of the United 
States, he resigned his office as Go- 
vernor. After six years service he 
returned to private life. Died Oc- 
tober 8, 1854, at Fairfield, Connec- 
ticut. 

TOMLINSON, THOMAS A. 

He was born in New York ; 
served in the State Assembly, from 
Essex County, in 1835 and 1836, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1841 to 1843. 

TOMPKINS, CALEB. 

He was born in Westchester 
County, New' York, and was a 
member of the New York Assem- 
bly, from that County, from 1804 to 
1806 ; and was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New 
York, from ISIT to 1821. 

TOMPKINS, C. B. 

Born in Belmont County, Ohio, 
November 8, 1810, and was edu- 
cated at the Ohio University, at 
Athens ; was bred a farmer, and 
afterwards studied law, having prac- 



ticed for twenty-two years; and 
was elected a Representative from 
Ohio to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Com- 
mittee on the Mihtia. 

TOMPKINS, CHRISTOPHER. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1831 to 
1835, and died at Glasgow, Ken- 
tucky, in 1845. 

TOMPKINS, DANIEL D. 

He was born in Westchester 
County, New York, June 21, 1774. 
His father was a farmer, and he 
was his seventh son. He graduated 
at Columbia College in 1795, then 
studied law, and was admitted to 
practice in the City of New York, 
in 1797. In 1831 he was a mem- 
ber of the Constitutional Conven- 
tion of the State, and also served 
in the State Legislature. He was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1805 to 1807, but re- 
signed, to accept an appointment as 
Associate Judge of the Supreme 
Court of the State. In 1807 he 
was elected Governor of the State, 
and held that office ten years. His 
aid in support of the National Go- 
vernment, during the war of 1812, 
gave him prominence as a states- 
man. He prorogued the State 
Legislature, in 1812, for the space 
of ten months, to prevent the es- 
tablishment of the Bank of Ame- 
rica, in the City of New York; 
his opposition postponed, but did 
not defeat the measure, and a char- 
ter was granted in 1813. In 1817 



478 



Biographical Sketches. 



he resigned the office of Governor, 
and was elected Yice-President of 
the United States, and served two 
terms ; by virtue of which office he 
was also President of the Senate. 
He died in New York, June 11, 
1825. 

TOMPKINS, PATRICK W. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
settling in Mississippi, was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1841 to 1849. 

TOOMBS, ROBERT. 

He was born in Wilkes County, 
Georgia, July 2, 1810. The first 
three years of his collegiate life 
were spent at the University of 
Georgia, but he left it during the 
senior year, and went to Schenecta- 
dy, New York, and graduated at 
Union College. He read law at 
the University of Virginia, under 
Judge Lomas, and practiced it regu- 
larly until his election to Congress, 
in 1845. His first public service 
was as captain of volunteers, in the 
Creek war in 1836, under General 
Winfield Scott. In 1837 he was 
elected to the Legislature, from his 
native county, where he now re- 
sides, and with the exception of 
1841, continued a member of the 
lower branch, until his election to 
the Federal House of Representa- 
tives, where he served during the 
Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth, Thirty- 
first and Thirty-second Congresses. 
He entered the Senate during the 
Thirty-third Congress, for six years, 
and was re-elected for a second 



term, ending March 4, 1865. In 
the House, and also in the Senate, 
he has always served on important 
committees.* 

TOUCEY, ISAAC. 

He was born in Connecticut, in 
1798. He received a common 
school education ; adopted the pro- 
fession of law, and early in life was 
States Attorney for his native 
county. He was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1835 to 1839; in 
1846 was elected Governor of Con- 
necticut; in 1848 went into Presi- 
dent Polk's cabinet as Attorney- 
General; in 1850 he was elected to 
the State Senate of Connecticut ; 
he was a Senator in Congress from 
1852 to 1857 ; and in March of the 
latter year went into President Bu- 
chanan's cabinet as Secretary of the 
Navy, which position he continues 
to occupy at the present time. 

TOWNS, GEORGE W. B. 

Born in Wilkes County, Georgia, 
May 4, 1802. He was prevented, 
by ill health, from receiving a colle- 
giate education, and 'commenced life 
as a merchant, afterwards studied 
law, was admitted to the bar of Ala- 
bama in 1824, and for a time per- 
formed the duties of editor of a po- 
litical paper. In 1826 he returned 
to Georgia, and settled in Talbot 
County. He served for several 
years in both branches of the Le- 
gislature of that State, and was a 
Representative in Congress from 
1835 to 1839, and was re-elected in 
1846; his last public position was 



Biographical Sketches. 



479 



that of Governor of Georgia, to 
which office he was elected in 184Y, 
and was re-elected in 1849. He died 
at Macon, July 15, 1854. 

TOWNSEND, GEORGE. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1815 
to 1819. 

TOWNSEND, N. S. 

He was born in England, and 
having settled in Ohio, was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1851 to 1853. 

TRACY, ALBERT H. 

He was born in Norwich, Con- 
necticut, June It, 1793; received a 
good classical education ; studied 
medicine with his father, but when 
eighteen years of age he removed to 
New York State, studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1815; 
and he served three terms in Con- 
gress as a Representative from a 
district comprehending almost the 
whole of that part of New York 
west of Seneca Lake, from 1819 to 
1825; and in 1829 he was elected 
to the Senate of New York for four 
years, and was re-elected for a se- 
cond term of four years. 

TRACY, ANDREW. 

He was born in Vermont, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

TRACY, PHINEAS L. 

He graduated at Yale College in 
1806; and was a Representative in 



Congress, from Genesee County, 
New York, from 1827 to 1833, and 
was a member of the Committee on 
Expenditures on Public Buildings. 

TRACY, URI. 

He graduated at Yale College in 
1789 ; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1805 
to 1807, and again from 1809 to 
1813, and died in 1813. 

TRACY, URIAH. 

Born in Franklin, Connecticut, 
February 2, 1755 ; graduated at 
Yale College in 1778; read law in 
Litchfield, and settled in that town. 
He was often chosen a State Re- 
presentative, and in 1793 was 
Speaker of the House. He was a 
Representative in Congress from 
1793 to 1796, and from 1796 to 
1797 a Senator of the United States. 
He was also a major-general of mi- 
litia, commanded the respect and 
enjoyed the friendship of the leading 
men of his time ; and died at Wash- 
ington City, July 19, 1807, and was, 
the first person buried in the Con- 
gressional Burying-ground. 

TRAFTON, MARK. 

He was born in Maine, and elect- 
ed a Representative, from Massa- 
chusetts, to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress. 

TREADAVAY, WILLIAM M. 

He was born in Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1845 to 1847. 



480 



Biographical Sketches. 



TREDWELL, THOMAS. 

He was for seven years a member 
of the New York Assembly, from 
111Q to 1Y83, from Suffolk County, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1791 
to 1795. 

TREZVANT, JAMES. 

He was born in Sussex County, 
Virginia ; was a lawyer by profes- 
sion ; was Attorney for the State ; 
member of the State Legislature, 
and of the Constitutional Conven- 
tion of 1830; a Representative in 
Congress, from Yirginia, from 1825 
to 1831, serving during his last 
term as Chairman of the Committee 
on Military Pensions. He died in 
1838. 

TRIGG, ABRAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 1797 to 
1809. 

TRIGG, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yirginia, from 1797 
to 1804, 

TRIMBLE, DAVID. 

He was born in Frederick County, 
Yirginia, about the year 1782; edu- 
cated at William and Mary Col- 
lege ; studied law, and, when he 
came of age, removed to Kentucky. 
He was engaged in the war of 1812, 
serving two campaigns under Gene- 
ral Harrison. In 1817 he was 
chosen a member of Congress, from 
Kentucky, and served without in- 



terruption till 1827, being highly 
esteemed for the integrity of his 
principles and his devotion to his 
public duties. After his retirement 
from Congress, he became engaged 
in agriculture and the iron manu- 
facture, and in the latter interest he 
did much to develop the resources 
of the State. He died at Trimble's 
Furnace, Kentucky, October 26, 
1842. 

TRIMBLE, WILLIAM A. 

He was born in 1786 ; he served 
with credit in the army of the 
United States during the war of 
1812 ; occupied, as commander, 
several frontier posts ; was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Ohio, from 
1819 to 1821, having died Decem- 
ber 13, of the latter year. 

TRIPLETT, PHILIP. 

He was born in Yirginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Kentucky, from 1839 to 1843. 

TRIPPE, ROBERT P. 

He was born in Georgia, and was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, to the Thirty- 
fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses. 

TROTTER, JAMES. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Mississippi, during the years 
1828 and 1829. 

TROUP, GEORGE M. 

Born on the Tombigbee River, 
September, 1780 ; graduated at 
Princeton College ; studied law ; 



Biographical Sketches. 



481 



and in 1800 was elected to the Le- 
gislature of Georgia, and re-elected 
for four terms ; was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Georgia, from 
1807 to 1815, and a Senator from 
1816 to 1818, and from 1829 to 
1834. From 1823 to 1827 he was 
Governor of that State. He died 
in Laurens County, Georgia, May 
3, 1856. He was an advocate of 
State rights, and the champion of 
State sovereignty. 

TROUT, MICHAEL C. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative, in Con- 
gress, from that State, fromj 1853 to 
1855. T 



TRUMBO, ANDREW 

A native of Kentucky ; was born 
in Montgomery County, now Bath, 
September 13, 1799; Ik had a 
limited English education, and at 
the age of fifteen wentl into the 
County Clerk's office, andafterwards 
became clerk ; studied la'or, and com- 
menced to practice in A 824. He 
was a Representative inihe Twenty- 
ninth Congress, and oni of the Pre- 
sidential Electors of Kentucky, in 
1848. 

TRUMBULL, JO^IaTHAN. 

Born in Lebanon/, Connecticut, 
March 26, 1740, and graduated at 
Harvard College in 1759. In 1775 
he was appointed, by Congress, 
Paymaster in the Northern depart- 
ment of the army, and not long 
after was attached to the family of 
31 



Washington as secretary and first 
aid, with whom he continued until 
the close of the war. He was for 
several years a Representative in the 
State Legislature of Connecticut, 
and Speaker of the House ; was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1789 to 1795; 
elected Speaker of the House of 
Representatives in 1791, and con- 
tinued in that station till he was 
transferred to the IJnited States 
Senate, in 1795, where he served 
only one year, having been elected 
Lieutenant-Governor of Connecti- 
cut, and in 1798 Governor, in which 
position he remained until his death, 
which occurred August 7, 1809. 

TRUMBULL, JOSEPH. — 

Born in Lebanon, Connecticut, in 
1783; graduated at Yale College 
in 1801 ; studied law, aind practiced 
it with success, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Con- 
necticut, from 1839 to 1843. 

TRUMBULL, LYMAN. 

Born in Colchester, Connecticut, 
in 1813; is a lawyer by profession ; 
was a member of the Illinois Le- 
gislature in 1840, Secretary of State 
in 1841-42 ; Justice of the Supreme 
Court of Illinois, from 1848 to 1853; 
elected to the House of Represen- 
tatives of the United States, in 
1854, and chosen United States 
Senator, by the Illinois Legisla- 
ture, in 1855, and is a member of 
the Committees on the Judiciary 
and on the Patent-office. 



482 



Biographical Sketches. 



TUCK, AMOS. 

He was born in Maine; gra- 
duated at Dartmouth College in 
1835 ; was for some time a tutor in 
that institution ; and removing to 
New Hampshire, was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 184T to 1853. 

TUCKER, EBENEZER. 

He was born in New York, in 
1*758, but when a young man re- 
moved to New Jersey; he was a 
soldier in the revolutionary war, 
and served at the battle of Long 
Island ; he filled many offices of 
distinction and trust, among them 
those of Collector and Postmaster 
in New Jersey, and he was a mem- 
ber of Congress, from New Jersey, 
from 1825 to 1829. He also held 
the offices of Judge of the Com- 
mon Pleas, Justice of the Court of 
Quarter Sessions, and Judge of the 
Orphans' Court. He died at Tuck- 
erton, New Jersey, September 5, 
1845. 

TUCKER, GEORGE. ■ 

He was a native of Virginia, and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1819 to 1825. 

TUCKER, HENRY ST. GEORGE. 

Born in Yirginia in 17Y9 ; re- 
ceived a liberal education, and be- 
came a prominent lawyer. He was 
at one time President of the Court 
of Appeals ; also Professor of Law 
in the University of Virginia; the 
author of several valuable works on 
law ; and a Representative in Con- 



gress, from Yirginia, from 1815 to 
1819. He died at Winchester, 
Yirginia, August 28, 1848. 

TUCKER, STARLING. 

He was born in Halifax County, 
North Carolina, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from the 
Laurens District of South Caro- 
lina, from 1811 to 1831. He died 
February 4, 1834. 

TUCKER, THOMAS T. 

He was a Delegate to the Con- 
tinental Congress, from 1781 to 
1188; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from South Carolina, 
from 1789 to 1193. 

TUCKER, TILGHMAN W. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Mississippi, from 1843 
to 1845. 

TURNER, CHARLES. 

Graduated at Harvard University 
in 1152, studied for the ministry, 
and settled in Duxbury, Massachu- 
setts ; was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from Massachusetts, 
serving from 1809 to 1813, and 
died in 1816, aged about sixty-six 
years. 

TURNER, DANIEL. 

Born in Warren County, North 
Carolina, September 26, 1196. He 
commenced his education at War- 
renton Academy; completed it at 
West Point; in 1814 was appoint- 
ed lieutenant of artillery, as such, 



Biographical Sketches. 



488 



served at Brooklyn Heights, and 
at Plattsburg, and resigned in 1815; 
after leaving the army, he spent 
two years at William and Mary 
College; from 1819 to 1823 he 
served in the Legislature of North 
Carolina; and was a member of 
Congress, from 1827 to 1829. He 
subsequently had charge of the 
Warrenton Female Seminary. 

TURNER, JAMES. 

Born in Virginia, in the year 
1166. His education was such as 
could be afforded by the common 
schools of the country -^ he served 
in the Revolution as a private sol- 
dier ; entered public life in 1800, as 
a member of the Legislature of 
North Carolina; in 1802 was elect- 
ed Governor of the State ; and was 
a Senator in Congress, from 1805 
to 1816. He died at Bloomsbury, 
January 15, 1824, much respected 
for his talents and personal worth. 

TURNER, JAMES. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 1837. 

TURNER, THOMAS J. 

Born in Trumbull County, Ohio, 
April 5, 1815, where he resided 
until ten years of age, receiving all 
his school education within that 
time. In 1825 he removed with his 
father's family to Butler County, 
Pennsylvania, where he worked on 
a farm until fourteen years old, 
when the destitute circumstances of 
his father compelled him to make 



unusual exertions to assist in the 
support of the family, which he did 
by working as a laborer on the 
Pennsylvania Canal, and contribut- 
' ed his earnings to his father until 
the age of eighteen. Leaving his 
father comfortable, he went to the 
"far West," and spent three years 
in St. Paul's County, Indiana, and 
finally settled in Freeport, Steven- 
son County, Illinois. He was made 
justice of the peace, which office he 
held for several years; in 1838 he 
studied law as a profession, and 
obtained a lucrative practice. In 
1842 he was elected Probate Jus- 
tice of the Peace, and in 1844 was 
appointed Postmaster. In 1845 
he was chosen States Attorney for 
the Sixth Judicial District, and in 
1846 he was elected a Representa- 
tive in the Thirtieth Congress. 
In 1854 he was a member of the 
Lower House of the Legislature, 
and chosen Speaker. Since that 
time he has devoted himself to the 
practice of law. 

TURNEY, HOPKINS L. 

Born in Smith County, Tennessee, 
October 3, 1797. He was in his 
boyhood bound to a tailor, and 
served at that business several 
years; in 1818 he entered upon 
the campaign against the Seminole 
Indians ; he did not learn to write 
until twenty-two years of age, and 
yet soon after studied law, and was 
very successful at the bar ; he 
served about ten years in the Le- 
gislature, from 1828 to 1838, and 
he was a Representative in Con- 



484 



Biographical Sketches. 



gress, from Tennessee, from 183T 
to 1843, and in the Senate of the 
United States, from 1845 to 1851. 
^ He died in Winchester, Tennessee, 
August 1, 1857, leaving behind him 
a high reputation for his abilities 
and virtues. 

TURRELL, JOEL. 

He was born in Vermont, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1833 to 1837, 
having been a member of the State 
Assembly, from Oswego County, 
in 1831. 

TWEED, WILLIAM M. 

Born in the City of New York, 
April 3, 1823 ; received a common 
school education ; is by occupation 
a chair manufacturer ; was a city 
alderman in New York in 1852 ; 
a member of the Thirty-third Con- 
gress ; a member of the State 
Board of Education in 1857 ; and:^ 
a Supervisor of New York County' 
in 1858.' t^^T^t^'/v- c/'f-i.itiu^f^'.i^i^ 

TWEEDY, SAMUEL. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 1835. 

TYLER, ASHER. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 
1845. 

TYLER, JOHN. 

Born in Charles City County, 
Yirginia, in 1790. He commenced 
his political life at an early age, 



having been elected to the "Virginia 
Legislature at the age of twenty- 
one years, and five years later to 
Congress. In 1826 he was elevated 
to the station of Governor of his 
native State. He discharged the 
duties of his office but one year and 
a half, when the Legislature select- 
ed him to fill a vacancy in the Se- 
nate of the United States. He 
served in this capacity until a dif- 
ference of opinion having arisen 
between Genei'al Jackson and him- 
self, he resigned his seat, and went 
into voluntary retirement. Mr. 
Tyler did not again make his ap- 
pearance in public life until 1840, 
when he was selected by the Whig 
party as their candidate for Vice- 
President. He was elected to that 
office by a large majority, and en- 
tered upon the discharge of his du- 
ties in March, 1841, when the 
death of the President, General 
Harrison, shortly after, raised him 
to the chief magistracy of the Re- 
public. His term of oifice expired 
in 1845, since which time he has 
been living in retirement in Vir- 
ginia. 

TYSON, JACOB. 

He was a member of the New 
York Senate, from Richmond Coun- 
ty, in 1828, and a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 
1828 to 1825. 

TYSON, JOB R. 

He was born in Montgomery 
County, Pennsylvania, in 1804, and 
died near Philadelphia, in 1858. 



Biographical Sketches. 



485 



He was educated a lawyer, fre- 
quently served in the City Councils 
of Philadelphia, and was a member 
of the Twenty-fourth Congress. 
He commanded uncommon influ- 
ence in Congress, and was a man of 
refined tastes in literature and the 
fine arts. He also served in the 
Legislature of Pennsylvania, and 
through his exertions the archives 
of that State were first published. 

UDREE, DANIEL. 

He was born in Philadelphia, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1813 to 1815, from 1819 to 1821, 
and from 1823 to 1825. 

UNDERHILL, WALTER. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative, in Congress, 
from that State, from 1849 to 1851. 

UNDERWOOD, JOSEPH R. 

Born in Goochland County, Vir- 
ginia, October 24, It 91. He was 
adopted by his maternal uncle in 
1803, whoresided in Barren County, 
Kentucky. He received his educa- 
tion at various schools in that State, 
and ended his scholastic course at 
the University of Lexington, in 
1811 ; and then read law with Ro- 
bert Wickliffe. In 1 8 1 3 he entered 
the service of the United States, as 
lieutenant of a volunteer company, 
and was badly wounded and taken 
by the enemy at Dudley's defeat, 
commanding his company after the 
captain was mortally wounded. 
He was released from captivity, and 



landed from the prison-ships on 
Lake Erie, near Cleveland, where 
he was lodged in a hospitable cabin 
until sufficiently recovered to return 
home. In the fall of 1813 he lo- 
cated at Glasgow, Kentucky, and 
practiced law for ten years, during 
which time he was Trustee of the 
town, and County Attorney ; and 
was a member of the Legislature 
from 1816 to 1819. In 1823 he re- 
moved, with his family, to Bowling 
Green, and was elected a member 
of the General Assembly in 1825 
and 1826. From 1828 to 1835 he 
was Judge of the Court of Ap- 
peals, and resigned on being elec- 
ted a Representative in Congress, 
in which position he served for ten 
sessions. In 1846 he was again 
elected to the Legislature of Ken- 
tucky, and was Speaker of the 
House. In 1847 he was elected a 
jnember of the United States Se- 
late, for six years, and at the expi- 
S/tion of the term returned to the 
iractice of law. In 1824 and in 
1844 he was a Presidential Elector. 

UNDERWOOD, WARNER L. 

Born in Goochland County, Vir- 
ginia, August t, 1808 ; graduated 
at the University of Virginia, where 
he received the first honors in the 
studies of law, mathematics, and 
the modern languages, in 1830. He 
removed to Bowling Green County, 
Kentucky, at the age of seventeen ; 
is a lawyer by profession, with an 
extensive practice. In 1833 he 
visited Texas, and spent most of 
the time, until 1840, in that Repub- 



486 



Biographical Sketches. 



lie. He was appointed, by Presi- 
dent Lamar, Attorney- General for 
the Eastern District of that Republic, 
but held the oflfice only a short time, 
and also declined the offer of a 
place in General Houston's cabinet, 
being unwilling to relinquish his ■ 
citizenship of the United States. In 
1848 he Avas a Representative in the 
Kentucky Legislature, and in 1849 
a member of the State Senate ; and 
was elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con- 
gresses, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Engraving. 

UPMAN, CHARLES W. 
Born in St, John, ISTew Bruns- 
wick, May 4, 1802. He commenced 
life by becoming a merchant's clerk ; 
graduated at Harvard College in 
1821 ; in 1824 he was settled over 
the first church in Salem, Massa 
chusetts ; and in 1844 he reli 
quished the ministry on accoun^ 
loss of voice. He has also, at 
ferent times, edited the Christian 
Review, (Unitarian ; ) was Mayor of 
Salem; in 1840 and 1850 was in 
the State Legislature; in 1851 
President of the Senate ; and he 
was a member of the Thirty-third 
Congress, serving upon the Com- 
mittee on Post-roads and the Post- 
office, and was Chairman of a Spe- 
cial Committee on the Smithsonian 
Institution. As an author he has 
been industrious, and among his 
publications are the following : 
" Letters on the Logos," " Lectures 
on Witchcraft," "Life of Sir Henry 
Yane," and " Life of John C. Fre- 
mont." 



slin^. 

i 



UPHAM, GEORGE B. 

He graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity in 1Y89 ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New 
Hampshire, from 1801 to 1803. 
He died in 1848. 

UPHAM, JABEZ. 

He was born in Massachusetts ; 
graduated at Harvard University 
in 1785 ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 
1807 to 1810. He died in 1811. 

UPHAM, NATHANIEL. 

Born in Deerfield, Rockingham 
County, ISTew Hampshire, June 9, 
1774. He was educated at the 
schools of his native town, and at 
Phillips's Exeter Academy. At an 
early age he engaged in mercantile 
pursuits. He was a member of the 
Legislature of New Hampshire, and 
of the Governor's Council ; and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1817 to 1823. 

UPHAM, WILLIAM. 

He was born at Leicester, Mas- 
sachusetts, in 1792; in 1802 re- 
moved with his father to Vermont ; 
spent some time in the University 
of Yermont ; and was a lawyer by 
profession. He was a member of 
the Yermont Assembly in 1827, 
1828, and 1830 ; and was States 
Attorney, for Washington County, 
in 1829. He was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from 1843 to the time of his 
death, which occurred in Washing- 
ton City, January 14, 1853. 



Biographical Sketches. 



487 



VAIL, GEORGE. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, for the terms between 
1853 and IS51. 

VAIL, HENRY. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1837 to 1839. 

VALK, WILLIAM W. 

He was born in South Carolina, 
and, on removing to New York, 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1855 to 1857. 

VALLANDIGHAM, CLEMENT L. 

He came of a Huguenot family, 
and was born in New Lisbon, Co- 
lumbia County, Ohio, in 1822. He 
received a good education ; spent 
one year in Jefferson College, in 
Ohio ; spent two years as principa 
of an academy at Snow Hill, Mary 
land; returned to Ohio in 1840 
studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1842 ; was elected to the 
State Legislature in 1845 and 1846 ; 
was editor of the Dayton Empire 
from 1847 to 1849 ; for some years 
subsequent to that date he devoted 
himself wholly to his profession and 
politics ; was a member of the Na- 
tional Democratic Convention held 
at Cincinnati in 1856 ; ran for the 
Thirty-fifth Congress against Hon. 
L. C. Campbell, whose seat he suc- 
cessfully contested; and he has 
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress. At the commencement 
of the second session of the Thirty- 



fifth Congress, he was placed on the 
Committee on Territories. 

VAN ALLEN, JAMES I. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1807 
to 1809, having been a member of 
the State Assembly, in 1804, from 
Columbia County. 

VAN ALLEN, JOHN E. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1793 to 
1799, and was a member of the 
State Assembly in 1800 and 1801, 
from Rensselaer County. 

VAN EUREN, JOHN. 

He was one of the ablest lawyers 
of the Ulster County bar, in New 
York, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1841 to 1843. He died 
at Kingston, January 16, 1855. 



» 



VAN BUREN, MARTIN. 

Was born at Kinderhook, New 
York, December 5, 1782. His 
father's circumstances were hum- 
ble, and the son was only able to 
obtain an ordinary education at the 
common school and academy of his 
native village. In 1796 he left the 
academy, and commenced the study 
of law. In 1800 he represented 
the Republicans of his native town 
in the Congressional Convention for 
that district. A part of the years 
1802 and 1803 he spent in New 
York, still engaged in the study of 
his profession, and in November of 
the latter year he was admitted to 
the bar. He still continued to take 



488 



Biographical Sketches. 



an active part in politics. The first 
official distinction which he received 
was conferred upon him by Go- 
vernor Tompkins, who appointed 
him Surrogate of Columbia Coun- 
ty, in 1808. He took his next step 
in public life in 1812. In the spring 
of that year he was elected to the 
State Senate. He continued a mem- 
ber of that body until 1820, having 
been, during that period, a sup- 
porter of the war and the canal pro- 
ject. A portion of this time he 
also held the office of Attorney- 
General. He was a member of the 
Constitutional Convention of the 
State of New York, in 1821, and 
in February of the same year he 
was elected to the United States 
Senate, and re-elected in 1827. 
The following year the guberna- 
torial chair of the State of New 
York became vacant, by the death 
of Governor Clinton, and Mr. Van 
Buren was selected as the candi^ 
date for that office, by the Demo-j 
cratic party of the State. He was 
elected, but his career as Governor 
was brief. Scarcely was his ad- 
ministration commenced, when Pre- 
sident Jackson offered him the ap- 
pointment' of Secretary of State, 
and Mr. Yan Buren at once ac- 
cepted it. The President appointed 
him Ambassador to England, but the 
Senate refused to confirm the nomi- 
nation. He received a large ma- 
jority of the electoral votes for Yice- 
President in 1832, which office he 
continued to fill during President 
Jackson's term. In 1836 he was 
nominated for the office of Presi- 



dent, and elected. The principal 
measure of his administration was 
the establishment of the Independ- 
ent Treasury. In 1840 he was 
again nominated for the same office, 
but defeated by the Whig candi- 
date. General Harrison. Since the 
close of his Presidential term, in 
1841, he has been living in retire- 
ment at Kinderhook, his place of 
birth, on an estate to which he has 
given the name of Lindenwald. In 
1848 he was the Presidential candi- 
date of the section of the Demo- 
cratic party styling themselves 
" Barnburners," or, on that occa- 
sion, " Free-Soilers," but was un- 
successful. 

VANCE, JOSEPH. 

He was one of the earliest resi- 
dents of the State of Ohio ; served 
frequently in the Legislature of that 
State; was a Bepresentative in 
kCongress, from 1821 to 1835; Go- 
pernor of the State in 1836; and 
again in Congress, from 1843 to 
184Y, serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on Claims. In every 
public position he acquitted himself 
with ability, and died near the town 
of Alabama, Ohio, August 24, 1851. 

VANCE, ROBERT B. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
and was a Bepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1823 to 
1825. 

VANCE, Z. B. 

He was born in Buncombe Coun- 
ty, North Carolina, May 13, 1830 ; 



Biographical Sketches. 



489 



received a limited education, and 
spent one year at the State Univer- 
sity, through the friendship of its 
distinguished President ; he studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1853 ; in 1854 he was elected to 
the Legislature, from Buncombe 
County ; and, on the resignation of 
Hon. T. L. Clingman, in 1858, he 
was elected to succeed him in the 
Federal House of Representatives. 

VAN CORTLANDT, PHILIP. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly, from Westchester 
County, in 1788, 1789, and 1790 ; of 
the State Senate, from 1791 to 
1794; and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1793 
to 1809. 

VAN CORTLANDT, PIERRE. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1811 
to 1813, having been a member of 
the State Assembly in 1777. 

VANDERPO^L, AARON. 

He was born at Kinderhook, New 
York, February 5, 1799 ; received 
a classical education ; he studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1820; he served in 1825, 1829, 
and 1830, in the State Legislature ; 
and he was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1833 to 1837, and 
again from 1839 to 1841. On his 
retirement from Congi-ess he settled 
in New York City, and was ap- 
pointed one of the Judges of the 
Supreme Court, which office he 



held until 1850. From the cha- 
racter of his oratory, he was known 
among his constituents as the "Kin- 
derhook Roarer." 

VANDERVEER, ABRAHAM. 

He was born in New York ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1837 to 1839. 

VAN DYKE, JOHN. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1847 to 1851. 

VAN DYKE, NICHOLAS. 

He graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1788 ; was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1807 to 1811; 
a Senator in Congress, from 1817 
to 1826 ; and died in May, 1826. 

VAN GAASBECK, PETER. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1793 
to 1795. 

VAN HORNE, ARCHIBALD. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1807 to 
1811. 

VAN HORNE, ESPY. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1825 
to 1829. 

VAN HORNE, ISAAC. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1801 
to 1805, and was then appointed 
Receiver of *Public Moneys in 
Zanesville, Ohio. 



490 



lOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



VAN HOUTON, ISAAC. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1833 
to 1835. 

VAN METRE, JOPIN J. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1843 to 1845, 
and was a member of the Commit- 
tee on Expenses in the Navy De- 
partment. 

VAN NESS, JOHN P. 

He was born in Ghent, Columbia 
County, New York, in 1110. He 
was educated at Columbia College, 
and studied law, but gave up the 
practice on account of ill health. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress from 1801 to 1803 ; and, hav- 
ing taken up his residence in Wash- 
ington City, became the first Presi- 
dent of the Bank of the Metropolis, 
in 1814; he was also elected Mayor 
of Washington, and both as a pub- 
lic and private citizen did much to 
promote the prosperity of the seat 
of Government. While a member 
of Congress he received, from 
President Jefferson, a commission 
as major of militia for the District 
of Columbia, which, with the fact 
that he married a Washington lady, 
was the cause of his change of resi- 
dence. He died in Washington, 
March 7, 1846. 

VAN RENSSELAER, HENRY. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1843. 



VAN RENSSELAER, JEREMIAH. 

He was born in 1141 ; was a pa- 
triot of the Revolution ; Lieute- 
nant-Governor of New York; a 
member of Congress, from that 
State, from 1189 to 1191. He died 
in Albany, February 22, 1810. 

VAN RENSSELAER, SOLOMON. 

He was born in Rensselaer 
County, New York, in 1114; he 
served as an officer under General 
Wayne, in 1194, and was wounded 
through the lungs, and received 
four wounds at the battle of Queens- 
town Heights. In 1199 he was 
promoted to the rank of major. 
He was Adjutant-General of New 
York from 1801 to 1810, and in 
1813. He was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1819 to 1822, when he was ap- 
pointed Postmaster at Albany. He 
died near Albany, April 23, 1852. 

VAN RENSSELAER, STEPHEN. 

He was born in the City of New 
York, in November, 1164, and gra- 
duated at the University in Cam- 
bridge, Massachusetts, in 1182 ; 
was elected a member of the New 
York Senate in 1195 ; was six years 
Lieutenant-Governor of New York ; 
a member of Congress from 1822 to 
1829; was appointed, in 1810, one 
of the Canal Commissioners, and, 
for the last fourteen years of his 
life, was President of the Board; 
and, during the last war with Eng- 
land, he commanded, with reputa- 
tion, as major-general on the Nia- 
gara frontier. He was distinguished 



Biographical Sketches. 



491 



for his wealth and munificent chari- 
ties, and enjoyed the inherited title 
of Patroon. He died at Albany, 
January 26, 1839. 

VAN RENSSELAER, WILLIAM. 

He was born in 1763; was a 
member of Congress, from New. 
York, from 1801 to 1811, after 
which he retired to private life, and 
died in New York City, June 18, 
1845. 

VAN WYCK, WILLIAM. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1821 to 1825. 

VANZANT, JOSHUA. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1853 to 1855 ; 
was also for many years President 
of the Maryland Institute. 

VARNUM, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1825 to 1831. He was a native of 
Massachusetts; educated at Har- 
vard University ; practiced law for 
some years at Haverhill, Massachu- 
setts, was frequently a member of 
the State Legislature. He removed 
to Niles, in the State of Michigan, 
where he died, July 23, 1836, aged 
sixty-three years. 

VARNUM, JOSEPH BRADLEY. 

Born in 1759, in Dracut, Massa- 
chusetts; he was a general in the 
revolutionary war, and a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1795 to 



1811, being four years Speaker, 
during the Tenth and Eleventh 
Congresses. He was chosen Sena- 
tor in 1811, and served till 1817. 
Of three conventions of Massachu- 
setts he was a useful member ; he 
died suddenly, September 11, 1821, 
being then major-general of a divi- 
sion of the militia. 

VENABLE, ABRAHAM B. 

He was a graduate of Princeton 
College in 1780; a Representative 
in Congress, from Yirginia, from 
1791 to 1799, and a Senator of the 
United States, from 1803 to 1804. 
He perished in the conflagration of 
the theatre at Richmond, Yirginia, 
December 26, 1811. 

VENABLE, ABRAHAM W. 

Born in Prince Edward County, 
Yirginia, October 17, 1799; gra- 
duated at Hampden Sidney College 
in 1816; studied medicine for two 
years, and then went to Princeton 
College, where he graduated in 
1819; he then studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in North 
Carolina, in 1821. He was a Pre- 
sidential Elector in 1832, and also in 
1836 ; and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from North Carolina, from 
1847 to 1853. His father and six 
uncles were in the revolutionary 
war, serving their country faithfully. 

VERPLANCK, DANIEL C. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1803 to 
1809. 



492 



Biographical Sketches. 



VERPLANCK, JULIAN C. 

An American author, and born in 
the City of New York. He gradu- 
ated at Columbia College, pursued 
the study of the law, and, after his 
admission to the bar, he passed se- 
veral years abroad, in Great Britain 
and on the continent. On his re- 
turn home, he became interested in 
politics, and, in 1814, was a candi- 
date of the "malcontents" in New 
York for the Assembly. In 1819 
he wrote the "State Triumvirate, a 
Political Tale," being a satire on 
the political parties of the day, and 
other works of a similar descrip- 
tion. In 1820 he was a prominent 
member of the New York Legisla- 
ture, in which he was Chairman of 
the Committee on Education. He 
soon after became Professor of the 
Evidences of Christianity, in the 
Theological Seminary of the Pro- 
testant Episcopal Church in New 
York, and, in 1824, he published 
his "Essays on the Nature and Uses 
of the various Evidences of Re- 
vealed Religion," a work written 
with simplicity and elegance. The 
following year appeared his "Es- 
say on the Doctrine of Contracts, 
being an Inquiry how Contracts are 
affected, in Law and Morals, by 
Concealment, Error, or Inadequate 
Price." Besides these works, he 
contributed much to various maga- 
zines, and in conjunction with Mr. 
Bryant and Mr. Sands, he published 
the Talisman, a sort of annual, 
three volumes of which appeared. 
From 1825 he was for eight years 
a member of Congress, from the 



City of New York, and he was after- 
wards, for several years a member 
of the New York Senate. He also 
published, in 1833, a collection of 
his discourses and addresses on vari- 
ous subjects, and in 1844-46, a 
handsome edition of Shakspeare. 

VINING, JOHN 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Delaware, from 1189 to 
1192, and a Senator in Congress, 
from 1193 to 1198. He had previ- 
ously been elected a Delegate to 
the Continental Congress, from 
1184 to 1186. 

VINTON, SAMUEL F. 

Born at South Hadley, Massa- 
chusetts, September 25, 1192. He 
graduated at Williams College, 
Massachusetts, in 1814 ; studied 
law in Middletown, Connecticut, 
and was admitted to the bar in 
1816, when he removed to Ohio, 
and practiced his profession with 
eminent success. He was first 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, in 1823, and served fourteen 
years, when he declined a re-elec- 
tion; he was re-elected in 1843, 
and served eight years in succes- 
sion, when he again declined a re- 
election, and retired to private life, 
where his tastes and wishes incline 
him to remain. While in Congress, 
Mr. Vinton served as chairman of 
several of the most important com- 
mittees. 

VOSB, ROGER 

He graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity in 1190 ; was a Representa- 



Biographical Sketches. 



493 



tive in Congress, from New Hamp- 
shire, from 1813 to 1817 ; and died 
in 1841. 

VROOM, PETER D. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1839 to 1841. 
He was also Governor of New Jer- 
sey, from 1829 to 1832, and for a 
second terra, from 1833 to 1836. In 
1853 be was appointed Minister to 
Prussia. 

WADE, BENJAMIN F. 

He was born in Feeding Hills 
parish, Massachusetts, October 27, 
1800 ; received a limited education, 
and commenced active life by teach- 
ing school and attending to agricul- 
tural pursuits, in Ohio, to which he 
removed when twenty-one years of 
age ; he studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1828; and he 
was elected a Senator in Congress, 
from Ohio, in 1851, for the term 
ending in 1857, and re-elected for 
a second term, ending in 1863. The 
other public positions held by him 
are, Justice of the Peace, Prosecut- 
ing Attorney for Ashtabula Coun- 
ty, State Senator, and President of 
a Judicial Circuit. He is at pre- 
sent a member of the Committee 
on Territories, in the Senate. 

WADE, EDWARD. 

He was born in West Springfield, 
Massachusetts, November 22, 1803, 
and received a common school edu- 
cation ; he removed with his father 
to Andover, Ashtabula County, 



Ohio, in 1821, where he remained 
until 1824, and engaged in clearing 
the land. He studied law in Alba- 
ny and Troy, New York, and was 
admitted to the bar in Jefferson, 
Ohio, in 1827, and was elected jus- 
tice of the peace in that county ; in 
1832 he removed to Unionville, and 
remained until 1837, and finally set- 
tled in Cleveland. He was elected 
a Representative, from Ohio, in the 
Thirty-third Congress, to which po- 
sition he has been re-elected to the 
present time, and has also been re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress. He is a member of the Com- 
mittee on Commerce. 

WADSWORTH, JEREMIAH. 

He was a Delegate, from Con- 
necticut, to the Continental Con- 
gress, from 1786 to 1788, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1789 to 1795. 

WADSWORTH, PELEG. 

"Was born in Duxbury, Massachu- 
setts, May 6, 1748; graduated at 
Harvard College in 1769, and after- 
wards engaged in commercial pur- 
suits. He joined the army as cap- 
tain of a company of minute men, 
at Roxbury, in the beginning of the 
war, and by his skill and courage, 
rose rapidly in the service. He was 
second in command of "the forces 
sent to Penobscot by Massachusetts, 
in 1779, on which occasion he dis- 
played great courage, and was 
taken prisoner. He rose to the 
rank of brigadier-general. After 
the war, in 1784, he established 



494 



Biographical Sketches. 



himself in Portland, Maine, in mer- 
cantile business ; and was employed 
much in surveying, in which he was 
quite skillful. In 1122 he was elect- 
ed a Senator to the Legislature of 
Massachusetts, and the same year 
was chosen to Congress the first 
Representative from his district. 
He was successively re-elected until 
1806, when he declined a further 
nomination. In 1798, the citizens 
of Portland gave him a public din- 
ner in approbation of his conduct as 
their Representative. In 1807 he 
removed to the County of Oxford, 
Maine, to improve a large tract of 
land granted to him by government, 
for his services. Here he passed 
the remainder of his days in retire- 
ment, enjoying the respect of a 
large circle of his friends and fellow- 
citizens. He died in 1829. 

' WAGENER, D. D. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 1841. 

WAGGAMANN, GEORGE A. 

He was Secretary of State of 
Louisiana, under three administra- 
tions ; held various other public posi- 
tions, and was a Senator in Congress, 
from 1831 to 1835 He died at 
New Orleans, March 23, 1843, from 
the effects of a wound received in a 
duel, aged fifty-three years. 

WAGNER, PETER J. 

He was born in TsTew York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1839 to 1841. 



WAKEMAN, ABRAM. 

Born in Fairfield, Connecticut, 
May 31, 1824. He received a dis- 
trict school education; when six- 
teen years of age he removed to New 
Rochelle, New York, and taught 
school; he subsequently attended 
an academy in Herkimer County, 
as pupil, working a part of the time 
on a farm to pay his expenses; he 
then went into the wilderness and 
took charge of a saw-mill; after 
that he went into the business of 
selling books by subscription, tra- 
veling through much of the Union; 
in 1844 he commenced the study of 
the law in Herkimer County, New 
York ; went to New York City in 
1846, and was admitted to the bar in 
1847 ; in 1850 he was elected to the 
Legislature ; re-elected in 1851 ; in 
1854 was elected an alderman in 
New York, serving two years ; and 
in 1856 was elected a Representa- 
tive to the Thirty-fifth Congress. 
He has also frequently served as a 
member of State conventions. 



WALBRIDGE, DAVID S. 

Born in Bennington, Vermont, 
July 30, 1802; received his educa- 
tion from the common schools of the 
vicinity ; has devoted himself to the 
various employments of the farmer, 
the merchant, and the miller ; he re- 
moved to Michigan in 1842; and 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, in 1854, 
in which capacity he is still serving 
his adopted State, and is a member 
of the Committee on Public Lands. 



Biographical Sketches. 



495 



WALBRIDGE, HENRY S. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1851 
to 1853. 

AVALBRIDGE, HIRAM. 

Born at Ithica, Tompkins Coun- 
ty, New York, February 2, 1821 ; 
commenced life by learning the 
trade of a mechanic ; subsequently 
received a good education at the 
Ohio University; when twenty- 
three years of age was elected briga- 
dier-general of the Ohio militia; 
and removing to New York City, 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, serving 
from 1853 to 1855. 

WALDEN, HIRAM. 

He was born in Rutland County, 
"Vermont, August 29, 1800; re- 
ceived a limited education, and hav- 
ing removed with his father to New 
York, devoted himself to the busi- 
ness of cloth dressing and wool 
carding; he took an interest in 
military affairs, and attained the 
office of major-general of militia ; 
in 1836 he was elected to the State 
Legislature ; in 1842 he was elect- 
ed a supervisor in the County of 
Schoharie ; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New York, 
from 1849 to 1851. 

WALDO, LORIN P. 

Was born in Canterbury, "Wind- 
ham County, Connecticut, February 
2, 1802; received a thorough 
English education in the common 
schools, and pursued the study of 



the classics to some extent under 
private instructors ; read law, and 
was admitted to practice in the 
courts of the State of Connecticut, 
in September, 1825; located in 
Tolland County, Connecticut, where 
he was States Attorney from 1837 
to 1849; was two years Judge of 
the Court of Probate in his district, 
and six years a member of the Le- 
gislature of his State. In April, 
1849, he was elected to the Thirty- 
first Congress, and served the term. 
In 1852 he was elected Commis- 
sioner of the School Fund of Con- 
necticut ; was in March, 1853, ap- 
pointed, by President Pierce, Com- 
missioner of Pensions, and in June, 
1855, was elected, by the Legisla- 
ture of Connecticut, to the office of 
Judge of the Supreme Court, which 
office he now holds. 

WALDRON, HENRY. 

He was born in Albany, New 
York, October 11, 1819; graduated 
at Rutgers's College, New Bruns- 
wick, New Jersey, in July, 1836; be- 
came a civil engineer by profession ; 
was elected to the Legislature of 
Michigan in 1843; and served as 
a Representative in Congress, dur- 
ing the years 1855, 1856, 1857, 
and 1858 ; and is a member of the 
Committee on Mileage. He has 
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress. 

WALES, GEORGE E. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Vermont, from 1825 to 
1829. 



496 



Biographical Sketches. 



WALES, JOHN. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Delaware, from 1849 to 1851. 

WALKER, BENJAMIN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1801 
to 1803. 

WALKER, DAVID. 

He was a Representative, in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1811 to 
1820. 

WALKER, FELIX. 

He was born in Hampshire Coun- 
ty, Virginia, July 19, 1153, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from North Carolina, from 1811 to 
1823 ; was the friend and com- 
panion of Daniel Boone, when he 
explored Kentucky and founded 
Boonesborough ; he served as a sol- 
dier in the Indian wars in the Ca- 
rolinas; settled in Tryon County, 
North Carolina ; and was for many 
years in the State Legislature ; and 
subsequently removing to the State 
of Mississippi, he died there in 
1830. 

WALKER, FRANCIS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from North Carolina, from 
1193 to 1195. 

WALKER, FREEMAN. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Georgia, from 1819 to 1821, 

WALKER, GEORGE. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Kentucky, from 1814 to 1815. 



AVALKER, ISAAC P. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Wisconsin, from 1848 to 1855, 
and Chairman of the Committee on 
Revolutionary Claims. 

WALKER, JOHN. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Virginia, during the year 
1190. 

WALKER, JOHN. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Georgia, from 1190 to 1191. 

WALKER, JOHN W. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Alabama, from 1819 to 1822, 
and died in April, 1823. 

WALKER, PERCY. 

Born near Huntsville, Alabama ; 
received an academic education, 
and in 1835 graduated in the medi- 
cal department of the University of 
Pennsylvania, and removed to Mo- 
bile. He served as an officer in a 
volunteer company during the Creek 
war. He afterwards studied law as 
a profession, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1842 ; he was elected 
by the Legislature to the office of 
States Attorney for the Sixth Ju- 
dicial Circuit, which he held four 
years. In 1839, 1841, and 1853, 
he represented Mobile County in 
the General Assembly, and in 1855 
was elected a Representative from 
Alabama, to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress. At the next election he 
declined being a candidate, and re- 
sumed the practice of law. 



Biographical Sketches. 



497 



WALKER, ROBERT J. 

Was born at Northumberland, iu 
the State of Pennsylvania, in 1801. 
He entered the University of Penn- 
sylvania, in Philadelphia, where he 
graduated in 1819. On leaving 
College, he settled in Pittsburg, 
studied law, and was admitted to 
practice in 1821. He interested 
himself in politics at a very early 
period, and became chairman of a 
Democratic committee during a 
State election, when only twenty- 
two years of age. A year or two 
later he took part in the movement 
in favor of nominating General 
Jackson to the Presidency, and 
was instrumental in bringing about 
the action of the Harrisburg Con- 
vention, which nominated Jackson 
for that office in 1824. In the 
spring of 1826 he moved to the 
State of Mississippi. He uniformly 
refused every political office which 
was offered him, until 1834, when 
he consented to become a candidate 
for the office of United States Se- 
nator ; but the Whigs having a ma- 
jority in the State Senate, he was 
not elected. In 1836, however, he 
was more successful, and took his 
seat in the Senate shortly after. In 
that body he was one of the leaders 
of his party, and participated fully 
in the debates, uniformly support- 
ing the men and measures of the 
Democratic party. In March, 1845, 
on President Polk's accession to 
office, Mr. Walker was called upon 
to take charge of the Treasury De- 
partment, which he administered 
for four years. He subsequently 
82 



visited England, where he met with 
flattering attentions. After having 
been for some years out of the pale 
of politics, he was appointed, by 
President Buchanan, in 185Y, Go- 
vernor of the Territory of Kansas, 
which office he resigned, and has 
since occupied no public position. 

WALKER, WILLIAM A. 

He was born in New Hampshire, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
from New York, from 1853 to 
1855. 

WALL, GARRET D. 

Born in Monmouth County, New 
Jersey, March 10, 1T83; received 
an academical education, and in 
1798 commenced the study of law 
at Trenton ; in 1804 was licensed 
as an attorney, and in 180T as 
counselor-at-law. Was appointed 
Clerk of the Supreme Court in 
1812, which office he held for five 
years. He commanded a volunteer 
company at the defence of Sandy 
Hook, in the last war ; and was 
Quartermaster-general of the State 
from 1815 to 1837. In 1827 he 
was elected to the General Assem- 
bly. In 1829 was appointed United 
States District Attorney for New 
Jersey, and the same year elected 
Governor of the State, by the Le- 
gislature, but declined the appoint- 
ment. He was a member of the 
United States Senate, from 1835 to 
1841. In 1843 his health was 
greatly impaired by a stroke of 
paralysis, but in 1848 he was ap- 
pointed Judge of the Court of Errors 
and Appeals, which office he occu- 



498 



BlOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



pied until his death, which occurred 
in Burlington, New Jersey, Novem- 
ber 22, 1850. His disease was 
dropsy on the chest. , 

WALLACE, DANIEL. 

He was born in South Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 184T to 1853. 

WALLACE, DAVID. 

He was born in Indiana, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1843. 

WALLACE, JAMES M. 

He was born in Dauphin County, 
Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1815 to 1821. 

WALLET, SAMUEL H. 

Born in Boston, Massachusetts, 
August 31, 1805 ; fitted for College 
at Andover Academy ; graduated 
at Harvard College in 1826 ; stu- 
died law; officiated for twenty 
years as treasurer of a savings 
bank in Boston, for the benefit of 
seamen ; was also treasurer for a 
long time of a railroad in Vermont, 
and one in New York ; he was also 
a member of the State Legislature 
for eight sessions, and Speaker of 
the House for two years ; and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1853 to 1855. On his return from 
Washington, he was the Whig can- 
didate for Governor of Massachu- 
setts, but was defeated, since which 
time he has lived in retirement. 



WALN, EGBERT. 

He was a prominent merchant in 
Philadelphia, and a member of Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1*798 ' 
to 1801, and died January 24, 1836, 
aged seventy-one years. 

WALSH, MIKE. 

He was born in New York ; was 
for some years the editor of a news- 
paper in New York City ; and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1853 to 1855. 

WALSH, THOMAS Y. 

He was a native of Maryland, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1851 to 1853. 

WALTON, E. P. 

Born at Montpelier, Vermont, 
February 1*7, 1812; studied law, 
but was a practical printer and edi- 
tor, having for several years edited 
the Vermont Watchman; he served 
in the State Legislature, as Repre- 
sentative, one term ; and was then 
elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Public 
Expenditures. He has also been 
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress. 

WALTON, GEORGE. 

He was a native of Virginia, born 
in 1140 ; he served an apprentice- 
ship to the carpenter's trade, after 
the expiration of which he removed 
to Georgia, studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1174. He 
was one of the signers of the Decla- 



BioaRAPHicAL Sketches. 



499 



ration of Independence, and one of 
the four individuals who called a 
public meeting, at Savannah, to 
concert measures for the defence of 
the country, in 1114:; was one of 
the committee who prepared a peti- 
tion to the King, and drew up the 
patriotic resolutions adopted on 
that occasion. He was active in 
promoting the Revolution at home, 
and in 1116 was a Delegate to Con- 
gress, from Georgia. When the 
enemy attacked Savannah he was 
dangerously wounded and taken 
prisoner, but was released in 1179, 
and the same year was chosen Go- 
vernor of the State; in 1180 was 
again sent to Congress, and in 1183 
was appointed Chief Justice of the 
State; in 1181 was a delegate to 
the Convention for framing the 
Constitution of the United States, 
but declined taking his seat ; in 
1193 was again Judge of the Su- 
preme Court, and in 1195 was 
elected to succeed General Jackson 
as a Senator in Congress, serving 
one year. He died February 2, 
1804. 

WALTON, MATTHEW. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1803 to 

1801. 

W\\LWORTH, REUBEN HYDE. 

He was born at Bozrah, Con- 
necticut, in October, 1189. He 
spent his earlier years on a farm, 
and had few advantages of educa- 
tion. He commenced the study of 
law at the age of seventeen, and 
when twenty was admitted to prac- 



tice, and when twenty-two was li- 
censed as an attorney of the Su- 
preme Court of New York. He 
settled at Plattsburg in 1811, and 
held successively the offices of Mas- 
ter in Chancery, officer of militia 
during the siege of Plattsburg in 
1814, and adjutant-general of the 
combined forces, having, as such, 
participated in the battles of Beek- 
manstown and Pike's Cantonment. 
He was a member of the House 
during the Seventeenth Congress-, 
declined a re-election, and was af)- 
pointed a Circuit Judge in 1823 ; 
and in 1828 he was made Chancel- 
lor of the State of New York, which 
he held for twenty years, when the 
office was abolished. His opinions 
as Chancellor were published in 
fourteen volumes, while his other 
opinions occupy as many more. 

WARD, AARON. 

He was born at Sing Sing, New 
York ; was educated at Mount 
Pleasant Academy, and adopted 
the profession of law. He served, 
in 1813, in the regular army, as a 
captain ; was, for a time, after the 
war. District Attorney for the Coun- 
ty of Westchester, and subsequently 
attained the position of major-gene- 
ral of the New York militia. His 
terms of service as a Representative 
in Congress, were from 1825 to 
1829, from 1831 to 1831, and from 
1841 to 1843. 

WARD, ARTEMAS. 

Graduated at Harvard College in 
1148. He was a Representative in 



500 



Biographical Sketches. 



the Massachusetts Legislature ; a 
member of the Common Council of 
Boston ; and a Judge of the Court 
of Common Pleas for the County of 
Worcester. June 11, 1115, he was 
appointed Major-General of the 
American army, and was intrusted 
with the command of the right wing 
of the troops stationed at Roxbury, 
for the siege of Boston. He was a 
Delegate to the Provincial Con- 
gress, and a Representative in the 
United States Congress, from Mas- 
sachusetts, from 1191 to 1195. He 
was much esteemed by Washington, 
and although he resigned his com- 
mission in April, 1116, yet at the 
request of the Commander-in-chief 
he continued some time longer in 
the service. He was a man of ex- 
emplary piety and incorruptible in- 
tegrity. After a long and patient 
endurance of many sufferings, he 
died, October 28, 1800, aged seven- 
ty-three years. 

WARD, ARTEMAS. 

He was a native of Massachu- 
setts, and born in 1163 ; graduated 
at Harvard University in 1183. He 
studied law and was admitted to 
practice, and soon became eminent 
in his profession. He was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Massachusetts, from 1813 to 1811. 
In 1821 he was appointed Chief 
Justice of the Court of Common 
Pleas, which office he held for nine- 
teen years. He died in Boston, 
October 1, 1841. He was honored 
with the degree of LL.D. from 
Harvard University. 



WARD, ELIJAH. 

He was born in Sing Sing, New 
York, September 16, 1816; received 
an academical education, and was 
bred a merchant, chiefly in the City 
of New York, where he was Presi- 
dent of the Mercantile Library As- 
sociation in 1839 ; he studied law 
at the University of New York, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1843; 
and was elected a Representative 
in the Thirty-fifth Congress, serv- 
ing on the Committee for the Dis- 
trict of Columbia. 

WARD, JONATHAN, 
He was a native of New York ; 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from 1815 to 1811, having been a 
State Senator, from Westchester 
County, from 1801 to 1810. 

WARD, MATT. 
He was born in Elbert County, 
Georgia, but grew up to manhood 
in Madison County, Alabama. He 
received an academical education ; 
was a school teacher for two years ; 
studied law ; and became a citizen 
of the Republic of Texas in 1836. 
He served a number of years in the 
Congress of that Republic, and 
when it became a State, was elected 
to the Legislature as a Senator. 
He was a member of the two 
Conventions which nominated Mr. 
Pierce and Mr. Buchanan for the 
office of President; in 1856 he was 
chosen President of the State Demo- 
cratic Convention held at Austin ; 
and in 1858 was elected a Senator 
in Congress, from Texas, for the 
term ending in 1863. 



Biographical Sketches. 



501 



WARD, THOMAS. 

Was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1813 
to 181T. He died at Newark, New 
Jersey, February 4, 1842, aged 
eighty-three. 

WARD, WILLIAM T. 

He was born in Kentucky ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1851 to 1853. 



WARDWELL, DANIEL. 

He was born in Rhode Island, 
and having taken up his residence 
in New York, was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1831 to 1837, and was 
Chairman of the Committee on 
Revolutionary Pensions. He was 
also a member of the New York 
Assembly for four years, from Jef- 
ferson County. 

WARE, NICHOLAS. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Georgia, from 1821 to the 
time of his death, which occurred 
in New York City, September 1, 
1824. 

WARFIELD, HENRY R. 

Was born in Anne Arundel Coun- 
ty, Maryland; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1819 to 1825. On 
the morning of March 18, 1839, he 
was found dead in his bed, at Fre- 
derick, Maryland. 



WARNER, HIRAM. 

Born in Hampshire County, Mas- 
sachusetts, October 29, 1802; he 
received a good common school 
education, with some knowledge of 
the classics, and emigrated to 
Georgia at the age of seventeen, 
and there taught school for three 
years ; with his earnings he was 
enabled to study the profession of 
law, and was admitted to practice 
in 1825, and opened an office at 
Knoxville, in Crawford County. 
From 1828 to 1831 he was a Re- 
presentative in the General Assem- 
bly, and declined a re-election. In 
1833 he was elected by the Legis- 
lature one of the Judges of the Su- 
perior Courts of the State, and was 
reappointed in 1836, holding the 
office until 1840. From that time 
till 1845 he was engaged in a lucra- 
tive practice, and was that year 
appointed one of the Judges of the 
Supreme Court, serving for eight 
years, and then resigned. In 1855 
he was elected a Representative in 
the Thirty-fourth Congress, and de- 
clined a re-election in 185t. 

WARREN, CORNELIUS. 

Born in Patnara County, New 
York, in 1190, and died at Cold 
Spring, July 28, 1849. He was a 
member of Congress, from New 
York, from 184T until his death. 

WARREN, EDWARD A. 

Born in Green County, Alabama, 
May 2, 1818; received a liberal 
education, and studied the profes- 
sion of law. He served in the Mis- 



502 



BlOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES.. 



sissippi Legislature in 1845 and 
1846, and in the Legislature of Ar- 
kansas in 1848 and 1849, as Speaker 
of the House. In 1850 he was 
elected States Attorney for the 
Sixth Judicial District of Arkan- 
sas, and was a Representative, from 
that State, in the Thirty-third Con- 
gress, and was re-elected to the 
Thirty-fifth. He is a member of 
the Committees on the Militia, and 
Railroads and Canals. 

WARREN, LOTT. 

Born in Burke County, Georgia, 
October 30, 119*7; commenced life 
as a clerk in a store ; served in the 
Seminole war as a second lieutenant 
of militia, in 1818; studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 
1821; in 1823 he was elected a 
major of battalion ; in 1824 went 
to the State Legislature ; in 1825 
was appointed Solicitor- General to 
fill a vacancy ; in 1830 he was sent 
to the State Senate ; in 1831 again 
elected to the Lower House ; and 
he was a Representative in Con- 
gress from 1839 to 1843. He is 
still devoted to the profession of 
law. 

WASHBURN, ISRAEL. 

Born June 6, 1813, at Livermore, 
County of Oxford, (now Androscog- 
gin,) Maine. He received a classi- 
cal education ; studied law, and in 
October, 1834, was admitted to the 
bar ; he commenced the practice of 
the law in Orono, Penobscot Coun- 
ty, December, 1834, where he has 
since resided. He was a member 



of the Legislature in 1842, and 
elected to the Federal House of Re- 
presentatives, from Maine, for the 
Thirty-second, Thirty-third, Thirty- 
fourth, and Thirty-fifth Congresses, 
and is a member of the Committee 
on Elections. He has been re- 
■ elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress. 

WASHBURNE, C. C. 

Born in the town of Livermore, 
Maine, April 22, 1818. He is a 
lawyer by profession; removed to 
Wisconsin, and was elected a Re- 
presentative, from that State, to 
the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth 
Congresses. He is a member of 
the Committees on Private Land 
Claims and Expenditures on the 
Public Buildings. He has been re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress. 

WASHBURNE, ELIHU B. 

Born in Livermore, Oxford Coun- 
ty, Maine, September 23, 1816 ; 
studied law at Harvard University, 
and practiced at Galena, Illinois. 
He was elected a Representative in 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, from that 
State, and is a member of the Com- 
mittee on Commerce. He has also 
been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress. 

WASHINGTON, GEORGE C. 

Born in "Westmoreland County, 
Yirginia, August 20, 1789, and 
died in Georgetown, District of 
Columbia, July 11, 1854. He was 
educated at Cambridge, and became 



Biographical Sketches. 



503 



a lawyer by profession, though par- 
tial to the pursuit of agriculture. 
At the time of his death he was the 
oldest and nearest surviving male 
relative of his granduncle, General 
Washington. He represented Mary- 
land in Congress, from 1827 to 
1833, and from 1835 to 183Y. He 
was also President of the Chesa- 
peake and Ohio Canal, and a Com- 
missioner for the settlement of Indian 
claims. When General Scott was 
nominated for the Presidency, Mr. 
Washington was spoken of as the 
candidate for Yice-President. 

WASHINGTON, WILLIAM H. 

Born in North Carolina ; gradu- 
ated at Yale College iu 1834, and 
is a lawyer by profession. He 
was in Congress from 1841 to 1843, 
and subsequently five or six years 
in the State Legislature. 

AVATKINS, ALBERT G. 

He was born in Jefferson County, 
Tennessee, May 5, 1818; was edu- 
cated at Holston College, Tennes- 
see; adopted the profession of law; 
was elected to the Legislature, from 
his native county, in 1845 ; was a 
Presidential Elector in 1848; and 
was first elected a Representative 
in Congress in 1849, and has been 
re-elected to each succeeding Con- 
gress, excepting the Thirty-third, 
when he declined the nomination. 
He is at the present time a member 
of the Committees on Manufactures j 
and on the Militia. 



WATMOUGH, JOHN G. 

He was born on the banks of the 
Brandywine, Delaware, December 
6, 1793, and educated at the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania and Prince- 
ton. He served in the warof 1812, as 
a lieutenant in the Second Artillery, 
and while doing service on the fron- 
tiers, in 1813 and 1814, was wound- 
ed by receiving in his body three 
musket balls, the last of which was 
extracted in 1835; he resigned his 
commission in 1816, and was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, in 1831, where he re- 
mained four years, during the whole 
of which period his wounds were 
open and constantly giving him pain. 
His other public positions were those 
of aid-de-camp to General Gaines 
at New Orleans, and in the Creek 
Nation in 1814 and 1815; High 
Sheriff of Philadelphia City and 
County, in 1835; and Surveyor of 
that port in 1841. Of late years 
he has lived in retirement. 



WATSON, COOPER K. 

He was born in Ohio, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1855 to 1857. 



WATSON, J. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from New York, from 1798 to 1800; 
has previously been a member of 
the Assembly of New York, during 
the years 1791, 1794, 1795, and 
1796 ; was a State Senator in 1797 



501 



Biographical Sketches. 



WATTERSON, HARVEY M. 
He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1839 to 1843. 

WATTS, JOHN. 

He was born in ISTew York in 
1*749, and died in New York City, 
September 3, 1836. He was a 
member of Congress, from 1193 to 
1795. 

WAYNE, ANTHONY. 

Born in Easttown, Chester Coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania, in 1746. In 1773 
he was elected a Representative in 
the General Assembly, where he 
took an active part against the 
claims of Great Britain. In 1775 
he entered the array as colonel, and 
in the battle at the Three Rivers, 
in June, 1776, received a wound 
in the leg, and at the close of the 
campaign he was made a brigadier- 
general. In the battles of Brandy- 
wine, Germantown, and Monmouth, 
and especially at Stony Point, he 
greatly distinguished himself, in 
the latter assault receiving a severe 
wound in the head. In 1781 he 
led the Pennsylvania line, to form 
a junction with La Fayette in Virgi- 
nia, and engaged in the capture of 
Cornwallis; after which he con- 
ducted the war in Georgia with 
equal success, receiving from the 
Legislature of that State a valu- 
able farm as a reward for his ser- 
vices, upon which he retired after 
the war. In 1787 he was a mem- 
ber of the Convention for framing 
the Constitution, and served as a 



Representative in Congress in 1791. 
In 1792 he was again called into 
military service, and succeeded St. 
Clair in the command of the army 
against the Indians, gaining a 
complete victory over them in 

1794, at the battle of the Miami; 
he concluded a treaty, August 3, 

1795, with the hostile tribes north- 
west of the Ohio. While in the 
service of his country, having at- 
tained the rank of major-general, 
he died in a hut at Presque Isle, 
and was buried on the shore of Lake 
Erie, in December, 1796. 

WAYNE, ISAAC. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823 
to 1825. 

WAYNE, JAMES M. 

He was born in Savannah, Geor- 
gia. Having obtained an excellent 
preliminary education, under the in- 
struction of a private tutor, he en- 
tered Nassau Hall, (now Princeton 
College,) where he counted among 
his fellow-students some of the lead- 
ing men of the present day. On his 
return home, at the end of his colle- 
giate course, he commenced the study 
of law with one of the most dis- 
tinguished lawyers of Savannah ; 
but his father having died a few 
months afterwards, he left, by the 
advice of his friends, to prosecute 
his studies at the North. On his 
return home he commenced the 
practice of his profession, and also 
took much interest in politics. Af- 



Biographical Sketches. 



505 



ter three or four years, he was 
elected a member of the General 
Assembly, as an opponent of the 
"relief law," which had created 
much feeling throughout the State. 
He was re-elected the following 
year, but declined being a candi- 
date the third time. He was next 
mayor of the city. On his resig- 
nation of that office, he was chosen 
Judge of the Superior Court, and 
served for five years and a half. He 
was then elected a member of Con- 
gress in the session of 1829-30. 
He took a prominent position in the 
House as a debater, and also proved 
himself a good business member on 
various committees. He was a sup- 
porter of President Jackson, by 
whom he was appointed to a seat 
on the bench of the United States 
Supreme Court in 1835. He has 
proved himself a sound and ac- 
complished jurist. He has espe- 
cially devoted his attention to the 
subject of admiralty jurisprudence, 
and his opinion on points con- 
nected with that subject are every- 
where cited as high authority. 

WEAKLEY, ROBERT. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1809 
to 1811, and in 1819 was appointed 
United States Commissioner to treat 
with the Chickasaws. 

WEBSTER, DANIEL. 

Born in the town of Salisbury, 
New Hampshire, January 18, 1782. 
His opportunities for education 



were very deficient, and he was in- 
debted for his earliest instruction 
to his mother. For a few months 
only, in 1196, he enjoyed the ad- 
vantages of Phillips's Exeter Aca- 
demy ; here his education for col- 
lege commenced, and it was com- 
pleted at Boscawen. He entered 
Dartmouth College in IT 97, and 
graduated in 1801. Soon after he 
engaged in professional studies, 
first in his native village, and after- 
wards at Fryeburg, in Maine, where, 
at the same time, he had the charge 
of an academy, and was also a co- 
pyist in the office of Register of 
Deeds. Having completed his stu- 
dies in the office of Governor Gore, 
of Boston, he was admitted to the 
bar of Suffolk, Massachusetts, in the 
year 1805. He commenced the 
practice of law in his native State, 
and county; in 1807 he removed to 
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and 
soon became engaged in a respecta- 
ble but not lucrative practice. In 
1812 he was chosen a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Massachu- 
setts,and was re-elected. He removed 
to Boston in 1816, and was placed 
at once beside the leaders of the 
Massachusetts bar, having already 
appeared before the Supreme Court 
of the United States, at Washing- 
ton. By his argument in the Dart- 
mouth College case, carried by ap- 
peal to Washington, in 1817, he 
took rank among the most distin- 
guished jurists in the country. In 
1820 he was chosen a member of 
the Convention for revising the 
Constitution of Massachusetts. He 



506 



Biographical Sketches. 



was offered, about this time, a no- 
mination as a Senator of the United 
States, but declined. In 1822 he 
was elected a Represenntative in 
Congress, from the City of Boston ; 
he took his seat in December, 1823, 
and early in the session made his 
celebrated speech on the Greek" 
Revolution, which at once esta- 
blished his reputation as one of the 
first statesmen of the age. In the 
autumn of the same year he was re- 
elected. In 1826 he was again 
elected, and under the presidency 
of Mr. Adams he was the leader of 
the friends of the administration, 
first in the House of Representa- 
tives, and afterwards in the Senate, 
to which he was elected in 182Y. 
His speech on the Panama Mission 
was made in the first session of the 
Nineteenth Congress. When the 
tariff law of 1824 was brought for- 
ward he spoke against it, on the 
ground of expediency. He remained 
in the Senate a period of twelve 
years. In 1830 he made what is 
generally regarded the ablest of his 
parliamentary efforts, his second 
speech in reply to Colonel Hayne, 
of South Carolina. Mr. Webster, 
although opposed to the admin- 
istration of Greneral Jackson, 
gave it a cordial support in its 
measures for the defence of the 
Union, in 1832 and 1833, but op- 
posed its financial system. In 1839 
he made a short visit to Europe. 
His fame had preceded him, and he 
was received, in the Old World, with 
the attention due to his character 
and talents, at the French and Eng- 



lish courts. On the accession of 
President Harrison, he was ap- 
pointed Secretary of State, and 
was continued in this office by Pre- 
sident Tyler. President Tyler's 
cabinet was broken up in 1842, but 
Mr. Webster remained in office till, 
the spring of 1843, being desirous 
of putting some other matters, con- 
nected with our foreign relations, 
in a prosperous train. Mr. Web- 
ster returned to the Senate of the 
United States in 1845, and he re- 
mained in that body until 1850, 
when he was appointed Secretary 
of State, by President Fillmore. In 
December, 1850, the famous Hlilse- 
mann letter was written. In 1851, 
by his judicious management of the 
Cuba question, he obtained of the 
Spanish Grovernment the pardon of 
the followers of Lopez, who had 
been deported to Spain. About 
the same time he received from the 
English Government an apology, 
for the interference of a British 
craiser with an American steamer, 
in the waters of Nicaragua. This 
was the second time that the British 
Government had made a similar 
concession at the instance of Mr. 
Webster. The first was in reference 
to the destruction of the " Caroline," 
at Schlosser. He paid much atten- 
tion to agriculture, and his resi- 
dence, when not engaged in public 
business at Washington, was either 
at Marshfield, in Massachusetts, or 
at the place of his birth, in New 
Hampshire. The works of Mr. 
Webster were published in six vo- 
lumes, with a biographical memoir 



Biographical Sketches. 



507 



by Edward Everett. He died Oc- 
tober 23, 1852, at Marsh6eld ; and in 
1851, two volumes of Mr. Webster's 
private correspondence were pub- 
lished by his son, Fletcher Web- 
ster, Esq. 

WEBSTER, TAYLOR. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and having settled in Ohio, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1 833 to 
1839. 

WEEKS, JOHN W. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1829 to 1833. 

WEEKS, JOSEPH. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 
1835 to 1839. 

WEEMS, JOHN C. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1826 to 1829. 

W'EIGHTMAN, R. C. 

He was a Delegate to Congress, 
from the Territory of New Mexico, 
from 1851 to 1853. 

WELCH, JOHN. 

He was born in 'Jefferson County, 
Ohio, October 28, 1805; was edu- 
cated at Franklin College, Ohio ; 
studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1833; he was a member 
of the State Senate of Ohio, in 



1846 and 184'7 ; and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1851 to 1853. 
He is, at the present time, one of 
the Trustees of the Ohio Uuiver- 
sfty. 

WELCH, WILLIAM W. 

He was born in Norfolk, Connec- 
ticut, December 10, 1818 ; received 
the rudiments of his education at 
the common schools and from pri- 
vate instructors, and having turned 
his attention to the science of me- 
dicine, received the degree of M.D, 
from the medical institution of Yale 
College, in 1838; and, excepting 
when interrupted by his public du- 
ties, has ever been a practicing 
physician. He has twice been elect- 
ed to the House of Representatives, 
and twice to the Senate of Con- 
necticut ; and he was a Representa- 
tive, from that State, during the 
Thirty-fourth Congress. 

WELLBORN, M. J. 

He was born in Georgia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1849 to 1851. 

WELLER, JOHN B. 

He was born in Ohio ; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1839 to 1845 ; was the 
first United States Commissioner to 
Mexico, under the treaty of Gua- 
dulupe Hidalgo ; and having taken 
up his residence in California, was 
elected to the United States Se- 
nate, in 1851, for a long term; and 
was subsequently elected Governor 
of California, which position he 
continues to hold. 



508 



Biographical Sketche-s. 



WELLES, WILLIAM H. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Delaware, from 1199 to 1804, 
and again from 1813 to 181*7; he 
died March 11, 1829. 

WELLS, DANIEL, Jr. 

He was born in Maine, and adopt- 
ed the profession of law. In 1836 
he removed to Wisconsin, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1853 to 1855. He 
subsequently held the offices of 
Judge of Probate and County 
Judge, and died in 1858. 

WELLS, JOHN. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1851 to 1853. 

WENDOVER, PETER H. 

He was born in JS'ew York 
City ; was a member of the State 
Assembly, from the City of New 
York, in 1804; and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, 
from 1815 to 1821. 

WENTAVORTH, JOHN. 
He was born in Sandwich, New 
Hampshire, March 5, 1815. He 
received an academic education; 
taught school for awhile, and hav- 
ing entered Dartmouth College, 
graduated in 1836. Removing, 
soon afterwards, to Illinois, he stu- 
died law and settled in Chicago, 
where he has ever since been con- 
nected with the press, and practiced 
his profession, excepting when in 
Congress, his service, as a Repre- 



sentative, having extended from 
1843 to 1855. 

WENTWORTH, TAPPAN. 

He was born in New Hampshire, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1853 to 1855. 

WESTBROOK, JOHN. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1841 
to 1843. 

WESTBROOK, THEODORIC R. 

He was a native of New York, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1853 to 
1855. 

WESTCOTT, JAMES D. 

He was born at Alexandria, Vir- 
ginia, in May, 1802. He removed 
with his father to New Jersey, and 
was at an early age admitted to the 
bar of the Supreme Court of that 
State, where he practiced his pro- 
fession until 1829 ; and he after- 
wards held, for a short time, a posi- 
tion in the Consular Bureau of the 
State Department at Washington. 
He was appointed, by President 
Jackson, Secretary of the Territory 
of Florida, and held the office four 
years, performing the duties of the 
Governor during his temporary ab- 
sence. He was a member of the 
Territorial Legislature in 1832. 
He was appointed United States 
District Attoi'ney for the Middle 
District of the Territory, which of- 



Biographical Sketches. 



509 



fice he held until 183G. He was 
again a member of the Legislature, 
and a member of the Convention 
for framing a State Constitution, in 
1838 and 1839. On the admission 
of Florida into the Union as a 
State, in 1845, he was elected a 
Senator in Congress, and served 
until 1849. 

WESTERLO, RENSSELAER. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1817 to 1819. 

WETHERED, JOHN. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1845. 

WHALLON, REUBEN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1833 
to 1835, and died in Essex County, 
New York, April 15, 1843, aged 
sixty-six years. 

AVHARTON, JESSE. 

He represented the State of Ten- 
nessee, in Congress, from 1807 to 
1809, and was a United States Se- 
nator in 1814 and 1815. He died 
at Nashville, July 22, 1833. 

WH EATON, HORACE. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 
1847. 

WHEATON, LABAN. 

Born at Marshfield, Massachu- 
setts, and graduated at Harvard 



University in 1774. He studied 
both theology and law. He was a 
county judge, and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1809 to 1817. 
He died at Norton, Massachusetts, 
March 23, 1846, aged ninety-two 
years. 

WHEELER, GRATTAN H. 

He was a native of New York, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1831 to 1833. 
He was also a member of the State 
Assembly, from Steuben County, 
for four years, and one year a mem- 
ber of the State Senate. 

WHEELER, JOHN. 

Born in 1823, at Darby, Con- 
necticut ; received a good commer- 
cial education, and at the age of 
twenty entered the mercantile busi- 
ness in New York City ; he subse- 
quently engaged in hotel keeping, 
which he followed at the time of 
his election, and during his service 
as a member of Congress, having 
been a Representative from 1853 to 
1855. 

WHIPPLE, THOMAS. 
He was br§d a physician, and 
served the State of New Hamp- 
shire, as a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1821 to 1829. He died 
at Wentworth, New Hampshire, 
Januai'y 23, 1835, aged fifty years. 

WHITECOMB, JAMES. 

Was born in 1795. He removed 
with his father to Ohio, in 1806; 
had a country school education, 
and prepared himself for college by 



510 



Biographical Sketches. 



teacliing school, and graduated at 
Transylvania University with the 
highest honors. He studied law, 
and settled to practice in Bloom- 
ington, Indiana, in 1824. In 1826 
he was appointed Prosecuting At- 
torney, and in 1830 was chosen a 
member of the State Senate, and" 
served five years. He was ap- 
pointed Commissioner of the Ge- 
neral Land-office in 1836 ; and in 
1841 returned to the practice of his 
profession at Terre Haute, Indiana. 
In 1843 he Avas chosen Governor of 
the State, and was re-elected in 
1846. He was elected a Senator 
of the United States in 1849, which 
position he held until his death, 
which occurred in New York, Oc- 
tober 4, 1852. He was much in- 
terested in the American Bible So- 
ciety, of which association he was 
vice-president. 

AVHITE, ADDISON. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Kepresentative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1851 to 1853. 

WHITE, ALBERT S. 

Is a native of one of the North 
Biver Counties of New York, was 
well educated, and is alawyer by pro- 
fession, practicing in Lafayette, In- 
diana. He was a Bepresentative in 
Congress, from Indiana, from 183t 
to 1839, and a Senator of the 
United States, from 1839 to 1845. 
He has since devoted most of his 
time to the railroad business, being 
president of a company. 



WHITE, ALEXANDER. 

He was a Delegate to the Conti- 
nental Congress, from North Caro- 
lina, from 1186 to 1T88, and a Be- 
presentative in Congress, from 1789 
to 1793, and distinguished for his 
eloquence and patriotism. He died 
at Woodville, Virginia, in 1804, 
aged sixty-six years. 

WHITE, ALEXANDER. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
having settled in Alabama, was 
elected a Bepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1853. 

WHITE, ALLISON. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
December 21, 1816; received a 
common school education ; studied 
law, and practiced his profession 
for twelve years. He was elected 
a Bepresentative from Pennsylva- 
nia to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
from the Fifteenth Congressional 
District of that State, and is Chair- 
man of the Committee on Expendi- 
tures on the Public Buildings. 

WHITE, BARTOW. 

He was a Bepresentative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1825 

to 1827. 

AVHITE, BENJAMIN. 

He was born in Maine, and was 
a Bepresentative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1843 to 1845. 



Biographical Sketches. 



511 



WHITE, CAMPBELL P. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1829 to 1835. 

WHITE, DAVID. 
He was one of the Judges of 
the Circuit Court of Kentucky, 
and represented that State in Con- 
gress, from 1823 to 1825. He 
died in Franklin County, Ken- 
tucky, February 11, 1835, aged 
fifty years. 

WHITE, EDWAED D. 
Governor of Louisiana, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1829 to 1834, and 
again from 1839 to 1843. His 
popularity was great, and well de- 
served. He died in Xew Orleans, 
April 18, 1841. 

WHITE, FRANCIS. 
He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, his native 
State, from 1813 to 1815. 

WHITE, HUGH. 
He was born in New York, fol- 
lowed the plough until he was 
nineteen years of age, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
his native State, from 1845 to 1851. 

WHITE, HUGH LAWSON. 
He was born in Iredell County, 
North Carolina, October 30, 1113; 
removed with his father to Knox 
County, Tennessee, in 1186; volun- 
teered as a private soldier during 
the Indian hostilities in 1192. In 
1194 he went to Philadelphia, and 



pursued a course of mathematical 
studies, and then went to Lancas- 
ter, Pennsylvania, and studied law. 
He commenced the practice of his 
profession at Knoxville, in 1196. 
In 1801 he was appointed Judge of 
the Supreme Court of the State, 
and served until 1801. In 1808 he 
was appointed District Attorney, 
and in 1809 was elected to the 
State Senate ; he again served six 
years in the Supreme Court as 
Judge, and in 1815 was chosen 
President of the State Bank of 
Tennessee. In 1820 he was again 
a member of the State Senate, and 
about that time was appointed, by 
President Monroe, a Commissioner 
to adjust the claims of our citizens 
against Spain. He was elected a 
Senator in Congress, from 1825 to 

1835, and from 1836 to 1840. 
At the election for Yice-Presi- 
dent of the United States, in 

1836, he received all the votes 
(twenty-six) of Georgia and Ten- 
nessee. He resigned his seat in 
the Senate in 1839, having received 
instructions to vote against his own 
judgment. Soon after reaching his 
home, in Knoxville, he died, April 
10, 1840. 

WHITE, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1192 
to 1194. 

WHITE, JOHN. 

• He was born in 1805 ; served 
from 1835 to 1845, as a Represen- 
tative in Congress, and was Speak- 
er of the House during the Twenty- 



512 



Biographical Sketches. 



seventh Congress. He was Judge 
of the Nineteenth Judicial District 
at the time of his death, which oc- 
curred at Richmond, Kentucky, 
September 22, 1845. 

WHITE, JOSEPH L. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Indiana, from 1841 to 
1843. 

WHITE, JOSEPH M. 

He was a Delegate to Congress, 
from the Territory of Florida, from 
1823 to 1837, and died at St. Louis, 
Missouri, October 18, 1839, while on 
a visit to his brother. He was an 
eminent lawyer, and noted for his 
eloquence and acquirements. 

WHITE, LEONARD. 

Born in Haverhill, Massachusetts, 
in 1767. He was a fellow-student 
of John Quincy Adams, under the 
tuition of the Rev. Mr. Shaw, of 
Haverhill, and at Harvard they 
were of the class of 1787. He was 
for many years town clerk and trea- 
surer, and represented his town in 
the Legislature, and his district in 
Congress, from 1811 to 1813, and 
then he was appointed cashier of 
the Merrimack Bank, which office he 
held until the infirmities of age 
obliged him to retire. He died in 
Haverhill, October 10, 1849. 

WHITE, PHINEAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Yermont, from 1821 to 
1823. 



WHITE, SAMUEL. 

Was a United States Senator, 
from Delaware, from 1801 until his 
death, which occurred at Wilming- 
ton, Delaware, IS'ovember 4, 1809, 
aged thirty-nine years. 

WHITEHILL, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 
to 1814. 

WHITEHILL, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803 
to 1807. 

WHITEHILL, ROBERT. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1805 
to 1813. 

WHITELEY, WILLIAM G. 

Born in Newark, New Castle 
County, Delaware ; graduated at 
Nassau Hall, Princeton, in 1838. 
He is a lawyer by profession, and 
was elected a member of the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, serving as Chairman 
of the Committee on Agriculture. 
He has been re-elected to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress. 

WHITESIDE, JENKINS. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1809 to 1811, 
and died September 24, 1822. 

WHITESIDE, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815 
to 1819. 



Biographical Sketches. 



513 



WHITMAN, EZEKIEL. 

Born in East Bridgewater, Mas- 
sachusetts, March 11, 17T6; gra- 
duated at Brown University in 
1*195; settled as a lawyer in the 
District of Maine, in 1198 ; he was 
Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, 
and also of the Supreme Court of 
Maine, presiding as such for twenty- 
five years ; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Massachu- 
setts, from 1809 to 1811, and from 
1817 to 1821; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Maine, 
from 1 821 to 1823. He is still living 
in the enjoyment of a happy old age. 



WHITMAN, LEMUEL. 

He w^as a graduate of Yale Col- 
lege in 1 800 ; was a Representative 
in Congress, from Connecticut, from 
1823 to 1824; and died at Farm- 
ington, November 18, 1841. 



WHITNEY, THOMAS R. 

He was born in New York City, 
in 1804; served two years in the 
Assembly of that State ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1855 to 1857. He 
devoted much of his life to literary 
pursuits, having been at one time 
editor of the New York Sunday 
News, and was the author of a poem 
called the "Ambuscade," and a po- 
litical work entitled " The Ame- 
rican Policy Vindicated." He died 
April 12, 1858. 
38 



AVHITTEMORE, ELISHA. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1825 
to 1827. 

WHITTLESEY, ELISHA, 

He was born in Washington, 
Connecticut, October 19, 1783; he 
spent a part of his boyhood on a 
farm ; received an academical edu- 
cation ; studied law; and in 1806 
removed to the Western Reserve of 
Ohio, from which district he was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1823 to 1839. He served in the 
war of 1812, as aid-de-camp to 
General E. Wadsworth ; was for 
sixteen years a Prosecuting Attor- 
ney, and was elected to the State 
Legislature in 1820 and 1821. He 
was appointed, by President Harri- 
son, Auditor for the Post-ofBce De- 
partment, and, by President Taylor, 
was appointed First Comptroller of 
the Treasury, which office he con- 
tinued to hold until the accession of 
President Buchanan. 

WHITTLESEY, FREDERICK. 

He was born in Washington, Con- 
necticut, in June, 1799; graduated 
at Yale College in 1818; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar at 
Utica, New York, in 1821 ; settled 
in Rochester in 1822; w^as a Re- 
presentative in Congress from 1831 
to 1835; in 1839 he was chosen 
"Vice-Chancellor of the Eighth Ju- 
dicial District of New York, and 
retained the office eight years ; he 



514 



Biographical Sketches. 



was also a Judge of the Supreme 
Court of the State, and in 1850 he 
was elected Professor of Law in 
Genesee College, He died in Ro- 
chester, New York, September 19, 
1851. 

WHITTLESEY, THOMAS T. 

He was born in Connecticut ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1811, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from his native State, from 
1836 to 1839. 

WHITTLESEY, W. A. 

He was bom in Connecticut; 
graduated at Yale College ; studied 
law, and settled to practice in Ohio, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1851. 

WICK, WILLIAM W. 

Born in Canonsburg, Washington 
County, Pennsylvania, February 
23, 1196. He received a classical 
education, and was pursuing a col- 
legiate course when the death of his 
father threw him upon his own re- 
sources ; he then followed the occu- 
pation of a teacher, and devoted his 
leisure hours to the study of medi- 
cine until 1818, when he was induced 
to adopt the law as his profession, 
and prosecuted his studies with the . 
Hon. Thomas Corwin, and located, 
for practice, in Fayette County, In- 
diana, in 1820. He was that year 
Assistant Clerk of the House of 
Representatives, and in 1821 Assis- 
tant Secretary of the State Senate ; 



in 1822 he was chosen President 
Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit, 
and in 1825 became Secretary of 
State; in 1829 he was Attorney 
for the State, in the same circuit, 
from which oflBee he retired in 1831, 
and was again President Judge for 
three years; in 1839 he was elected 
a Representative in Congress, and 
again in 1845 and 1841; in 1850 
he was again chosen President 
Judge, and from 1853 to 1851, 
Postmaster at Indianapolis. He 
had served in the militia of the 
State as brigadier-general, quarter- 
master, and adjutant-general. In 
1851 he resumed the practice of the 
legal profession. 

WICKES, ELIPHALET. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1805 
to 1801. 

WICKLIFFE, CHARLES A. 

He was born in Kentucky ; was 
educated at the Bardstown gram- 
mar school ; studied law, and at- 
tained a high position at the bar. 
In 1812 he was appointed aid-de- 
camp to General Winlock, and dur- 
ing the same year was elected to 
the State Legislature, and re-elected 
in 1813. He was at the battle of 
the Thames, as aid to General Cald- 
well, after which he was again 
elected to the Legislature, where he 
continued until elected to Congress, 
from Kentucky, in 1823, and to 
which he was four times re-elected. 
He was for several sessions Chair- 



Biographical Sketches. 



515 



man of the Committee on Public 
Lands. On his retirement from 
Congress, in 1833, he was again 
elected to the Legislature, and was 
Speaker in 1834; in 1836 he 
was elected Lieutenant-Governor of 
Kentucky ; on the death of Gover- 
nor Clark, in 1839, he became act- 
ing Governor, and in 1841 was 
appointed Postmaster-General, by 
Presid£nt Tyler. 

WIDGERY, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1811 to 1813. 

WILBUR, ISAAC. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Rhode Island, from 
1807 to 1809. 

WILCOX, JEDUTHUN. 

Born in New Hampshire, in 
1T69, and died at Orford, New 
Hampshire, in July, 1838. He 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1813 to 1817. 

WILCOX, JOHN A. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
and on removing to Mississippi, 
was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 
1851 to 1853. 

WILCOX, LEONARD. 

He was a native of New Hamp- 
shire ; graduated at Dartmouth 
College, in 1817 ; was a member of 



the State Legislature ; was a Judge 
of the Superior Court; and was a 
Senator in Congress, from Nevr 
Hampshire, during the years 1842 
and 1843. He died in 1850, aged 
fifty years. 

WILDE, RICHARD HENRY. 

He was born in the City of Dub- 
lin, September 24, 1789. , His 
childhood was passed in Baltimore. 
His father having died, he obtained 
the rudiments of learning from his 
mother and a private tutor, and in 
his eleventh year was placed as a 
clerk in a store ; in 1802 he went 
with his mother to Augusta, Geor- 
gia, and the twain obtained a living 
by merchandizing, in a small way, 
the boy devoting all his leisure 
to books. Under many difficulties 
he studied law, and practiced with 
success ; also devoted himself to 
polite literature ; as an advocate 
he rose to eminence ; was made 
Attorney-General of Georgia ; and, 
in 1815, was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, 
was re-elected in 1823, and again 
in 1827, serving with marked ability 
until 1835. After leaving Con- 
gress he visited Europe, and on his 
return devoted himself to litera- 
ture, politics, and law. In 1843 he 
removed to New Orleans, where he 
added to his reputation as a lawyer, 
and was elected Professor of Con- 
stitutional Law in the University 
of Louisiana. He died in New Or- 
leans, September 10, 1847, leaving 
a reputation composed of the ele- 



516 



Biographical Sketches. 



ments of the statesman, the orator, 
and the poet. One of his lyrics, en- 
titled " My Life is Like a Summer 
Rose," attracted the praise of Lord 
Byron. His literary productions 
were quite numerous, and they all 
bear the impress of a gifted and 
highly educated mind. His princi- 
pal work was a "Life of Tasso," 
which evinced his familiarity with 
Italian literature, and gave him a 
rank among the best scholars. 

WILDMAN, ZALMON. 

He was from Danbury, Connecti- 
cut, and was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, 
from 1835 to 1836. He died at 
Washington, District of Columbia, 
December 10, 1835, before the ex- 
piration of his term. 

WILDRICK, ISAAC. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1849 to 1853. 

WILEY, JAMES S. 

He was born in Maine, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1847 to 1849. 

WILKIN, JAMES W. 

Born in 1762 ; was a member of 
the Legislature of New York, in 
1800, and held many other places in 
the gift of. his fellow-citizens, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 



from 1815 to 1819. He died at 
Goshen, New York, February 23, 
1845. 

WILKIN, SAMUEL J. 

He was born in New York ; gra- 
duated at Princeton College in 
1812, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 
1831 to 1833 ; having been in the 
State Assembly, from Orange 
County, in 1824 and 1825. 

WILKINS, WILLIAM. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 
1834, and was subsequently ap- 
pointed American Minister Pleni- 
potentiary to Russia. 

WILLEY, CALVIN. 

Born at East Haddam, Connec- 
ticut, September 15, 1776 ; he read 
law and was admitted to the bar in 
1798 ; he served in the State Legis- 
lature and Senate a number of 
years, and was Postmaster at Staf- 
ford Springs eight years ; Judge 
of Probate for seven years ; in 1824 
he was a Presidential Elector ; and 
a Senator in Congress, from 1825 
to 1831. He died at Stafford, 
Connecticut, August 23, 1858. 

WILLIAM, BENJAMIN. 

He was a native of North Caro- 
lina, a patriot of the Revolution, 
and a member of Congress, from 
1793 to 1795. He also served 
many years in the State Legisla- 



Biographical Sketches. 



517 



ture, and was twice elected Gover- 
nor of North Carolina, in 1199 and 
ISOT. He died in Moore County, 
of that State. 

WILLIAMS, CHRISTOPHER H. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1831 to 1843, 
and again from 1849 to 1853. 

WILLIAMS, DAVID R. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1805 to 1809, and again from 1811 
to 1818, in which year, he was ap- 
pointed, by President Madison, bri- 
gadier-general. 

WILLIAMS, HENRY. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1839 
to 1845. 

WILLIAMS, HEZEKIAH. 

He was born in Vermont, gra- 
duated at Dartmouth College in 
1820 ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Maine, from 1845 
to 1849. He died in 1856, aged 
fifty-eight years. 

WILLIAMS, ISAAC. 

He was a native of New York, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1814 
to 1815, and from 1811 to 1819, 
and again from 1823 to 1825. 



WILLIAMS, JAMES W. 

While on his way to Washing- 
ton, December 2, 1843, he was 
stricken with paralysis, while in his 
carriage, and survived the attack 
but a short time. His age was 
about fifty-five years. He was a 
native of Maryland, and was for 
many years a prominent member of 
the Legislature of that State, being 
for a time Speaker of the House 
of Delegates. In May, 1841, he 
was elected to Congress, and con- 
tinued a member of that body un- 
til the time of his death. As a 
faithful public servant, a sagacious 
statesman, and an upright man, he 
commanded the confidence of his 
neighbors, and the esteem and re- 
spect of all who knew him. 

AVILLIAMS, JARED. 
He was born in Montgomery 
County, Maryland, March 4, lICGJf 
and died in Frederick County, Vir- 
ginia, January 2, 1831. In 1811 
he was elected to the House of 
Delegates of Virginia, and served 
a number of years ; and he was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Virginia, from 1819 to 1825. In 
1829 he was a Presidential Elector, 
voting for General Jackson, and 
was appointed, by the Electoral 
College, to transmit the vote to 
Washington. When not in public 
life, he was devoted to the pursuits 
of agriculture. 

AVILLIAMS, JARED W. 
He was born in New Hampshire, 
and was a Representative in Con- 



518 



Biographical Sketches. 



gress, from that State, from 1837 to 
1841 ; and a Senator from 1847 to 
1849. I 

WILLIAMS, JOHN, 

He was a member of the New 
York Senate, from 1777 to 1779, 
and from 1783 to 1795, from Wash- 
ington County ; of the Assembly, 
from 1781 to 1782; and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1795 to 1799. 

WILLIAMS, JOHN. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1815 to 1823,'' 
and was highly respected for his 
talents and character. He died at 
Knoxville, August 7, 1837. 

WILLIAMS, JOSEPH L. 

• He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1837 to 1843. 

WILLIAMS, LEMUEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 
1799 to 1805. 

WILLIAMS, LEWIS. 

Born in Surry County, North 
Carolina; graduated at the Uni- 
versity of North Carolina, in 1808 ; 
entered the House of Commons, of 
his native State, in 1813, was re- 
elected in 1814; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1815 to 
1842, where, for his many good 



qualities and his long service, he 
was known as the "Father of the 
House." He died in Washington, 
while representing his State in Con- 
gress, February 23, 1842, aged 
nearly sixty years. 

WILLIAMS, MARMADUKE. 

Born April 6, 1772, in Caswell 
County, North Carolina ; he was a 
lawyer by profession, and served as 
a Representative in Congress, from 
his native State, from 1803 to 1809. 
In 1810 he removed, with his family, 
to Madison County, Alabama, and 
thence to Tuscaloosa, in 1818. He 
was repeatedly elected to the Legis- 
lature, and was a delegate, from Tus- 
caloosa County, to the Convention 
which formed the State Constitu- 
tion. Was a candidate for Gover- 
nor, but defeated by William W. 
Bibb. In 1826 was appointed a 
Commissioner to adjust the unset- 
tled accounts between Alabama and 
Mississippi, growing out of their 
territorial relationship. In 1832 
was elected Judge of the County 
Court, which office he held until 
April, 1842, when he resigned, 
having attained the age of seventy, 
which the Constitution declares a 
disqualification for the bench. He 
died in Tuscaloosa, October 29, 
1850. 

WILLIAMS, NATHAN. 

He was born in New York; 
served in the State Assembly, from 
Onondaga, in 1816, 1817, and 1818, 
and was a Representative in Con- 



Biographical Sketches. 



519 



gress, from New York, from 1805 to 
1801. 

AVILLIAMS, REUEL. 
Born in Hallowell, (now Augus- 
ta,) Maine, June 2, 1783; had an 
academic education, and is a lawyer 
by profession. He was a Repre- 
sentative and Senator in the Legis- 
lature, and a Senator in Congress, 
from 1837 to 1843. He received 
from Bowdoin College the degree 
of LL.D., and is a Trustee of that 
institution. 

WILLIAMS, ROBERT. 

He was distinguished for his at- 
tainments ; was Adjutant-General 
of North Carolina during the revo- 
lutionary war; and a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1797 to 
1803, and was appointed Commis- 
sioner of Land Titles in Missouri 
Territory. He emigrated to Ten- 
nessee toward the close of his life, 
and there died. 

WILLIAMS, SHERROD. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1835 to 1841. 

WILLIAMS, THOMAS H. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Mississippi, from 1817 to 1831, 
and again during the years 1838 
and 1839. 

AVILLIAMS, THOMAS SCOTT. 

Born at Wethersfield, Connecti- 
cut, June 26, 1777 ; graduated at 
Yale College in 1794; studied law 



at Litchfield; was admitted to the 
bar in Windham County, in 1799, 
and commenced to pi'actice at Mans- 
field, whence he removed to Hart- 
ford in 1803. In 1809 he was ap- 
pointed attorney of the Board of 
Managers of the School Fund. He 
represented the town of Hartford 
in the General Assembly for seven 
terms, from 1813 to 1829 ; and was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Connecticut, from 1817 
to 1819. In 1829 he was appointed 
an Associate Judge of the Supreme 
Court of Errors, and in 1834 was 
appointed Chief Justice ; and in 
the same year he received the de- 
gree of LL.D. from Yale College. 
He was Mayor of the City of Hart- 
ford, from 1831 to 1835. In 1847 
he resigned his position as Chief 
Justice, his term having expired by 
constitutional limitation. He is now 
living in retirement at Hartford. 

WILLIAMS, THOMAS W. 

Born in Stonington, Connecticut, 
September 28, 1790; was educated 
atPlainfield and Stonington Acade- 
mies ; received a commercial educa- 
tion in New York City, and has 
been engaged in mercantile business 
at New London, Connecticut, since 
1809. He was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1839 to 1843; a 
member of the Legislature in 1846, 
and chosen Presidential Elector in 
1848. 

WILLIAMSON, HUGH. 

Born in Pennsylvania, December 
5, 1735, and died suddenly, May 



520 



Biographical Sketches. 



22, 1819. He graduated at the 
University of Pennsylvania in 1*75*1 ; 
studied divinity, and preached two 
years ; in 1*760 was appointed Pro- 
fessor of Mathematics in the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania ; resigned 
in 1*764, and went to Edinburgh to 
study medicine ; on his return, in 
1*772, settled to practice his profes- 
sion in Philadelphia; he again vi- 
sited Europe, and had much to do 
with matters connected with the 
Revolution; he subsequently en- 
gaged in commercial pursuits, and 
an accident took him to Edenton, 
North Carolina. With that State 
he was long and honorably identi- 
fied. He served a number of years 
in the House of Commons ; also for 
three years in the Continental Con- 
gress ; was a Delegate to the Con- 
vention which formed the Constitu- 
tion of the United States ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1790 to 1793. In 1811 he publish- 
ed a work on the climate of Ame- 
rica, in 1812 a History of North 
Carolina ; and he was associated 
with De Witt Clinton, in 1814, in 
forming the Literary and Philoso- 
phical Society of New York. He 
enjoyed the respect of all who knew 
him, and died universally lamented. 

WILLIAMSON, WILLIAM D. 

Born in 1780 ; studied and adopt- 
ed the law as a profession, com- 
mencing practice, in 1807, at Ban- 
gor ; he was for several years in the 
Senate of Massachusetts, before the 
separation of Maine ; also a Sena- 



tor in the Maine Legislature ; a 
member of Congress from 1821 to 
1823 ; and a Judge of Probate for 
several years. He was the author, 
also, of a History of Maine. Died 
at Bangor, May 27, 1846. 

WILLIS, FRANCIS. 

He was born in Frederick Coun- 
ty, Virginia, January 5, 1825; re- 
ceived a good education ; and, re- 
moving to Georgia in 1784, he was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1791 to 1793. In 
1811 he took up his residence in 
Tennessee, and led the life of a re- 
tired gentleman. He died in Maury 
County, Tennessee, January 25, 
1829. 

WILLOUGHBY, WESTEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1816 
to 1817. 

WILMOT, DAVID. 

Born at Bethany, Wayne Coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania, January 20, 1814. 
He was educated at Bethany Aca- 
demy, and at Aurora, Cayuga 
County, New York ; read law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1834; 
he was a member of Congress, from 
1845 to 1851 ; and subsequently 
President Judge of the Thirteenth 
Judicial District of Pennsylvania, 
which position he resign'ed, but to 
which he was re-elected. He re- 
sides at Towanda, Pennsylvania. 
He was the author of a slavery 
proviso which caused some excite- 



Biographical Sketches. 



521 



ment in Congress when he was a 
member. 

WILSON, ALEXANDER. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1804 to 
1809. 

WILSON, E. C. 

He was a native of Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 1835. 

WILSON, E. K. 

He graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1789, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Maryland^ 
from 1827 to 1831. 

WILSON, HENRY. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1823 
to 1826. 

WILSON, HENRY. 

Born in Farraington, New Hamp- 
shire, February 16, 1812; was 
brought up a farmer ; went to Bos- 
ton when twenty-two years of age, 
and 'learned to make shoes; at the 
age of twenty-four years attended 
several leading academies in New 
Hampshire; commenced business at 
Natick, as a shoe manufacturer, in 
1838 ; served eight years in the two 
branches of the Massachusetts Le- 
gislature, twice President of the 
Senate ; in 1853 was a member of 
the Constitutional Convention, and 
part of the time President of that 



body ; and was elected to the Uni- 
ted States Senate in 1855, where he 
still remains. From 1842 to 1853 
be took a great interest in the mili- 
tary affairs of the State, and from a 
major was promoted to a brigadier- 
general ; and he was also a delegate 
to the Whig Convention of 1848, 
and to the Free-Soil National Con- 
vention at Pittsburg, in 1852. He 
has recently been re-elected to the 
United States Senate. 

WILSON, ISAAC. 

During the war of 1812 he com- 
manded a company of cavalry, and 
was in some of the severest actions 
on the Northern frontier. He was 
subsequently elected a member of 
the Assembly of New York, and 
also of the Senate. He was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, 
in 1823, and at the end of his term 
was appointed first Judge of Gene- 
see County, and held it until his 
removal to Batavia, Illinois, where 
he died October 25, 1848. 

AVILSON, JAMES. 

Born in 1757 ; graduated at Har- 
vard University in 1789; was a 
lawyer by profession ; and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New 
Hampshire, from 1809 to 1811. 
He died at Keene, New Hampshire, 
January 4, 1839. 

AVILSON, JAMES. 

He was a native of Pennsylvania, 
aud a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1823 to 1828. 



522 Biographical Sketches. 

wilson, james. wilson, john. 



He was born in 'New Hampshire, 
and was a Rejjresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1841 
to 1849. 

WILSON, JAMES. 

He was born in Crawfordsville, 
Montgomery County, Indiana, 
April 9, 1852; graduated at Wa- 
bash College in 1842; was admitted 
to the bar in 1845; went to Mexico 
in 1846 as a private in the Indiana 
Regiment, and before his return 
home was promoted to the office of 
quartermaster; and was elected a 
Representative from Indiana to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a 
member of the Committee on Elec- 
tions. He has also been re-elected 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress. 

WILSON, JAMES J. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from New Jersey, from 1815 to 
1821, when he was appointed Post- 
master at Trenton, New Jersey. 
He died July 28, 1824. 



WILSON, JOHN. 

He was born in 1111 ; graduated 
at Harvard University in 1199 ; 
studied law, and attained a high po- 
sition in his profession ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Massachusetts, from 1813 to 1815, 
and from 1811 to 1819. He died 
at Belfast, Maine, July 9, 1848. 



He was a native of South Caro- 
lina, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1821 to 

1821. 

WILSON, NATHAN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1808 
to 1809. 

WILSON, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1811 to 
1813. 

WILSON, THOMAS. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 
to 1811. 

WILSON, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1814 
to 1819. 

WILSON, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, fi'om Ohio, from 1823 to 

1821. 

WING, AUSTIN E. 

He was born in New York ; was 
a Delgate to Congress, from the 
Territory of Michigan, in 1832 ; 
resided at Monroe, and was for 
many years a leading man in all its 
local affairs. He died at Cleve- 
land, Ohio, August 25, 1849. 



Biographical Sketches. 



523 



WINGATE, J. F. 

He was born in Massachusetts, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1821 to 
1831. 



WINGATE, PAINE. 

He was born at Araesbury, Mas- 
sachusetts, May 14, 1739; gra- 
duated at Harvard University in 
1759; ordained as a Congrega- 
tional minister at Hampton Falls, 
New Hampshire, in 1763; and 
afterwards removed to Stratham, 
and engaged in agricultural pur- 
suits. He was appointed a mem- 
ber of Congress under the Con- 
federation in 1787 ; after the adop- 
tion of the Constitution, he was 
elected a member of the United 
States Senate, in 1789, and served 
till 1793, when he was elected a 
Representative in Congress, in 1793, 
serving until 1795 In 1798 he 
was appointed a Judge of the Su- 
perior Court of New Hampsliire, 
and continued in office till May, 
1809, when he attained the age of 
seventy. He survived all others 
who were members of the United 
States Senate at the time of his 
taking his seat in that body upon its 
first organization; and he was for 
some years the oldest graduate of 
his college. He was a man of 
talents and extensive information ; 
highly esteemed and respected for 
his character, and his honorable and 
useful life. He died at Stratham, 
New Hampshire, March 7, 1838. 



WINSLOW, WARREN. 

He was born in Fayetteville, 
North Carolina, January 1, 1810; 
entered Chapel Hill University, and 
graduated in 1827 ; having studied 
law, was soon afterwards admitted 
to the bar. In 1854 he was ap- 
pointed, by President Pierce, a con- 
fidential agent to Madrid, on busi- 
ness connected with the Black 
Warrior affair ; during his absence 
abroad he was nominated for the 
Senate of North Carolina, was 
elected a member thereof, and placed 
in the chair of Speaker ; while in 
that position. Governor Reid was 
elected to the United States Senate, 
and the duties of Governor devolved 
upon and were performed by Mr. 
Winslow. He was elected, in 1855, 
to the Thirty-fourth Congress, serv- 
on the Committee on Naval Affairs ; 
and was re-elected to the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, and is a member of 
the Committees on Naval Affairs 
and on the Library. He was of- 
fered, by President Buchanan, the 
mission to Sardinia, but declined. 



WINSTON, JOSEPH. 

Born in Virginia, in 1746. In 
1760 joined a company of rangers, 
and marched to the frontier of the 
State ; in a battle on the Green- 
brier, was twice wounded, and had 
a horse killed under him ; had a 
pension granted to him by the Le- 
gislature, for his gallantry in battle ; 
in 1766 removed to North Caro- 
lina ; took an active part in the 



524 



Biographical Sketches. 



Revolution ; raised a regiment, and 
marched against the Cherokee In- 
dians ; was appointed a major in 
1776, and had various actions with 
the forces of the Tories ; commanded 
the right wing of the American 
troops in the battle of King's Moun- 
tain, and for his bravery had a sword' 
voted to him by the Legislature ; 
was elected to Congress in 1193, 
and again in 1803, and served till 
1807. 

WINTER, ELISHA J. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1813 
to 1815. 

WINTHROP, ROBERT C. 

Born in Boston, Massachusetts, 
May 12, 1809; graduated at Har- 
vard College in 1828 ; and studied 
law with Daniel Webster. He 
entered the Legislature of Massa- 
chusetts in 1835, and was Speaker 
of the House from 1838 to 1840 ; 
was a member of the United States 
House of Representatives, from 
1840 to 1842, when he resigned on 
account of domestic circumstances, 
but was re-elected the same year, 
and continued in that body until 
1850, having been Speaker during 
the session commencing in 1847. 
He was appointed to the Senate of 
the United States to fill the va- 
cancy occasioned by the resignation 
of Mr. Webster, and served from 
1850 to 1851. He was President 
of the Electoral College of Massa- 
chusetts which voted for Greneral 



Scott ; and is President of the His- 
torical Society of Massachusetts, 
and other literary and charitable 
associations ; also President of the 
Commissioners chosen by the City 
of Boston for building a Public 
Library. He delivered the Inaugu- 
ral of the Franklin Statue in 1856, 
and also that of the Washington 
Monument in 1848. 

WISE, HENRY A, 

Born December 3, 1806, in 
Druramond Town, Accomac Coun- 
ty, Virginia ; graduated at Wash- 
ington College, Pennsylvania, at 
the age of nineteen ; studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar at 
Winchester, Virginia, in 1828 ; the 
same year removed to Nashville, 
Tennessee, and practiced his pro- 
fession for two years, when, from 
local attachment, he returned to 
Accomac, and became a Represen- 
tative in Congress, serving from 
1833 to 1843, Avhen he resigned his 
seat for the mission to Brazil, which 
post he occupied until the fall of 
1847. In 1848 he was one of the 
Presidential Electors for Virginia. 
In 1850 he was a member of the 
Preform Convention of Virginia, 
which adopted the present Consti- 
tution of the State. In 1852 he 
was again Presidential Elector ; 
and in 1855 was elected Governor 
of Virginia, which office he now 
holds. 

WITHERELL, JAMES. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Vermont, during the 



Biographical Sketches. 



525 



years 180T and 1808, and was in 
the latter year appointed Federal 
Judge in Michigan Territory. 

WITHERSPOON, ROBERT. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
1809 to 1811. 

wiTTE, willia:\i H. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
having settled in Pennsylvania, was 
elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1853 to 1855. 

WOLF, GEORGE. 

He was born in Allen Township, 
'Northampton County, Pennsylva- 
nia, August 12, 1777. After pur- 
suing a course of classical education 
in his own county, he studied law, 
became eminent, and engaged in a 
lucrative practice. In 1814 he was 
elected a member of the Legislature 
of his native State; and he was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1824 to 1829; 
Governor of that State from 1829 
to 1835 ; in 1836 was appointed 
First Comptroller of the United 
States Treasury ; and, subsequently, 
Collector of Customs for Philadel- 
phia, in which city he died of an 
affection of the heart, March 14, 
1840. 

AVOOD, ARIEL. 

He was a distinguished merchant 
of Wiscasset, Massachusetts, and a 
member of Congress, from that 



State, from 1813 to 1815. He died 
at Belfast, Maine, November, 1834, 
aged sixty-two years. 

WOOD, AMOS E. 

Born in Jefferson County, New 
York, in 1800; he removed with 
his father, in 1812, to Portage 
County, Ohio. In 1833 he settled 
permanently in Woodville, Sandus- 
ky County; he twice represented 
his district in the lower branch of 
the Legislature, and once for a term 
of two years, in the State Senate ; 
and was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from Ohio, from 1850 
to 1852. He died in Fort Wayne, 
Indiana, November 19, 1850. 

WOOD, BRADFORD R. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1845 to 
1847. 

WOOD, FERNANDO. 

Born in Philadelphia in 1812, 
and from the humble employment 
of a cigar-maker, he rose to the po- 
sition of clerk in a counting-house, 
and was for many years a ship- 
owner and successful merchant in 
New York. He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1841 to 
1843, and in 1854 was elected 
Mayor of the City of New York, 
and re-elected. 

WOOD, JOHN J, 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1827 
to 1829. 



526 



Biographical Sketches. 



WOOD, JOHN M. 

He was born in Minnisink, 
Orange County, 'New York, No- 
vember 17, 1813; received a good 
common school education; was a 
member of the Legislature of Maine ; 
and has for years been occupied as 
a constructor of railroads and other 
public works. He was elected, in 
1854, a Representative, from Maine, 
in the Thirty-fourth Congress ; was 
re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress ; and is a member of the Com- 
mittee on Post-of&ces and Post- 
roads. 

WOOD, SILAS. 

He was born in Suffolk County, 
New York ; graduated at Princeton 
College in 1189 ; was the author of 
a History of Long Island ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1819 to 1829. 
He died at Huntington, Suffolk 
County, Long Island, March 2, 
1841, aged seventy-eight years. 

WOODBRIDGE, WILLIAM. 

Born in Norwich, Connecticut, 
August 20, 1180; and his father 
becoming one of the earliest emi- 
grants to the Northwest Territory, 
he removed to Marietta in 1191. 
He received his earliest education 
in Connecticut ; studied law at 
Litchfield, Connecticut, and was 
admitted to the bar, in Ohio, in 
1806. In 1801 he was elected to 
the Assembly of Ohio ; in 1808 was 
Prosecuting Attorney for his coun- 
ty, which office he held until 1814, 



and during the same period he was 
also a member of the State Senate. 
In 1814 he received, from President 
Madison, unexpectedly, the ap- 
pointment of Secretary of the Ter- 
ritory of Michigan, and removed to 
Detroit; and in 1819 he was elect- 
ed the first Delegate, from Michi- 
gan, to Congress, where he was 
very active in promoting the inter- 
ests of his constituents. In 1828 
he was appointed Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of Michigan Territory, 
and held the office four years ; in 
1835 he was a member of the Con- 
vention called to form a State Con- 
stitution ; in 1831 he was elected to 
the State Senate of Michigan ; in 
1839 he was chosen Governor of the 
State; and he was a Senator in 
Congress, from 1841 to 1841. He 
was a working member on many 
important committees, and his re- 
ports and speeches were numerous ; 
and Daniel Webster, in a note to 
his speech in defence of the Ash- 
burton Treaty, attributed to Mr. 
Woodbridge the' first suggestion 
that was ever made to him for in- 
serting in that treaty a provision 
for the surrender of fugitives, under 
certain circumstances, upon the de- 
mand of foreign governments. Of 
late years he has lived in retire- 
ment at Detroit. 

WOODBURY, LEVL 

Born in Francestown,New Hamp- 
shire, December 22, 1189. He gra- 
duated at Dartmouth College in 
1809 ; attended the Law School at 



Biographical Sketches. 



527 



Litchfield ; continued to study law 
in Boston, Exeter, and Frances- 
town, and entered upon the practice 
in 1812, in which he was successful. 
In 1816 he was appointed Judge 
of the Superior Court of New 
Hampshire, and in 1819 settled in 
Portsmouth. In 1 823 he was elect- 
ed Governor of New Hampshire; 
was Speaker of the State House of 
Representatives, in 1825; was a 
Senator in Congress, from 1825 to 
1831; was appointed Secretary of 
the Navy, by President Jackson, in 
1831 ; was transferred to the Trea- 
sury Department, as Secretary, in 
1834, by President Yan Buren, and 
served until 1841; he was again a 
Senator in Congress, from 1841 to 
1845, when he was appointed, by 
President Polk, a Justice of the 
Supreme Court of the United 
States. He was also tendered the 
appointment of Minister to Eng- 
land, but declined it. He died at 
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Sep- 
tember *7, 1851. He received the 
degree of LL.D. from Dartmouth 
College and the Wesleyan Univer- 
sity of Connecticut, and was a mem- 
ber of various literary societies 



WOODCOCK, DAVID. 

He was a member of the New 
York Assembly, from Seneca Coun- 
ty, in 1814 and 1815, and from 
Tompkins County, in 1826 ; and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1821 to 1823, and 
again from 182t to 1829. 



WOODRUFF, JOHN. 

He was born in Hartford, Con- 
necticut, in 1826 ; is a clock-maker 
by occupation ; has been in the Con- 
necticut Legislature, and was a 
member of the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress. 

WOODRUFF, THOMAS M. 

He was a resident of New York 
City, a furniture dealer by occupa- 
tion, a member of Congress, from 
1845 to 1841, and died some time 
ago. 

WOODS, HENRY. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1*790 
to 1803. 

AVOODS, JOHN. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815 
to 18n. 

WOODS, JOHN. 

He was a native of Dauphin 
County, Pennsylvania, in 1794, and 
removed with his father to Ohio in 
his infancy. He was admitted to the 
bar in 1819, settled in Hamilton 
County, and at once took a high 
stand in his profession. In 1824 
he was elected to Congress, and 
served two terms. In 1829 he be- 
came the editor and publisher of the 
Hamilton Intelligencer, and so con- 
tinued until 1832, when he returned 
to his profession, which he success- 
fully practiced until 1845, when he 
was elected Auditor of the State, 



528 



Biographical Sketches. 



which office he held for two terms. 
While Auditor, he did much to 
preserve the credit of the State. 
He died in Hamilton, Ohio, July 

30, 1855. 

WOODS, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1823 
to 1825, and a member of the State 
Assembly, from Steuben County, in 

1828. 

WOODSON, SAMUEL B. 

Born in Jessamine County, Ken- 
tucky, October 24, 1815; gradu- 
ated at Centre College, and became 
a lawyer by profession. He was a 
member of the Constitutional Con- 
vention of Missouri, in 1855 ; and a 
member of the Missouri General 
Assembly, in 1853 and 1854; and 
was elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from that 
State, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Indian Affairs. He 
has been re-elected to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress. 

WOODSON, SAMUEL H. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1820 to 
1823. 

WOODWARD, JOSEPH A. 

He was born in South Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1843 to 

1847. 



WOODWARD, WILLIAM. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 

1815 to isn. 



WOODWORTH, JAMES H. 

He was born December 4, 1804, 
in Greenwich, Washington County, 
New York. He lived on a farm 
until twenty-one years of age ; re- 
ceived a limited education at the 
schools in the vicinity, and removed 
to Fabius, Onondaga County, New 
York ; taught a village school for a 
few months, and then engaged in 
mercantile business. In 1821 he 
went to Erie County, Pennsylvania, 
residing there four years, and re- 
moved to Chicago, Illinois, in 1833. 
In 1839 he was elected to the State 
Senate, and in 1842 was a member 
of the Lower House. From 1845 
to 1850 he was connected with the 
city government of Chicago, being 
two years mayor. He was a Re- 
presentative, from Illinois, to the 
Thirty-fourth Congress. 



WOODWORTH, WILLIAM W. 

He was born in Connecticut, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1845 to 

1847. 

WORD, THOMAS J. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Mississippi, from 1838 
to 1839. 



Biographical Sketches. 



529 



WORMON, LUDWIG. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1820 to 1822. 

WORTENDYKE, J. E. 

Born at Chesnut Ridge, in the 
Township of Harrington, Bergen 
County, New Jersey, November 21, 
1818; graduated at Rutgers's Col- 
lege, in 1839 ; and was for several 
years teacher of the classics and 
mathematics. He commenced the 
study of law in 1849, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1852 ; was Al- 
derman of Jersey City, where he 
practiced law ; and was elected a 
Representative in the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, from New Jersey, serving 
on the Committee of Public Ex- 
penditures. 

WORTHINGTON, J. T. H. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1831 to 1833, 
and again from 1837 to 1841. 

WORTHINGTON, THOMAS. 

He was born in Jefferson County, 
Virginia, about 1769 ; emigrated to 
Ohio, and settled in Ross County, 
in 1798. In 1803 he was a mem- 
ber of the State Constitutional 
Convention. He was a Senator in 
Congress, from Ohio, from 1803 to 
1807, and againfrom 1810 to 1814; 
and from 1814 to 1818, he was Go- 
vernor of Ohio. After his retire- 
34 



ment from that office, he was 
appointed a member of the first 
Board of Canal Commissioners, 
in which capacity he served until 
his death, which occurred in 1827. 

WORTHINGTON, THOMAS C. 

He was born in Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1825 to 1827. 

WRIGHT, AUGUSTUS R. 

Born at Wrightsborough, Co- 
lumbia County, Georgia, June 16, 
1813; commenced his education at 
a grammar school; afterwards en- 
tered Franklin College, but left in 
the latter part of the junior year, 
without graduating. He is a 
lawyer by profession ; and at the 
age of twenty-nine was elected Cir- 
cuit Judge ; he resigned before the 
expiration of the second term, and 
was elected a Representative, from 
Georgia, to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress, and re-elected to the Thirty- 
fifth, serving as a member of the 
Committee on the District of Co- 
lumbia. 

WRIGHT, DANIEL B. 

He was born in Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Mississippi, from 1853 to 
1857. 

WRIGHT, GEORGE H. 

He was born in Concord, Massa- 
chusetts, June 4, 1817; spent seven 



530 



Biographical Sketches. 



years on a farm ; settled in Boston, 
as a merchant, in 1822 ; was con- 
nected with the Boston Courier 
for two years, from 1831, after 
which he settled in Nantucket, in 
the whaling business ; went to Cali- 
fornia in 1849; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that 
State, during the years 1850 and 
1851. 

WRIGHT, HENDRICK B. 

He was a native of Pennsylvania, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

WRIGHT, JOHN C. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1823 to 

1829. 

WRIGHT, JOHN W. 

Born in McNairy County, Ten- 
nessee, June 28, 1828 ; is a lawyer 
by profession ; was elected a Repre- 
sentative to the Thirty-fourth and 
Thirty-fifth Congresses, from his na- 
tive State ; and is a member of the 
Committees on Revolutionary Pen- 
sions and Expenditures in the War 
Department 

WRIGHT, JOSEPH A. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, and, 
having settled in Indiana, was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1845; 
and in 185^7 he was appointed, by 
President Buchanan, Minister to 
Prussia. 



WRIGHT, ROBERT. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Maryland, from 1801 to 1806; 
at one time member of the State 
Executive Council ; was Governor 
of Maryland, from 1806 to 1809; a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Maryland, from 1810 to 1817 ; re- 
elected for the term from 1821 to 
1823 ; and died September t, 1826. 

WRIGHT, SAMUEL G. 

Born in 1181, and at the time of 
his death, was a member elect of 
Congress, from New Jersey. Died 
near Allentown, New Jersey, July 
30, 1845. 

WRIGHT, SILAS. 

Was born at Amherst, Massa- 
chusetts, May 24, 1795. He work- 
ed upon his father's farm, in 
Vermont, in the summer, and at- 
tended school in the winter. He 
prepared for and entered coJlege in 
August, 1811, and graduated at 
Middlebury College in 1815. He 
read law in Washington County, 
New York, teaching school one or 
two winters to aid in defraying his 
own expenses. In 1819 he settled, 
in the practice of the law, at Canton, 
St. Lawrence County, New York, 
where he continued his residence 
until his death. He was soon made 
a magistrate and postmaster of his 
town, and surrogate of his county. 
He early raised a uniformed militia 
rifle company, of which he was 
unanimously chosen captain, from 
which position he rose to be colonel 



Biographical Sketches. 



531 



of a rifle regiment, and became a 
brigadier-general of infantry, in 
1821. He was elected to the State 
Senate in November, 1823, and 
served until March 4, 182*7, when 
he resigned that office, having been 
elected to Congress in November, 
1826. He took his seat in Congress 
in December, 1827. He was re- 
elected in November, 1828. Having 
been elected State Comptroller, 
January 27, 1829, he resigned his 
seat in Congress, before serving out 
this term. While in Congress, he 
served as a member of the Commit- 
tee on Manufactures, and took an 
active part in the tariff investiga- 
tions and discussions of 1828. He 
served as Comptroller from the 
time of his election until he was 
chosen United States Senator, in 
the early part of January, 1833, 
when he immediately took his seat 
in that body. He was re-elected 
in February, 1837, and again in 
February, 1843, and continued to 
serve until December, 1844, when 
he resigned. In November, 1844, 
he was elected Governor of New 
York, and entered upon his duties 
January 1, 1845. In 1846 he re- 
tired to private life, devoting him- 
self to the cultivation of his farm, 
and enjoying the society of his early 
friends and neighbors. On August 
27, 1847, he died suddenly, at his 
residence in Canton. While in the 
United States Senate, he served 
most of^his time on the Committee 
of Finance, and introduced the first 
Sub-Treasury bill, which became a 
law. President Tyler offered him 



a seat upon the bench of the Su- 
preme Court, which he declined. 
By other Presidents he was offered 
seats in their cabinets and missions 
abroad, all of which he refused. 
His last labor for the public was the 
preparation of an address for the 
State Agricultural Society, which 
having been finished, was read to 
that body, a short time after his 
death, by his friend General Dix. 
He appeared twice in the Supreme 
Court of the United States to argue 
cases of high importance, and 
established in that tribunal a high 
reputation as a lawyer. 

WRIGHT, WILLIAM. 

He was born in New York, and 
having removed to New Jersey, 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1847 ; 
and in 1853 was elected a Senator 
in Congress for the term ending in 
1859. He is Chairman of the 
Committee on Engrossed Bills, and 
of that on the Contingent Expenses 
of the Senate. 

WURTZ, JOHN. 

He graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1813, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1825 to 1827. 

WYNKOOr, HENRY. 

He was a Delegate to the Conti- 
nental Congress, from 1779 to 1783, 
and a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1789 to 
1791. 



532 



Biographical Sketches. 



WYNN, RICHARD. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 
lt93 to 179t, and again from 1802 
to 1813. 

WYNN, THOMAS. 

He was born, lived, and died, in 
Hertford County, North Carolina. 
He was a general of militia ; a 
planter by occupation; served a 
number of years in the House of 
Commons and Senate, and was a 
member of Congress, from 1802 to 
1801. 

YANCY, BARTLETT. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
and educated at the University of 
that State, where he was, for a time, 
a tutor. His first appearance in 
public life was as a member of Con- 
gress, in 1813, where he served four 
years ; he served for many years in 
the State Legislature, and frequently 
as Speaker of the House ; and his 
position as a lawyer was unsurpass- 
ed. He died in 1828. 



YANCY, JOEL. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1821 to 
1831. 

YANCY, WILLIAM L. 

He was born in South Carolina, 
and, removing to Alabama, was a 
Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1844 to 184t. 



YATES, JOHN B. 

He was born in New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1815 to 1811, 
and was a member of the Assembly 
of that State in 1836, from Madison 
County. 

YATES, RICHARD. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from Illinois, from 1851 to 1855. 

YELL, ARCHIBALD. 

He was born in Tennessee, and re- 
moving to Arkansas, was elected a 
Representative in Congress, from 
1831 to 1839, and was re-elected in 
1845, serving only until 1846. 

YORKE, THOMAS J. 

He was born in New Jersey, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1837 to 1839, 
and again from 1841 to 1843. 

YOST, JACOB S. 

He was born in Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1847. 

YOUNG, AUGUSTUS. 

He was born in Arlington, Ver- 
mont, March 20, 1785, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in St. Albans in 
1810; he commenced to practice at 
Stowe, and in about eighteen 
months removed to Craftsbury, 
which town he represented in the 
General Assembly during eight ses- 



Biographical Sketches. 



533 



sions. He was four years States 
Attorney for Orleans County, and 
Judge of Probate in 1830. In 
1836 he was chosen State Senator, 
and was twice re-elected. He was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Vermont, from 1841 to 1843, and 
declined are-election. In 184*7 he 
removed to St. Albans, and was 
for several years Judge of Franklin 
County Court. He subsequently 
devoted himself to literary and 
scientific pursuits, and being a 
learned geologist and mineralogist, 
was appointed, in 1856, State Na- 
turalist. He died at St. Albans, 
June IT, 185*1. He was highly 
popular, possessed great talents, 
and his scientific books and tracts 
indicate that he was a great mathe- 
matician and a profound reasoner. 

YOUNG, BRYAN R. 

He was born in Kentucky, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1845 to 1847. 

YOUNG, EBENEZER. 

Born in Killingly, Connecticut, 
in 1784, and graduated at Yale 
College in 1806. In 1823 he was 
elected to the State Senate, and 
twice re-elected ; he was also two 
years Speaker of the House, and 
was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1829 to 1835. He died at 
West Killingly, August 18, 1851, 

YOUNG, JOHN. 

He was born in Yermont in 
1802 ; when quite a boy he re- 



moved with his father to Living- 
ston County, New York, and re- 
ceived a common school education^ 
at Conesus; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1829 ; was 
in the State Legislature in 1831, 
1844, and 1845; was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1841 to 1843; Governor of 
the State, from 1847 to 1849; and 
Assistant Treasurer of the United 
States, in New York City, at the 
time of his death, which occurred 
April 23, 1852. 

YOUNG, RICHARD M. 

He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Illinois, from 1837 to 1843. 

YOUNG, TIMOTHY R. 

He was born in New Hampshire ; 
graduated at Bowdoin College in 
1835 ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Illinois, from 1849 
to 1851. 

YOUNG, WILLIAM F. 

He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1825 to 
1827. 

YULEE, DAYID L. 

He was born in the West Indies, 
in 1811, but when quite young was 
removed to Virginia, where he re- 
ceived the rudiments of a classical 
education. He emigrated to Flo- 
rida in 1824, and though he studied 
law, he divided his time between 
the practice of his profession and 
the pursuits of agriculture. He 



534 



Biographical Sketches. 



was a Delegate to Congress, from 
the Territory of Florida, from 1841 
to 1845, a delegate to the Conven- 
tion which formed the State Con- 
stitution, and was elected a Senator 
in Congress, in 1845, where he still 
continues, officiating as Chairman 
of the Committee on Post-offices 
and Post-roads. He is also Presi- 
dent of the Atlantic and Grulf Rail- 
road in Florida. 

ZOLLICOFFER, FELIX K. " 

Born in Mowry County, Tennes- 
see, May 19, 1812, and received an 
academical education. He served 
for a few months in a printing- 
office, and in 1829 took upon himself 
the management of a newspaper at 



Paris, Tennessee. In 1834 he was 
editor and publisher of the Colum- 
bian Observer, in the same State ; 
in 1835 he was elected State prin- 
ter, and re-elected in 183*7 ; in 1842 
he removed to ISTashville, and edited 
the Banner; in 1843 he was elect- 
ed Comptroller of the State Trea- 
sury, and was re-elected in 1845 
and 184t ; in 1849 was elected to 
the State Senate; in 1850 was a 
contractor for building the Suspen- 
sion Bridge, at Nashville; in 1851 
and 1852, again edited the Nash- 
ville Banner, and was elected a 
Representative in Congress, from 
Tennessee, in 1853, where he has 
continued to the present time ; and 
is a member of the Committee on 
Territories. 



SPECIAL NOTICE. 



The Author embraces the present opportunity of acknowledging his obliga- 
tions to the following gentlemen, who have favored him with much valuable 
assistance in this undertaking, viz. : William Willis, Esq., of Maine; Ben Perley 
Poore, Esq., of Massachusetts ; George F. Houghton, Esq., of Vermont; Gideon 
J. Tucker, Esq., of New York; Hon. James Parker, of New Jersey; A. L. 
Ashley, Esq., of Kentucky; and Col. Peter Force, George J. Abbot, Esq., Yel- 
verton P. Page, Esq., Daniel Buck, Esq., William Hickey, Esq., and John H. 
Wheeler, Esq., of Washington City ; and while thanking them for their kindness, 
he takes the liberty of adding, that he would be glad to receive from ex-members 
of Congress, and from the friends of deceased members, any information they 
may be pleased to communicate, calculated to make his work more correct and 
complete, in the subsequent editions that may be published. 
Address, 

CHARLES LANMAN, 
Georgetown, District of Columbia. 



APPENDIX. 



APPENDIX. 



SUCCESSIVE SESSIONS OF CONGMSS. 



STATEMENT 

Showing the Oommencemetit and Termination of each Session of 
Co7igress, held under the Present Constitution, with the Number 
of Days in each. 

















h 


P 




E 


d 
o 




From 




To 




■a 

a . 
M a> 

o 1 


u ^ 


Where held. 




en 

to 












tS 


s.3-i 

s 






1 


March 4 


1789 


Sept. 29 


1789 


13 


210 


New York. 


1 \ 


2 


January 4 


1790 


August 12 


1790 


14 


221 


do. 




3 


Dec. 


6 


1790 


March 3 


1791 


15 


88 


Philadelphia. 


2 1 


1 


Oct. 


24 


1791 


May 8 


1792 


16 


197 


do. 


2 


Nov. 


5 


1792 


March 2 


1793 


17 


119 


do. 


3 j 


1 


Dec. 


2 


1793 


June 9 


1794 


18 


190 


do. 


2 


Nov. 


3 


1794 


March 3 


1795 


19 


121 


do. 


4 1 


1 


Dec. 


7 


1795 


June 1 


1796 


20 


177 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


5 


1796 


March 3 


1797 


21 


89 


do. 




1 


May 


15 


1797 


July 10 


1797 


21 


57 


do. 


5 J 


2 


Nov. 


13 


1797 


July 16 


1798 


22 


246 


do. 




3 


Dec. 


g 


1798 


March 3 


1799 


23 


91 


do. 


6 j 


1 


Dec. 


2 


1799 


May 14 


1800 


24 


164 


do. 


2 


Nov. 


17 


1800 


March 3 


1801 


25 


107 


Washington. 


7 I 


1 


Dec. 


7 


1801 


May 3 


1802 


26 


148 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


6 


1802 


March 8 


1803 


27 


88 


do. 


8 1 


1 


Oct. 


17 


1803 


March 27 


1804 


28 


163 


do. 


2 


Nov. 


5 


1804 


March 3 


1805 


29 


119 


do. 


9 1 


1 


Dec. 


2 


1805 


April 21 


1806 


30 


141 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


1 


1806 


March 3 


1807 


31 


93 


do. 


10 j 


1 


Oct. 


26 


1807 


April 25 


1808 


32 


182 


do. 


2 


Nov. 


7 


1808 


March 3 


1809 


33 


117 


do. 




1 


]\Iay 


22 


1809 


June 28 


1809 


33 


38 


do. 


11 \ 


2 


Nov. 


27 


1809 


May 1 


1810 


34 


156 


do. 




3 


Dec. 


3 


1810 


March 3 


1811 


35 


91 


do. 


12 1 


1 


Nov. 


4 


1811 


July 6 


1812 


36 


245 


do. 




Nov. 


2 


1812 


March 3 


1813 


37 


122 


do. 



Appendix. 



Statement of the Successive Sessions of Congress — [Continued.) 















fi 


u 


















a 


^CC 






g 

3 






From 




To 


a ■ 


a -S -s 
1 


Where held. 






1 


May 


24 


1813 


August 2, 1813 


37 


71 


Washington. 




13 J 


2 


Dec. 


6 


1813 


April 18 


1814 


38 


134 


do. 






3 


Sept. 


19 


1814 


March 3 


1815 


39 


166 


do. 




14 j 


1 


Dec. 


4 


1815 


April 30 


1816 


40 


148 


do. 




2 


Dec. 


2 


1816 


March 3 


1817 


41 


92 


do. 




15 1 


1 


Dec. 


1 


1817 


April 30 


1818 


42 


141 


do. 




2 


Nov. 


16 


1818 


March 3 


1819 


43 


108 


do. 




16 1 


1 


Dec. 


6 


1819 


May 15 


1820 


44 


162 


do. 




2 


Nov. 


13 


1820 


March 3 


1821 


45 


111 


do. 




17 j 


1 


Dec. 


3 


1821 


May 8 


1822 


46 


157 


do. 




2 


Dec. 


2 


1822 


March 3 


1823 


47 


92 


do. 




18 1 


1 


Dec. 


1 


1823 


May 27 


1824 


48 


178 


do. 




2 


Dec. 


6 


1824 


March 3 


1825 


49 


88 


do. 




19 1 


1 


Dec. 


5 


1825 


May 22 


1826 


50 


169 


do. 




2 


Dec. 


4 


1826 


March 3 


1827 


51 


90 


do. 




20 1 


1 


Dec. 


3 


1827 


May 26 


1828 


52 


175 


do. 




2 


Dec. 


1 


1828 


March 3 


1829 


53 


93 


do. 




21 1 


1 


Dec. 


7 


1829 


May 31 


1830 


54 


176 


do. 




2 


Dec. 


6 


1830 


March 3 


1831 


55 


88 


do. 




22 j 


1 


Dec. 


5 


1831 


July 16 


1832 


56 


225 


do. 




2 


Dec. 


3 


1832 


March 3 


1833 


57 


91 


do\ 




23 1 


1 


Dec. 


2 


1833 


June 30 


1834 


58 


211 


do. 




2 


Dec. 


1 


1834 


March 3 


1835 


59 


93 


do. 




24 1 


1 


Dec. 


7 


1835 


July 4 


1836 


60 


211 


do. 




2 


Dec. 


5 


1836 


March 3 


1837 


61 


89 


do. 






1 


Sept. 


4 


1837 


Oct. 16 


1837 


62 


43 


do. 




25 J 


2 


Dec. 


4 


1837 


July 9 


1838 


62 


218 


do. 






3 


Dec. 


3 


1838 


March 3 


1839 


63 


91 


do. 




26 1 


1 


Dec. 


2 


1889 


July 21 


1840 


64 


233 


do. 




2 


Dec. 


7 


1840 


March 3 


1841 


65 


87 


do. 






1 


May 


31 


1841 


Sept. 13 


1841 


65 


106 


do. 




27 J 


2 


Dec. 


6 


1841 


August 31 


1842 


66 


269 


do. 


♦ 




3 


Dec. 


5 


1842 


March 3 


1843 


67 


89 


do. 




28 1 


1 


Dec. 


4 


1843 


June 17 


1844 


68 


196 


do. 




2 


Dec. 


2 


1844 


March 3 


1845 


69 


92 


do. 




29 1 


1 


Dec. 


1 


1845 


August 10 


1846 


70 


253 


do. 




2 


Dec. 


7 


1846 


March 3 


1847 


71 


87 


do. 




30 1 


1 


Dec. 


6 


1847 


August 14 


1848 


72 


254 


do. 




2 


Dec. 


4 


1848 


March 3 


1849 


73 


90 


do. 




31 1 


1 


Dec. 


3 


1849 


Sept. 30 


1850 


74 


302 


do. 




2 


Dec. 


2 


1850 


March 3 


1851 


75 


92 


do. 




32 1 


1 


Dec. 


1 


1851 


August 31 


1852 


76 


275 


do. 




2 


Dec. 


6 


1852 


March 3 


1853 


77 


88 


do. 




33 j 


1 


Dec. 


5 


1853 


August 7 


1854 


78 


246 


do. 




2 


Dec. 


4 


1854 


March 3 


1855 


79 


90 


do. 






1 


Dec. 


3 


1855 


August 18 


1856 


80 


260 


do. 




34 J 


2 


August 21 


1856 


August 30 


1856 


81 


10 


do. 






3 


Dec. 


1 


1856 


March 3 


1857 


81 


93 


do. 




35 1 


1 


Dec. 


7 


1857 


June 1 


1858 


82 


177 


do. 






Dec. 


6 


1858 


March 3 


1859 


83 


88 


do. 





Appendix. 



SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRE- 
SENTATIVES. 



1st Cone;ress. 


F. A. Muhlenberg, 


Pennsylvania. 


2d 


(( 


Jonathan Trumbull, 


Connecticut. 


3d 


(( 


F. A. Muhlenberg, 


Pennsylvania. 


4th 


u 


Jonathan Dayton, 


New Jersey. 


oth 


i; 


j Jonathan Dayton, 
\ George Dent, 


11 il 




Maryland. 


6th 


li 


Theodore Sedgwick, 


Massachusetts. 


7th 


ii 


Nathaniel Macon, 


North Carolina. 


8th 


li 


Nathaniel Macon, 


11 il 


9th 


u 


Nathaniel Macon, 


ii ii 


10th 


u 


Joseph B. Varnum, 


Massachusetts. 


11th 


ii 


Joseph B. Varnum, 


" / 


12th 


ii 


Henry Clay, 


Kentucky. 


13th 


ii 


j Henry Clay, 1st session, 
\ Langdon Cheves, 2d " 


South Carolina. 


14th 


ii 


Henry Clay, 


Kentucky. 


15th 


ii 


Henry Clay, 


n 


16th 


li 


j Henry Clay, let session, 
\ John W. Taylor, 2d " 


11 




New York. 


17th 


(I 


P. P. Barbour, 


Virginia. 


18th 


(( 


Henry Clay, 


Kentucky. 


19th 


ii 


John W. Taylor, 


New York. 


20th 


(( 


Andrew Stevenson, 


Virginia. 


21st 


(( 


AndrcAV Stevenson, 


il 


22d 


C( 


Andrew Stevenson, 


11 


23d 


^^ 


J Andrew Stevenson, 
1 Henry Hubbard, 


li 




New Hampshire 


24th 


ii 


John Bell, 


Tennessee. 


25th 


ii 


James K. Polk, 


a 


26th 


ii 


James K. Polk, 


ii 


27th 


ii 


R. M. T. Hunter, 


Virginia. 






r John White, 


Kentucky. 


28th 


11 


J John W. Jones, 


Virginia. 






(^ George W. Hopkins, 


(( 


29th 


li 


John W. Davis, 


Indiana. 


30th 


ii 


j Robert C. Winthrop, 
1 Armested Burt, 
Howell Cobb, 


Massachusetts. 
South Carolina. 


31st 


11 


Georgia. 


32d 


11 


Linn Boyd, 


Kentucky. 


33d 


u 


Linn Boyd, 


(( 


34th 


li 


Nathaniel P. Banks, 


Massachusetts. 


35th 


il 


James L. Orr, 


South Carolina. 



Appendix. 



PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE, 

VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Congresses. 






Ito 4. 


John Adams, 


Massachusetts. 


5 and 6. 


Thomas Jeiferson,' 


Virginia. 


7 and 8. 


Aaron Burr, 


New York. 


9 to 12 


Greorge Clinton,* 


a n 


13 and 14. 


Elbridge Gerrj,* 


Massachusetts. 


15 to 18. 


Daniel D. Tompkins, 


New York. 


19 to 22. 


John C. Calhoun,f 


South Carolina 


23 and 24. 


Martin Van Buren, 


New York. 


25 and 26. 


Bichard M. Johnson, 


Kentucky. 


27 


John Tyler,! 


Virginia. 


29 and 30. 


George M. Dallas, 


Pennsylvania. 


31. 


Millard Fillmore, § 


New York. 


32. 


William B. King, 


Alabama. 


33. 


(Vacant.) 




34. 


(Vacant.) 




35. 


John 0. Breckinridge, 


Kentucky. 



PPvESIDENTS OF THE SENATE— Pro few. 



1st Congress. John Langdon, 



2d 
3d 



4th 



5th 



6th 



/ Bichard Henry Lee, 
1 John Langdon, 
j Balph Izard, 
1 Henry Tazewell, 
J Samuel Livermore, 
\ William Bingham, 

f William Bradford, 

I Jacob Bead, 
< Theodore Sedgwick, 
John Lawrence, 

^ James Boss, 

r Samuel Livermore, 
J Uriah Tracy, 
1 John E. Howard, 
James Hilhouse, 



New Hampshire. 

Virginia. 

New Hampshire. 

South Carolina. 

Virginia. 

New Hampshire. 

Pennsylvania. 

Bhode Island. 

South Carolina. 

Massachusetts. 

New York. 

Pennsylvania. 

New Hampshire. 

Connecticut. 

Maryland. 

Connecticut. 



* Died in office. f Resigned December 28, 1832. 

X Became President by death of Harrison. 
i Became President by death of Taylor. 







Appendix. 




7th Cc 




/ Abraham Baldwin, 


Georgia. 


)ngress 


* I Stephen R. Bradley, 


Vermont. 






( John Brown, 


Kentucky. 


8th 


u 


< Jesse Franklin, 


North Carolina. 






(Joseph Anderson, 


Tennessee. 


9th 


u 


( Samuel Smith, 
\ Samuel Smith, 


Maryland. 




li, 






( Samuel Smith, 


a 


10th 


(( 


< Stephen R. Bradley, 


Vermont. 






^ John Milledge, 


Georgia. 






C Andrew Gregg, 


Pennsylvania. 


11th 


a 


< John Gaillard, 


South Carolina. 






John Pope, 


Kentucky. 


12th 


a 


r William H. Crawford, 
\ Joseph B. Varnum, 


Georgia. 




Massachusetts. 


13th 


a 


John Gaillard, 


South Carolina, 


14th 


a 


John Gaillard, 


a a 


15th 


a 


f John Gaillard, 


li u 




1 James Barbour, 


Virginia. 


16th 


li 


J James Barbour, 


u 




\ John Gaillard, 


South Carolina. 


17th 


a 


John Gaillard, 


a a 


18th 


a 


John Gaillard, 


li li 


19th 


a 


Nathaniel Macon, 


North Carolina. 


20th 


a 


f Nathaniel Macon, 


a u 




\ Samuel Smith, 


Maryland. 


21st 


a 


Samuel Smith, 


a 


22d 


a 


J Littleton W. Tazewell, 


Virginia. 




1 Hugh L. White, 


Tennessee. 


23d 


u 


( George Poindexter, 


Mississippi. 




\ John Tyler, 


Virginia. 


24th 


a 


William R. King, 


Alabama. 


25th 


Li 


William R. King, 


u 


26th 


a 


William R. King, 


u 


27th 


a 


Samuel L. Southard, 


New Jersey. 


28th 


a 


Willie P. Mangum, 


North Carolina, 


29 th 


a 


David R. Atchison, 


Missouri. 


30th 


a 


David R. Atchison, 


li 


31st 


a 


William R. King, 


Alabama. 


32d 


a 


William R. King, 


a 


33d 


ii 


David R. Atchison, 


Missouri. 


34th 


a 


Jesse D. Bright, 


Indiana. 


35th 


u 







Appendix. 



SECRETARIES OF THE SENATE. 



Names. 


States. 


Time of appoint- 
ment. 


Expiration of ser- 
vice. 


Samuel Alyne Otis 

Charles Cutts 


Ma,ssacliusetts.. 
N. Hampshire... 
Pennsylvania ... 
North Carolina.. 


8 April, 1789 

11 Oct. 1814 

12 Dec. 1825 
12 Dec. 1836 


18 April, 1814 

12 Dec. 1825 

5 Dec. 1836 

Present incum- 
bent. 









CLERKS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 



states. 



Time of appoint- 
ment. 



Expiration of ser- 



John Beckley 

Jonathan Williams Condy... 

John Holt Oswald 

John Beckley 

Patrick Magruder 

Thomas Dougherty 

Matthew St. Clair Clarke.... 

Walter S. Franklin 

Hugh A. Garland 

Matthew St. Clair Clarke.... 

Caleb J. McNulty 

Benjamin B. French 

Thomas Jefferson Campbell.. 

Richard M. Young 

John W. Forney 

William CuUom 

James C. Allen 



Virginia 

Pennsylvania 
Pennsylvania 

Virginia 

Maryland 

Kentucky 

Pennsylvania 
Pennsylvania 

Virginia 

Pennsylvania 

Ohio 

N. Hampshire 
Tennessee.. .. 

Illinois 

Pennsylvania 

Tennessee 

Illinois 



1 April, 
15 May, 

9 Dec. 

7 Dec. 
26 Oct. 
80 Jan. 

3 Dec. 

2 Dec. 

3 Dec. 
31 May, 

G Dee. 
18 Jan. 

7 Dec. 
17 April, 

1 Dec. 

4 Feb. 
6 Dec. 



1789 
1797 
1800 
1801 
1807 
1815 
1822 
1833 
1838 
1841 
1843 
1845 
1847 
1850 
1851 
1856 
1858 



15 May, 1797 

9 Dec. 1800 

7 Dec. 1801 
26 Oct. 1807 
28 Jan. 1815 

8 Dec. 1822 
2 Dec. 1833 

20 Sept. 1838 

31 May, 1841 

6 Dec. 1843 
18 Jan. 1845 

7 Dec. 1847 
13 April, 1850 

1 Dec. 1851 

4 Feb. 1856 

6 Dec. 1858 

Present incum- 
bent. 



Appendix. 



SUCCESSIVE ADMINISTRATIONS. 

FIEST ADMINISTRATION— 1789 to 1797.— Eight Years. 

President — George Washington, Virginia. 

Vice-President — John Adams, Massachusetts. 

Secretaries of State* — Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, September 
26, 1789; Edmund Randolph, of Virginia, January 2, 1794 ; Timothy 
Pickering, of Massachusetts, December 10, 1795. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Alexander Hamilton, of New York, 
September 11, 1789 ; Oliver AV^olcott, of Connecticut, February 3, 
1795. 

Secretaries of War and .of the Navy\ — Henry Knox, of Massa- 
chusetts, September 12, 1789; Timothy Pickering, of Massachusetts, 
January 2, 1794 ; James McHenry, of Maryland, January 27, 1796. 

Postmasters- General — Samuel Osgood, of Massachusetts, Septem- 
ber 26, 1789 ; Timothy Pickering, of Massachusetts, November 7, 
1791 ; Joseph Habersham, of Georgia, February 25, 1795. 

SECOND ADMINISTRATION— 1797 to 1801.— Fouk Years. 

President — John Adams, Massachusetts. 

Vice-President — Thomas Jefferson, Virginia. 

Secretaries of State — Timothy Pickering, continued -in office; 
John Marshall, of Virginia, May 13, 1800. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Oliver Wolcott, continued in office ; 
S. Dexter, of Massachusetts, December 31, 1800. 

Secretaries of War — James McHenry, continued in office ; S. 
Dexter, of Massachusetts, May 13, 1800 ; Roger Griswold, of Con- 
necticut, February 3, 1801. 

Secretaries of the Navy — George Cabot, of Massachusetts, May 3, 
1798, declined ; Benjamin Stoddert, of Maryland, May 21, 1798. 

Postmaster-General — Joseph Habersham, continued. 

* The Department of State was created by the Act of September 15, 17.59, 
previously to which, by Act of July 27, 1789, it was denominated the Depart- 
ment of Foreign Affairs. 

t The War Department, as created by Act of Congress of August 7, 1759, 
had also the superintendence of Naval Affairs. A separation took place in 
April, 1789, when a Navy Department was established. 



Appendix. 



THIRD ADMINISTEATION— 1801 to 1809.— Eight Years. 

President — Thomas Jefferson, Virginia. 

Vice-Presidents — Aaron Burr, New York ; George Clinton, 
New York. 

Secretary of State — James Madison, of Virginia, March 5, 1801. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — S. Dexter, continued in office ; Al- 
bert Gallatin, of Pennsylvania, January 26, 1802. 

Secretary of War — Henry Dearborn, of Massachusetts, March 4, 
1801. 

Secretaries of the Navy — Benjamin Stoddert, continued in office ; 
Robert Smith, of Maryland, January 26, 1802 ; Jacob Crownin- 
shield, of Massachusetts, March 2, 1805. 

Postmasters-Cfeneral — Joseph Habersham, continued in office; 
Gideon Granger, of Connecticut, January 26, 1802. 



FOUETH ADMINISTRATION— 1809 to 1817.— Eight Years. 

President — James Madison, Virginia. 

Vice-Presidents — George Clinton, New York ; Elbridge Gerry, 
Massachusetts. 

Secretaries of State — Robert Smith, of Maryland, March 6, 
1809; James Monroe, of Virginia, November 25, 1811. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Albert Gallatin, continued in office ; 
George W. Campbell, of Tennessee, February 9, 1814 ; Alexander 
J. Dallas, of Pennsylvania, October 6, 1814. 

Secretaries of War — William Eustis, of Massachusetts, March 7, 
1809; John Armstrong, of New York, January 19, 1813; James 
Monroe, of Virginia, September 26, 1814 ; William H. Crawford, of 
Georgia, March 2, 1815. 

Secretaries of the Navy — Paul Hamilton, of South Carolina, March 
7, 1809; William Jones, of Pennsylvania, January 12, 1813 ; Benja- 
min W. Crowninshield, of Massachusetts, December 17, 1814. 

Postmasters- General — Gideon Granger, continued in office; R. J. 
Meigs, of Ohio, March 17, 1814. 



Appendix. H 



FIFTH ADMINISTRATION— 1817 to 1825.— Eight Years. 

President — James Monroe, Virginia. 

Vice-President — Daniel D. Tompkins, New York. 

Secretary of State — Johii Q. Adams, of Massachusetts, March 3, 
1817. 

Secretary of the Treasury — William H. Crawford, of Georgia, 
March 5, 1817. 

Secretaries of War — Isaac Shelby, of Kentucky, March 5, 1817, 
declined the appointment ; John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, De- 
cember 16, 1817. 

Secretaries of the Navy — Benjamin W. Crowninshield, continued 
in office ; Smith Thompson, of New York, November 30, 1818 ; 
Samuel L. Southard, of New Jersey, December 9, 1823. 

Postmaster s-Qeneral — Return J. Meigs, continued in office; John 
McLean, of Ohio, December 9, 1823. 

SIXTH ADMINISTEATION— 1824 to 1829.— Four Years. 

President — John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts. 

Vice-President — John C. Calhoun, South Carolina. 

Secretary of State — Henry Clay, of Kentucky, March 8, 1825. 

Secretary of the Treasury — Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania, 
March 7, 1825. 

Secretaries of War — James Barbour, of Virginia, March 7, 1825 ; 
Peter B. Porter, of New York, May 26, 1828. 

Secretary of the Navy — Samuel L. Southard, continued in office. 

Postmaster- Cretieral — John McLean, continued in office. 

SEVENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1829 to 1837.— Eight Years. 

President — Andrew Jackson, Tennessee. 

Vice-Presidents — John C. Calhoun, South Carolina; Martin 
Van Buren, New York. 

Secretaries of State — Martin Van Buren, of New York, March 6, 
1829 ; Edward Livingston, of Louisiana, 1831 ; Louis McLane, of 
Delaware, 1833; John Forsyth, of Georgia, 1834. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Samuel D. Ingham, of Pennsyl- 



12 Appendix. 

vania, March 6, 1829 ; Louis McLane, of Delaware, 1831 ; William 
J. Duane, of Pennsylvania, 1833; Roger B. Taney, of Maryland, 

1833, (not confirmed by the Senate;) Levi Woodbury, of New Hamp- 
shire, 1834. 

Secretaries of War — John H. Eaton, of Tennessee, March 9, 1829; 
Lewis Cass, of Ohio, 1831. 

Secretaries of the Navy — John Branch, of North Carolina, March 9, 
1829 ; Levi Woodbury, of New Hampshire, 1831 ; Mahlon Dickerson, 
of New Jersey, 1834, 

Postmasters-Cfeneral — William T. Barry, of Kentucky, March 9, 
1829; Amos Kendall, of Kentucky, 1835.* 

EIGHTH ADMINISTRATION— 1837 to 1841.— Four Years. 

President — Map.tin Van Buren, New York. 

Vice-President — Richard M. Johnson, Kentucky. 

Secretary of State — John Forsyth, appointed June 27, 1834, re- 
signed March 3, 1841. 

Secretary of the Treasury — Levi Woodbury, appointed June 27, 
1884, resigned March 2, 1841. 

Secretary of War — Joel R. Poinsett, appointed March 7, 1837, 
resigned March 2, 1841. 

Secretaries of the Navy — Mahlon Dickerson, appointed June 30, 

1834, resigned June, 1838 ; James K. Paulding, appointed from 
June 30, 1838 ; resigned March 2, 1841. 

Postmasters- Gf-eneral — Amos Kendall, appointed May 1, 1835, 
resigned ; John M. Niles, appointed from May 25, 1840, resigned 
March 1, 1841. 

NINTH ADMINISTEATION— 1841 to 1845.— Four Years. 

President — General William Henry Harrison, Ohio. Died 
April 4, 1841. 

Vice-President — John Tyler, Virginia. 

President — John Tyler, Virginia, (from April 4, 1841.) 

* Before the accession of Andrew Jackson to the Presidency, the Postmaster- 
General was looked upon as the head of a bureau, but President Jackson invited 
Mr. Barry to a seat in his cabinet meetings, since which time the head of the 
Post-ofiice Department has been considered a regular member of the cabinet. 



Appendix. J3 

Secretaries of State — Daniel Webster, appointed March 5, 1841, 
resigned May 8, 1843 ; Hugh S. Legar^, appointed May 9, 1843, 
died June 20, 1843 ; Abel P. Upshur, appointed June 24, 1843, died 
February 28, 1844 ; John Nelson, acting, February 29, 1844 ; John 
C Calhoun, appointed March 6, 1844, resigned March 1, 1845. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Thomas Ewing, appointed March 5, 
1841, resigned ; Walter Forward, appointed September 13, 1841, 
resigned; George M. Bibb, appointed June 15, 1844, resigned 
March 3, 1845. 

Secretaries of War — John Bell, appointed March 5, 1841, re- 
signed ; John C. Spencer, appointed October 12, 1841, transferred 
to Treasury Department ; James M. Porter, appointed March 8, 
1843, rejected by the Senate ; William Wilkins, appointed February 
15, 1844, resigned March 3, 1845. 

Secretaries of the Navy — George E. Badger, appointed March 5, 
1841, resigned; Abel P. Upshur, appointed September 13, 1841, 
transferred to Department of State ; David Henshaw, appointed July 
24, 1843, rejected by the Senate ; Thomas W. Gilmer, appointed 
February 15, 1844, died February 28, 1844 ; John Y. Mason, ap- 
pointed March 14, 1844, resigned March 3, 1845. 

Postmasters- Creneral — Francis Granger, appointed March 6, 1841, 
resigned ; Charles A. Wickliffe, appointed September 13, 1841, re- 
signed March 3, 1845. 



TENTH ADMINISTEATION— 1845 to 1849.— Four Years. 

President — James Knox Polk, Tennessee. 

Vice-President — George M. Dallas, Pennsylvania. 

Secretary of State — James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania, appointed 
March 5, 1845. 

Secretary of the Treasury — Kobert J. Walker, of Mississippi, ap- 
pointed March 5, 1845. 

Secretary of War — William L. Marcy, of New York, appointed 
March 5, 1843. 

Secretary of the Navy — George Bancroft, of Massachusetts, ap- 
pointed March, 1845 ; John Y. Mason, of Virginia, appointed 1846. 

Postmaster- Cfeneral — Cave Johnson, of Tennessee, appointed 
March 5, 1845. 



14 Appendix. 



ELEVENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1849 to 1853.— Four Years. 

President — Zachart Taylor, Louisiana. Died Julj 9, 1850. 

Vice-President — Millard Fillmore, New York. 

President — Millard Fillmore, New York. Succeeded Zachary 
Taylor, on his death, July 9, 1850.. 

Secretaries of State — John M. Clayton, of Delaware, appointed 
March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850 ; Daniel Webster, of Massa- 
chusetts, appointed July 20, 1850, died October 24, 1852 ; Edward 
Everett, of Massachusetts, appointed November, 1852. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — William M. Meredith, of Pennsyl- 
vania, appointed March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850 ; Thomas 
Corwin, of Ohio, appointed July 20, 1850. 

Secretaries of War — George W. Crawford, of Georgia, appointed 
March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850; Charles M. Conrad, of 
Louisiana, appointed August 15, 1850. 

Secretaries of the Navy — William B. Preston, of Virginia, ap- 
pointed March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850 ; William A. Gra- 
ham, of North Carolina, appointed July 20, 1850, resigned 1852 ; 
John P. Kennedy, of Maryland, appointed 1852. 

Secretaries of the Interior — Thomas Ewing, of Ohio, appointed 
March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850 ; Alexander H. H. Stuart, of 
Virginia, appointed September 12, 1850. 

Postmasters-Gf-eneral — Jacob Collamer, of Vermont, appointed 
March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850 ; Nathan K. Hall, of New 
York, appointed July 20, 1850, resigned 1852; Samuel D. Hubbard, 
of Connecticut, appointed 1852. 

Attorneys- Gfeneral — Reverdy Johnson, of Maryland, appointed 
March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850 ; John J. Crittenden, of 
Kentucky, appointed July 20, 1850. 

TWELFTH ADMINISTRATION— 1853 to 1857.— Four Years. 

President — Franklin Pierce, New Hampshire. 

Vice-President — William R. King, Alabama. Died April 18, 
1853. 

Secretary of State — William L. Marcy, of New York, appointed 
March 7, 1853. 



Appendix. 15 

Secretary of the Treasury — James Guthrie, of Kentucky, ap- 
pointed March 7, 1853. 

Secretary of War — Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, appointed 
March 7, 1853. 

Secretary of the Navy — James C. Dobbin, of North Carolina, ap- 
pointed March 7, 1853. 

Secretary of the Interior — Robert McClelland, of Michigan, ap- 
pointed March 7, 1853. 

Postmaster- Creneral — James Campbell, of Pennsylvania, appointed 
March 7, 1853. 

Attorney- Greneral — Caleb Cushing, of Massachusetts, appointed 
March 7, 1853. 



THIRTEENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1857 to 1861.— Four Years. 

President — James Buchanan, Pennsylvania. 

Vice-President — John C. Breckinridge, Kentucky. 

Secretary of State — Lewis Cass, of Michigan, appointed March, 
1857. 

Secretary of the Treasury — Howell Cobb, of Georgia, appointed 
March, 1857. 

Secretary of War — John B. Floyd, of Virginia, appointed March, 
1857. 

Secretary of the Navy — Isaac Toucey, of Connecticut, appointed 
March, 1857. 

Secretary of the Interior — Jacob Thompson, of Mississippi, ap- 
pointed March, 1857. 

Postmaster- Creneral — Aaron V. Brown, of Tennessee, appointed 
March, 1857. 

Attorney-G-eneral — Jeremiah S. Black, of Pennsylvania, appointed 
March, 1857. 



16 Appendix. 



PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS. 



The election of the President and of the Vice-President, by Colleges of 
Electors, chosen in each State, was first proposed in the Convention for the 
formation of the Constitution, by James Wilson, a delegate from Pennsyl- 
vania. It was adopted after a prolonged discussion, and was regulated by 
an Act of Congress, of March 1, 1792. The Electors must be chosen within 
thirty-four days preceding the first Wednesday of December of the year in 
which an election of President and Vice-President takes place. They must be 
equal in number to all the Senators and Eepresentatives in Congress, but no 
Senator or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States 
can be appointed an Elector. The Electors were at first chosen in four different 
modes, viz. :■ — by joint ballot of the State Legislature, by a concurrent vote of 
the two branches of the State Legislature, by the people of the State, voting 
by general ticket, and by the people, voting in districts. This latter mode was 
evidently that which gave the fairest expression to public opinion, by approach- 
ing nearest to a direct vote. But those States which adopted it were placed at 
the disadvantage of being exposed to a division of their strength, and neutrali- 
zation of their vote ; while the Electors chosen by either of the other methods 
voted in a body on one side or the other, thus making the voice of the State 
decisively felt. This consideration induced the leading States of Massachusetts 
and of Virginia, which originally adopted the district system, to abandon it in 
1800. 

The Electors meet at the capitals of their respective States, on the first Wed- 
nesday of December, and vote by distinct ballots for President and Vice-Presi- 
dent, one of whom shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. 
They make lists of the number of votes given, and of the persons voted for, 
which they transmit sealed, by a special messenger, to the President of the Se- 
nate, at Washington. 

The Senate and the House of Eepresentatives having met in convention, on 
a day fixed, the President of the Senate opens all the certificates, and the votes 
are counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President is 
duly elected, if such a number be a majority of the whole number of Electors 
appointed. If no person have such majority, then from the persons having the 
highest number, not exceeding three, in the list of those voted for as President, 
the House of Eepresentatives shall choose, immediately and by ballot, the Pre- 
sident. If the House of Eepresentatives shall not choose a President, when- 
ever the right of choice devolves upon them, before the fourth of March next 
following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the 
death or other constitutional disability of the President. 

Should the offices of President and Vice-President both become vacant, it 
then becomes the duty of the Secretary of State to communicate information 
thereof to the Executive of each State, and to cause the same to be published 



Appendix. 



17 



in at least one newspaper in every State, giving two months' previous notice that 
Electors of President shall be chosen or appointed in the several States, within 
thirty-four days next preceding the first Wednesday in December ensuing, when 
the choice of President must proceed as usual. 



FIRST PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. 

George Washington was unanimously elected President, receiving 69 votes. 
John Adams was elected Yice-President, receiving 34 votes ; while John Jay had 
9 votes, Robert H. Harrison 6, John Rutledge 6, John Hancock 4, George Clin- 
ton 3, Samuel Huntington 2, James Armstrong 1, Edward Telfair 1, and Benja- 
min Lincoln 1. The Electors were : — 



New Hampshire. 
Benjamin Bellows, 
1. John Pickering, 2. John Parker, 



Caleb Davis, 

1. Samuel Phillips, Jr., 

2. Walter Spooner, 

3. Francis Dana, 



Massachusetts. 

4. Moses Gill, 

5. Samuel Henshaw, 

6. William Gushing, 

Connecticut. 



Samuel Hunlington, 

1. Oliver Wolcott, 3. Kichard Law, 

2. Thaddeus Burr, 



Ebenezer Thompson. 
3. John Sullivan. 



David Sewall. 

7. William Sever, 

8. William Shepard. 



Erastus Wolcott. 

6. Matthew Griswold. 



David Breasley, 

1. James Kinsey, 

2. John Rutherford, 

Edward Hand, 

1. George Gibson, 

2. James O'Harra, 

3. John Arndt, 

Gunning Bedford, 
1. John Baning. 

John Rogers, 

1. George Plater, 

2. Robert Smith, 

Patrick Henry, 

1. John Pride, 

2. Edward Stevens, 

3. Zachariah Johnston, 



4. Jedediah Huntington, 
New Jersey. 

3. John Neilson, 

Pennsylvania. 

4. David Grier, 

5. CoUinson Read, 

6. Samuel Potts, 

Delaware. 



David Moore. 

4. Matthias Ogden. 



James Wilson. 

7. Lawrence Keene, 

8. Alexander Graydon. 



Maryland. 

3. William Tilghman, 

4. William Richardson, 

Virginia. 

4. Anthony Walke, 

5. James AVood, 

6. David Stuart, 

2* 



George Mitchell. 



Philip Thomas. 

5. Alexander C. Hanson, 

6. William Mathews. 

W. Tikhugh. 

7. John Harvie, 

8. John Roane. 



18 



Appendix. 



South Carolina. 
Christopher Gadsden, Edward Rutledge. 

1. Henry Lawrens, 3. Charles C. Pinckney, 5. John F. Grimke. 

2. Arthur Simkins, 4. Thomas Heyward, Jr., 

Georgia. 
George Handley, John Wilson. 

1. George Walton, 2, H. Osborne, 3. John King. 



SECOND PEESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1793. 

GrEOKGE WASHINGTON was again unanimously elected President, receiving 132 
votes. John Adams was elected Yice-President, receiving 77 votes; while 
George Clinton had 50 votes, Thomas Jefferson 4, and Aaron Burr 1. The 
Electors were : — 



, Josiah Bartlett, 

1. John T. Gilman, 

2. John Pickering, 

Azor Orne, 

1. Samuel Holten, 

2. Ebenezer Mattson, Jr., 

3. Thomas Dawes, 

4. William Sever, 

5. Increase Sumner, 



New Hampshire. 
o. Jonathan Freeman, 

Massachusetts. 

6. Walter Spooner, 

7. Moses Gill, 

8. Solomon Freeman, 

9. William Shepard, 
10. Nathaniel Wells, 



Rhode Island. 
Arthur Fenner, 
1. George Champlin, 2. William Greene. 



Benjamin Bellows. 

4. Ebenezer Thompson. 



Francis Dana. 

11. Thompson J. Shinner, 

12. Daniel Cony, 
18. Dwight Foster, 
14. Peleg AVadsworth. 



Samuel J. Potter. 



Connecticut. 
Samuel Huntington, 

1. Oliver Wolcott, 4. Elijah Hubbard, 

2. Thomas Grosvenor, 5. Thomas Seymour, 

3. David Austin, 

Vermont. 
Samuel Hitchcock, 
1, Lot Hall, 2. Paul Brigham. 



John Davenport, Jr. 

6. Sylvester Gilbert, 

7. Marvin Wait. 



Lemuel Chipman. 



New York. 

Jesse Woodhull, David Van Ness. 

1. Edward Savage, 5. William Floyd, 8. Stephen Ward, 

2. Samuel Clark, 6. Volkert Veeder, 9. John Bay, 

3. Johannes Bruyn, 7. Abraham Ten Eyck, 10. Samuel Osgood. 

4. Abraham Yates, Jr., 



Appendix. 



19 



New Jersey. 
Thomas H. Sanderson, 

1. Richard Stockton, 3. Joseph Bloomfield, 

2. John W. Vancleve, 4. Samuel Dick, 



Aaron D. Woodruff. 

5. Franklin Davenport. 







Pennsylvania. 






William Henry, 




Robert Coleman. 


1. 


Joseph Huster, 


6. Robert Johnston, 


10. James Morris, 


2_ 


Thomas Bull, 


7. John Wilkins, Jr., 


11. George Latimer, 


3. 


Thomas McKean, 


8. John Boyd, 


12. Robert Hare, 


4. 


Cornelius Coxe, 


9. David Stewart, 


13. Hugh Lloyd. 


5. 


Henry Miller, 


Delaware. 






James Sykes, 




Gunning Bedford. 


1. 


William Hill Wells, 


Maryland. 






Alexander C. Hanson, 


John Seney. 


1. 


John E. Howard, 


4. William Smith,* 


7. William Richardson, 


2. 


Levin Winder, 


5. Richard Potts, 


8. Donaldson Yates. 


3. 


Thomas Lee, 


6. Samuel Hughes, ■**■ 
Virginia. 






John Wise, 




George Carrington. 


1. 


Nathaniel Wilkinson, 


8. Stephen T. Mason, 


14. John Bowyer, 


2. 


John Early, 


9. John Roane, Jr., 


15. Thomas Claiborne, 


3. 


William 0. Callis, 


10. Moses Hunter, 


16. Maxwell Armstrong, 


4. 


Catesby Jones, 


11, James Murdough, 


17. John Pride, 


5. 


Elias Langham, 


12. Archibald Stuart, 


, 18. Claiborne Watkins, 


6. 


Daniel C. Brent, 


13. Michael Bailey, 


19. Tarlton Woodson. 


7. 


John Dawson, 







North Carolina. 
Stephen Cahames, 

1. Alfred Moore, 5. Benjamin Smith, 

2. John Mocon, 6. John M. Binford, 

3. Joel Sane, 7. Matthew Lock, 

4. R. D. Spaight, 

South Carolina. 
Charles C. Pinckney, 

1. Andrew Pickens, 3. John Barnwell, 

2. John Hunter, 4. Edward Rutledge, 

Georgia. 
Benjamin Taliaferro, 
1. John King, 2. Seaborn Jones. 

Kentucky. 
R. C. Anderson, 
1. Benjamin Logan, 2. Notley Conn. 



John L. Taylor. 

8. Peter Dange, 

9. James Taylor, 
10. William Porter. 



John Chestnut. 

5. Robert Anderson, 

6. John Julius Pringle. 

William Gibbons. 



Charles Scott. 



* Not present. 



20 



Appendix. 



THIRD PEESIDBNTIAL ELECTION— 1797. 

John Adams was elected President, receiving the entire vote of New Hamp- 
shire, Massachusetts, Ehode Island, Connecticut, Yermont, New York, New 
Jersey and Delaware, with 10 scattering votes from other States, making 71 of 
the 140 votes cast. Thomas Jefferson was elected Yice-President, having the 
next highest number of votes, 68 ; while Thomas Pinkney had 58, Aaron Burr 
30, Samuel Adams 15, Oliver Ellsworth 11, George Clinton 7, John Jay 5, James 
Iredell 3, Samuel Johnston 2, George "Washington 2, John Henry 2, Charles C. 
Pinckney 1. The Electors were : — 

New Hampshire. 
John T. Gilman, Timothy Farrar. 

1. Oliver Peabody, 3. Benjamin Bellows, 4. Timothy Walker. 

2. Ebenezer Thompson, 



Elijah Dewey, 
1. Elisha Sheldon, 



Vermont. 
2. Oliver Gallup. 



John Bridgman. 



William Sever, 

1. Samuel Holton, 

2. Edward H. Robbins, 

3. Elbridge Gerry, 

4. Ebenezer Mattoon, 

5. Samuel Phillips, 



Massachusetts. 

6. Increase Sumner, 

7. Thomas Dawes, 

8. David Rosseter, 

9. Nathaniel Wells, 
10. Ebenezer Hunt, 



Stephen Longfellow. 

11. Elisha May, 

12. Joseph Allen, 

13. Thomas Rice, 

14. Ebenezer Bacon. 



Rhode Island. 
Arthur Fenner, 
1. George Cbamplin, 2. William Greene. 



Samuel J. Potter. 



Oliver Wolcott, 

1. Jeremiah Wads worth, 

2. Heman Swift, 

3. Elizur Goodrich, 

Lewis Morris, 

1. Richard Thorne, 

2. Peter Cantine, Jr., 

3. A. Ten Broeck, 

4. Obijah Hammond, 

John Neilson, 

1. Aaron Ogden, 

2. John Blackwood, 



Connecticut. 

4. William Hart, 

5. Elias Perkins, 

New York. 

5. A. Van Vechten, 

6. William Root, 

7. Peter Smith, 

New Jersey. 

3. Jonathan Rhea, 

4. William Colefax, 



Jonathan Trumbull. 

6. Jesse Root, 

7. Jonathan Sturges. 



R. Van Rensselaer. 

8. St. John Honeywood, 

9. Charles Newkirk, 
10. Johannes Miller. 



Caleb Newbold. 

5. Elisha Lawrence. 



Appendix. 



21 



Thomas McKean, 



1. James Boyd, 

2. Joseph Heister, 

3. William Brown, 

4. John Piper, 

5. John Whitehill, 



Pennsylvania. 

6. William Irvine, 

7. Peter Muhlenberg, 

8. Robert Coleman, 

9. Abraham Smith, 



Thomas Robinson, 
1. Richard Bassett. 



John R. Plater, 

1. Francis Deakins, 

2. John Gilpin, 

3. George Murdock, 



Delaware. 



MARrLAND. 



4. John Roberts, 

5. John Lynn, 

6. John Eccleston, 



John Smilie. 

10. Samuel Miles, 

11. Jacob Morgan, 

12. William Maclay, 

13. James Ilanna. 



Isaac Cooper. 



John Arche* 

7. Gabriel Duvall, 

8. John Done. 



William Nimmo, 

1. Nathaniel Wilkinson, 

2. David Saunders, 

3. John Taylor, 

4. Catesby Jones, 

5. Wilson C. Nicolas, 

6. D. Carroll Brent, 

7. William Madison, 

James Martin, 

1. Gabriel Raysdale, 

2. John Gray Blout, 

3. John Hamilton, 

4. William Edmunds, 



, Virginia. 

8. Levin Powell, 

9. Benjamin Temple, 

10. Moses H-unter, 

11. Josiah Riddick, 

12. Archibald Stuart, 

13. John Mason, 

North Carolina. 

5. James Bradley, 

6. John Hamilton, 

7. William Martin, 



South Carolina. 
Edward Rutledge, 

1. Andrew Pickens, 3. John Chesnut, 

2. William Thomas, 4. John Mathews, 



William Terry. 

14. John Bowyer, 

15. Robert Walker, 

16. John Brown, 

17. George Markham, 

18. Robert Crockett, 

19. Peter Johnson. 



Richard D. Spaight. 

8. Evan Alexander, 

9. Anthony Brown, 
10. Sterling Harwell. 



Arthur Simkins. 

5. Thomas Taylor, 

6. John Rutledge, Jr. 



James Jackson, 
1. Edward Telfair, 



Gjiorgia. 



2. William Barnett. 



Charles Abercrombie. 



Kentucky. 
Stephen Ormsby, Caleb Wallace. 

1. Isaac Shelby, 2. John Coburn. 



Daniel Smith, 
1. Joseph Greer. 



Tennessee. 



Hugh Neilson. 



22 



Appendix. 



FOURTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1801. 

Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr having eacli received 73 of the 128 
electoral votes cast, the choice devolved upon the House of Representatives. 
The 73 votes comprised all from the States of New York, Virginia, Kentucky, 
Tennessee, South Carolina and Georgia, with 8 from Pennsylvania, 5 from Mary- 
land, and 8 from North Carolina. John Adams had 65 votes, Charles C. Pinck- 
ney 64, and John Jay 1. The Electors were: — 



* New Hampshire. 

Oliver Peabody, Benjamin Bellows. 

3 . John Prentice, 3. Ebenezer Thompson, 4. Arthur Livermore. 

2. Timothy Farrar, 



Elijah Dewey, 
1. Jonathan Hunt, 



Vermont. 



Eoswell Hopkins. 



2. William Chamberlain. 



Massachusetts. 
Samuel Phillips, 

1. E. H. Bobbins, 6. John Hooker, 

2. Samuel Sewall, 7. Walter Spooner, 

3. David Rosseter, 8. Joseph Allen, 

4. Theophilus Bradbury, 9. William Sever, 



5. Ebenezer Hunt, 



10. S. S. Wilde, 



Francis Dana. 

11. William Baylies, 

12. Lemuel Weeks, 

13. Thomas Dawes, 

14. Andrew P. Fernald. 



Rhode Island. 
George Champlin, Oliver Davis. 

1. Edward Manton, 2. William Greene. 



Connecticut. 
Jonathan Trumbull, 

1. John Treadwell, 4. Matthew Griswold, 

2. Tapping Reeve, 5. Jonathan Sturges, 

3. Jesse Root, 



Isaac Ledyard, 

1 . Anthony Lispenard, 

2. Robert Ellis, 

3. P. Van Cortlandt, Jr., 

4. John Woodworth, 

Isaac Smith, 

1. Thomas Sinnickson, 

2. M. Williamson, Jr., 



New York. 

5. James Burt, 

6. J. Van Rensselaer, 

7. Gilbert Livingston, 

New Jersey. 

3. Richard Stockton, 

4. William Griffith, 



Jonathan IngersoU. 

6. J. 0. Moseley, 

7. Stephen M. Mitchell. 



Peter Van Ness. 

8. Jacob Eaker, 

9. Thomas Jenkins, 
10. William Floyd. 



Samuel S. Smith. 

5. Joshua L. Howell. 



Appendix. 



23 



Frederick Kuhn, 

1. James Armstrong, 

2. John Kean, 

3. George Ege, 

4. Jonas Hartzell, 

5. John Hubley, 

Kensey Johns, 
1. Samuel White. 



Pennsylvania. 

6. Gabriel Heister, 

7. William Hall, 

8. Presly Carr Lane, 

9. Samuel W. Fisher, 



Delaware. 



Samuel AVetherill. 

10. N. B. Borheau, 

11. James Crawford, Sr., 

12. Isaac Yan Horn, 

13. Robert Whitehill. 



Nathaniel Mitchell. 



Maryland. 

Edmund Plowden, Francis Deakins. 

1. George Murdock, 4. Perry Spencer, 7. Nicholas B. Moore, 

2. John Gilpin, 5. Gabriel Duvall, 8. Littleton Dennis. 

3. Martin Kershner, 6. William M. Robertson, 



George Wythe, 

1. William Newsum, 

2. Richard Brent, 

3. William H. Cabell, 

4. William Ellzey, 

5. James Madison, Jr., 

6. John Brown, 

7. John Page, 



Virginia. 

8. John Preston, 

9. Thomas Newton, 

10. Hugh Holmes, 

11. Joseph Jones, 

12. Archibald Stuart, 

13. William B. Giles, 



Walter Jones. 

14. John Shore, 

15. Creed Taylor, 

16. John Bowyer, 

17. Thomas Reade, Sr. 

18. Daniel Coleman, 

19. George Penn. 



William Tate, 

1. Joseph Winston, 

2. William Martin, 

3. Absalom Tatom, 

4. Bryan Whitfield, 

John Hunter, 

1. Paul Hamilton, 

2. Andrew Love, 



North Carolina. 

5. Spruce Macay, 

6. Nathan Mayo, 

7. Joseph Taylor, 

South Carolina. 

3. Robert Anderson, 

4. Joseph Blyth, 



Thomas Brown. 

8. Thomas Wynns, 

9. Gideon Alston, 
10. John Hamilton, 



Arthur Simkins. 

5. Theodore Gaillard, 

6. Wade Hampton. 



Georgia. 
John Morrison, Henry Graybill. 

1. Dennis Smelt, 2. David Blackshear. 

Kentucky. 
John Coburn, Charles Scott. 

1. John Pope, 2 Isaac Shelby 



Daniel Smith, 
1. John Locke. 



Tennessee. 



Robert Love. 



24 



Appendix. 



The House of Eepresentatives, on which devolved the choice between Jeffer- 
son and Burr, voted to commence balloting on Wednesday, the eleventh day of 
February, to attend to no other business while the election was pending, and not 
to adjourn until a choice was effected. Seats were provided upon the floor for 
the President and the Senators, but during the act of balloting the galleries were 
cleared of spectators, and the doors were closed. Upon the first ballot, New 
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Yirginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky 
and Tennessee, (8,) voted for Thomas Jefferson ; New Hampshire, Massachu- 
setts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware and South Carolina, (6,) voted for 
Aaron Burr; and the votes of Vermont and Maryland, (the representatives of 
which were divided,) were given blank. The balloting was continued, and the 
House remained in session, nominally without adjournment, for seven days» 
during which one hundred and four members were present. Some of them were 
so infirm or indisposed that it was necessary to provide beds for them, and one 
member, who was quite ill, was attended by his wife. On the thirty-sixth ballot, 
which was taken on the afternoon of the seventeenth, the votes of Delaware and 
South Carolina were given blank, while those of Vermont and Maryland were 
given to Mr. Jefferson, and elected him. The Yice-Presidency, of course, de- 
volved upon Mr. Burr. 



FIFTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1805. 



Thomas Jefferson was re-elected President, receiving 162 of the 176 votes 
cast. This comprised the entire electoral vote of all the States, except Con- 
necticut, Delaware and Maryland; the two first of which threw their full vote 
for Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, and the last gave nine votes for Mr. Jefferson 
and two for Mr. Pinckney. George Clinton was elected Yice-President by the 
same majority and vote, Rufus Bang receiving fourteen votes. The Electors 
were : — 









New Hampshire. 






John Goddard, 






Robert Alcock. 


1. 


Levi Bartlet, 


3. 


Timothy Walker. 


5. William Tarlton. 


2. 


George Aldrich, 

Josiali Wright, 


4. 


Jonathan Steele, 
Vermont. 


Nathaniel Niles. 


1. 


Samuel Shaw, 


3. 


Ezra Butler, 


4. John Noyes. 


2. 


William Hunter, 

James Sullivan, 




Massachusetts. 


Timothy Newell. 


1. 


Elbridge Gerry, 


7. 


Thomas liitteridge, 


13. James Warren, 


2. 


John Whiting, 


8. 


John Woodman, 


14. John Farley, 


3. 


James Bowdoin, 


9. 


James Winthrop, 


15. John Davis, 


4. 


John Bacon, 


10. 


Charles Turner, 


16. Jonathan Smith, 


5. 


John Huthorne, 


11. 


Edward Upham, 


17. Josiah Deane. 


6. 


William Heath, 


12. 


Thomas Fillebrown, 





Appendix. 



25 



Rhode Island. 
Constant Taber, James Helme. 

1. James Aldrich, 2. Benjamin Remington. 









Connecticut. 




Jonatlian Trumbull. 




1. 


John Treadwell, 


4. 


Asher Miller, 


2. 


David Smith, 


5. 


David Daggett, 


3. 


Oliver Ellsworth, 




New York. 




Sylvester Dening, 




1. 


James Fairlie, 


7, 


Ezra Thompson, 


2. 


Thomas Brooks, 


8. 


Jonas Earl, 


3. 


Cornelius Bergen, 


9. 


John Wood, 


4. 


Matthias B. Hildreth, 


10. 


Joseph EUicott, 


5. 


John Herring, 


11. 


Conrad I. Elmendorff, 


6. 


William Floyd, 


12. 


Henry Quackinboss, 



Lewis B. Sturges. 

6. Sylvester Gilbert, 

7. Joshua Huntington. 



John Cramer. 

13. Stephen Miller, 

14. Adam Comstock, 

15. Albert Pawling, 

16. Abraham Bancker, 

17. Isaac Sara-ent. 



New Jersey. 
Solomon Freligh, 

1. Alexander Carmichael, 3. Phineas Manning, 

2. Moore Furman, 4. Jacob Hufty, 



Thomas Newbold. 

5. William Rassell, 

6. Abijah Smith. 



Pennsylvania. 
Charles Thompson, 



1. 


William Montgomery, 


7. 


William Brooke, 


2. 


John Bowman, 


8. 


Jacob Hostetter, 


3. 


Matthew Lawler, 


9. 


Thomas Long, 


4. 


William Brown, 


10. 


Jacob Bonnett, 


5. 


Robert Mc Mullen, 


11. 


Francis Swaine, 


6. 


George Smith, 


12. 


James Montgomery, 



Casper Shafifner, Jr. 

13. Henry Spering, 

14. John Minor, 

15. James Boyd, 

16. John Hamilton, 

17. Peter Frailey, 

18. Nathaniel Irish. 



Maxwell Bines, 
1. George Kennard. 

John Parnham, 

1. Joseph Wilkinson, 

2. John Gilpin, 

3. John Johnson, 



Delaware. 



Maryland. 



4. William Gleaves, 

5. Edward Johnson, 

6. Perry Spencer, 



Thomas Fisher, 



Tobias E. Stansbury. 

7. John Tyler, 

8. Ephraim K. Wilson, 

9. Frisby Tilghman. 



Richard Evers Lee, 

1. John Goodrich, 

2. Thomas Read, 

3. Edward Pegram, 

4. Creed Taylor, 

5. William H. Cabell, 

6. John Taliaferro, Jr., 

7. George Penn, 

8. Richard Brent, 



ee. 


Virginia. 


Richard Field. 


9. 


George Wythe, 


16. Archibald Stuart, 


10. 


Hugh Holmes, 


17. William Ellzey, 


11. 


John Taylor, 


18. James McFarlane, 


12. 


James Dailey, 


19. William Dudley, 


13. 


Larkin Smith, 


20. John Preston, 


14. 


James Allen, 


21. Mann Page, 


15. 


John Slinor, 


22. WUliam McKinley. 



26 



Appendix. 



Felix Walker, 

1. Peter Forney, 5. 

2. Lemuel Sawyer, 6. 

3. Joseph Williams, 7. 

4. James Jones, 8. 



John Blake, 

1. John Gaillard, 4. 

2. Arthur Simkins, 5. 

3. Thomas Taylor, 6. 

Edward Telfair, 

1. David Emanuel, 3. 

2. John Rutherford, 

Charles Scott, 

1. John Coburn, 3. 

2. Ninian Edwards, 4. 

David Deaderich, 
1. Richard Mitchell, 2. 



William Goforth, 
1. Nathaniel Massie. 



North Carolina. 

Montford Stokes, 
Reading Blount, 
Solomon Graves, 
Bryan Whitfield, 

South Carolina. 

William Hill, 
Joseph Blythe, 
James Miles, 

Georgia. 

Henry Graybill, 

Kentucky. 

Hubbard Taylor, 
Joseph Lewis, 

Tennessee. 

George Ridley, 

Ohio. 



Robert Cochran. 

9. Joseph Taylor, 

10. Samuel Ashe, Sr., 

11. Joseph John Alston, 

12. Gideon Alston. 



Samuel Warren. 

7. Joseph Calhoun, 

8. John Taylor. 



James B. Maxwell. 
4. David Cresswell. 



Isaac Shelby. 

5. William Irvine, 

6. William Roberts. 



William Martin. 

3. Robert Houston. 

James Pritchard. 



SIXTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1809. 

James Madison was elected President, having received the entire electoral 
vote of Vermont, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, 
and Ohio, and 13 of the 19 votes of New York, 9 of the 11 of Maryland, and 11 
of the 14 of North Carolina — in all 122 of the 175 votes cagt; George Clinton 
received 6 votes of New York, and the balance (47) were given to Charles Cotes- 
worth Pinckney. George Clinton was elected Vice-President, receiving 113 
votes, while Rufus King had 47, James Madison 3, and James Monroe, 3. The 
Electors were : — 

New Hampshire, 
Jeremiah Smith, 

1. Oliver Peabody, 3. Samuel Hale, 

2. Benjamin West, 4. Jonathan Franklin, 



Timothy Farrar. 

5. Robert Wallace. 



Israel Smith, 

1. Jonas Galusha, 

2. James Tarbox, 



Vermont. 



3. John White, 



Samuel Shepardson. 
4. William Cahoon. 



Appendix. 



2?. 



Caleb Strong, 

1. Francis Dana, 

2. Ebenezer Warren, 

3. John Brooks, 

4. Samuel Tobey, 

5. Moses Brown, 

6. Joshua Thomas, 



Massachusetts. 

7. William Bartlett, 

8. Lemuel Williams, 

9. Ebenezer Bridge, 

10. Andrew Fernald, 

11. Benjamin Heywood, 

12. Samuel Freeman, 



Daniel Dewey. 

13. Josiah Stearns, 

14. Samuel S. Wilde, 

15. John Hooker, 

16. Jeremiah Bailey, 

17. John Barrett. 



Rhode Island. 
Thomas P. Ives, 
1. C. Fowler, 2. Thomas Noyes. 



James Rhodes. 



Connecticut. 





Jonathan Trumbull 




John Cotton Smith. 


1. 


John Treadwell, 


4. 


Jesse Root, 


6. Frederick Wolcott, 




3. 


Stephen T. Hosmer, 
David Daggett, 


5. 


Roger Griswold, 
New York. 


7. Samuel W. Johnson. 




Ambrose Spencer, 




Henry Yates, Jr. 


1. 


Henry Huntington, 


7. 


John Garretson, 


13. James Tallmage, 


2. 


Benjamin Mooers, 


8. 


William Hallock, 


14. Hugh Jamison, 


o 


John W. Seaman, 


9. 


Ebenezer White, 


15. Jonathan Rouse, 


4. 


Adam B. Vroman, 


10. 


Russel Atwater, 


16. Matthew Carpenter, 


5. 


Henry Rutgers, 


11. 


Thomas Lawrence, 


17. Micajah Petit, 


6. 


Thomas Shankland, 
James Mott, 


12. 


Joseph Simonds, 
New Jersey. 


i 

Benjamin Egbert. 


1. 


James Morgan, 


3. 


Amos Harrison, 


5. David Welsh, 


2. 


Thomas Hendry, 


4. 


George Burgin, 
Pennsylvania. 


6. Abijah Smith, 



Charles Thomson, 



1. Thomas Leiper, 

2. James Cowden, 

3. Michael Leib, 

4. William Wilson, 

5. Joseph Engle, 

6. Robert Griffen, 



7. William Rodman, 

8. Jacob Hostetter, 

9. Archibald Darrah, 

10. David Fullerton, 

11. Jacob Weygandt, 

12. Peter Kenimell, 



Adamson Tannehill, 

13. Joseph Lefevre, 

14. Joseph Huston, 

15. Gabriel Heister, Jr. 

16. William Montgomery, 

17. George Hartman, 

18. John McDowell, 



Delaware. 



James Booth, 
1. Nicolas Ridgely. 

John R. Plater, 

1. Robert Bowie, 

2. Thomas W. Veazey, 

3. Edward Johnson, 



Daniel Rodney, 



Maryland, 

Tobias E. Stansbury, 

4. Richard Tilghman, 7. John Tyler, 

5. John Johnson, 8. Henry James Carroll, 

6. Earle Perry Spencer, 9. Nathaniel Rochester. 



28 



Appendix. 



ViKGINIA. 

Joseph Goodwin, Sr. 
1. Edward Pegram, Sr. 9. Hugh Nelson, 



2. Eobert Nelson, 

3. Richard Field, 

4. Mann Page, 

5. Thomas Read, 

6. Richard Barnes, 

7. Joseph Eggleston, 

8. John T. Brooke, 

Francis Locke, 

1. Thomas Wynns, 

2. Kemp Plummer, 

3. Samuel Ashe, Sr. 

4. Joseph Taylor, 



10. Hugh Holmes, 

11. George Penn, 

12. Osborne Sprigg, 

13. Philip N. Nicholas, 

14. James Allen, 

15. Spencer Roane, 

North Cakolina. 

5. Murdoch McKenzie, 

6. Peter Forney, 

7. Robert Love, 

8. James Rainey, 



Benjamin Harrison. 

16. Archibald Stuart, 

17. John Roane, 

18. Andrew Russell, 

19. Robert Taylor, 

20. John Preston, 

21. Gustavus B. Horner, 

22. William McKinley. 



Robert Cleveland. 
9. John Winslow, 

10. Joseph Riddick, 

11. William Gaston, 

12. Henry I. Toole. 



Joseph Gist, 

1. John Wilson, 

2. Langdon Cheves, 

3. John McMonies, 



South Carolina. 

4. Paul Hamilton, 

5. William Strother, 

6. Samuel Mays, 



Joseph Bellinger. 

7. William Zimmerman, 

8. William Rouse. 



Georgia. 
John Rutherford, 

1. John Twiggs, 3. Henry Graybill, 

2. Christopher Clark, 

Kentucky. 
Samuel Hopkins, 

1. William Logan, 3. Matthew Walton, 

2. Robert Trimble, 4. Hubbard Taylor, 

Tennessee. 
James Robertson, 
1. William Martin, 2. James Sevier, 



David Meriwether. 

4. James E. Houston. 



Charles Scott. 

5. Robert Ewing, 

6. Christopher Greenup. 



Joseph Greer. 

3. Baldwin Hale. 



Nathaniel Massie, 
1. Stephen Wood. 



Ohio. 



Thomas McCune. 



Appendix. 



29 



SEVENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1813. 

James Madison was re-elected President, having received the entire electoral 
vote of Yermont, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, 
Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, and Louisiana, and 6 of the 11 votes of Maryland — 
in all 128 of the 217 votes cast; the balance (89) were given for DeWitt Clinton, 
of New York. Elbridge Gerry was elected Vice-President, receiving 131 
votes : while Jared Ingersoll had 86. The Electors were : — 



John Goddard, 

1. Oliver Peabody, 

2. Benjamin West, 



New Hampshire. 

3. Samuel Hale, 

4. Caleb Ellis, 



Timothy Farrar. 

5. Nathan Taylor, 

6. Jonathan Franklin. 



Nathaniel Niles, 

1. Noah Chittenden, 

2. William A. Griswold, 



Vermont. 

3. William Slade, 

4. Elihu Luce, 



Josiah Wright. 

5. John H. Andrus, 

6. Mark Richards. 



AVilliam Heath, 

1. Harrison G. Otis, 

2. Joshua Thomas, 

3. Nathan Dane, 

4. David Scudder, 

5. Jeremiah Nelson, 

6. Lathrop Lewis, 

7. Abraham Bigloe, 



Massachusetts. 

8. Nathaniel Goodwin, 

9. John Walker, 

10. Samuel Parris, 

11. George Bliss, 

12. Abiel Wood, 

13. Benjamin Heywood, 

14. Lemuel Paine, 



John W. Hurlbert. 

15. Eleazer James, 

16. James McLellan, 

17. E. Williams, 

18. William Crosby, 

19. Isaac Maltby, 

20. Israel Thorndike. 



Rhode Island. 
Christopher Fowler, 
1. Samuel G. Arnold, 2. Ephraim Bowen. 



William Rhodes. 



Connecticut. 
Nathaniel Terry, 

1. Theodore Dwight, 4. Stephen T. Hosmer, 

2. James Gould, 5. Calvin Goddard, 

3. David Daggett, 

New York. 

William Kirby, 
P. Van Cortlandt, 
Henry Frey, 
John Chandler, 
Tho. H. Hubbard, 
Henry Huntington, 
John Russell, 
John Woodworth, 
James S. Kipp, 



Joseph C. Yates, 

1. Simeon De Witt, 10. 

2. Robert Jenkins, 11. 

3. Archibald Mclntyre, 12. 

4. M. S. Van Dercook, 13. 

5. John C. Hodgeboom, 14. 

6. George Palmer, Jr. 15. 

7. G. S. Mumford, 16. 

8. James Hill, 17. 

9. J. Delamontagnie, 18. 



Daniel Putnam. 

6. Jonathan Barnes, 

7. S. B. Sherwood. 



David Van Ness. 

19. David Boyd, 

20. Jotham Jayne, 

21. Cornelius Bergen, 

22. Jonathan Stanley, Jr. 

23. Joseph Perine, 

24. William Burnet, 

25. Chauncey Belknap, 

26. George Rosecrantz, 

27. John Dill. 



30 



Appendix. 



New Jersey. 

Matthew Whillden, William Griffith. 

1. William B. Ewing, 3. Franklin Davenport, 5. Jacob Losey, 

2. Elias Conoyer, 4. Andrew Howell, 6. William McGill. 



Walter Franklin, 

1. David Mitchell, 9. 

2. David FuUerton, 10. 

3. Paul Cox, 11. 

4. Samuel Smyth, 12. 

5. Isaac Worrell, 13. 

6. Robert Smith, 14. 

7. Michael Baker, 15. 

8. Nathaniel Mickler, 16. 



Pennsylvania. 

Joseph Engle, 
Chas. Shoemaker, 
James Fulton, 
James Mitchell, 
Isaiah Davis, 
John Murray, 
John Whitehill, 
Clement Paine, 



Hugh Glasgow. 

17. Edward Crouch, 
Jr. 18. Joseph Reed, 

19. Henry AUshouse, 

20. Alexander Dysart, 

21. James Stephenson, 

22. David Mead, 

23. Abia Minor. 



Jas. L. Claji-ton, 
1. Benjamin Blackiston, 



Delawabe. 



2. Thomas Fisher. 



James Sykes. 



Maryland. 
Henry H. Chapman, 

1. Edward H. Calvert, 4. Thomas Worrell, 

2. Thomas W. Veazey, 5. John Stephen, 

3. Edward Johnson, 6. Edward Lloyd, 



Tobias E. Stansbury. 

7. Henry Williams, 

8. Littleton Dennis, 

9. Daniel Kentch. . 



Richard Henry Lee, 



Virginia. 



1. Benjamin Harrison, 

2. Robert Nelson, 

3. Edward Pegram, 

4. Mann Page, 

5. Richard Field, 

6. Walter Jones, 

7. Thomas Read, 

8. John T. Brooke, 



9. Matthew Cheatham, 

10. Hugh Holmes, 

11. William Armistead, 

12. Daniel Morgan, 

13. Charles Yancey, .^ 

14. Archibald Rutherford, 

15. George Penn, 

16. Archibald Stuart, 



Gustavus B. Horner. 

17. W. G. Poindexter, 

18. Andrew Russell, 

19. Spencer Roane, 

20. Charles Taylor, 

21. Sthreshly Rennolds, 

22. W. McKinley, 

23. Robert Taylor. 



North Carolina. 
William H. Murfree, 

1. Redar Ballard, 6. Montfort Stokes, 

2. James Rainey, 7. James W. Clarke, 

3. James Bright, 8. Joseph Uniston, 

4. Francis Locke, 9. H. G. Burton, 

5. Thomas D. King, 

South Carolina. 
James Campbell, 

1. John Johnson, 4. William Smith, 

2. John McCreary, 5. William Caldwell, 

3. Andrew Pickens, 6. William Alston, 



James Mebane. 

10. Jonathan Hampton, 

11. Thomas Davis, 

12. Henry Massey, 

13. Kemp Plummer. 



Reuben Starke. 

7. Samuel Johnson, 

8. Richard Singleton, 

9. Sampson Butler. 



Appendix. 



31 



Daniel Stewart, 

1. Henry Graybill, 

2. Oliver Porter, 



Robert Ewing, 

1. William Casey, 

2. Robert jVIosby, 

3. Samuel Murrell, 

4. Hubbard Taylor, 

E. K. Dulany, 

1. Henry Bradford, 

2. Thomas Washington, 



Georgia. 

3. Charles Harris, 

4. Henry Mitchell, 

Kentucky. 

5. Samuel Caldwell, 

6. Duval Payne, 

7. Richard Taylor, 

Tennessee. 

3. .James Trimble, 

4. David McEwen, 



John Twiggs. 

5. .John Rutherford, 
G. John Howard. 



William Irvine. 

8. Walker Baylor, 

9. William Logan, 
10. T. D. Owings. 



William Trigg. 

5. James McCampbell, 

6. Thomas Johnson. 



.John Jones, 

1. Matthias Corwin, 

2. D. Abbott, (not present) 



Ouio. 

3. David Purviance, 

4. Thomas Ijams, 



James Pritchard. 

5. James Dunlap, 

6. John Hamm. 



Julien Poydras, 
1. Philemon Thomas. 



Louisiana. 



Stephen A. Hopkins. 



EIGHTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1817. 

James Monroe was elected President, having received the entire electoral 
vote of every State except Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Delaware — in all 
183 of the 217 votes cast; the remaining 34 being given for Rufus King. Daniel 
D. Tompkins was elected Yice-President, receiving 183 votes ; while John E. 
Howard had 22 votes, James Ross 5, John Marshall 4, and Robert G. Harper 3. 
The Electors were : — 



New Hampshire. 
Thomas Manning, 

1. Benjamin Butler, 3. William Badger, 

2. Jacob Tuttle, 4. Thomas C. Drew, 



Richard PL Ayer. 

5. Amos Cogswell, 

6. Dan Young. 



J. Robinson, 

1. ApoUas Austin, 

2. Asaph Fletcher, 



Vermont. 

3. Robert Holly, 

4. John H. Cotton, 



James Roberts. 

5. William Brayton, 

6. Isaiah Fisk. 



32 



Appendix. 



Christopher Gore, 

1. Prentiss Mellan, 8. 

2. Jonas Kendall, 9. 

3. Israel Thorndike, 10. 

4. E. H. Robbins, 11. 

5. Benj. Pickman, Jr. 12. 

6. John Low, 13. 

7. David A. White, 14. 



Massachusetts. 

S. Longfellow, Jr. 
Joseph Locke, 
William Abbot, 
Thomas Dwight, 
Timothy Routelle, 
Peter Bryant, 
Luther Carey, 



Rhode Island. 
James Fenner, 
1. Thomas Pitman, 2. Dutee Arnold. 



Bezabeel Taft. 

15. Daniel Howard, 

16. William Phillips, 

17. Wendell Davis, 

18. Josiah Stebbins, 

19. Seth Washburn, 

20. Thomas H. Perkins. 



Edward Wilcox. 



.Jonathan Ingersoll, 

1. Nathaniel Terry, 4. 

2. Elisha Sterling, 5. 

3. Seth P. Staples, 

Henry Rutgers, 

1. Lemuel Chipman, 10. 

2. Artemus Aldrich, 11. 

3. John W. Seaman, 12. 

4. Henry Becker, 1 3. 

5. Jacob Drake, 14. 

6. Aaron Searing, 15. 

7. James Farlie, 16. 

8. Israel W. Clark, 17. 

9. Augustus Wright, 18. 



Connecticut. 

Elijah Hubbard, 
Jirah Isham, 

New York. 

Daniel Root, 
P. S. Van Orden, 
Montgomery Hunt, 
J. W. Van Wyck, 
NichoU Fosdick, 
J. D. Monell, 
E. Edmonds, 
John Blake, Jr. 
George Petit. 



William Perkins. 

6. Asa Willey, 

7. S. W. Johnson. 



Alexander McNish. 

19. Jacob Wertz, 

20. Richard Townley, 

21. Gabriel North, 

22. Samuel Lawrence, 

23. Charles E. Dudley, 

24. Nathaniel Rochester, 

25. Benjamin Smith, 

26. Worthy L Churchel, 

27. Samuel Lewis. 



Lewis Moore, 

1. Aaron Kitchell, 

2. Daniel Garrison, 



New Jersey. 

3. David Welsh, 

4. William Rossell, 



Charles Ogden. 

6. John Crowell, 
6. Robert McNeely. 



Paul Cox, 

1. David Mitchell, 

2. James Wilson, 

3. John Geyer, 

4. Gabriel Heister, 

5. Daniel Bussier, 

6. .James Meloy, 

7. John Conrad, 

8. James Banks, 



Pennsylvania. 

9. William Brooke, 

10. Robert Clark, 

11. Isaac Anderson, 

12. Abiel Fellows, 

13. Matthew Roberts, 

14. David Marchand, 

15. John Mohler, 

16. Thomas Patterson, 



M. Fackenthal. 

17. John Harrison, 

18. Joseph Huston, 

19. Jacob Hostetter, 

20. Samuel Scott, 

21. John Rea, 

22. James Alexander, 

23. William Gilliland. 



Delaware. 
Thomas Robinson, 
1. Isaac Tunnell, 2. Nicholas Ridgely. 



Andrew Barratt. 



Appendix. 



33 



Maryland. 
William D. Beall 

1. Joseph Kent, 4. Benjamin Massy, 

2. William C. Miller, 5. John Stephen, 

3. Edward Johnson, 6. Thomas Ennalls, 



George Warner. 

7. John Buchanan, 

8. Littleton Dennis, 

9. Lawrence Brengle. 



George Newton, 

1. Charles H. Graves, 

2. Hugh Holmes, 

3. John Pegram, 

4. Archibald Kutherford, 

5. John Purnall, 

6. Archibald Stuart, 

7. Joseph C. Cabell, 

8. Andrew Russell, 



Virginia. 

9. Charles Yancey, 

10. Charles Taylor, 

11. Spencer Roane, 

12. Robert B. Starke, 

13. Sthreshly Reynolds, 

14. William Archer, 

15. Robert Taylor, 

16. Benjamin Cook, 



John T. Brooke. 

17. Isaac Foster, 

18. Wm. Brockenbrough, 

19. Brazure W. Pryor, 

20. Daniel Morgan, 

21. William Jones, 

22. John Edie, 

23. William Lee Ball. 



Robert Love, 

1. Jesse Franklin, 

2. John Hall, 

3. Peter Forney, 

4. Thomas Wynns, 

5. Francis Locke, 



North Carolina. 

6. Joseph Riddick, 

7. Abraham Phillips, 

8. James Hoskins, 

9. Alexander Gray, 



Nathaniel Jones. 

10. Vine Allen, 

11. Joseph Pukett, 

12. Thomas D. King, 

13. Thomas Ruffin. 



South Carolina. 
William Garrett, 

1. Philemon Bradford, 4. Thomas Lee, 

2. Thomas Evans, 5. Frederick Nance, 

3. William McKeralls, 6. John L. Wilson, 



James Duff. 

7. John Thomas, 

8. Joseph Reid, 

9. Richard B. Screven. 



David Adams, 

1. John Mcintosh, 

2. John Clark, 



Georgia. 

3. Jared Irwin, 

4. John Rutherford, 



Charles Harris. 

5. Henry Mitchell, 

6. David Meriwether. 



Duvall Payne, 

1. Hubbard Taylor, 

2. William Logan, 

3. Robert Trimble, 

4. Alexander Adair, 



Kentucky. 

5. Thomas Bodley, 

6. Samuel Caldwell, 

7. Willis A. Lee, 



Richard Taylor. 

8. Samuel Murrell, 

9. William Irvine, 
10. Robert Ewing. 



Tennessee. 
Alfred M. Carter, Robert Allen. 

1. Joseph Hamilton, 3. David Campbell, 5. Adam Huntsman 

2. M. McClanohan, 4. Samuel Buchanan, 6. James Baxter. 

3* 



34 



Appendix. 



Ohio. 
John G. Young, 

1. Aaron Wheeler, 3. John Patterson, 

2. Othniel Looker, 4. Benjamin Haugh, 



Abraham Shepherd. 

5. William Skinner, 

6. James Curry. 



Jesse L. Holman, 
1. Joseph Bartholomew. 

Garrigues Flanjac, 
1. John Pi. Grimes. 



Indiana. 



Louisiana. 



Thomas H. Blake. 



Squire Lea. 



NINTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1821. 

James Monroe was re-elected President, receiving tlie entire electoral vote 
of every State (228) except New Hampshire, of which one vote was thrown for 
John Quincy Adams. Daniel D. Tompkins was elected Vice-President, receiv- 
ing 215 votes ; while Richard Stockton had 8 votes, Daniel Rodney 4, Robert G-. 
Harper 1, and Richard Rush 1. The Electors were: — 



New Hampshiee. 
William Pliimer, 

1. David Barker, 3. William Fisk, 

2. Nathaniel Shannon, 4. Ezra Bartlett, 



John Pendexter. 

5. Samuel Dinsmoor, 

6. James Smith. 



.James Galusha, 

1. Gilbert Denison, 

2. Daniel A. A. Buck, 



Vekmont. 

3. Pliny Smith, 

4. Ezra Butler, 



William Slade, Jr. 

5. Aaron Leland, 

6. Timothy Stanley. 



John Adams, 

1. William Phillips, 

2. Thomas H. Blood, 
8. William Gray, 

4. Jonas Sibley, 

5. Daniel Webster, 

James Fenner, 
1. Dutee J. Pearce, 



Massachusetts. 

Seth Sprague. 

6. Ezra Starkweather, 10. John Davis, 

7. B. W. Crowninshield, 

8. Wendell Davis, 

9. John Heard, 



11. Samuel Dana, 

12. Joseph Woodbridge, 

13. Ebenezer Mattoon. 



Rhode Island. 



2. Dutee Arnold. 



Robert F. Noyes. 



Henry Seymour, 

1. Samuel Welles, 

2. William Cogswell, 
8. William Moseley, 



Connecticut. 

Isaiah Loomis. 

4. John Alsop, 6. S. W. Crawford, 

5. Ebenezer Brockway, 7. Samuel H. Phillips. 



Appendix. 



m 









New York. 








William Floyd, 






John 


Baker. 


1. 


Henry Rutgers, 


10. 


Ferrand Stranahan, 


19. 


David Hammond, 


2. 


John Walworth, 


11. 


Jacob Odell, 


20. 


Wm. B. Rochester, 


3. 


Abel Huntington, 


12. 


Henry Wager, 


21. 


Mark Spencer, 


4. 


Daniel McDougall, 


13. 


Peter Waring, 


22. 


Charles Thompson, 


5 


Edward Severich, 


14. 


Elisha Harnham, 


23. 


Benjamin Knower, 


6. 


Seth Wetmore, 


15. 


Edward P. Livingston, 24. 


Philetus Swift, 


7. 


Isaac Lawrence, 


16. 


Jonathan Collins, 


25. 


Gilbert Eddy, 


8. 


Latham A. Burrows, 


17. 


Peter Millikin, 


26. 


James Brisban, 


9. 


John Targee, 


18. 


Samuel Nelson, 
New Jersey, 


27. 


Howell Gardner. 




David Mills, 






Samuel L. Southard. 


1. 


John Wilson, 


3. 


John Crowell, 


5. 


Aaron Vansychel, 


2. 


Joseph Budd, 


4. 


Isaiah Shinn, 
Pennsylvania. 


6. 


John L. Smith. 




Thomas Leiper, 






James P. Sanderson. 


1. 


Paul Cox, 


9. 


Andrew Gilkerson, 


17. 


D. W. Dingman, 


2. 


William Clinghan, 


10. 


George Plumer, 


18. 


Hugh Davis, 


3. 


Daniel Groves, 


11. 


John Hamilton, 


19. 


Gabriel Heister, 


4. 


George Barnitz, 


12. 


George Hebb, 


20. 


Patrick Farrelly, 


5. 


Chandler Price, 


13. 


James Kerr, 


21. 


John Todd, 


6. 


James GriflFen, 


14. 


Andrew Sutton, 


22. 


Melchior Rahm, (de- 


7. 


Pierce Crosby, 


15. 


William Mitchell, 




ceased,) 


8. 


John Miley, 


16. 


Joseph Huston, 


23. 


Philip Benner. 



Delaware. 
Peter Robinson, 
1. John Clark, 2. Andrew Barratt. 



Nicholas Ridgely. 



James Forrest, 

1. Robert W. Bowie, 

2. John Forward, 

3. John Stephen, 



Maryland. 

4. William R. Stuart, 

5. A. McKim, 

6. John Boon, 



Elias Brown. 

7. William Gabby, 

8. Joshua Prideaux, 

9. Michael C. Sprigg. 



William C. Holt, 

1. Charles H. Graves, 9. 

2. Robert Shields, 10. 

3. John Pegram, 11. 

4. William Jones, 12. 

5. R. B. Stark, 13. 

6. John Taliaferro, 14. 

7. .John Purnall, 15. 

8. John T. Brook, 16. 



Virginia. 



B. T. Arthur, 
Hugh Holmes, 
William C. Rives, 
W. Armstrong, Jr. 
Charles Yancey, 
Archibald Rutherford, 
Joseph Martin, 
Archibald Stuart, 



Thomas Brown. 

17. AV. Breckenbrough, 

18. Andrew Russell, 

19. Armistead Hoomes, 

20. Samuel Blackburn, 

21. James Hunter, 

22. John Edie, 

23. Robert Taylor. 



\ 



Appendix. 



Robert Love, 

1. Jesse Franklin, 

2. John Hall, 

3. Michael McLeary, 

4. George Outlaw, 

5. Francis Locke, 

Benjamin James, 

1. L. M. Ayer, 

2. Isaac Smith, 

3. John S. Glascock, 



NoKTH Carolina. 

6. C. E. Johnson, 

7. Abraham Phillips, 

8. Lewis D. Wilson, 

9. Alexander Gray, 

South Carolina. 

4. John Dunovant, 

5. Matthew J. Ivirth, 

6. Rasha Cannon, 



Kinborough Jones. 

10. H. J. G. Ruffin, 

11. B. H. Covington, 

12. Thomas Kenan, 

13. James Mebane. 



Benjamin Rynalds. 

7. Benjamin Dickson, 

8. William A. Ball, 

9. Charles Miller. 



Oliver Porter, 

1. Henry Mitchell, 

2, John Rutherford, 



Georgia. 

3. John Mcintosh, 

4. John Foster, 



John Graves. 

5. David Meriwether, 

6. Benjamin Whitaker. 



Kentucky. 
Samuel Murrel, 
r. E. M. Ewing, 5. John E. King, 

2. Willis A. Lee, 6. Jesse Bledsoe, 

8. S. Caldwell, 7. John Pope, 

4. James Johnson, 



A. M. Carter, 

1. J. Hamilton, Sr. 

2. German Lester, 



Tennessee. 

3. David Campbell, 

4. Henry Small, 



Martin D. Hardin. 

8. Thomas Bodley, 

9. Pilchard Taylor, 
10. Hubbard Taylor. 



Joseph Dickson. 

5. John J. White. 



Missouri. 



William Shannon, 
1. William Christy. 

William Moody, 

1. Joshua Unigate, Jr. 4. 

2. Joshua Gage, 5. 

3. Elisha Allen, 

Jeremiah Morrow, 

1. William H. Harrison, 3, 

2. James Kilbourne, 4, 



John S. Brick ey. 



Maine. 

Lemuel Trescott. 
Josiah Prescott, 6. Levi Hubbard, 

William Chadwick, • 7. Samuel Tucker. 

. Ohio. 

James Caldwell. 

Alexander Campbell, 5. Robert Lucas, 

John McLaughlin, 6. Lewis Dille. 



Nathaniel Ewing, 
1, Daniel J. Caswell. 

James B. Moore, 
1. Michael Jones. 



Indiana. 



Illinois 



John H. Thompson. 



A. F. Hubbard. 



Appendix. 



8Y 



John Scott, 
1. Henry Minor. 

Duncan Stewart, 
1. Theodore Stark. 

Philemon Thomas, 
1. Daniel L. Todd. 



Alabama. 



Mississippi. 



Louisiana. 



George Phillips. 



Daniel Burnet. 



John E. Grymes. 



TENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1825. 

John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William H. Crawford, and Henry 
Clay were candidates, and the Electoral College not giving either of them the 
requisite majority, (132 votes,) the choice again devolved upon the House of 
Representatives, when Mr. Adams was elected. Andrew Jackson received the 
entire electoral vote of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, South Caro- 
lina, Tennessee, Indiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, 1 of the 36 votes of New York, 
7 of the 11 votes of Maryland, 3 of the 5 votes of Louisiana, and 1 of the 3 votes 
of Illinois. John Quincy Adams received the entire vote of Maine, New Hamp- 
shire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, and 26 of tlye 
36 votes of New York, 1 of the 3 votes of Delaware, 3 of the 11 votes of Mary- 
land, 2 of the 5 votes of Louisiana, and 1 of the 3 votes of Illinois. William H. 
Crawford received the entire vote of Virginia and of Georgia, and 5 of the 36 
votes of New York, 2 of the 3 votes of Delaware, and 1 of the 11 votes of Mary- 
land. Henry Clay received the entire vote of Kentucky, Ohio, and Missouri, 
and 4 of the 36 votes of New York. John C. Calhoun was elected Vice-Presi- 
dent, receiving 182 votes ; while Nathan Sanford had 30 votes, Nathaniel Macon 
24, Andrew Jackson 13, Martin Van Buren 9, and Henry Clay 2. The Electors 
were : — 





Josiah Bartlett, 




New Hampshire. 


Abel Parker. 


1. 


William Badger, 


8. 


Samuel Quarles, 


5. William Fisk, 


2. 


Caleb Reith, 


4. 


Moses White, 


6. Hall Burgin. 




William Gray, 




Massachusetts. 


Oliver Smith. 


1. 


Levi Lincoln, 


6. 


John Endicot, 


10. Cornelius Grinnell, 


2. 
3. 


Eaos Foot, 

T. L. Winthrop, 


7. 
8. 


Joseph Kettredge, 
Thomas Weston, 


11. Jonathan Davis, 

12. Hezekiah Barnard, 


4. 


William Walker, 


9. 


Augustus Tower, 


13. Edmund Gushing. 


5. 


N. Silsbee, 









Rhode Island. 
Caleb Earle, Elisha Watson. 

1. Stephen B. Cornell, 2. Charles Eldridge. 



38 



Appendix. 









Connecticut. 






Calvin Willey, 






David Keys. 


1. 


Oliver Wolcott, 


3. 


Rufus Hitchcock, 


5. David Hill, 


2. 


John Swathel, 

Jonas Galusha, 


4. 


Lemuel White, 
Vermont. 


6. Moses Warren. 
John Mason. 


1. 


Titus Hutchinson, 


3. 


Joseph Burr, 


5. Jabez Proctor. 


2. 


Dan Carpenter, 


4. 


Asa Aldis, 

New Yoek. 






Nathan Thompson, 




William Townsend. 


1. 


Darius Bentley, 


13. 


Marinus Willett, 


24. Clark Crandall, 


2. 


Thomas Lawyer, 


14. 


Phineas Coon, 


25. Isaac Sutherland, 


3. 


Micah Brooks, 


15. 


Ebenezer Sage, 


26. I. Sutherland, 


4. 


E. B. Crandale, 


16. 


Azariah Smith, 


27, William Walsh, 


5. 


Pierre A. Barker, 


17. 


Richard Blanvelt, 


28. J. Lansing, Jr. 


6. 


Samuel Hicks, 


18. 


Eleazer Burnham, 


29. Alexander J. Coffin^ 


7. 


Joseph Sibley, 


19. 


Abraham Stagg, 


30. Benjamin Bailey, 


8. 


Edward Savage, 


20. 


Solomon St. John, 


31. Benjamin Smith, 


9. 


Timothy H. Porter, 


21. 


John Drake, 


32. Samuel Smith, 


10. 


Benjamin Mooers, 


22. 


Elisha B. Strong, 


33. Elisha Dorr, 


11. 


Samuel Russell, 


23. 


James Drake, 


34. Heman Cady. 


12. 


Chester Patterson, 

Peter Wilson, 




New Jersey, 


John Buck. 


1. 


Daniel Vliet, 


3. 


Jacob Kline, 


5. Joseph Kille, 


2. 


James Cook, 

Thomas Leiper, 


4. 


James Parker, 
Pennsylvania. 


6. J. W. Scott. 
William Beatty. 


1. 


Cromwell Pearce, 


10. 


Abraham Addams, 


19. Adam King, 


2. 


Valentine Giesey, 


11. 


Joseph Engle, 


20. Philip Benner, 


3. 


Philip Peltz, 


12. 


Isaac Smith, 


21, John Rush, 


4. 


John Reed, 


13. 


.John Pugh, 


■ 22. Henry Scheetz, 


5. 


A. McCaraher, 


14. 


, William Thomson, 


23. Peter Addams, 


6. 


James Duncan, 


15. 


, Adam Ritscher, 


24. Adam Light, 


7. 


Daniel Sheffer, 


16. 


Asa Mann, 


25. James Ankrim, 


8. 


, John Boyd, 


17. 


, Charles Kenny, 


26. James Murray. 


9. 


. Daniel Raul, 


18. 


. John Fogel, 





John Caldwell, 
1. -Joseph G. Rowland. 

Henry Brawn er, 

1. John C. Herbert, 

2. Thomas Hope, 

3. George Winchester, 



Delaware. 



Maryland. 



4. Samuel G. Osborn, 

5. Dennis Claude, 

6. James Sangston, 



Isaac Tunnell. 



William Brown. 

7. William Tyler, 

8. Littleton Dennis, 

9. Thomas Post. 



Appendix. 



3d 









Virginia. 






William C. 


Holt, 


Robert Shield. 


1. 


Charles H. Graves, 


9. 


James Jones, 


16. James Hoge, 


2. 


Ellison Currie, 


10. 


William Armstrong, 


17. W. Brockenbrough, 


3. 


John Cargill, 


11. 


Charles Yancey, 


18. Andrew Russell, 


4. 


Robert Taylor, 


12. 


Archibald Rutherford, 


19. John T. Somax, 


6. 


AV. H. Brodnax, 


13. 


Joseph Martin, 


20. Joseph H. Samuels, 


6. 


Isaac Foster, 


14. 


John Bowyer, 


21. William Jones, 


7. 


Joseph Wyatt, 


15. 


Thomas M. Randolph, 


22. William Marteney. 



8. Daniel Morgan, 

Montfort Stokes, 

1. Robert Love, 

2. William A. Blount, 

3. Peter Forney, 

4. William B. Lockhart, 

5. Vine Allen, 



North Carolina. 

6. Edward B. Dudley, 

7. James Mebane, 

8. A. H. Shepperd, 

9. John Giles, 



William Martin. 

10. Walter J. Leake, 

11. William Drew, 

12. John M. Morehead, 

13. Josiah Crudup. 



South Carolina. 
Robert Clendinen, Evan Benbow. 

1. John K. Griflfen, 4. Eldred Simkins, 7. M. J. Keith, 

2. William Garrett, 5. Joseph W. Alston, 8. Thomas Benson, 

3. Angus Patterson, 6. William C. Pinckney, 9. William Laval. 









Georgia. 






Elias Beall, 






William Matthews. 


1. 


Thomas Gumming, 


4. 


John Rutherford, 


6. William Terrell, 


2. 


John Mcintosh, 


5. 


John Harden, 


7. AVarren Jordan. 


3. 


John Floyd, 

J. R. Underwood 


[ 


Kentucky. 


Richard Taylor. 


1. 


John E. King, 


5. 


Young Ewing, 


9. James Smiley, 


2. 


Joseph Allen, 


6. 


Thomas Bodley, 


10. J. J. Crittenden, 


3. 


Alney McLean, 


7. 


Benjamin Lecher, 


11. Joshua Fry, 


4. 


W. Moore, 

John Rhea, 


8. 


D. Payne, 

Tennessee. 


12. H. Taylor. 
William A. Sublett. 


1. 


T. A, Howard, 


4. 


Joel Pinson, 


7. William Mitchell 


2. 


Joseph Brown, 


5. 


B. C. Stout, 


8. Robert H. Dyer, 


3. 


W. E. Anderson, 


6. 


Willie Blout, 


9. Samuel Hogg. 



Ohio. 
W. H. Harrison, 

1. W. McFarland, 6. S. Kingsbury, 

2. David Sloane, 7. Henry Brown, 

3. Thomas Kirker, 8. Ebenezer Merry, 

4. Samuel Coulter, 9. E. Buckingham, 

5. James Heaton, 10. James Cooley, 



James Caldwell. 

11. William Kendall, 

12. James Steele, 

13. William Skinner, 

14. John Bigger. 



\ 



40 



Appendix. 



Louisiana. 
William Nott, 
1. James H. Shepherd, 2. S. Heiriart, 



John B. Planche. 
3. Pierre Lacoste. 



David Todd, 
1. David Musick. 



Missouri. 



Indiana. 
Elias McNamee, 
1. David Robb, 2. Jonathan McCarty, 



James Logan. 



John Carr. 

3. Samuel Milroy. 



Illinois. 



Mississippi. 
Thomas Hinds, 
1. James Patton. 

William Harrison, 
1. Henry Eddy. 

Alabama. 
Reuben Safford, 

1. Henry Chambers, 2. John Murphy, 



Bartlett C. Barry. 



Alexander P. Field. 



James Hill. 

3. William Flemina;. 



Maine. 
James Campbell, 

1. Thomas Fillebrown, 4. Benjamin Chandler, 

2. James Parker, 5. Rev. Joshua Taylor, 

3. Nathaniel Hobbs, 



Lemuel Trescott. 

6. Benjamin Nourse, 

7. Stephen Parsons. 



The choice between Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and William H, 
Crawford, the three highest on the list of those voted for by the Electoral Col- 
lege for President, devolved on the House of Eepresentatives. Twenty-four 
members, one from each State, were appointed Tellers, and they announced as 
the result of the first ballot: — For John Quincy Adams : Maine, New Hamp- 
shire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Yermont, New York, Mary- 
land, Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Louisiana — 13 States. For Andrew 
Jackson : New Jersey, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mis- 
sissippi, and Indiana — 1 States. For "William H. Crawford : Delaware, Yirginia, 
North Carolina, and Georgia — 4 States. The Speaker then declared that John 
Quincy Adams, having received a majority of the votes of all the States, was 
duly elected President. 



Appendix. 



41 



ELEVENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1829. 



Andrew Jackson was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote 
of Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, 
Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, AJabaraa, and Mis- 
souri, 1 of the 9 votes of Maine, 20 of the 36 votes of New York, and 5 of the 
11 votes of Maryland — 178 in all; John Quincy Adams receiving the other 83 
electoral votes. John C. Calhoun was re-elected Vice-President, receiving 
171 votes ; while Richard Rush had 83 votes, and William Smith 7. The Elec- 
tors were : — 

Maine. 
Thomas Fillebrown, John S. Kimball. 

1. Simon Nowell, 4. Levi Hubbard, 6. John Moore, 

5. James C. Churchill, 



2. Joseph Southwick, 

3. Joseph Prime, 

Jonas Galusha, 

1. Ezra Butler, 

2. Josiah Dana, 



Vermont. 

3. John Phelps, 

4. William Jarvis, 



7. Ebenezer Farley. 



Asa Aldis. 

5. ApoUos Austin. 



New Hampshire. 
George Sullivan, 

1. Samuel Quarles, 3. Nahum Parker, 

2. Thomas Woolson, 4. Ezra Bartlett, 



William Bixby. 

5. Samuel Sparhawk, 

6. William Lovejoy. 



Massachusetts. 



Thomas C. Winthrop, 



1. Samuel Lathrop, 

2. Eliel Frost, 

3. Jesse Putnam, 

4. John Gilbert, 

5. Stephen White, 

Caleb Earle, 
1. Stephen B. Cornell, 



6. Samuel Jones, 

7. Baily Bartlett, 

8. E. H. Robbins, 

9. Nathan Chandler, 

Rhode Island. 
2. Charles Elbridge. 



Edmund Cashing. 

10. Oliver Starkweather, 

11. .Joaathan Davis, 

12. Bradford Dimmick, 

13. Seth Sprague. 



Elisha Watson. 



Connecticut, 
Sylvester Norton, 

1. Rufus Hitchcock, 3. Moses Warren, 

2. Homer Boardman, 4. George Pratt, 



Roger Taintor. 

5. Charles Hawley, 

6. W. R. Kibbee. 



Moses Rolph, 

1. John Garrison, 

2. A. D. W. Bruyn, 

3. Benjamin Bailey, 

4. John Lloyd, 

5. John Targee, 



New York. 

6. Alexander Coffin, 

7. Gilbert Coutant, 

8. Gilbert Eddy, 

9. Jacob Odell, 

10. A. Van Vechten, 



Asaph Stow. 

11. Morgan Lewis, 

12. E. B. Shearman, 

13. Egbert Jansen, 

14. A. Mclntyre, 

15. John E. Russell, 



42 



Appendix. 



16. Salmon Childs, 

17. Peter Pine, 

18. Peter H. Myers, 

19. J. C. Yates, 

20. James Campbell, 

21. Elkanah Brush, 

22. Jesse Smith, 



23. Rufus Crane, 

24. Augustus Chapman, 

25. Thomas Blakeslee, 

26. Benjamin Cotton, 

27. Freeborn G. Jewett, 

28. John Beall, 



New Jersey. 
Theodore Frelinghuysen, 

1. A. Leaming, 3. A. White, 

2. Abraham Brown, 4. T. Elmer, 



29. William Hildreth, 

30. John Taylor, 

31. James H. Guernsey, 

32. Chai'les Dayan, 

33. Sliubal Dunham, 

34. Ebenezer AValden. 



J. J. Ely. 

5. Gabriel HofF, 

6. C. Zabi'iskie. 



Pennsylvania. 



John B. Gibson, 

1. William Findlay, 10. 

2. Leonard E-upert, 11. 

3. Edward King, 12. 

4. Jacob Gearhart, 13. 

5. John Lisle, 14. 

6. George Barnitz, 15. 

7. Jacob Holgate, 16. 

8. Jacob Heyser, 17. 

9. Samuel Humes, Sr., 18. 



James Canby, 
1. John Adams. 



John Harper, 
John W. Cunningham, 
John Scott, 
George G. Leiper, 
William Piper, 
Henry Scheetz, 
Valentine Giesey, 
Adam Ritscher, 
James Gordon, 



William Thompson. 

19. David Hottenstein, 

20. John M. Snowden, 

21. Peter Frailey, 

22. Robert Scott, 

23. Francis Baird, 

24. Henry AUshouse, 

25. Henry Winters, 

26. James Duncan. 



Delaware. 



David Hazard. 



Maryland. 
William Fitzhugh, Jr., Benjamin F. Forest. 

1. William Tyler, 4. Thomas Emory, 7. Elias Brown, 

2. James Sewell, 5. Benjamin C. Howard, 8. Littleton Dennis, 

3. John S. Sellman, 6. T. R. Lockerman, 9. Henry Brawner. 









Virginia. 




William C. Holt 


, 




1. 


Wm. H. McFarland, 


9. 


James Jones, 


2. 


Ellyson Currie, 


10. 


Jared Williams, 


3. 


John Cargill, 


11. 


William Daniel, 


4. 


John W. Green, 


12. 


Jacob D. Williamson, 


5. 


Thomas M. Nelson, 


13. 


Joseph Martin, 


6. 


John Gibson, 


14. 


John Bowyer, 


7. 


Richard Logan, 


15. 


William F. Gordon, 


8. 


George Rust, 

Robert Love, 




North Carolina. 


1. 


Montfort Stokes, 


6. 


Kedar Ballard, 


2. 


John Hall, 


7. 


Abraham Phillips, 


3. 


Peter Forney, 


8. 


Louis D. Wilson, 


4. 


Joseph J. Williams, 


9. 


, John M. Morehead, 


5, 


John Giles, 







Robert McCandlish. 
16. John E. George, 
i7. Wm. Brockenbrough, 
18 Andrew Russell, 

19. Garret Minor, 

20. Joel Shrewsbury, 

21. William Jones, 

22. John McMillan. 



Josiah Crudup. 

10. R. D. Spaight, 

11. Walter F. Leake, 

12. E. B. Dudley, 

13. Willie P. Mangum. 



Appendix. 



43 



South Carolina. 
Sanders Glover, 
David R. Evans, 4. Arthur P. Hayne, 

John McComb, 5. David Sloan, 

John Stewart, 6. Green B. Colmi, 

Georgia. 
John Rutherford, 
Robert R. Reed, 4. Augustus S. Clayton, 



John Moore,* 
David Blackshear, 

Thomas Miller, 
Enoch Parsons, 

Joseph Dunbar, 
Wiley P. Harris. 

John B. Planche, 
Thomas W. Scott, 

John Pihea, 
Samuel Bunch, 
Alfred Flournoy, 
Thomas McCorry, 



5. Solomon Graves, 

Alabama. 
2. Thomas D. Crabb, 
Mississippi. 

Louisiana. 

2. Placide Bossier, 

Tennessee. 

4. Joseph Brown, 

5. Benjamin C. Stout, 

6. Willie Blount, 

Kentucky. 

Thomas S. Slaughter, 
Matthew Lyon, 5. Nathan Gaither, 

Benjamin Chapeze, 6. John Sterrett, 

Edmund Watkins, 7. Tunstall Quarles, 

John Younger, 8. Benjamin Taylor, 

Ohio. 
Ethan Allen Brown, 
George McCook, 6. George Sharp, 

John McElvain, 7. Henry Barrington, 

William Piatt, 8. Walter M. Blake, 

Samuel Herrick, 9. Thomas Gillespie, 

James Shields, 10. Benjamin Jones, 

Indiana. 
Benjamin V. Beckes, 
Jesse B. Durham, 2. William Lowe, 



William Pope. 

7. William Johnston, 

8. Henry L. Pinckney, 

9. Wade Hampton, Jr. 

William Terrell. 

6. John G. Maxwell, 

7. Oliver Porter. 



John Taylor, 
Alexander M. Houston. 



John Bull, 
Benjamin O'Fallon. 



Illinois. 



Missouri. 



John A. Elmore. 

3. William Y. Higgins. 

William Downing. 

Alexander Mouton. 

3. Trasimon Landry. 

William A. Sublett. 

7. Andrew J. Marchbanks, 

8. Adam R. Alexander, 

9. George Elliott. 

Reuben Munday. 

9. Robert J. AVard, 

10. Richard French, 

11. Tandy Allen, 

12. Thompson Ward. 

Robert Lucas. 

11. Thomas L. Hamer, 

12. William Hayne, 

13. Valentine Kefifer, 

14. Hugh McFall. 



Ratliff Boon. 

3. Ross Smiley. 

Richard M. Young. 



Augustus Jones. 
John Moore having declined to serve, Seaton Grantland was elected in his place by the Legislature. 



44 



Appendix. 



TWELFTH PEESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1833. 

Andrew Jackson was re-elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote 
of Maine, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, 
North Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illi- 
nois, Alabama, and Missouri, with three of the eight votes of Maryland — 219. 
Henry Clay of Kentucky, received the entire vote of Massachusetts, Rhode 
Island, Connecticut, Delaware and Kentucky, with five of the eight votes of 
Maryland — 49 ; John Floyd received the entire vote of South Carolina — 11 ; and 
William Wirt the entire vote of Vermont — 7. Maetin Yan Buken was elected 
Yice-President, receiving 189 votes ; while John Sergeant had 49 votes, William 
Wilkins had 30, Henry Lee had 11, and Amos EUmaker had 7. The Electors 
were : — 



Nathan Cutler, 

1. Isaac Lane, 

2. Silas Barnard, 

3. J. C. Churchill, 



Maine. 

4. Ellis Burgess, 

5. Joseph Sewall, 

6. Joseph Kelsey, 



Samuel Moore. 

7. Rowland H. Bridgham, 

8. E. Fletcher. 



New Hampshire. 
Benjamin Peirce, John Holbrook. 

1. Phineas Parkhurst, 3. Samuel Collins, 5. John Taylor. 

2. Joseph Weeks, 4. Moses White, 



James Tarbox, 
L Nathan Leavenworth, 
2. John S. Pettibone, 



Vermont. 

3. Ezra Butler, 

4. Augustus Clarke, 



Amos Thompson. 

5. William Strong. 



Charles Jackson, 

1. Thomas H. Perkins, 

2. James Byers. 

8. Gideon Barstow, 
4. Henry Shaw, 



Massachusetts. 

5. Ebenezer Moseley, 

6. James Richardson, 

7. Nathan Brooks, 

8. Jotham Lincoln, 



E. Mattoon. 

9. Aaron Tufts, 

10. Cornelius Gi'innell, 

11. Samuel Lee, 

12. Nymphas Marston. 



Rhode Island. 
Samuel Ward King, 
1. AVilliam Peckham, 2. Peleg Wilbur. 



Nathaniel S. Ruggles. 



Connecticut. 
Morris Woodruff, 

1. John Baldwin, 3. Eli Todd, 

2. Chester Smith, 4. Oliver H. King, 



John D. Reynolds. 

5. Erastus Sturges, 

6. E. Jackson, Jr. 



Appendix. 



45 



New Yokk. 





Edward P. Livingston, 


Amos Buck. 


1. 


Nathaniel Garron, 


15. 


Abraham Miller, 


28. Truman Spencer, 


2. 


Theopbilus S. Morgan, 


IG. 


Darius Bentlcy, 


29. John N. Qu.ackenbush, 


3. 


Moses Ralph, 


17. 


William Taber, 


30. Abel Baldwin, 


4. 


David Moulton, 


18. 


Samuel Payne, 


31. Daniel D. Campbell, 


6. 


Henry Waring, 


19. 


Samuel Hunter, 


32. James Sutherland, 


6. 


Ebenezer Wood, 


20. 


G. Curtis, 


33. John Gale, 


7. 


Gideon Lee, 


21. 


Peter Crispell, Jr., 


34. Calvin T. Chamberlain, 


8. 


Peter Collier, 


22. 


Seth Thomas, 


35. Dudley Farlin, 


9. 


John Targee, 


23. 


William Deitz, 


36. Orris Crosby, 


10. 


.John Hyde, 


24. 


Jonas Seely, 


37. James B. Spencer, 


11. 


Preserved Fish, 


25. 


Samuel Anable, 


38. M. A. Andrews, 


12. 


Thomas Humphrey, 


26. 


Oliver Phelps, 


39. John S. Veeder, 


13. 


J. W. Hardenbrook, 


27. 


James Woods, 


40. Asa Clark, Jr. 


14. 


Joseph Reynolds, 

Daniel Vliet, 




New Jersey. 


Aaron Vansychel. 


1. 


Peter J. Terhune, 


3. 


Joseph Rogers, 


5. William Munroe, 


2. 


John M. Perrine, 


4. 


James Newell, 
Pennsylvania. 


6. William L. Slites. 




Samuel McKean, 




David D. Wagener. 


1. 


C. Garber, 


11. 


George W. Smick, 


20. David Frazier, 


2. 


William Swilland, 


12. 


Frederick Orwan, 


21. Adam Ritscher, 


3. 


John T. Knight, 


'13. 


John Slaymaker, 


22. P. Mulvany, 


4. 


W. Brindle, 


14. 


George McCullock, 


23. William Addams, 


5. 


William Thomson, 


15. 


Oliver Alison, 


24. J. Patten, 


6. 


Adam Light, 


16. 


John Murray, 


25. John Schall, 


7. 


Edward King, 


17. 


George G. Leiper, 


26. J. Y. Bauley, 


8. 


George Barnitz, 


18. 


David Oilman, 


27. J. Rooker, 


9. 


B. W. Richards, 


19. 


Henry Scheetz, 


28. Wilson Smith. 


10. 


D. Sheffer, 

George Truitt, 




Delaware. 


C. P. Comegys. 


1. 


H. F. Hall. 


' 


Maryland. 






R. H. Goldsborougl 


1, 


William Price. 


1. 


, J. S. Smith, 


3. 


AVilliam Frick, 


5. U. S. Heath, 


2. 


William B. Tyler, 

George Loyall, 


4. 


Albert Constable, 
Virginia. 


6. John L. Steele. 
Samuel Blackwell. 


1, 


, John Cargill, 


8. 


James M. Mason, 


15. W. H. Roane. 


2. 


, John Gibson, 


9. 


Richard Logan, 


16. Thomas Bland, 


3. 


, James Jones, 


10. 


John McMillan, 


17. Samuel Carr, 


4. 


, J. Horner, 


11. 


Joseph Martin, 


18. A. Russell, 


5, 


, Thomas M. Nelson, 


12, 


. J. D. Williamson, 


19. L. T. Dade, 


6, 


. H. L. Opie, 


13. 


William Jones, 


20. Philip N. Nicholas, 


7, 


, Archibald Austin, 


14, 


. Charles Beale, 


21. A. R. Harwood. 



46 



A P P E X D I X. 



A. TV. Tenable, 

1. Robert Love, 

2. L I. Daniel, 

8. George L. Davidson, 

4. W. B. Lockhart, 

5. Peregrine Roberts, 



Robert J. Turnbull, 

1. W. Thompson, Jr., 4. 

2. Samuel Cberrv, 5. 

3. "William Dubose, 6. 



XOKTH CaEOXLS'A. 

F. Ward, 
Thomas G. Polk, 
R. D. Spaight, 
Thomas Settle, 

South Cahoxixa. 

Thomas Ljles, 
TT. B. Seabrook, 
Thomas Dagan, 

GrEOEGIA. 



BeTerly Allen, 

1. Elias Beall, 

2. Henrr Jackson, 

3. David Blackshear. 



4. William Terrell, 

5. W. B. Bnlloek, 

6. John. Whitehead, 

Texstissee. 



J. 0. Watson. 

10. O^en Holmes, 

11. J. M. Morehe^d, 

12. Henry Skinner, 

13. William H. Leak. 



Elijah Watson. 

7. Benjamin Hart, 

8. Joseph S. Shelion, 

9. Thomas Evans. 

Henry Holt. 

7. John Floyd, 

8. Wilson Williams, 

9. Seaton Grantland. 



M. Aikin, 
William Snodgrass, 
J. G. Bostick, 
Jesse Wallace, 
Elliott Hickman, 
W. B. A. Ramsey, 

Joseph Eve, 
Benjamin Hardin, 
W. K. WaU, 
M. P. Marshall, 
J. L. Hickman, 
M. V. Thompson, 



Daniel Bowman. 

10. David Fentress, 

11. John Heam, 

12. B. Coleman. 



WiUiam Pillow, 

Joseph McMiUon, 

Willie Blount, 

WiUiam Stroud, Sr., 13. George Elliott. 



Benjamin Tappan, 



John M. Goodenow, 
Valentine Keffer, 
I. D. Morris, 
Isaac Humphreys, 
Mark T. Wills, 
Alexander Elliott, 
E. D. Forsman, 

J. B. Planch^, 
Thomas W. Scott, 



George Boone, 

1. W. Armstrong, 

2. Alexander J. Bomett, 

3. James Blake, 



8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 



EESirCKT. 

William Ousley, 
Burr Harrison, 
Thomas Chilton, 
John I. Marshall, 

Ohio. 

John Chancy, 
Alexander McConnell, 
George Sharpe. 
Michael Moore, 
Fisher A. Blocksom, 
John Lamill, 

L^nsiAXA. 



Alney McLeon. 

10. D. S. Patton, 

11. E. M. Ewing, 

12. M. Beatty, 

13. Thompson M. Ewing. 



Joseph J. McDowelL 

14. Wniiam S. Tracy, 
1-5. George Marshall, 

16. Jeremiah McLane, 

17. Eli Baldwin, 

15. H. J. Harman, 
19. Jonathan Cilley. 



2. W. H. Overton, 

IXDIASA, 

4. John Ketchum, 

5. Arthur Patterson, 



Alexander Mouton. 
3. T. Landry. 

M. Crume. 

6. Thomas Givens, 

7. N. B. Palmer. 



Appendix. 



4T 



Mississippi. 
■William Dowsing, Samuel Hunter. 

1. Wiley P. Harris, 2. W. W. Cherry. 

Illinois. 
James Evans, Adams Dunlap. 

1. Jobn C. Alexander, 2. Thomas Ray, 3. Abner Flack. 

Alabama. 
Henry King, William Edmondson. 

1. John J. Winston, 3. William R. Pickett, 5. Theophilus Toulmin. 

2. William P. Gould, 4. George Phillips, 

Missouri. 
Joel H. Haden, John Hume. 

1. William Blackey, 2. Henry Shurlds. 



THIETEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1837. 

Martin Tax Bukex was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote 
of Maine, New Hampshire, Ehode Island, Connecticut, New Zork, Pennsylva- 
nia, Virginia, North Carolina, Louisiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Mis- 
souri, Arkansas, Michigan — 170. William H. Harrison received the entire vote 
of Vermont, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Ohio and Indiana — 
73; Hugh L. White, the vote of Georgia and of Tennessee — 26 ; Daniel Web- 
ster, the vote of Massachusetts — 14; and W. P. Mangum, the vote of South 
Carolina — 11. Eichard M. Johxsox was chosen Vice-President by the Senate, 
no one having received a majority of the electoral votes, which stood : Eichard 
M. Johnson 147, Francis Granger 77, John Tyler 47, William Smith 23. The 
Electors were : — • 



Maixe. 
Renel Williams, 

1. Sheldon Hobbs, 4. John Hamblet, 

2. Joseph Tobin, 5. Benjamin Burgess, 

3. Jonathan Smith, 6. William Thompson, 



Shepherd Carey. 

7. John H. Jarvis, 

8. S. S. Heagan. 



New Hampshire. 
Jonathan Harvey, 

1. Isaac Waldron, 3. Tristam Shaw, 

2. G. Gilmore, 4. Ebenezef Carlton, 



Josiah Russell. 

5 Stephen Gale. 



Jabez Proctor, 

1. S. Swift, 

2. Titus Hutchinson, 



Yekmoxt. 

3. David Crawford, 

4. W. A. Griswold, 



T. Howe. 

5. Edward Lamb. 



48 



Appendix. 



Massachusetts, 
Nathaniel Silsbee, 

1. E. A. Newton, 5. Loammi Baldwin, 

2. Leverett Saltonstall, 6. Thomas Longlay, 

3. Benjamin Walker, 7. Samuel Lee, 

4. Isaac C. Bates, 8. Bezabeel Taft, Jr., 



Samuel Appleton. 
9. J, G. Kendall, 

10. Howard Lothrop, 

11. Charles W. Morgan, 

12. Charles J. Holmes. 



Rhode Island. 
James Fenner, Henry Bull. 

1. John D'Wolf, 2. B. H. Thurston. 



Lorain T. Pease, 

1 . Alfred Bassett, 

2. Seth P. Beers, 



Connecticut. 

Julius Clark, 
R. P. Williams, 



Luther Warren. 

5. Moses Gregory, 

6. Carlos Chapman. 



Cornelius W. 

1. Jacob Sutherland, 

2. Gideon Ostrander, 

3. Moses Rolph, 

4. John Targee, 

5. Jacob Crocheron, 

6. Jeremiah Anderson, 

7. Stephen Allen, 

8. James Hooker, 

9. Nathaniel P. Hill, 

10. Ichabod Bartlett, 

11. Jeremiah Russell, 

12. Augustus C. Welch, 

13. Zadock Pratt, 

14. Lyman Strabridge, 



New^ Yoek. 
Lawrence, 

15. Lucas Hoes, 

16. Whitcombe Phelps, 

17. Henry Koon, 

18. David Munro, 

19. Peter Wendell, 

20. Daniel Dickey, 

21. Herman Gansevroot, 

22. Peleg Slade, 

23. John Gale, 

24. Alanson M. Knapp, 

25. Walcott Tyrrell, 
* 26. Jared AVillson, 

27. David C. Judson, 



John Cox. 

28. Elisha Doubleday, 

29. Frederick Lammons, 

30. Joseph Sibley, 

31. Henry Ellison, 

32. Samuel Benedict, Jr., 

33. Parker Halleck, 

34. Daniel H. Bissell, 

35. George F. Falley, 

36. Thomas J. Wheeler, 

37. Orville Hungerford, 

38. Guy H. Goodrich, 

39. Joshua Babcock, 

40. Hiram Gardner. 









New Jersey. 






William Stevens 


, 




Allison Ely. 


1. 


John H. Hall, 


3. 


William Brittan, 


5. Josiah S. Worth, 


2. 


Joshua Burr, 


4. 


David Beevis, 
Pennsylvania. 


6. J. Learning. 




James Thompson, 




Henry AVelsh. 


1. 


Robert Patterson, 


11. 


Gardner Furness, 


20. Wallace M. Williams, 


2. 


Thomas C. Miller, 


12. 


Asa Mann, 


21. Jacob Kern, 


3. 


Thomas D. Grover, 


13. 


Oliver Allison, 


22. James Power, 


4. 


William Clark, 


14. 


William R. Smith, 


23. Jacob Dillinger, 


5. 


Joseph Burden, 


15. 


Henry Myers, 


24, Robert Orr, 


6. 


John Mitchell, 


16. 


S. L. Carpenter, 


25. Paul Geiger, 


7. 


John Naglee, 


17. 


John B. Sterigere, 


26. John Carothers, 


8. 


Leonard Rupert, 


18. 


Robert Patterson, 


27. Calvin Blythe, 


9. 


Samuel Badger, 


19. 


Henry Chapman, 


28. John P. Davis, 



10. George Kriner, 



Appendix. 



49 



William W. Morris, 
1. H. F. Hall. 



Delaware., 



Marzland. 



Elias Brown, 

1. J. B. Ricaud, 

2. George Howard, 

3. William Price, 



4. J. M. Coale, 

5. Anthony Kimmel, 

6. Robert W. Bowie, 



A. Smith, 

1. John Cargill, 

2. W. HoUaday, 

3. James Jones, 

4. I. Horner, 

5. William R. Baskerville, 12. D. B. Layne, 

6. H. L. Opie, 13. H. Hudgins, 

7. Archibald Austin, 14. A. Bierne, 



ViBGINIA. 

8. A. S. Baldwin, 

9. Richard Logan, 

10. J. D. Williamson, 

11. A. Stuart, 



Robert Love, 

1. George Bower, 

2. Nathaniel Macon, 

3. John AVilson, 

4. W. B. Lockhart, 

5. A. Henderson, 



North Carolina. 

6. G. C. Marchant, 

7. John Hill, 

8. L. D. Wilson, 

9. John Parker, 



South Carolina. 
John Littlejohn, 

1. Patrick Noble, 4. B. T. Elmore, 

2. Thomas Dugan, 6. Thomas F. Jones, 

3. D. J. McCord, 6. R. H. Goodwin, 



William Dunning. 



David Hoffman. 

7. T. Burchenal, 

8. Thomas G. Pratt. 



Samuel Carr. 

15. A. R. Harwood, 

16. James Hoge, 

17. John Moncure, 

18. John Gibson, 

19. W. H. Roane, 

20. Samuel L. Hays, 

21. John Hindman. 



Josiah 0. Watson. 

10. W. P. Ferrand, 

11. W. A. Morris, 

12. Owen Holmes, 

13. A. W, Venable. 



Thomas L. Gourdin. 

7. John Frampton, 

8. B. K. Hanegan, 

9. John Maxwell. 



Georgia. 
George R. Gilmer, 

1. John W. Campbell, 4. William H. Holt, 

2. Howell Cobb, 5. E. Wimberly, 

3. Gibson Clark, 6, Ambrose Baber, 



Thomas Stocks. 

7. Thomas Hamilton, 

8. David Meriwether, 

9. C. Hines. 



William Smith, 

1. John McKinley, 

2. John S. Hunter, 



Alabama. 

3. Thomas D. King, 

4. William R. Hallett, 



Robert J. McKinney, 



Tennessee. 



1. John Netherland, 

2. W. E. Anderson, 

3. Alexander E. Smith, 

4. Andrew J. Hoover, 

5. James Park, 



6. T. F. Bradford, 

7. James A. Whiteside, 

8. Neil S. Brown, 

9. Asa Falkner, 

4* 



Robert H. Watkins. 

5. William R. Pickett. 



John Gordon. 

10. S. D.^Frierson, 

11. Richard Cheatham, 

12. L. P. Williamson, 

13. William W. Lea. 



50 



Appendix. 



•Kentucky. 
Burr Harrison, 

1. Henry Daniel, 6. Thomas Metcalf, 

2. William K. Wall, 7. E. Rumsey, 

3. Philip Triplett, 8. M. P. Marshall, 



Thomas P. Wilson. 

10. J. F. Ballinger, 

11. C. Tompkins, 

12. Eobert P. Letcher, 



4. Robert WicklifiF, 

5. D. S. Patton, 



9. Richard A. Buckner, 13. M. Beaty. 



Benjamin Ruggles, 

1. Joshua CoUett, 8. 

2. Ira Belknap, 9, 
8. George P. Torrence, 10, 

4. Samuel Elliott, 11. 

5. Andrew McClany, 12, 

6. Mordecai Bartley, 13. 

7. Elijah Huntington, 

Thomas Hinds, 

1. B. W. Edwards, 2. 



Ohio. 

John Codding, 
Isaiah Morris, 
Jared P. Kirtland, 
Alexander Campbell, 
D. Hasbough, 
William Kendall, 

Mississippi. 
H. G. Runnels. 



Louisiana. 
J. B. Planchg, 
1. T. TJ. Scott, 2. P. E. Bossier, 

Indiana. 
John C. Clendenin, 

1. Hiram Decker, 4. A. L. White, 

2. A. W. Morris, 5. Enoch McCarty, 

3. Milton Stapp, 

Missoum. 
George F. Bollinger, 
1. John Sappington, 2. A. Bird. 



John Miller, 
1, Joshua Morrison. 

Daniel Le Roy, 
1. David C. McKinstry. 

John Wyatt, 
1. Samuel Leach, 



Arkansas. 



Michigan. 



Illinois. 
2. John Pearson, 



W. C. Kicker. 

14. John P. Coulter, 

15. Abell Remick, 

16. John L. Lacy, 

17. Christian King, 

18. Andrew Donnelly, 

19. Samuel Newell. 



R. H. Grant. 



Alexander Mouton. 
3. T. Landry. 



Achilles Williams. 

6. M. G. Clark, 

7. A. P. Andrews. 



William Monroe. 

A. B. Anthony. 
William H. Hoeg. 



Samuel Hachleton. 

3. John D. Whitesides. 



Appendix. 



61 



FOUETEENTH PEESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1841. 

"William Henkt Habrison was elected President, receiving the entire elec- 
toral vote of Maine, Massacliusetts, Ehode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New 
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Georgia, 
Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, and Michigan — 
234. Martin Van Buren received the entire vote of New Hampshire, Virginia, 
South Carolina, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, and Arkansas — 60. John Tyler 
was elected Vice-President, receiving 234 votes ; while E. M. Johnson had 48, 
L. W. Tazewell 11, and James K. Polk 1. The Electors were : — 



Maine. 



1. 


Isaac Ilsley, 
, Isaac Hodson, 


4. Benjamin P. Gilman 


Thomas Fillebrown. 
, 7. Charles Trafton, 


2. 


E. Robinson, 


5. Rufus K. Goodenow, 


8. Thomas Robinson. 


3, 


, Samuel Small, 


6, J. Huse, 






Samuel Burns, 


New Hampshire. 


S. Perley. 


1. 


John Scott, 


3. Samuel Hatch, 


5. Andrew Paine, Jr. 


2. 


J. W. Weeks, 


4. F. Holbrook, 






Samuel C. Crafts 


Vermont. 
i. 


John Conaut. 


1. 


Ezra Meech, 


3. William Henry, 


5. Joseph Reed. 


2. 


A. B. W. Tenney, 


4. William P. Briggs, 






Isaac C. Bates, 


Massachusetts. 


Rufus Longley. 


1. 


Peleg Sprague, 


5. S. C. Phillips, 


9. Thomas French, 


2. 


Sidney Willard, 


6. George Grinnel, Jr. 


10. John B. Thomas, 


3. 


Richard Houghton, 


7. Samuel Mixter, 


11. W. Wood, 


4. 


Ira M. Barton, 


8. Joseph Tripp, 


12. J. Z. Goodrich. 




Nicolas Brown, 


Rhode Island. 


W. Weeden. 


1. 


George Engs, 


2. William Rhodes. 






H. Spencer, 


Connecticut. 


Reuben Booth. 


1. 


James Brewster, 


3. A. Larrabee, 


5. J. Green, 


2. 


P. Pearl, 


4. P. Bierce, 


6. J. S. Peters. 




James Burt, 


New York. 


Elisha Jenkins. 


L 


Abraham Rose, 


5. John L. Lawrence, 


9. J. P. Phoenix, 


2. 


H. Watson, 


6. A. Mclntyre, 


10. Josiah Hand, 


3. 


John T. Harrison, 


7. Joseph Tucker, 


11. Richard S. Williams, 


4. 


G. P. Griffith, 


8. E. Stimson, 


12. K. P. Cool, 



52 



Appendix. 



13. P. Van Cortlandt, 

14. Jonathan Wallace, 

15. B. White, 

16. H. P. Voorhies, 

17. N. Dubois, 

18. Thomas Burch, 

19. Peter G. Sharp, 

20. P. B, Porter, 

21. John I. Knox, 

22. Albert Crane, 



23. Peter Pratt, 

24. Charles Bradish, 

25. E. Merrick, 

26. Gideon Lee, 

27. J. Livingston, 

28. Grattan H. Wheeler, 

29. Isaac Ogden, 

30. William Garbutt, 

31 . Samuel Balcom, 



32. P. L. Tracey, 

33. I. I. Speed, Jr. 

34. John Wheeler, 

35. D. Hibbard, 

36. Philo Orton, 

37. John Williams, 

38. H. R. Seymour, 

39. B. D. Noxen, 

40. Davis Hurd. 



Lewis Condict, 

1. C. Stepton, 

2. Samuel G. Wright, 



New Jersey. 

3. James SliflF, 

4. Thomas Newbold, 



John Bunk. 

5. J. M. Byerson, 

6. Joshua Townsend. 



J. A. Shulze, 

1. J. Bitner, 

2. J. K. Zeilin, 

3. L. Passmore, 

4. Robert Stimson, 

5. J. P. Wetherell, 

6. W. S. Hendrie, 

7. Thomas P. Cope, 

8. L J. Boss, 

9. F. Gillingham, 
10, Peter Filbert, 



Pennsylvania. 

11. A. EUmaker, 

12. William Addams, 

13. John Harper, 

14. B. Connelly, Jr. 

15. William Mcllvain, 

16. Joseph Markle, 

17. J. Dickson, 

18. J. G. Fordyce, 

19. J. McKeehan, 



A. R. Mcllvain. 

20. T. M. T. McKennan, 

21. John Reed, 

22. H. Denny, 

23. A. B. Wilson, 

24. Joseph Buffington, 

25. N. Middleswaith, 

26. Henry Black, 

27. George Walker, 

28. John Dick. 



Benjamin Caulk, 
1. Peter J. Causey. 



Delaware. 



H. F. Hall. 



Maryland. 
David Hoffman, 

1. J. L. Kerr, 4. Richard J. Bowie, 

2. George Howard, 5. Jacob A. Preston, 

3. Theodore R. Lockerman, 6. James M. Coale, 



J. P. Kennedy. 

7. W. T. Woolton, 

8. Thomas A. Spence. 



A. Smith, 

1. J. Cargill, 

2. Archibald Stuart, 

3. James Jones, 

4. William Tod, 

5. William R. Baskeville, 

6. A. Brockenbrough, ' 

7. Charles Yancey, 



Virginia. 

8. John Gibson, 

9. J. B. Halybirton, 

10. J. D. Williamson, 

11. J. T. Randolph, 

12. William Taylor, 

13. W. Holladay, 

14. A. C. Chapman, 



Richard Logan. 

15. J. Hoimer, 

16. James Hoge, 

17. Richard E. Byrd, 

18. William Byers, 

19. William A. Harris, 

20. Benjamin Brown, 

21. John Hurdman. 



Appendix. 



53 



James Welborn, 

1. Charles McDowell, 

2. J. B. Kelly, 
8. D. Ramsour, 

4. James Mebane, 

5. A. Rencher, 

John Crawford, 

1. J J. Caldwell, 

2. W. H. Cannon, 

3. A. Mazyck, 



North Carolina. 

6. William W. Cherry, 

7. James S. Smith, 

8. Thomas F. Jones, 

9. Charles Manly, 

South Carolina. 

4. J. Buchanan, 

5. H. J. Johnson, 

6. F. J. Goodwyn, 



Georgia. 
George R. Gilmer, 

1. D. L. Clinch, 4. C. B. Strong, 

2. W. W. Ezzard, 5. Joel Crawford, 

3. J. W. Campbell, 6. E. Wimberly, 



D. F. Caldwell. 

10. Josiah Collins, 

11. "William L. Long, 

12. James W. Bryan, 

13. Daniel B. Baker. 



J. L. Jeter. 

• 7. W. Mc Willie, 

8. J. Jenkins, 

9. John L. Ashe. 



A. Miller. 

7. Charles Dougherty, 

8. J, AVhitehead, 

9. S. Grantland. 



Alabama. 
William K. Hallett, Joseph P. Frazier. 

1. B. M. Lowe, 3. M. F. Eainey, 5. J. Murphy. 

2. Benjamin Fitzpatrick, 4. Benjamin Reynolds, 



S. S. Prentiss, 
1. J. J. Stewart, 

E. H. Foster, 

1. S. Jarnagin, 

2. J. F. Morford, 

3. Thomas D. Arnold, 



Mississippi. 
2. Henry Dickenson. 
Tennessee. 

5. William P. Senter, 

6. James 0. Janes, 

7. A. A. Anderson, 



4. Thomas L. Bransford, 8. D. W. Dickenson, 



Thomas J. Word. 



Thomas I. Campbell. 
9. J. H. Cahal, 

10. G. A. Henry, 

11. E. J. Shields, 

12. George W. Gibbs. 



EJSNTUCKY. 

Richard A. Buckner, 
1. James F. Morehead, 6. Daniel Breck, 



7. James W. Irwin, 

8. R. H. Menefee, 

9. B. Y. Ousley, 

Ohio. 
William R. Putnam, 
1. Alexander Mayhew, 8. Aquila Toland, 



2. Thomas W. Riley, 

3. Robert Patterson, 

4. William H. Field, 

5. IredeU Hart, 



2. Henry Harter, 

3. A. Spafiford, 

4. Joshua Collett, 

5. Abram Miley, 

6. Samuel F. Vinton, 

7. John I. Vanmeter, 



9. Perley B. Johnson, 

10. John Dukes, 

11. Otho Brashear, 

12. James Raquel, 

13. C. S. Miller, 



Charles G. Wintersmiih. 

10. M. P. Marshall, 

11. James Harlan, 

12. A. Beatty, 

13. W. W. Southgate. 



Reasin Beall. 

14. John Carey, 

15. David King, 

16. Storm Rosa, 

17. John Beatty, 

18. John Augustine, 

19. John Jameson. 



54 



Appendix. 



Indiana, 
J. McCarty, 

1. J. W. Payne, 4. James H. Cravens, 

2. Joseph L. White, 5. Caleb B. Smith, 

3. Richard W. Thompson, 

Illinois. 
A. W. Snyder, 
1. Isaac P. Walker, 2. James H. Pialston, 



Joseph Gr. Marshall. 

6. William Herod, 

7. Samuel C. Sample. 



J. A. McClernand. 
8. I. W. Eldridge. 



Michigan. 



Thomas J. Drake, 
1. J. Van Fassen. 



Louisiana. 
William De Buys, 
1. J. Birnard, 2. S. Lewis, 



H. G. Wells. 



Jacques Dupr^. 
3. L. Barras. 



A. Byrd, 
1. E. Dobyns, 



Missouri. 
2. W. G. Meriwether. 



James Holman. 



Arkansas. 



John McClellen, 
1. John Miller. 



Samuel M. Rutherford. 



FIFTEENTH PEESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1845. 



James K. Polk was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of 
Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, 
Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, 
and Michigan — 170. Henry Clay received the vote of Ehode Island, Massa- 
chusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, North Caro- 
lina, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio — 105. George M. Dallas was elected 
Vice-President, receiving 170 votes; while T. Frelinghuysen had 105. The 
Electors were : — 



Maine. 
James W, Bradbury, 

1. John Stickney, 4. Levi Morrill, 

2. Ichabod Jordan, 5. J. A. Lowell, 

3. Alfred Pierce, 



John Foster. 

6. Thomas Bartlett, 

7. Nathaniel Robinson. 



New Hampshire. 
William Badger, Isaac Hale. 

1. John McNeil, 3. E, R. Currier, 4. J. L. Putnam. 

2. E. Sawyer, 



Appendix. 



55 



Massachusetts. 
Abbott Lawrence, 

1. Lewis Strong, 5. J. P. Allen, 

2. Charles Allen, G. C. B. Rising, 

3. N. Appleton, 7. Homer Bartlett, 

4. "W. B. Calhoun, 

Rhode Island. 
Benjamin Weaver, 
1. Stephen Steere, 2. N. F. Dixon. 



A. R. Thompson. 

8. Elijah Vose, 

9. W. Baylies, 
10. Seth Crowell. 



John Greene. 



Connecticut. 
Clark Bissell, 

1. Charles W. Rockwell, 3. S. A. Foote, 

2. Joseph L. Gladding, 



J. H. Harris, 

1. John Pick, 

2. Benjamin Swift, 



Veemont. 
3 C. Townsley, 



Benjamin F. Butler 

1. Daniel S. Dickenson, 13. 

2. Clemence Whitaker, 14. 

3. Hugh Halsey, 15, 

4. A. Doane, 16. 

5. H. Thompson, 17. 

6. Thomas H. Hubbard, 18. 

7. George Douglas, 19. 

8. L. Pettengill, 20. 

9. Neil Cray, 21. 
• 10. William Mason, 22. 

11. W. S. Havemayer, 23. 

12. H. Potts, 



N. 0. Kellogg. 

4. Truman Smith. 



C. Coolidge. 

4. E. Fairbanks. 



New York. 

John 

J. J. Coddington, 24. 

Daniel Dana, 25. 

Daniel Johnson, 26. 

John Gillett, 27. 

J. Crawford, 28. 

J. E. Bogardus, 29. 

William Murrey, 30. 

J. Boynton, 31. 
Jacobus Hoerolnburgh, 32. 

E. Johnson, 33. 

J. L. Hogeboom, 34. 



Nellis. 

John Lapham, 
N. M. Martin, 
J. D. Higgins, 
J. K. Paige, 
R. H. Shankland, 
John Savage, 
J. Hascall, Jr. 
William Hedding, 
Rufus H. Smith, 
John Fay, 
A. Hogeboom. 



J. B. Ayerigg, 

1. Charles Reeves, 

2. E. Y. Rogers, 



New Jekset. 

3. E. Q. Keasbeg, 

4. James Stewart, 



John Emly. 

5. A. Godwin. 



Wilson McCandless, 

1. Asa Dimock, 9. 

2. N. W. Sample, 10. 

3. G. F. Lehman, 11. 

4. William Heidenrich, 12. 
6. Christian Kneass, 13. 

6. Conrad Shimer, 14. 

7. William H. Smith, 15. 

8. Stephen Baldy, 16. 



Pennsylvania. 

John Hill, 
I. Brewster, 
Samuel E. Leech, 
George Schnable, 
Samuel Camp, 
N. B. Eldred, 
William N. Irvine, 
John Matthews, 



Jesse Sharp. 

17. James Woodburn, 

18. William Pattei-son, 

19. Hugh Montgomery, 

20. A. Burke, 

21. Isaac Aukeny, 

22. John M. Gill, 

23. C. Meyers, 

24. Robert Orr. 



56 



Appendix. 



Alfred Du Pont, 
1. Enocli Spruance. 



Delaware. 



Thomas Davis. 



Maryland. 
William M. Gaither, William Price. 

1. James B. Ricaud, ^ 3. Thomas S. Alexander, 5. H. E. Wright, 

2. C. K. Stewart, 4. A. W. Bradford, 6. Samuel Hambleton. 



Virginia. 
John S. Millson, 

1. Thomas Wallace, 6. G. B. Samuels, 

2. Richard Coke, Jr. 7. A. Stuart, 

3. R. H. Baptiste, 8. James Hoge, 



4. H. Bedinger, 

5. William Daniel, 



Vt^. H. Roane. 

11. William Smith, 

12. R. A. Thompson, 
18. William P. Taylor, 



9. Thomas J. Randolph, 14. Joseph Johnson, 



10. H. S. Kane, 



15. William S. Morgan. 



North Carolina. 
William W. Cheny, 

1. R. B. Gilliam, 4. M. Q. Waddell, 

2. W. H. Washington, 5. John Kern, 
8. D. B. Baker, 6. A. H. 



Josiah Collins. 

7. James W. Osborne, 

8. J. Horton, 

9. John Baxter. 



F. H. Elmore, 

1. J. D. Wetherspoon, 

2. H. C. Young, . 

3. F. W. Huey, 



South Carolina. 

4. T. B. Skipper, 

5. L. Boozer, 



Georgia. 
Charles J. McDonald, 

1. B. Graves, 4. Chax-les Murphy, 

2. H. V. Johnson, 5. William F. Sanford, 

3. R. M. Charlton, 6. George W. Towers, 



F. W. Pickens. 

6. William Cairn, 

7. R. De Treville. 



Alfred Iverson. 

7. William B. Woflford, 

8. Eli H. Baxter. 



P. Triplett, 

1. B. M. Crenshaw, 

2. W. W. Southgate, 

3. Benjamin Hardin, 

4. W. R. Grigsby. 

Thomas Corwin, 

1. Bellamy Stover, 

2. Samson Mason, 
8. W. Bebb, 

4. D. J. Cory, 

5. A. Harlan, 

6. J. Scott, 

7. R. W. Clark, 



Kentucky. 

5. I. K. Underwood, 

6. W. J. Gram, 

7. R. A. Patterson, 



Ohio. 

8. David Adams, 

9. Jos. Olds, 

10. D. S. Norton, 

11. W. W. Conklin, 

12. James K. Holcombe, 

13. H. Chapin, 

14. J. Crooks, 



Greene Adams. 

8. Leslie Coombs, 

9. John Kincard, 
10. L. W. Andrews, 



Peter Hitchcock. 

15. T. W. Bostwick, 

16. W. R. Sapp, 

17. J. W. Gill, 

18. Cyrus Spunk, 

19. J. H. Baldwin, 

20. W. S. Perkins, 

21. John Fuller. 



Appendix. 



57 



John Bell, 

1. G. A. Henry, 

2. J. H. Crozier, 

3. J. A. R. Nelson, 

4. D. L. Barringer, 



Tennessee. 

Robert L. Caruthers. 

5. R. H. Hynds, 9. H. L. Bransford, 

6. N. S. Brown, 10, William T. Haskell, 

7. Thomas R. Jennings, 11. Robertson Topp. 

8. J. D. Tyler, 



G. Leonard, 

1. T. Landry, 

2. T. W. Scott, 

A. Fox, 

1. J. W. Matthews, 

2. Jos. Bell, 

James G. Reed, 

1. William A. Bowles, 

2. Elijah Newland, 

3. J. M. Jolmstoa, 

4. Samuel E. Perkins, 

A. W. Cavarly, 

1. J. D. Wood, 

2. John Dement, 

3. WilUs Allen, 

Lewis Beaufait, 
1. P. S. Paulding, 



Louisiana. 
3. A. E. Mouton, 

Mississippi. 

3. H. S. Foote, 

Indiana. 

5. William W. Wick, 

6. P. C. Dunning, 

7. Austin M. Puett, 

Illinois. 

4. Isaac N. Arhold, 

5. A. C. French, 

Michigan. 
2. Charles P. Burch, 



J. B. Planch^. 

4. S. W. Downes. 



R. H. Boone. 

4. Jefferson Davis. 



G. N. Fitch. 

8. H. W. Ellsworth, 

9. Charles W. Cathcart, 
10. John Gilbert. 



William A. Richardson. 

6. John Calhoun, 

7. Norman H. Purple. 



George Redfield. 

3. Samuel Arford. 



R. B. Wathall, 

1. W. R. Hallett, 

2. Dixon Hall, 

3. Thomas S. Mays, 

W. W. Izard, 
1. W. S. Oldham. 

James S. Green, 

1. W. P. Hall, 

2. William Shields, 



Alabama. 

4. J. J. Winston, 

5. J. A. Nooe, 



Arkansas. 



Missouri. 

3. AV. C. Jones, 

4. Franklin Cannon, 



Daniel Hubbard. 

6. Jeremiah Clemens, 

7. William B. Martin. 



Solon Borland. 



William A. Hall. 

5. William L. Sublette. 



58 



Appendix. 



SIXTEENTH PEESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1849. 

Zachaey Taylor was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of 
Massacliusetts, Ehode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, New Jersey, 
Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Ten- 
nessee, Louisiana, and Florida — 163 votes. Lewis Cass received the entire vote 
of Maine, New Hampshire, Yirginia, South Carolina, Ohio, Mississippi, Indiana, 
Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, Michigan, Texas, Iowa, and Wisconsin — 
127 votes. Millard Fillmore was elected Yice-President, receiving 163 votes; 
while William 0^. Butler received 127. The Electors were : — 



Maine. 





Eufus Mclntire, 






Thomas D. Robinson. 


1. 


H. J. Anderson, 


4. 


A. Masters, 


6. Asa Clark, 


2. 


A. Wiswell, 


5. 


E. L. Osgood, 


7. D. R. Stran. 


3. 


0. L. Sanborn, 

Samuel Tilton, 




New Hampshire. 


Jesse Bowers. 


1. 


Joseph H. Smith, 


3. 


R. H. Ayer, 


4. Simeon Warner. 


2. 


J. Eastman, 

Levi Lincoln, 




Massachitsetts. 


David Pungr^e. 


1. 


E. Dwight, 


5. 


B. F. Thomas, 


8. H. A. S. Dearborn, 


2. 


D. Adams, 


6. 


M. Lawrence, 


9. William Baylies, 


3. 


Albert Fearing, 


7. 


A. Howland, 


10. William K. Easton. 


4. 


Isaac Livermore, 




Rhode Island. 






William Sprague, 




George C. King. 


1. 


I. T. Rhodes, 

T. W. Williams, 


9 


R. Babcock. 

CONNEC^riCTTX. 


Solomon Olmsted. 


1. 


E. Jackson, 


2 


J. McClellan, 
Vermont. 


3. J. B. Ferris. 




Erastus Fairbanks, 




Timothy FoUett. 


1. 


George T. Hodges, 


3. 


A. L. Catlin, 


4. E. Cleveland. 


2. 


A. Tracy, 

H. H. Ross, 




New York. 


George Griswold. 


1. 


A. T. Rose, 


7. 


Jo. Hosie, 


13. J. McKie, 


2. 


George Benson, 


8. 


J. S. Smith, 


14. B. J. Clark, 


3. 


J. M. Cross, 


9. 


J. AYhittemore, 


15. S. Freeman, 


4. 


J. C. Cruger, 


10. 


Robert Dorian, 


16. J. A. Collier, 


5. 


D. Lord, 


11. 


J. Seymour, 


17. L C. Duff, 


6. 


T. D. Bull, 


12. 


C. F. Crosby, 


18. J. Bradley, 



Appendix. 



59 



19. William B. Welles, 

20. Daniel Larkin, 

21. Charles R. Barstow, 

22. 0. Poole, 

23. D. Kellogg, 

24. B. F. Harwood, 

John Runk, 

1. J. Brick, 

2. Robert V. Armstrong, 



25. S. Francher, 

26. J. Davenport, 

27. E. Sheldon, 

28. D. E. Sill, 

29. M. Butterfield, 

New Jersey. 

3. Charles Burroughs, 

4. C. Howell, 



30. William Kelchum, 

31. E. D. Smith, 

32. 0. P. Haskall, 

33. Asa Chatfield, 

34. Solomon Parmalee. 



Isaac V. Brown. 

5. Peter I. Ackerman. 



Thomas M. T. 

1. John P. Sanderson, 

2. W. G. Hurly, 

3. J. G. Clarkson, 

4. Francis Tyler, 

5. J. P. Wetherill, 

6. H. Johnson, 

7. J. M. Davis, 

8. William Calder, 



Pennsylvania. 
McKennan, 

9. Thomas W. Duffield, 

10. William Mcllvaine, 

11. J. Dungan, 

12. Charles W. Fisher, 

13. Daniel E. Hitner, 

14. A. G. Curtin, 

15. J. D. Steele, 



Charles Snyder. 

17. I. Landes, 

18. Joseph Markle, 

19. Joseph Shomacher, 

20. Daniel Agnew, 

21. A. M. Loomis, 

22. Thomas H. Sill, 

23. Richard Irwin, 



16. Thomas R. Davidson, 24. Samuel A. Purviance. 



P. Reybold, 
1. G. H. Wright. 

W. L. Gaither, 

1. Joseph S. Cottman, 

2. J. P. Roman, 



Delaware, 



Maryland. 

3. J. M. S. Causin, 

4. J, M. Starris, 



Samuel Cotts. 



A, G, Ege, 

5. B. C. Wicker, 

6. J. C. Derickson. 



J. S, Millson, 

1. F, E. Rives, 

2. Henry A. Wise, 

3. H. L. Hopkins, 

4. Thomas Sloane, 

5. W. P. Bocock, 



Virginia, 

6. G. B. Samuels, 

7. W, M. Tredway, 

8. John Letcher, 

9. S. F, Leake, 
10. John B. Floyd, 



R. G. Scott, 

11. J. S. Barbour, Sr. 

12. A. G. Pendleton, 

13. H. A. Washington, 

14. Samuel L. Haynes, 

15. 0. W. Largefit, 



North Carolina. 
Kenneth Rayner, 

1. Edward Stanley, 4. J. Winslow, 

2. W. H. Washington, 5. John Kerr, 

3. George Davis, 6. Rawley Galloway, 



H. W. Miller. 

7. Jas. W. Osborne, 

8. Tod R. Caldwell, 

9. John Baxton, 



South Carolina. 
Benjamin F. Perry, 

1. Thomas Lehre, 4. W. J. Ilanna, 

2. J. L. Manning, 5, N. R. Eaves, 

3. P. C. Caldwell, 



Alexander Ervins. 

6. J. B. Campbell, 

7. Benjamin G. AUston. 



60 



Appendix. 



Geokgia. 



William Terrell, 




Seaton Grantland. 


1. H. W. Sharpe, 


4. Asbury Hull, 


7. William Moseley, 


2. W. Aiken, 


5, A. W. Redding, 


8. George Stapleton. 


3. William H. Crawford, 


6. y. P. King, 

Kentucky. 




A. Dixon, 




M, "V. Thomson. 


1. L. Lindsay, 


5. T. W. Lisle, 


8. Leslie Coombs, 


2. J. L. Johnson, 


6. M. D. McIIenry, 


9. A. Trumbo, 


3 F. E. McLean, 


7. B. R. Young, 


10. W. C. MarshalL 


4. William Chenault, 


Tennessee. 




James C. Jones, 




John Netherland. 


1. T. A. R. Nelson, 


5. William Kercheval, 


9. A. Goodrich, 


2. A. G. Watkins, 


6. S. E. Rose, 


10. G. D. Searcy, 


3. R. B. Brabson, 


7. J. S. Brien, 


11. C. H. Williams. 


4. John L. Goodall, 


8. William Cullom, 
Ohio. 




L. Byington, 




Samuel Starkweather. 


1. J. Sniden, 


8. D. T. Swinney, 


15. D. A. Starkweather, 


2. George Kesling, 


9. Lewis Anderson, 


16. J. B. Butler, 


3. J. Kinney, 


10. John Lidey, 


17. H. B. Payne, 


4. G. Volney Dorsey, 


11. William Lawrence, 


18. A. Ives, 


5. C. M. Godfrey, 


12. William J. Fry, 


19. John Caldwell, 


6. S. Diflfenderfer, 


18. Joseph Burnis, 


20. John Glover, 


7. S. M. Littell, 


14. W. McDonald, 
Louisiana. 


21. Van. S. Murphy. 


Jacques Joutanl 


t, 


J. P. Benjamin. 


1. M. J. Garcia, 


3. John Moore, 


4. J. G. Campbell. 


2. C. Adams, Jr. 


Mississippi. 




J. A. Quitman, 




J. W. Chalmers. 


1. D. B. Wright, 


3. William McWillie, 


4. G. W. L. Smith. 


2. J. A. "Ventress, 


Indiana. 




Robert Dale Owen, 


E. M. Chamberlain. 


1. N. Albertson, 


5. James Ritchey, 


8. Daniel Mace, 


2. C. L. Dunham, 


6. George W. Carr, 


9. G. N. Fitch, 


3. William M. McCarty, 


7. I. M. Hanna, 


10. A. J. Harlan. 


4. Charles H. Test, 


Illinois. 




I. Manning, 




Ferris Foreman. 


1. M. Sweny, 


4. H. W. Vandervier, 


6. M. E. Hollister, 


2. C. Lansing, 


5. S. S. Hayes, 


7. W. L. Furgerson. 


3. William Martin, 







Appendix. 



61 



John A. Winston, 

1. J. E. Saunders, 4. 

2. Lewis M. Stone, 5. 

3. Francis S. Lyon, 

J. C. Welborn, 

1. Abraham McKinney, 3. 

2. B. T. Massey, 4. 



John Martin, 
1. James Yell. 

John S. Barry, 
1. Rix Robinson, 2. 



Jackson Morton, 
1. J. H. Mcintosh. 

James B. Miller, 
1. William C. Young, 2. 



A. C. Dodge, 
1. Joseph Williams, 2. 



F. Huebschmann, 
1. William Dinwiddie, 2. 



Alabama. 

James Armstrong, 
J. J. Seibels, 

Missouri. 

E. B. Ewing, 
James H. Rolfe, 

Arkansas. 



Michigan. 
H. C. Turbur, 
Florida. 

Texas. 
M. A. Dooley. 
Iowa, 
Lincoln Clark. 

Wisconsin. 
D. P. Mapes. 



Columbus W. Lee. 

6. C. C. Clay, Jr. 

7. James F. Dowdell. 



G. D. HaU. 

5. Tristam Polk. 



John S. Krane. 



L. M. Mason. 

3. AVilliam T. Howell. 



Samuel Spencer. 



T. G. Brooks. 



J. J. Selman. 



Samuel F. Nichols. 



SEVENTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1853. 

Franklin Pierce was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote 
of Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, 
Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, 
Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Ohio, 
Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Wisconsin, and California — 296. 
Winfield Scott received the vote of Vermont, Massachusetts, Tennessee, and 
Kentucky — 42. William R. King was elected Vice-President, receiving 254 
votes ; while William A. Graham had 42. The Electors were : — 



R. Mclntire, 

1. G. F. Shepley, 

2. R. Lowell, 



Maine. 

8. I. H. FuUer, 
4. 0. Mores, 



J. C. Talbot. 

5. D. Richardson, 

6. J. W. Tabor. 



62 



Appendix. 



New Hampshiue. 

H. Hubbard, L. Jones 
1. J. A. Douglas, 2. S. Webster, 3. N. B. Baker. 

Vermont. 

Porters Baxter, A. P. Lyman. 
1. E. P. Walton, 2. E. Kirkland, 3. L. Adams. 



R. C. Winthrop, 

1. George Bliss, 

2. J. Gardner, 

3. R. G. Shaw, 

4. George Coggswell, 



Massachusetts. 

5. E. Torrey, 

6. George A. Crocker, 

7. Amos Lawrence, 

8. Daniel C. Baker, 



J. H. W. Page. 
9. J. Coggin, 

10. R. Bullock, 

11. E. R. Colt. 



Rhode Island. 
George Turner, A. Ballou. 

1. A. Eddy. 2. J. Spink. 



Connecticut. 



Thomas H. Seymoxir, 



1. A. P. Hyde, 

2. Charles Parker, 

S. B. Piper, 

1. P. S. Crooke, 

2. E. B. Litchfield, 

3. R. T. Compton, 

4. J. M. Marsh, 

5. I. Murphy, 

6. William H. Cornell, 

7. G. F. ConoTer, 

8. A. F. Vache, 

9. E. Suffern, 

10. Alexander Thompson, 

11. Zadock Pratt, 



3. S. Bingham, 

New York. 

12. L. Van Buren, 

13. J. Pierson, 

14. J. W. Bishop, 

15. C. Vosburgh, 

16. Thomas Crook, 

17. W, C. Grain, 

18. William Taylor, 

19. C. S. Grinnell, 

20. W. C. Beardsley, 

21. L. J. Walworth, 

22. D. A. Ogden, 



N. Belcher. 

4. William F. Taylor. 



Charles O'Conor. 

23. T. H. Hubbard, 

24. T. G. McDowell, 

25. S. G. Hathaway, 

26. F. C. Divinny, 

27. D. De Wolf, 

28. D. Warners, 

29. J. C. Collins, 

30. T. B. Skinner, 

81. William Vandervoort, 

32. W. L. G. Smith, 

33. Benjamin Chamberlain. 



V. D. Vroom, 

1. William S. Bowen, 

2. G. Black, 



New Jersey. 

3. P. B. Kennedy, 

4. J. N. Taylor, 



William Wright. 
5. E. A. Stevens. 



H. McCandless, 

1. N. B. Eldred, 

2. Peter Logan, 

3. George H. Martin, 

4. I. Miller, 

5. F. W. Bockius, 



Pennsylvania. 

6. R. McCoy, Jr. 

7. A. Apple, 

8. N. Strickland, 

9. A. Peters, 
10. D. Fister, 



Robert Patterson. 

11. R. E. James, 

12. J. McReynolds, 

13. Pardon Damon, 

14. H. C. Eyer, 

15. J. Clayton, 



Appendix. 



63 



16. Isaac Kobinson, 

17. H. Fetten, 

18. J. Burnside, 

19. M. McCaslin, 

J. Merritt, 
1. Henry Bacon. 



R. M. McLane, 

1. J. Parren, 

2. R. H. Alvey, 



20. J. ]\IcDonald, 

21. W. S. CaUahan, 

22. A. Burke, 

Delaware. 



Maryland. 

3. Carroll Spence, 

4. C. J. M. Gwinne, 



23. William Dunn, 

24. J. S. McCalmont, 

25. George K. Barrett. 



"William I. Clark. 



C. Humphries. 

5. J. A. Wickes, 

6. E. K. Wilson. 



M. Cooke, 

1. T. Rives, 

2. W. E. Flournoy, 

3. J. Goode, Jr. 

4. R. G. Scott, 

5. H. A. Wise, 



Virginia. 

6. R. L. Montague, 

7. James Barbour, 

8. R. Tucker, 

9. George E. Deneale, 



North Carolina. 
James C. Dobbin, 

1. Burton Craige, 4. A. Rencher, 

2. W. F. Leak, 5. L. 0. B. Branch, 

3. Robert P. Dick, G. Samuel J. Person, 



A. H. Dillard. 

10. James McDowell, 

11. J. B. Floyd, 

12. M. H. Johnson, 

13. Z. Kidwell. 



William H. Thomas. 

7. D. G. W. Ward, 

8. Thomas Bragg. 



G. Cannon, 

1. J. H. Adams, 

2. R. F. W. Allston, 



South Carolina. 

3. I. F. Marshall, 

4. M. E. Carn, 



Thomas P. Brockman. 

5. W. D. Porter, 

6. C. G. Memminger. 



Georgia. 
Wilson Lumpkin, II. V. Johnson. 

1. T. M. Forrman, 4. H. A. Haralson, 7. R. W. Flournoy, 

2. R. H. Clarke, 5. I. E. Brown, 8. William Schley. 

3. H. G. Lamar, 6. William L. Mitchell, 



Jesse Coe, 
1. J. C. Smith. 



J. A. Winston, 

1. F. S. Lyon, 

2. J. S. Seibels, 
3.' C. W. Lee, 



Florida. 



Alabama. 



4. L. M. Stone, 

5. Jas. Armstrong, 



Mississippi. 
E. C. Wilkinson, 

1. W. H. Johnson, 3. J. H. R. Taylor, 

2. 0. K. Singleton, 4. U. S. Featherston, 



McQueen Mcintosh. 



E. Saunders, 

6. C. C. Clay, Jr. 

7. J. S. Dowdell. 



A. M. Jackson. 

5. Hiram Casseday, 



64 



Appendix. 



Louisiana. 
E. Warren Moise, 

1. J. B. Planch^. 3. T. Landry, 

2. Thomas 0. Moore. 

Texas. 



T. G. Davidson. 

4. R. W. Richardson. 



George W. Smyth, 


R. S. Neighbors. 


1. L. D. Evans. 


Arkansas. 




H. M. Rector, 




J. A. Carter. 


1. T. B. Flournoy, 


2. B. T. Duval, 

Tennessee. 




G. A. Henry, 




William T. Haskell. 


1. N. G. Taylor, 


5. J. Stokes, 


8. J. A. McEwen, 


2. H. Maynard, 


6. J. M. Davidson, 


9. A. G. Shrewsbury, 


3. George Brown, 


7. E. R. Osborne, 


10. J. R. Moseby. 


4. S. M. Fite, 


Kentucky. 




J. F. Bell, 




Charles S. Morehead. 


1. L. Anderson, 


5. .J. L. Helm, 


8. J. Rodman, 


2. J. S. McFarland, 


6. C. F. Burnan, 


9. L. M. Cox, 


3. J. G. Rogers, 


7. Thomas F. Marshall, 


10. Thomas B. Stevenson. 


4. Thomas E. Bramlette, 


Ohio. 




W. McLean, 




William Palmer. 


1. B. Burns, 


8. H. J. Jewett, 


15. Joseph Kyle, 


2. J. B. Damble, 


9. E. G. Dial, 


16. J. Finley, 


3. Charles Rule, 


10. W. 0. Key, 


17. F. Cleveland, 


4. William Golden, 


11. L. H. Steedman, 


18. S. D. Harris. 


5. G. W. Stokes, 


12. C. H. Mitchener, 


19. E. T. Wilder, 


6. 0. Keyser, 


13. C. J. Orton, 


20. E. H. Haines, 


7. R. C. Cunningham, 


14. E. T. McArtor, 


21. B. T. Johnson. 




Michigan. 


■^ 


J. S. Barry, 




D. J. Campau. 


1. A. Edwards, 


3. Salmer Sharpe, 


4. John Stockton. 


2. William McCauley, 


Indiana. 




John Pettit, 




Nathaniel Balton. 


1. J. H. Lane, 


5. Jas. S. Athon, 


9. E. Dvimont, 


2. A. F. Morrison, 


6. George B. Buell, 


10. A. H. Brown, 


3. J. F. Read, 


7. Jas. S. Hester, 


11. J. M. Talbott. 


4. W. C, Larabee, 


8. Samuel A. Hall, 





Illinois. 
J. A. McClelland, 

1. John Calhoun, 4. Vierby Benedict, 

2. E. G. Sanger, 5. D. L. Gregg, 

3. E. P. Ferry, 6. E. O'Melveny, 



Richard J. Hamilton. 

7. Jas. Mahon, 

8. Joseph Knox, 

9. C. A. Warren. 



Appendix. 



m 



Missouri. 
E. D. Bevritt, 

1. H. F. Gary, 4. J. D. Stevenson, 

2. William D. McCracken, 5. C. F. Holly, 

3. C. F. Jackson, 

Iowa. 
J. E. Fletcher, 
1. A. Hall, 2. AV. E. Leffincrwell. 



Alexander Kayser. 

6. J. M. Gatewood, 

7. Robert E. Acock. 



George H. Williams. 



Wisconsin. 
M. M. Cothren, 
1. B. Brown, 2. Philo White, 



Charles Billinghurst. 
3. S. Clark. 



California. 
W. S. Sherwood, 
1. J. W Gregory, . 2. Andrew Pico. 



Thomas J. Henley. 



EIGHTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1857. 

James Buchanan was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of 
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina 
Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Ala- 
bama, Missouri, Arkansas, Florida, Texas, and California — 173. J. C. Fremont 
received the entire vote of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, 
Connecticut, Vermont, New York, Ohio, Michigan, Iowa, and Wisconsin — 114. 
Millard Fillmore received the vote of Maryland — 8. John C. Breckinridge 
was elected Vice-President, receiving 173 votes; while W. L. Dayton had 114. 
and A. J. Donelson 8. The Electors were : — 



Maine. 

Noah Smith, .Jr. S. Perham. 

1. -James Morton, 3. K. Crockett, 5. A. P. Emerson, 

2. Isaac Gross, 4. E. Swan, 6. M. H. Pike. 



New Hampshire. 
W. H. H. Bailey, Thomas L. Whitton. 

1. Daniel Clarke, 2. Thomas M. Edwards, 3. J. H. White. 



Vermont. 
W. C. Bradley, George W. Strong. 

1. L. Brainard, 2. John Porter, 3. Porter Baxter. 

5* 



66 



Appendix. 



Thomas Colt, 

1. J. Vinson, 

2. A. B. Wheeler, 

3. G. K. Russell, 

4. George Odiorne, 



Massachusetts. 

Julius Rockwell. 

5. L. B. Marsh, 9. J. S. C. Knowlton, 

6. George 11. Devereux, 10. Charles E. Forbes, 

7. James M. Usher, 11. Franklin Ripley. 

8. J. Nesmith, 



E. W. Lawton, 
1. William P. Bullock, 



Rhode Island. 



2. William D. Brayton. 



Isaac Saunders. 



Connecticut. 



H. Button, 






J. Catlin. 


1. Thomas Clark, 




3. Wm. A. Buckingham, 


4. S. W. Gold. 


2. E. Spencer, 




New York. 




M. H. Grinnell, 




Thomas Carnley. 


1. J. S. Wadsworth, 




12. H. H. Van Dyck, 


23. A. Davenport, 


2. E. Field, 




13. J. S. Belcher, 


24. Le Ptoy Morgan, 


3. M. Tompkins, 




14. J. C. Hulbert, 


25. E. Burnham, 


4. J. P. Jones, 




15. D. D. Conover, 


26. M. H. Lawrence, 


5. A. P. Stanton, 




16. J. D. Kingsland, 


27. J. B. Williams, 


6. E. Cooke, 




17. S. Stilwell, 


28. Isaac L. Endress, 


7. James Kennedy, 




18. D. Cady, 


29. F. Clarke, 


8. R. A. Barnard, 




19. R. S. Hughston, 


30. W. S. Mallory, 


9. H. Raster, 




20.- W. S. Sayre, 


31. W. Keep, 


10. J. G. McMurray, 




21. J. S. Lynch, 


32. R. Wheeler, 


11. J. Kelly, 




22. D. H. Marsh, 

New Jersey. 


33. Delos E. Sill. 


E. A, Stevens, 




G. F. Fort. 


1. Benjamin' F. Lee, 




3. D. Von Fleet, 


5. George W. Savage. 


2. H. L. Little, 




4. H. A. Ford, 

Pennsylvania. 




Charles K. 


Buckalew, 


W. McCandless. 


1. G. W. Nebinger, 




10. Isaac Stenker, 


18. J. D. Roddy, 


2. P. Butler, 




11. F. W. Hughes, 


19. J. Turney, 


3. E. Wartman, 




12. T. Osterhout, 


20. James A. T. Buchanan, 


4. William H. Witte, 




13. A. Edninger, 


21. William Wilkins, 


5. J. McNair, 




14, R. Wilbur, 


22. J. C. Campbell, 


6. J. H. Brinton, 




15. George A. Crawford, 


23. Thomas Cunningham, 


7. D. Laury, 




16. James Black, 


24. J. Keattey, 


8. Charles Kessler, 




17. H. J. Stahle, 


25. V. Phelps. 


9, James Patterson, 




Delaware. 




George C. 


Gordon, 


H. Ridgeley. 



Appendix. 



«T 



J. D. Eoman, 

1. R. Goldsborough, 

2. E. H. Webster, 



Maryland. 

3. C. C. L. Leary, 

4. Thomas Swann, 



James Wallace. 

5. F. A. Schley, 

6. A. R. Sellers. 



ViKGINIA. 



E. W. Massenburg, 



1. T. H. Campbell, 

2. James Garland, 

3. J. Goode, Jr. 

4. Alexander Jones, 

5. William B. Taliaferro, 



H. M. Shaw, 

1. W. F. Martin, 

2. William P. Blow, 

3. M. B. Smith, 



6. R. L. Montague, 

7. James Barbour, 

8. J. R. Tucker, 

9. J. J. Harris, 



NoETH Cakolina. 

4. G. H. Wilder, 
6. S. E. Williams, 
6. Thomas Settle, Jr. 



A. H. Dillard. 

10. A. G. Pendleton, 

11. J. B. Floyd, 

12. S. L. Hayes, 

13. Sherrard Clemens. 



S. P. Hill. 

7, R. P. Waring, 

8. W. W. Avery. 



J. A. Inglis, 

1. W. A. Owens, 

2. B. T. Watts, 



South Carolina, 

3. J. J. Pickens, 

4. J, Chesnut, Jr. 



J. L. Nowell. 

6. F. W. Pickens, 
6. J. L. Manning. 



W. H. Stiles, 

1. J. L. Harris, 

2. L. J. Gartrell, 

3. Thomas M. Fournan, 



Georgia. 

4. J. W. Lewis, 

5. S. Hall, 

6. J. P. Simmons, 



J. N. Ramsay. 

7. J. P. Saffold, 

8. T. W. Thomas. 



M. A. Long, 
1. George W. Call. 

W. L. Yancey, 

1. L. P. Walker, 

2. J. G. Barr, 

3. A. B. Meek, 



C. S. Tarpley, 

1. J. F. Cushman, 

2. J. A. Orr, 



Florida. 



Alabama. 



4. J. D. Rathers, 

5. J. L. Pugh, 



Mississippi. 

3. B. Matthews, 

4. William M. Estelle, 



W. D. Barnes. 



J. W. A. Sanford. 

6. W. 0. Winston, 

7. J. L. M. Curry. 



J. W. Matthews. 
5. H. T. EUett. 



C. J. Villerre, 

1. T. Landry, ■ 

2. J. McVea, 



Louisiana. 
3. T. 0. Moore, 



W. A. Elmore. 
4. H. Gray. 



68 



Appendix. 



Texas. 
William R. Scurry, M. D. Ector. 

1. A. J. Hood, 2. A. J. Hamilton. 



Arkansas. 



L. H. Hempstead, 
1. J. J. Green, 2. J. McCoy. 



N. B. Burrow. 



W. H. Polk, 

1. J. G. Harris, 

2. E. L. GardenHre, 

3. S. Pawel, 

4. E. A. Keeble, 

E. Hise, 

1. J, W. Stevenson, 

2. S. Cravens, 

3. I. T. Hawkins, 

4. B. Magoiiin, 

C. B. Smith, 

1. J. Perkins, 

2. E. M. Corwine, 

3. P. Odlin, 

4. J. S. Conklin, 

5. William Taylor, 

6. E. P. Evans, 

7. W. H. P. Dennys, 



Tennessee. 

5. J. M. McHenry, 

6. J. H. Thomas, 

7. J. J. Brown, 



D. M. Key. 

8. G. G. Poindexter, 

9. J. D. C. Atkins, 
10. D. M. Currin. 



Kentucky. 

5. George W. Williams, 

6. Benjamin F. Rice, 

7. William D. Reed, 

Ohio. 

8. J. R. Hubbell, 

9. R. G. Pennington, 

10. F. Cleaveland, 

11. J. Welch, 

12. D. Humphrey, 
18. H. D. Cooke, 
14. E. Pardee, 



A. Finn. 

8. R. W. WooUey, 

9. R. H. Stanton, 
10. Hiram KelSey. 



B. Stallo. 

15. J. M. Hodge, 

16. Davis Green, 

17. M. Pennington, 

18. J. S. Herrick, 

19. A. Wilcox, 

20. J. Dumas, 

21. A. E. Burs. 



F. C. Beaman, 

1. H. Chamberlain, 

2. W. H. Withey, 

G. N. Fitch, 

1. S. H. Buskirk, 

2. J. M. Hanna, 

3. W. T. Barrett, 

4. I. S. McClelland, 



Michigan. 



3. C. H. Millen, 



Indiana. 

5. S. K. Wolfe, 

6. 0. Evarts, 

7. S. W. Short, 

8. F. P. Randall, 



0. Johnson. 

4. Thomas J. Drake. 



M. M. Ray. 

9. D. D. Jones, 

10. S. Mickle, 

11. E. Johnson. 



Illinois. 
A. M. Herrington, 

1. M. L. Joslyn, 4. I. P. Richmond, 

2. Hugh Maher, 5. S. W. Moulton, 

3. R. HoUoway, 6. 0. B. Ficklin, 



H. Constable. 

7. W. A. J. Sparks, 

8. J. A. Logan. 



Appendix. 



69 



Iowa. 
D. F. Miller, 
1. W. M. iStone, 2. H. 0. Connor. 



H. T. Downey. 



California. 
A. Olvera, 
1. P. Delia Torre, 2. A. C. Bradford. 



George Freaner. 



Missouri 
J. B. Henderson, 

1. W. Y. Slack, 4. J. T. Coffee, 

2. J. N. Burns, 5. F. Kenneth, 

3. J. W. Torbert, 

WiSCONSIK. 

E. D. Holton, 
1. I. H. Knowlton, 2. Billie Williams, 



J. B. Benjamin. 

6. W. D. McCracken, 

7. L. Cooke. 



W. D. Mclndoe. 
3. G. Menzel. 



70 Appendix. 



THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. 



CHIEF JUSTICES. 

John Jay, of New York, appointed by tlie President, with the advice and 
consent of the Senate, September 26, 1789. Nominated April 16, and confirmed 
April 19, 1794, Envoy Extraordinary to England. Resigned as Chief Justice. 
Snccessor appointed July 1, 1795. 

John Rutledge, of South Carolina, appointed July 1, 1795, in recess of Senate, 
in place of John Jay resigned, and presided on the bench at August term, 1795. 
Nominated December 10, and rejected by the Senate December 15, 1795. 

William Cushing, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed, 
etc. January 27, 1796, in place of John Jay, resigned. Declined the appoint- 
ment. He was then an Associate Justice. 

Oliver Ellsworth, of Connecticut. Nomination confirmed and appointed, 
etc. March 4, 1796, in place of W. Cushing, declined. Appointed Envoy Extra- 
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to France, February 27, 1799. He pre- 
sided on the Bench at the August term, 1799. Proceeded on his mission to 
France, November 3, 1799. Resigned as Chief Justice. Successor appointed 
December 19, 1800. 

John Jay, G-overnor of New York. Nomination confirmed and appointed, 
etc. December 19, 1800, in place of Oliver Ellsworth, resigned. Declined the 
appointment. 

John Marshall, Secretary of State.* Nomination confirmed January 27, 
and appointed, etc. January 31, 1801, in place of John Jay, declined. Died in 
1835. 

Roger B. Taney, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed and appointed, etc- 
March 15, 1836, in the place of John Marshall, deceased. 



* John Marshall, Secretary of State, was nominated to the Senate as Chief Justice, 
January 20, 1801, was confirmed on the 27th, commissioned on the 31st, and pre- 
sided on the bench of the Supreme Court from the 4th to the 9th of February, 
or during February term, 1801. From a message of the President to Congress, 
accompanied by a report from John Marshall, Secretary of State, dated February 27, 
1801, it appears that he also continued to act in the latter capacity until that day, 
and from other circumstances, that he continued to act as such until March 3, 1801, 
on which day the then administration terminated. 



Appendix. 71 



ASSOCIATE JUSTICES 

OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

John Rutledge, of Soutli Carolina. Nomination confirmed and appointed 
September 26, 1789. Resigned, and Thomas Johnson appointed. 

William Gushing, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed September 26, 
and appointed September 27, 1789. Died, and Levi Lincoln appointed. 

James Wilson, of Pennsylvania. Nomination confirmed September 26, and 
appointed September 29, 1789. Died, and Bushrod Washington appointed. 

John Blair, of Virginia. Nomination confirmed September 26, and appointed 
September 30, 1789. Resigned, and Samuel Chase appointed. 

Robert H. Harrison, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed September 26, 
1789. Resigned, and James Iredell appointed. 

James Iredell, of North Carolina. Appointed in recess of Senate, in place 
of Robert H. Harrison, resigned. Nomination confirmed and appointed February 
10, 1790. Died, and Alfred Moore appointed. 

Thomas Johnson, of Maryland. Appointed August 5, 1791, in recess of 
Senate, in place of John Rutledge, resigned. Nomination confirmed and ap- 
pointed November 7, 1791. Resigned, and William Paterson appointed. 

William Paterson, Governor of New Jersey. Nomination confirmed and 
appointed March 4, 1793, in place of Thomas Johnson, resigned. Died, and 
Brockholst Livingston appointed. 

Samuel Chase, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed and appointed January 
27, 1796, in place of John Blair, resigned. Died, and Gabriel Duval appointed. 

Bushrod Washington, of Yirginia. Appointed September 29, 1798, in recess 
of Senate, in place of James Wilson, deceased. Nomination confirmed and ap- 
pointed December 30, 1798. Died, and Henry Baldwin appointed, 

Alfred Moore, of North Carolina. Nomination confirmed and appointed 
December 10, 1799, in place of James Iredell, deceased. Resigned, and William 
Johnson appointed. 

William Johnson, of South Carolina. Nomination confirmed and appointed 
March 26, 1804, in place of Alfred Moore, resigned. (Confirmed and appointed 
Collector of the Customs, February 22, 1819, and declined the appointment.) 
Died in 1834, and James M. Wayne appointed. 

Thomas Todd, of Kentucky. Nomination confirmed March 2, and appointed 
March 3, 1807. 

Brockholst Livingston, of New York. Appointed November 10, 1806, in 
recess of Senate, in place of William Paterson, deceased. Nomination confirmed 
and appointed December 17, 1806. Died, and Smith Thompson appointed. 

Levi Lincoln, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed Janu- 
ary 3, 1811, in place of William Gushing, deceased. Declined the appointment, 
and John Quincy Adams appointed. 



72 Appendix. 

John Quincy Adams, of Massacliusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed 
February 22, 1811, in place of Levi Lincoln, declined. Declined the appoint- 
ment, and Joseph Story appointed. 

Joseph Story, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed No- 
vember 18, 1811, in place of John Quincy Adams, declined. Died, and Levi 
Woodbury appointed. ^ 

Gabriel Duval, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed and appointed Novem- 
ber 18, 1811, in the place of Samuel Chase, deceased. Ptesigned, and Philip P. 
Barbour appointed. 

Smith Thompson, of New York. Appointed September 1, 1823, in recess of 
the Senate, in place of Brockholst Livingston, deceased. Nomination confirmed 
and appointed December 9, 1823. Died, and Samuel Nelson appointed. 

Egbert Trimble, of Kentucky. Nomination confirmed and appointed May 9, 
1826, in the place of Thomas Todd, deceased. Died, and John McLean ap- 
pointed. 

John McLean, of Ohio. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 7, 1829, 
in the place of Eobert Trimble, deceased. 

Henry Baldvtin, of Pennsylvania. Nomination confirmed and appointed 
January 6, 1830, in place of Bushrod Washington, deceased. Died, and E. C. 
Grier appointed. 

James M. Wayne, of Georgia. Nomination confirmed and appointed Janu- 
ary 9, 1835, in place of William Johnson, deceased. 

Philip P. Barbour, of Yirginia. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 
15, 1836, in place of Gabriel Duval, resigned. Died, and P. Y. Daniel appointed. ' 

John Catron, of Tennessee. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 8, 
1837. 

William Smith, of Alabama. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 8, 
1837. Declined the appointment, and John McKinley appointed. 

John McKinley, of Alabama. Appointed April 22, 1837, in recess of the 
Senate, in place of William Smith, declined. Nomination confirmed and ap- 
pointed September 25, 1837. 

Peter Y. Daniel, of Yirginia. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 3> 
1841, in place of Philip P. Barbour, deceased. 

Samuel Nelson, of NevfYork. Nomination confirmed and appointed Febru- 
ary 14, 1845, in place of Smith Thompson, deceased. 

Levi Woodbury, of New Hampshire. Appointed September 20, 1845, in re- 
cess of the Senate, in place of Joseph Story, deceased. Nomination confirmed 
and appointed January 3, 1846. 

Egbert C. Grier, of Pennsylvania. Nomination confirmed and appointed 
August 4, 1846, in place of Henry Baldwin, deceased. 

Benjamin Bobbins Curtis, of Massachusetts. Appointed during the recess 
of the Senate, in place of Levi Woodbury, deceased. Nomination confirmed and 
appointed December 20, 1851. Eesigned. 

James A. Campbell, of Alabama. Appointed in 1853. 

Nathan Clifford, of Maine. Appointed in 1858. 



Appendix. 73 



CLERKS OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED 

STATES. 

John Tucker, of Massachusetts, appointed February 3, 1790. Resigned. 
Samuel Bayard, of Delaware, appointed August 1, 1791. Resigned. 
Elias B. Caldwell, of New Jersey, appointed August 15, 1800. Died. 
William Griffith, of New Jersey, appointed February 9, 1826. Died. 
William T. Carroll, District of Columbia, appointed January 20, 1827. Pre- 
sent incumbent. 



REPORTERS OF DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT. 

Alexander J. Dallas, reported from 1789 to 1800, inclusive. 

William Oranch, " " 1801 to 1815, 

Henry Wheaton, " " 1816 to 1827, 

Richard Peters, Jr. " " 1828 to 1842, 

Benjamin C. Howard, " " 1813. Present incumbent. 



MARSHALS OF THE UNITED STATES ATTENDANT ON 
THE SUPREME COURT. 

Under the construction of the Judiciary Act of 1789, the Marshals of all the 
Districts were required to attend the sessions of the Supreme Court, until, by the 
act of June 9, 1794, the Marshal of the district alone in which the Court shall sit 
was required to attend its sessions. 

David Lenox, Marshal of the District of Pennsylvania, attended from January 
28, 1794, to February, 1801. 

Daniel Carroll Brent, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from 
August 3, 1801, to August, 1808. 

Washington Boyd, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from Febru- 
ary 1, 1808, to August, 1818. 

Tench Ringgold, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from Novem- 
ber 30, 1818, to August, 1831. 

Henry Ashton, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from Febru- 
ary 4, 1831, to February, 1834. 

Alexander Hunter, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from 
March 6, 1834, to December, 1848. 

Robert Wallace, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from De- 
cember 5, 1848, to December, 1849. 

Richard AVallach, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from De- 
cember 4, 1849, to May, 1853. 

Jonah D. Hoover, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from May 31, 
1853, to April, 1858. 

William Selden, Marshal of the District of Columbia, atten-ded from April 1, 
1858, to present time. 



MmiSTEES TO rOEEIGN COUNTEIES. 



LIST OF DIPLOMATIC APPOINTMENTS 



BETWEEN 1789 AND 1858. BOTH INCLUSIVE. 



An asterisk affixed to a name indicates tliat the individual has been a mem- 
ber of Congress, and that further information concerning him may be found, 
under the proper head, m. the body of the work. En. Ex. and Min. Plen. sig- 
nifies Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

(74) 



Appendix. 



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THE DECLAMTION OF INDEPENDENCE. 



PEOCEEDINGS IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED COLONIES 
RESPECTING "A DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, BY THE 
REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 
IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED." 



Saturday, June 8, 1776. 

Resolved, That the resolutions respecting independency be referred to a com- 
mittee of the whole Congress. 

The Congress then resolved itself into a committee of the whole ; and, after 
some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported, that the 
committee have taken into consideration the matter to them referred, but not 
having come to any resolution thereon, directed him to move for leave to sit 
again on Monday. 

Resolved, That this Congress will, on Monday next, at 10 o'clock, resolve 
itself into a committee of the whole, to take into further consideration the reso- 
lutions referred to them. 



Monday, June 10, 1776. 

Agreeable to order, the Congress resolved itself into a committee of the 
whole, to take into their further consideration the resolutions to them referred ; 
and, after some time spent thereon, the President resumed the chair, and 
Mr. Harrison reported, that the committee have had under consideration the 
matters referred to them, and have come to a resolution thereon, which they 
directed him to report. 
The resolution agreed to in committee of the whole being read, — 
Resolved, That the consideration of the first resolution be postponed to Mon- 
day, the first day of July nest ; and in the meanwhile, that no time be lost, in 
case the Congress agree thereto, that a committee be appointed to prepare a 
declaration to the effect of the said first resolution, which is in these words : 

(93) 



94 Appendix. 

"That tliese United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent 
States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown; and 
that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and 
ought to be, totally dissolved." 



Tuesday, June 11, 1776. 

Resolved, That the committee for preparing the Declaration consist of five : 
The members chosen, Mr. Jefferson, Mr. John Adams, Mr. Franklin, Mr. Sher- 
man, and Mr. E. R. Livingston. 



Tuesday, June 25, 1776. 

A declaration of the Deputies of Pennsylvania, met in Provincial Conference, 
was laid before Congress, and read, expressing their willingness to concur in a 
vote of Congress, declaring the United Colonies free and independent States. 



Friday, June 28, 1776. 

"Francis Hopkinson, one of the Delegates from New Jersey, attended, and 
produced the credentials of their appointment," containing the following instruc- 
tions : — " If you shall judge it necessary or expedient for this purpose, we em- 
power you to join in declaring the United Colonies independent of Great Britain, 
entering into a confederation for union and common defence," &c. 



Monday, July 1, 1776. 

" A resolution of the Convention of Maryland, passed the 28th of June, was 
laid before Congress and read," containing the following instructions to their 
deputies in Congress : — "That the deputies of said Colony, or any three or more 
of them, be authorized and empowered to concur with the other United Colo- 
nies, or a majority of them, in declaring the United Colonies free and independent 
States ; in forming such further compact and confederation between them," &c. 

The order of the day being read, — 

Resolved, That this Congress will resolve itself into a committee of the whole, 
to take into consideration the resolution respecting independency. 

That the Declaration be referred to said committee. 

The Congress resolved itself into a committee of the whole. After some time 
the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported, that the committee 
had come to a resolution, which they desired him to report, and to move for leave 
to sit again. 

The resolution agreed to by the committee of the whole being read, the deter- 
mination thereof was, at the request of a Colony, postponed until to-morrow. 

Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, resolve itself into a committee 
of the whole, to take into consideration the Declaration respecting independence. 



Appendix. - 95 



Tuesday, July 2, 1776. 

The Congress resumed the consideration of the resolution reported from the 
committee of the whole, which was agreed to as follows : — 

Resolved, TJiat these United Colonies are, and, of right, ought to he. Free 
and Independent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the 
British croxvn, and that all political connection between them and the State of 
Great Britain, is, and ought to he, totally dissolved. 

Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress resolved itself into a com- 
mittee of the whole ; and, after some time, the President resumed the chair, and 
Mr. Harrison reported, that the committee have had under consideration the 
Declaration to them referred ; but, not having had time to go through the same, 
desired him to move for leave to sit again. 

Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, again resolve itself into a com- 
mittee of the whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration 
respecting independence. 

Wednesday, July 3, 1776. 

Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress resolved itself into a com- 
mittee of the whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration; 
and, after some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported, 
that the committee, not having yet gone through it, desired leave to sit again. 

Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, again resolve itself into a com- 
mittee of the whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration of 
Independence, 

Thursday, July 4, 1776. 

Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress resolved itself into a com- 
mittee of the whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration ; and, 
after some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported, 
that the committee had agreed to a declaration, which they desired him to report. 

The Declaration being read, was agreed to as follows : — 



A DECLARATION BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED 
STATES OF AMERICA, IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED. 

When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to 
dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to 
assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which 
the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the 
opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel 
them to the separation. 

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ; that 
they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights ; that among 



96 Appendix. 

these, are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That, to secure these rights, 
governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the con- 
sent of the governed ; that, whenever any form of government becomes destruc- 
tive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to 
institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organ- 
izing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their 
safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long 
established, should not be changed for light and transient causes ; and, accord- 
ingly, all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while 
evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which 
they are accustomed. But, when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursu- 
ing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute 
despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and 
to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient suf- 
ferance of these Colonies, and such is now the necessity which constrains them 
to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present king 
of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having, in 
direct object, the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States. To 
prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world : — 

He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the 
public good. 

He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing im- 
portance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained ; 
and, when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. 

He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of 
people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the 
legislature ; a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only. 

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and 
distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fa- 
tiguing them into compliance with his measures. 

He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing, with manly 
firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people. 

He has refused, for a long time after such dissolutions, to cause others to be 
elected ; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned 
to the people at large for their exercise ; the State remaining, in the mean time, 
exposed to all the danger of invasion from without, and convulsions within. 

He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States : for that pur- 
pose, obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners ; refusing to pass 
others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new 
appropriations of lands. 

He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws 
for establishing judiciary powers. 

He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, 
and the amount and payment of their salaries. 

He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers 
to harass our people and eat out their substance. 



Appendix. 97 

He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the con- 
sent of our legislature. 

He has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the 
civil power. 

He has combined, with others, to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our 
constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to their acts of 
pretended legislation : 

For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us : 

For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment, for any murders which 
they should commit on the inhabitants of these States : 

For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world : 

For imposing taxes on us without our consent : 

For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury : 

For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences : 

For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring province, 
establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as 
to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same 
absolute rule into these colonies : 

For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering, 
fundamentally, the powers of our governments : 

For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with 
power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. 

He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and 
waging war against us. 

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed 
the lives of our people. 

He is, at this time, transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to com- 
plete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun, with circum- 
stances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, 
and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation. 

^He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear 
arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and 
brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. 

He has excited domestic insurrections among us, and has endeavored to 
bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose 
known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction, of all ages, sexes, and 
conditions. 

In every stage of these oppressions, we have petitioned for redress, in the most 
humble terms ; our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated 
injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by ev^ery act which may define 
a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. 

Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have 
warned them, from time to time, of attempts made by their legislature to extend 
an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circum- 
stances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their 
native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them, by the ties of our 
common kindred, to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt 



98 



Appendix. 



our connections and correspondence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of 
justice and consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity which 
denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, ene- 
mies in war, in peace, friends. 

We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General 
Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rec- 
titude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by the authority of the good people 
of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare. That these United Colonies 
are, and, of right, ought to be, free and independent States ; that they are ab- 
solved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection 
between them and the State of Great Britain, is, and ought to be, totally dis. 
solved ; and that, as free and independent States, they have full power to levy 
war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other 
acts and things which independent States may of right do. And, for the support 
of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, 
we mutually pledge to each other, our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. 

The foregoing Declaration was, by order of Congress, engrossed, and signed 

by the following members : — 

John Hancock. 



Josiah Bartlett, 



New Hampshire. 
William Whipple, 



Matthew Thornton. 



Samuel Adams, 
John Adams, 

Stephen Hopkins, 



Massachusetts Bay. 
Eobert Treat Paine, 

Rhode Island. 
William Ellery. 



Elbridge Gerry. 



Roger Sherman, 
Samuel Huntington, 

William Floyd, 
Philip Livingston, 

Richard Stockton, 
John Witherspoon, 



Connecticut. 
William Williams, 

New York. 
Francis Lewis, 

Neio Jersey. 
Francis Hopkinson, 
John Hart, 



Oliver Wolcott. 



Lewis Morris. 



Abraham Clark. 



Robert Morris, 
Benjamin Rush, 
Benjamin Franklin, 



Pennsylvania. 
John Morton, 
George Clymer, 
James Smith, 



George Taylor, 
James Wilson, 
George Ross. 



Caesar Rodney, 



Delaioare. 
George Read, 



Thomas McKean. 



Appendix. 



99 



Maryland. 
Samuel Chase, William Paca, 

Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. 



Thomas Stone, 



Virginia. 
George Wythe, Benjamin Harrison, Francis Lightfoot Lee, 

Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Nelson, Jr., Carter Braxton, 

Thomas Jefferson, 



William Hooper, 



North Carolina. 
Joseph Hewes, 



John Penn. 



South Carolina. 
Edward Rutledge, Thomas Lynch, Jr., Arthur Middleton. 

Thomas Heyward, Jr., 



Geo7'gia. 
Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, 



George Walton. 



Resolved, That copies of the Declaration be sent to the several assemblies, 
conventions, and committees, or councils of safety, and to the several command- 
ing officers of the continental troops ; that it be proclaimed in each of the United 
States, and at the head of the army. 



100 



Appendix. 



SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, 

IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED, JULY 4, 1776. 

The following List of Members of the Continental Congress, who signed the Decla- 
ration of Independence, (although tlie names are included in the general list of 
that Congress, from 1774 to 1788,) is given separately, for the purpose of showing 
the places and dates of their birth, and the time of their respective deaths, for 
convenient reference : — 



NAMES OF THE SIGNERS. 



Adams, John 

Adams, Samuel 

Bartlett, Josiah 

Braxton, Carter 

Carroll, Charles, of CarroUton 

Chase, Samuel 

Clark, Abraham 

Clymer, George 

Ellery, William 

JFloyd, William 

Franklin, Benjamin 

Gerry, Elbridge 

Gwinnett, Button 

Hall, Lyman 

Hancock, John 

Harrison, Benjamin 

Hart, John 

Hey ward, Thomas, Jr 

Hewes, Joseph 

Hooper, William 

Hopkins, Stephen 

Hopkinson, Francis 

Huntington, Samuel 

Jefferson. Thomas 

Lee, Francis Lightfoot 

Lee, Richard Henry 

Lewis, Francis 

Livingston, Philip 

Lynch, Thomas, Jr 

McKean, Thomas 

Middleton, Arthur 

Morris, Lewis 

Morris, Robert 

Morton, John 

Nelson, Thomas, Jr 

Paca, William 

Paine, Robert Treat 

Penn, John 

Read, George 

Rodney. Cajsar 

Ross, (jeorge 

Rush, Benjamin, M.D 

Rutledge, Edward 

Sherman, Roger 

Smith, James 

Stockton, Richard 

Stone, Thomas , 

Taylor, George 

Thornton, Matthew 

Walton, George 

Whipple, William 

Williams, William 

Wilson, James 

Witherspoon, John 

Wolcott, Oliver 

Wythe, George 



Braintree, Mass., 
Boston, " 

Amesbury, " 
Newington, Va., 
Annapolis, Md., 
Somerset Co., Md., 
Elizabeth town. N. J, 



Oct. 19, 1735 
Sept. 27, 1722 

in Nov. 1729 
Sept. 10, 1736 
Sept. 20, 1737 
April 17, 1741 

Feb. 15, 1726 



Philadelphia, Penna., in 1739 

Newport, R. I.. Dec. 22, 1727 

Suffolk Co., N.T., 

Boston, Mass., 

Marblehead, Mass., 

England, 



-, Conn., 
Braintree, Mass., 
Berkeley, Va., 
Hopewell, N. J., 
St. Luke's, S. C, 
Kingston, N. J., 
Boston, Mass., 
Scituate, 



Dec. 17, 1734 
Jan. 17, 1706 
July 17, 1744 
in 1732 
in 1731 
in 1737 



about 1715 

in 1746 

in 1730 

June 17, 1742 

March 7, 1707 



Philadelphia, Penna., in 1737 
Windham, Conn., July 3, 1732 

Shad well, Va., " 



Stratford, 
Stratford, " 
Landaff, Wales, 
Albany, N. Y., 
St. George's, S. C 
Chester Co., Pa., 
Middleton Place, S. C, 
Morrisania, N.Y., 
Lancashire, Eng., 
Ridley, Penna., 
York, Va., 
Wye-Hill, Md., 
Boston, Mass., 
Caroline Co., Va., 
Cecil Co., Md., 
Dover, Del., 
New Castle, Del., 
Byberrj', Penna., 
Charleston, S.C, 
Newton, Mass., 

, Ireland, 



April 13, 1743 

Oct. 14, 1734 

Jan. 20, 1732 

in March, 1713 

Jan. 15, 1716 

Aug. 5, 1749 

March 19, 1734 

in 1743 

in 1726 

Jan. 1733-4 

in 1724 

Deo. 26, 1738 

Oct. 31, 1740 

in 1731 

May 17, 1741 

in 1734 

in 1730 

in 1730 

Dec. 24, 1745 

in Nov. 1749 

April 19, 1721 



Princeton, N. J., 
Charles Co., Md., 

, Ireland, 

, Ireland. 



Frederick Co., Va., 
Kittery, Maine, 
Lebanon, Conn., 
Scotland, 
Yester, Scotland, 
Windsor, Conn., 
Elizabeth City Co., Va., 




DELEGATED FROM 



Massachusetts.... 
Massachusetts.... 
New Hampshire.. 

Virginia 

Maryland 

Maryland 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

R.I.andProv.Pl. 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

Massachusetts .... 

Georgia 

Georgia 

Massachusetts .... 

Virginia 

New Jersey 

South Carolina... 
North Carolina... 
North Carolina... 
R.I.andProv.Pl 

New Jersey 

Connecticut 

Virginia 

Virginia 

Virginia 

New York 

New York 

South Carolina... 

Delaware 

South Carolina.., 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

Pennsylvania , 

Virginia 

Maryland 

Massachusetts.... 
North Carolina... 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Pennsylvania 

Pennsylvania 

South Carolina... 

Connecticut 

Pennsylvania 

New Jersey 

Maryland 

Pennsylvania 

New Hampshire. 

Georgia 

New Hampshire. 

Connecticut 

Pennsylvania 

New Jei-sey 

Connecticut , 

Virginia , 



July 4, 1826 
October 2, 1803 
May 19, 1795 
October 10, 1797 
Novem.14, 18:-i2 
June 19, 1811 
September, 1794 
January 23, 1813 
Feb'y 15, 1820 
August 4, 1821 
April 17, 1790 
Novem. 23, 1814 
May 27, 1777 
February, 1790 
Octobers, 1793 
April, 1791 

, 1780 

March, 1809 
Novem. 10, 1779 
October, 1790 
July 13, 1785 
May 9, 1790 

January 5, 1796 
July 4, 1826 
April, 1797 

June 19, 1794 
Decern. 30, 
June 12, 
Lost at sea, 1779 
Juno 24, 1817 
January 1, 1787 
January 22,1798 
May 8, ].''06 

April, 1777 

January 4, 1789 

, 1799 

May 11, 1804 
October 26, 1809 

, 1798 

, 1783 

July, 1779 

April 19, 1813 
January 23, 1800 
July 23, 1793 
July 11, 1806 
Feb'y 28, 1781 
October 5, 1 787 
Feb'y 23, 1781 
June 24, 1803 
Feb'y 2, 1805 
Novem. 28, 1785 
August 2, 1811 
August 28, 1798 
Novem. 15, 1794 
December 1,1797 
June 8, 1806 



1803 
1778 



Appendix. 



101 



MEMBERS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, 

FROM 1774 TO 1788. 



New Hampshire. 

FROM TO 

Bartlett, Josiah 1775, '79 

Blanchard, Jonathan 1783, '84 

Folsom, Nathaniel 1774, '75 

1777, '78 

1779, '80 

Foster, Abiel 1783, '85 

Frost, George 1777, '79 

Gilman, John Taylor 1782, '83 

Oilman, Nicholas 1786, '88 

Langdon, John 1775, '77 

" 1786, '87 

Langdon, Woodbury 1779, '80 

Livermore, Samuel 1780, '83 

" 1785, '86 

Long, Pierce 1784, '86 

Peabody, Nathaniel 1779, '80 

Sullivan, John 1774, '75 

" 1780, '81 

Thornton, Matthew 1776, '78 

Wentworth, .John, Jr 1778, '79 

Whipple, William 1776, '79 

White, Phillips 1782, '83 

Wingate, Paine 1787, '88 

Massachusetts. 

Adams, John 1774, '78 

Adams, Samuel 1774, '82 

Gushing, Thomas 1774, '76 

Dana, Francis 1776, '78 

" 1784, '84 

Dane, Nathan 1785, '88 

Gerry, Elbridge 1776, '81 

1782, '85 



FROM 

Gorham, Nathaniel 1782, 

1785, 

Hancock, John 1775, 

" 1785, 

Higginson, Stephen 1782, 

Holten, Samuel 1778, 

" 1782, 

" 1784, 

«' " 1786, 

Jackson, Jonathan 1782, 

King, Rufus 1784, 

Lovell, James 1776, 

Lowell, John 1782, 

Osgood, Samuel 1780, 

Otis, Samuel A 1787, 

Paine, Robert Treat 1774, 

Partridge, George 1779, 

" 1783, 

Sedgwick, Theodore 1785, 

Sullivan, James 1782, 

Thacher, George 1787, 

Ward, Artemas 1780, 

Rhode Island. 

Arnold, Jonathan 1782, 

Arnold, Peleg 1787, 

Collins, John 1778, 

Cornell, Ezekiel 1780, 

Ellery, William 1776, 

" 1783, 

Hazard, Jonathan 1787, 

Hopkins, Stephen 1774, 

" 1778, 

Howell, David 1782, 



'87 
'80 
'86 
'83 
'80 
'83 
'85 
'87 
'82 
'87 
'82 
'83 
'84 
'88 
'78 
'82 
'85 
'88 
'82 
'88 
'81 



'84 
'88 
'83 
'83 
'80 
'85 
'88 
'77 

'85 



102 



Appendix. 



FROM TO 

Manning, 1785, '86 

Marchant, Henry 1777, '80 

" 1783, '84 

Miller, Nathan 1785, '86 

Mowry, 1781, '81 

Varnum, James M 1780, '82 

1786, '87 

Ward, Samuel 1774, '76 

Connecticut. 

Adams, Andrew 1777, '80 

'< 1781, '82 

Cook, Joseph P 1784, '88 

Deane, Silas 1774, '76 

Dyer, Eliphalet 1774, '79 

1780, '83 

Edwards, Pierpont 1787, '88 

Ellsworth, Oliver 1777, '84 

Hillhouse, William 1783, '86 

Hosmer, Titus 1775, '76 

'< 1777, '79 

Huntington, Benjamin 1780, '84 

1787, '88 

Huntington, Samuel 1776, '84 

Johnson, William S 1784, '87 

Law, Richard 1777, '78 

" 1781, '84 

Mitchell, Stephen M 1783, '84 

« 1785, '86 

1787, '88 

Eoot, Jesse 1778, '83 

Sherman, Roger 1774, '84 

Spencer, Joseph 1778, '79 

Strong, Jedediah 1782, '84 

Sturges, Jonathan 1785, '87 

Treadwell, John 1785, '86 

Trumbull, Joseph 1774, '75 

Wadsworth, James 1783, '84 

" 1785, '86 

Wadsworth, Jeremiah 1787, '88 

Williams, William 1776, '78 

" 1783, '84 

Wolcott, Oliver 1775, '78 

" 1780, '84 

New York. 

Alsop, John 1774, '76 

Benson, Egbert 1784, '85 

" " 1786, '88 



FROM 

Boerum, Simon 1774, 

Clinton, George 1775, 

De Witt, Charles 1783, 

Duane, James 1774, 

Duer, William 1777, 

Floyd, William 1774, 

" 1778, 

Gansevoort, Leonard 1787, 

Hamilton, Alexander 1782, 

1787, 

Haring, John 1774, 

" 1785, 

Jay, John 1774, 

<' 1778, 

Lansing, John 1784, 

Lawrance, John 1785, 

Lewis, Francis 1777, 

Livingston, Philip 1774, 

Livingston, Robert R 1775, 

1779, 

Livingston, Walter 1784, 

Low, Isaac 1774, 

L'Hommedieu, Ezra 1779, 

" 1787, 

Morris, Gouverneur 1777, 

Morris, Lewis.. 1775, 

McDougall, Alexander 1781, 

1784, 

Paine, Ephraim 1784, 

Piatt, Zephaniah 1784, 

Schuyler, Philip 1775, 

" 1778, 

Scott, John Morin 1780, 

Smith, Melancthon 1785, 

Wisner, Henry 1774, 

Yates, Abraham, Jr 1787, 

Yates, Peter W 1785, 

New Jersey. 

Beatty, John , 1783, 

Boudinot, Elias 1777, 

" " 1781, 

Burnett, W 1780, 

Cadwallader, Lambert 1784, 

Clark, Abraham 1776, 

1787, 

Condict, Silas 1781, 

Cooper, John 1776, 

Crane, Stephen 1774, 



'77 
'77 
'85 
'84 
'78 
'77 
'83 
'88 
'83 
'88 
'75 
'88 
'77 
'79 
'88 
'87 
'79 
'78 
'77 
'81 
'85 
'75 



'80 
'77 
'82 
'85 
'85 
'86 
'75 
'81 



'76 



'85 
'78 
'84 
'81 
'87 
'82 
'88 
'84 
'76 
'76 



Appendix. 



103 



FROM 

Dayton, Elias.. 1787, 

De Hart, John 1774, 

Dick, Samuel 1783, 

Elmer, Jonathan 1776, 

1781, 

1787, 

Fell, John 1778, 

Frelinghuysen, Frederick 1778, 

1782, 

Henderson, Thomas 1779, 

Hopkinson, Francis 1776, 

Hornblower, Josiah 1785, 

Houston, William C 1779, 

1784, 

Kinsey, James 1774, 

Livingston, William 1774, 

Neilson, John 1778, 

Scheurman, J 1786, 

Scudder, Nathaniel 1777, 

Sergeant, Jonathan D 1776, 

Smith, Richard 1774, 

Stewart, 1784, 

Stockton, Richard 1776, 

Symmes, John C 1785, 

Witherspoon, John 1776, 

Pennsylvania. 

Allen, Andrew 1775, 

Armstrong, John 1778, 

" 1787, 

Atlee, Samuel 1778, 

Bayard, John 1785, 

Biddle, Edward 1774, 

" 1778, 

Bingham, William 1787, 

Clarkson, Matthew 1785, 

Clingan, William 1777, 

Clymer, George 1776, 

" 1780, 

Dickinson, John 1774, 

Fitzsimmons, Thomas 1782, 

Franklin, Benjamin 1775, 

Galloway, Joseph 1774, 

Gardner, Joseph 1784, 

Hand, 1784, 

Henry, William 1784, 

Humphreys, Charles 1774, 

Ingersoll, Jared 1780, 

Irwine, 1786, 



'76 
'84 



'84 



'79 
'83 
'80 
'77 
'86 
'82 
'85 
'75 
'76 
'79 
'87 
'79 
'77 
'76 
'85 
'77 
'86 



'76 
'80 



'87 
'76 
'79 



'79 
'78 
'83 
'76 
'83 
'76 
'75 
'85 
'85 
'86 
'76 
'81 
'88 



FROM TO 

Jackson, David 1785, '86 

Matlack, Timothy 1780, '81 

McClene, James 1778, '80 

Meredith, 1787, '88 

Mifflin, Thomas 1774, '76 

" 1782, '84 

Morris, Charles 1783, '84 

Morris, Robert 1776, '78 

Montgomery, John 1780, '84 

Morton, John 1774, '77 

Muhlenberg, Frederick A 1778, '80 

Peters, Richard 1782, '83 

Pettit, Charles 1785, '87 

Read, 1787, '88 

Reed, Joseph 1777, '78 

Rhodes, Samuel 1774, '75 

Roberdeau, Daniel 1777, '79 

Ross, George 1774, '77 

Rush, Benjamin 1776, '77 

Searle, James 1778, '80 

Shippen, William 1778, '80 

Smith, James 1776, '78 

Smith, Jonathan B 1777, '78 

Smith, Thomas 1780, '82 

St. Clair, Arthur 1785, '87 

Taylor, George 1776, '77 

Willing, Thomas 1775, '76 

Wilson, James 1775, '78 

" 1782, '83 

" 1785, '87 

Wynkoop, Henry 1779, '83 

Delaware. 

Bedford, Gunning 1783, '85 

1786, '87 

Bedford, Gunning, Jr 1785, '86 

Dickinson, John 1776, '77 

" 1779, '80 

Dickinson, Philemon 1782, '83 

Evans, John 1776, '77 

Kearney, Dyre 1786, '88 

McComb.Eleazer 1782, '84 

Mitchell, Nathaniel 1786, '88 

*McKean, Thomas 1774, '76 

" " 1778, '83 

Patton, John 1785, '86 

Peery, William 1785, '86 

Read, George 1774, '77 

Rodney, Caesar 1774, '76 



104 



Appendix. 



FROM 

Rodney, Csesar 1777, 

" " 1783, 

Rodney, Thomas 1781, 

" 1785, 

Sykes, James 1777, 

Tilton, James 1783, 

Van Dyke, Nicholas 1777, 

Vining, John 1784, 

Wharton, Samuel 1782, 

Maryland. 

Alexander, Robert. 1775, 

Carmichael, William 1778, 

Carroll, Charles 1776, 

Carroll, Daniel 1780, 

Chase, Jeremiah T 1783, 

Chase, Samuel 1774, 

" 1784, 

Contee, Benjamin 1787, 

Forbes, James 1778, 

Forrest, Uriah 1786, 

Goldsborough, Robert 1774, 

Hall, John 1775, 

" 1783, 

Hanson, John 1781, 

Harrison, William 1785, 

Hemsley, William 1782, 

Henry, John 1778, 

" 1784, 

Hindman, William 1784, 

Howard, John E 1787, 

Jenifer, D., of St. Thomas.... 1778, 

Johnson, Thomas 1775, 

Lee, Thomas Sim 1783, 

Lloyd, Edward 1783, 

Martin, Luther 1784, 

MoHenry, James 1783, 

Paca, William 1774, 

Plater, George 1778, 

Potts, Richard 1781, 

Ramsay, Nathaniel 1785, 

Ridgely, Richard 1785, 

Rogers, John 1775, 

Ross, David 1786, 

Rumsey, Benjamin 1776, 

Scott, Gustavus , 1784, 

Seney, Joshua 1787, 

Smith, William 1777, 

Stone, Thomas 1775, 



'78 
'84 
'83 
'87 
'78 
'85 
'82 
'86 
'83 



'77 
'80 
'78 
'84 
'84 
'78 
'85 
'88 
'80 
'87 
'75 
'76 
'84 
'83 
'87 
'84 
'81 
'87 
'87 
'88 
'82 
'77 
'84 
'84 
'85 
'86 
'79 
'81 
'82 
'87 
'86 
'76 
'87 
'78 
'85 
'88 
'78 
'79 



Stone, Thomas 1784, '85 

Tilghman, Matthew 1774, '77 

Wright, Turbett 178lj '82 

Virginia. 

Adams, Thomas 1778, 

Banister, John 1778, 

Bland, Richard 1774, 

Bland, Theodorick 1780, 

Braxton, Carter 1776, 

Brown, John 1787, 

Carrington, Edward 1785, 

Fitzhugh, 1779, 

Fleming, William 1779, 

Grayson, William 1784, 

Griffin, Cyrus 1778, 

" 1787, 

Hardy, Samuel 1783, 

Harrison, Benjamin 1774, 

Harvie, John.... 1778, 

Henry, James 1780, 

Henry, Patrick 1774, 

Jefferson, Thomas 1775, 

" 1783, 

Jones, Joseph 1777, 

" 1780, 

Lee, Arthur 1781, 

Lee, Francis Lightfoot 1775, 

Lee, Henry 1785, 

Lee, Ptichard Henry 1774, 

" «' 1784, 

Madison, James, Jr 1780, 

1786, 

Mercer, James 1779, 

Mercer, John F 1782, 

Monroe, James 1783, 

Nelson, Thomas 1775, 

" 1779, 

Page, Mann 1777, 

Pendleton, Edmund 1774, 

Randolph, Edmund 1779, 

Randolph, Peyton 1774, 

Smith, Merewether 1778, 

Washington, George 1774, 

Wythe, George. 1775, 

North Carolina. 

Ashe, John B 1787, '88 

Bloodworth, Timothy 1786, '87 



Appendix. 



105 



FROM 

Blount, William 1782, 

" " 1786, 

Burk*e, Thomas 1777, 

Burton, Robert 1787, 

Caswell, Richard 1774, 

Gumming, William 1784, 

Harnett, Cornelius 1777, 

Hawkins, Benjamin 1781, 

«« " 1786, 

Hewes, Joseph 1774, 

«' " 1779, 

Hill, Whitmill 1778, 

Hooper, William 1774, 

Johnston, Samuel 1780, 

Jones, Allen 1779, 

Jones, Willie 1780, 

Nash, Abner 1782, 

" 1785, 

Penn, John 1775, 

«« 1777, 

Sitgreaves, John 1784, 

Sharpe, William 1779, 

Spaight, Richard D 1783, 

Swan, John 1787, 

Williams, John 1778, 

Williamson, Hugh 1782, 

" «« 1787, 

White, Alexander 1786, 

South Carolina. 

Bee, Thomas 1780, 

Beresford, Richard 1783, 

Bull, John 1784, 

Butler, Pierce 1787, 

Drayton, William Henry 1778, 

Eveleigh, Nicholas 1781, 

Gadsden, Christopher 1774, 

Gervais, John L 1782, 

Heyward, Thomas, Jr 1776, 

Huger, Daniel 1786, 

Hutson, Richard 1778, 

Izard, Ralph 1782, 

Kean, John 1785, 

Kinloch, Francis 1780, 



'83 
'87 
'81 
'88 
'76 
'84 
'80 
'84 
'87 
'77 
'8.0 
'81 
'77 
'82 
'80 
'81 
'84 
'86 
'76 
'80 
'85 
'82 
'85 
'88 
'79 
'85 
'88 



'82 
'85 
'87 
'88 
'79 
'82 
'76 
'83 
'78 
'88 
'79 
'83 
'87 
'81 



FROM 

Laurens, Henry 1777, 

Lynch, Thomas 1774, 

Lynch, Thomas, Jr 1776, 

Matthews, John 1778, 

Middleton, Arthur 1776, 

" 1781, 

Middleton, Henry 1774, 

Motte, Isaac 1780, 

Parker, John 1786, 

Pinckney, Charles 1777, 

<' '« 1784, 

Ramsay, David 1782, 

'« 1785, 

Read, Jacob 1783, 

Rutledge, Edward 1774, 

Rutledge, John 1774, 

" 1782, 

Trapier, Paul ., 1777, 

Tucker, Thomas T 1787, 

Geokgia. 

Baldwin, Abraham 1785, 

Brownson, Nathan 1776, 

Bullock, Archibald 1775, 

Clay, Joseph 1778, 

Few, William 1780, 

" 1785, 

Gibbons, William 1784, 

Gwinnett, Button 1776, 

Habersham, John 1785, 

Hall, Lyman 1775, 

Houston, John 1775, 

Houston, William 1784, 

Howley, Richard 1780, 

Jones, Noble Wimberly 1775, 

1781, 

Langworthy, Edward 1777, 

Pierce, W 1786, 

Telfair, Edward 1777, 

" 1780, 

Walton, George 1776, 

" 1780, 

Wood, Joseph 1777, 

Zubly, John J 1775, 



'80 
'76 

'77 
'82 
'78 
'83 
'76 
'89 



'87 
'84 
'86 
'85 
'77 
'77 
'83 



'78 
'76 
'80 
'82 
'88 
'86 
'77 
'86 
'79 
'77 
'87 
'81 
'76 
'83 
'79 
'87 
'79 
'83 
'79 
'81 
'79 
'70 



106 Appendix. 



PRESIDENTS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, 

FROM 1174 TO 1788. 

FROM ELECTED. 

Peyton Randolph.. Virginia September 5, 1774. 

Henry Middleton South Carolina October 22, 1774. 

Peyton Randolph.. Virginia May 10, 1775. 

John Hancock Massachusetts May 24, 1775. 

Henry Laurens... South Carolina November 1, 1777. 

JohnJay New York ., December 10, 1778. 

Samuel Huntington..... Connecticut September 28, 1779. 

Thomas McKean Delaware July 10, 1781. 

^'^ John Hanson Maryland November 5, 1781. 

Elias Boudinot New Jersey.. November 4, 1782. 

Thomas Mifflin Pennsylvania November 3, 1783. 

Richard Henry Lee Virginia November 30, 1784, 

Nathaniel Gorham...... Massachusetts June 6, 1786. 

Arthur St. Clair Pennsylvania.. February 2, 1787. 

Cyrus Griffin Virginia January 22, 1788. 



SESSIONS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. 

The sessions of the Continental Congress were commenced as follows : — 
September 5, 1774, also May 10, 1775, at Philadelphia; December 20, 1776, 
at Baltimore ; March 4, 1777, at Philadelphia ; September 27, 1777, at Lan- 
caster, Pennsylvania; September 30, 1777, at York, Pennsylvania; July 2, 1778, 
at Philadelphia ; June 30, 1783, at Princeton, New Jersey; November 26, 1783, 
B,t Annapolis, M.a,rj\a.nd; November 1, 1784, at Trenton, New Jersey; Janu- 
ary 11, 1785, at New York, which, from that time, continued to be the place of 
meeting until the adoption of the Constitution of the United States. From 1781 
to 1788, Congress met annually on the first Monday in November, pursuant to 
the articles of confederation. 



CONSTITUTION 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect 
Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the 
common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the bless- 
ings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish 
this Constitution for the United States of America. 

AKTICLE I. 

Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Con- 
gress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Ee- 
presentatives. 

Sect. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen 
every second year by the people of the several States, and the electors in each 
State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous 
branch of the State Legislature. 

No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age 
of twenty-iive years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and 
who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be 
chosen. 

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several 
States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective 
numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free per 
sons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding In- 
dians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall 

(107) 



108 Appendix. 

be made within three years after the iirst meeting of the Congress of the United 
States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they 
shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for 
every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative ; 
and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be 
entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence 
Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylva- 
nia eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Yirginia ten. North CaroUna five. South 
Carolina five, and Georgia three. 

When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the Executive 
authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. 

The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers ; 
and shall have the sole power of impeachment. 

Sect. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators 
from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six years; and each 
Senator shall have one vote. 

Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, 
they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the 
Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, 
of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class 
at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second 
year ; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of 
the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary ap- 
pointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such 
vacancies. 

No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty 
years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, 
when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. 

The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but 
shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. 

The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, 
in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of 
President of the United States. 

The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting 
for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of 
the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside : and no person shall 
be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. 

Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal 
from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or 
profit under the United States : but the party convicted shall nevertheless be 



Appendix. 109 

liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to 
law. 

Sect. 4. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and 
Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; 
but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except 
as to the places of choosing Senators. 

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting 
shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a 
dififerent day. 

Sect. 5. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifi- 
cations of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to 
do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be 
authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and 
under such penalties as each House may provide. 

Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members 
for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a 
member. 

Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time 
publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require se- 
crecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question 
shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. 

Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of 
the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in 
which the two Houses shall be sitting. 

Sect. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for 
their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the 
United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the 
peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their 
respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any 
speech or debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other 
place. 

No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, 
be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which 
shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased 
during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States, 
shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office. 

Sect. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Repre- 
sentatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other 
bills. 

Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the 



110 Appendix. 

Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the 
United States ; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with 
his objections, to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter 
the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after 
such reconsideration two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it 
shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall 
likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall 
become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be deter- 
mined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against 
the bill shall be entered on the journal of each House respectively. If any bill 
shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted,) after 
it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as 
if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return, 
in which case it shall not be a law. 

Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the Senate and 
House of Eepresentatives may be necessary, (except on a question of adjourn- 
ment,) shall be presented to the President of the United States ; and before the 
same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, 
shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Eepresentatives, 
according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. 

Sect. 8. The Congress shall have power 

To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the debts and 
provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States ; but 
all duties, imposts, and excises, shall be uniform throughout the United States; 

To borrow money on the credit of the United States ; 

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, 
and with the Indian tribes ; 

To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the sub- 
ject of bankruptcies throughout the United States ; 

To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the 
standard of weights and measures ; 

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current 
coin of the United States ; 

To establish post-offices and post-roads ; 

To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited 
times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings 
and discoveries ; 

To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ; 

To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and 
offences against the law of nations ; 



Appendix. Ill 

To declare war, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make rules con- 
cerning captures on land and water; 

To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall 
be for a longer term than two years ; 

To provide and maintain a navy ; 

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval 
forces ; 

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, sup- 
press insurrections, and repel invasions ; 

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for govern- 
ing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, 
reserving to the States respectively the appointment of the officers, and the au- 
thority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; 

To exercise exclusive legislation iu all cases whatsoever, over such district 
(not exceeding ten miles square,) as may, by cession of particular States, and 
the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the Government of the United 
States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent 
of the Legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of 
forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings; and 

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into exe- 
cution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in 
the Government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. 

Sect. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States 
now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress 
prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may 
be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. 

The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless 
when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. 

No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. 

No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the 
census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. 

No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State. 

No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the 
ports of one State over those of another ; nor shall vessels bound to or from one 
State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. 

No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of appropria- 
tions made by law ; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and 
expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. 

No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States ; and no person 
holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of 



112 Appendix. 

the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind 
whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State. 

Sect'. 10. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation ; grant 
Letters of Marque and Reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of credit ; make any- 
thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of 
attainder, ex fost facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or 
grant any title of nobility. 

No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties 
on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing 
its inspection laws ; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any 
State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United 
States ; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the 
Congress. 

No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, 
keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or com- 
pact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless ac- 
tually invaded, or in such imminent danger, as will not admit of delay. 



ARTICLE IL 

Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United 
States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, 
together with the Yice-President, chosen for the same term, be elected, as fol- 
lows : — 

Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may 
direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Re- 
presentatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress ; but no Se- 
nator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the 
United States, shall be appointed an Elector. 

[* The Electoi's shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for two 
persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with 
themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the num- 
ber of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to 
the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the 
Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House 
of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. 
The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such num- 
ber be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if there be more 



* This clause within brackets has been superseded and annulled by the 12th amendment, on page 124. 



Appendix. 313 

tlian one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House 
of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President; and 
if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House 
shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the votes 
shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quo- 
rum for this purpose shall ciansist of a member or members from two-thirds of the 
States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, 
after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of votes of 
the Electors shall be the Vice-President, But if there should remain two or more 
who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-Presi- 
dent.] 

The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and the day 
on which they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same throughout 
the United States. 

No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at 
the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the oiBce of 
President ; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have 
attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within 
the United States. 

In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resigna- 
tion, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same 
shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress may by law provide for 
the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and 
Vice-President, declaring what officer ^shall then act as President, and such 
officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall 
be elected. 

The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation, 
which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he 
shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other 
emolument from the United States, or any of them. 

Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath 
or affirmation : — 

" / do solemnly sivear {or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the offi.ce of 
President of the United States, and ivill, to the best of my ability, preserve, 
protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." 

Sect. 2. The President shall be Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy 
of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into 
the actual service of the United States ; he may require the opinion, in writing. 
of the principal officer in each of the Executive Departments, upon any subject 
relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant 



114 Appendix. 

reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of 
impeachnient. 

He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to 
make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall 
nominate, and by and with the advice and consent 5f the Senate, shall appoint 
Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court, 
and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein 
otherwise provided for, and which shallbe established bylaw; but the Congress 
may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, 
in the President alone, in the Courts of law, or in the heads of Departments. 

The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen 
during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at 
the end of their next session. 

Sect. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the 
state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he 
shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, con- 
vene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, 
with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as 
he shall think proper ; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Minis- 
ters ; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commis- 
sion all the officers of the United States. 

Sect. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United 
States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, trea- 
son, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 

AETICLE in. 

Section 1. The Judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one 
Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to 
time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, 
shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive 
for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their 
continuance in office. 

Sect. 2. The Judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, aris- 
ing under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or 
which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases affecting Ambassadors, 
other public Ministers, and Consuls ; to all cases of admiralty and maritime 
jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party ; to 
controversies between two or more States; between a State and citizens of an- 



Appendix. 515 

other State; between citizens of different States ; between citizens of the same 
State claiming lands under grants of different States ; and between a State, or 
the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects. 

In all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers, and Consuls, and 
those in which a State shall be party, the Supreme Court shall have original 
jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall 
have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and 
under such regulations as the Congress shall make. 

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and 
such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been com- 
mitted; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such 
place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. 

Sect. 3. Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying war 
against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No 
person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to 
the same overt act, or on confession in open court. 

The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no 
attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during 
the life of the person attainted. 

ARTICLE IV. 

Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, 
records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may 
by general laws pi'escribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceed- 
ings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. 

Sect. 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and im- 
munities of citizens in the several States. 

A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall 
flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall on demand of the Execu- 
tive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to 
the State having jui-isdiction of the crime. 

No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escap- 
ing into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be dis- 
charged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the 
party to whom such service or labor may be due. 

Sect. 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but 
no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other 
State ; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts 



116 Appendix. 

of states, without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as 
well as of the Congress. 

The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and 
regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United 
States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice 
any claims of the United States, or of any particular State. 

Sect. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a re- 
publican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion ; 
and on application of the Legislature, or of the Executive, (when the Legisla- 
ture cannot be convened,) against domestic violence. 

AETICLE V. 

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, 
shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the 
Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for pro- 
posing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and pur- 
poses, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three- 
fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the 
one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress ; Pro- 
vided, that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand 
eight hundred and eight, shall in any manner aSect the first and fourth clauses 
in the ninth section of the first Article ; and that no State, without its consent, 
shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. 

ARTICLE YI. 

All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this 
Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, 
as under the Confederation. 

This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in 
pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under tlje 
authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land ; and the 
Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or 
laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. 

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the 
several State Legislatures, and all Executive and Judicial officers, both of the 
United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation^ 
to support this Constitution ; but no religious test shall ever be required as a 
qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. 



Appendix. 



117 



ARTICLE VII. 

The ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the 
establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same. 

Done in Convention by the unanimous consent of the States present, the 
seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven 
hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of 
America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our 

names, 

George Washington, 
President and Deputy from Virginia. 



John Langdon, 
Nathaniel Gorham, 
William S. Johnson, 

Alexander Hamilton. 

William Livingston, 
William Paterson, 

Benjamin Franklin, 
Robert Morris, 
Thomas Fitzsimmons, 
James Wilson, 

George Read, 
John Dickinson, 
Jaco. Broom, 

James McHenry, 
Daniel Carroll, 

John Blair, 



New Hampshire. 

Nicholas Gilman. 

Massachusetts. 

Rufus King. 



Connecticut. 

New Yokk. 
New Jersey^ 

Pennsylvania. 



Roarer Sherman. 



Delaware. 



Maryland. 



Virginia. 



David Brearley, 
Jonathan Dayton. 

Thomas Mifflin, - 
George Clymer, 
Jared IngersoU, 
Gouverneur Morris. 

Gunning Bedford, Jr. 
Richard Bassett. 



Daniel Jenifer, of St. Thomas. 



James Madison, Jr. 



118 



Appendix. 



William Blount, 
Hugh Williamson, 

J. Rutledge, 
Charles Pinckney, 

William Few, 

Attest : 



North Cakolina. 

Eichard D. Spaight. 

South Carolina. 

Charles C. Pinckney, 
Pierce Butler. 



Geoiigia. 



Abraham Baldwin. 

William Jackson, Secretary. 



STATE RATIFICATIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION. 

The Constititution was adopted September 17, 1787, by the Convention ap- 
pointed in pursuance of the resolution of the Congress of the Confederation of 
February 21, 1787, and was ratified by the Conventions of the several States as 
follows, viz. : — 

By Convention of Delaware . December 7, 1787. 

" Pennsylvania December 12, 1787. 

" New Jersey ........ December 18, 1787. 

" Georgia January 2, 1788. 

" Connecticut January 9, 1788. 

" " Massachusetts February 6, 1788. 

Maryland April 28, 1788. 

South Carolina May 23, 1788. 

" New Hampshire June 21, 1788. 

" Virginia June 26, 1788. 

New York July 26, 1788. 

" North Carolina November 21, 1789. 

Ehode Island May 29, 1790. 



ARTICLES 

• IN ADDITION TO, AND AMENDMENT OF, 

THE CONSTITUTION 

OF THE 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 

PROPOSED BY CONGRESS, AND RATIFIED BY THE LEGISLATURES "OF THE SEVERAL 
STATES, PURSUANT TO THE FIFTH ARTICLE OF THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION. 



ARTICLE I. 



Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or pro- 
hibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the 
press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the 
Government for a redress of grievances. 

ARTICLE II. 

A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the 
right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 

ARTICLE III. 

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the con- 
sent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. 

ARTICLE IV. 

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and 
effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no 
warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, 
and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things 
to be seized. 

(119) 



120 Appendix. 



AETICLE Y. 

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, 
unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising 
in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of 
war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to 
be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb j nor shall be compelled in any criminal 
case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, 
without due process of law ; nor shall private property be taken for public use, 
without just compensation. 

^ ARTICLE VI. 

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and 
public trial, by &n impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime 
shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained 
by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be con- 
fronted with the witnesses against him ; to have compulsory process for obtain- 
ing witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence. 

ARTICLE VII. 

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty 
dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury 
shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than accord- 
ing to the rules of the common law. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel 
and unusual punishments inflicted. 

ARTICLE IX. 

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed 
to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 

ARTICLE X. 

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor pro- 
hibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the 
people. 



Appendix. 121 

ARTICLE XI. 

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to 
any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United 
States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign 
State. 

ARTICLE XIL 

The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for Pre- 
sident and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of 
the same State with themselves ; they shall name in their ballots the person 
voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice- 
President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as Presi- 
dent, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes 
for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat 
of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. 
The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Re- 
presentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted ; the 
person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and 
if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest num- 
bers, not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House 
of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in 
choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation 
from each State having one vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a 
member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the 
States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives 
shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon 
them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President 
shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional dis- 
ability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as 
Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the 
whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then 
from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice- 
President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole 
number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to 
a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President 
shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. 



122 Appendix. 



THE FOLLOWING IS PREFIXED TO THE FIRST TEN* OF THE PRE- 
CEDING AMENDMENTS. 

CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, 

BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITT OF NEW YORK, ON WEDNESDAY, THE FOURTH OF 
MARCH, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-NINE. 

The Conventions of a number of the States having, at the time of their adopt- 
ing the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or 
abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be 
added; and as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government 
will best insure the beneficent ends of its institution, — 

Resolved, hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of 
America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That 
the following articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as 
amendments to the Constitution of the United States, all, or any of which articles, 
when ratified by three-fourths of the said Legislature, to be valid to all intents 
and purposes, as part of the said Constitution, viz. : — 

Articles in addition to, and amendment of, the Constitution of the United 
States of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by the Ijegislatures of 
the several States pursuant to the fifth Article of the original Constitution. 



* It may be proper here to state that twelve articles of amendment were proposed 
by the First Congress, of which but ten were ratified by the States — the first and 
second in order not having been ratified by the requisite number of States. 

These two were as follows: — 

Article First. — After the first enumeration required by the first Article of the Con- 
stitution, there shall be one Representative for every thirty thousand, until the 
number shall amount to one hundred, after which, the proportion shall be so regu-' 
lated by Congress, that there shall not be less than one hundred Representatives, 
nor less than one Representative for every forty thousand persons, until the number 
of Representatives shall amount to two hundred, after which the proportion shall be 
so regulated by Congress that there shall not be less than two hundred Representa- 
tives, nor more than one Representative for every fifty thousand persons. 

Article Second. — No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators 
and Representatives, shall take effect until an election of Representatives shall have 
intervened. 



Appendix. 123 

The first ten amendments of the Constitution were ratified by the States as 
follows, viz. : — 

By New Jersey November 20, 1789. 

" Maryland December 19, 1789. 

" North Carolina December 22, 1789. 

" South Carolina January 19, 1790. 

" New Hampshire January 25, 1790. 

" Delaware January 28, 1790. 

" Pennsylvania March 10, 1790. 

" New York March 27,1790. 

" Rhode Island June 15,1790. 

" Vermont November 3, 1791. 

" Virginia December 15, 1791. 



THE FOLLOWING IS PREFIXED TO THE ELEVENTH OF THE PRE- 
CEDING AMENDMENTS. 

THIRD CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STA.TES, 

AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, IN THE 
STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA, ON MONDAY, THE SECOND OF DECEMBER, ONE THOUSAND 
SEVEN HUNDRED AND NINETY-THREE. 

Resolved, hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of 
America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring. That 
the following article be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States as an 
amendment to the Constitution of the United States ; which, when ratified by 
three-fourths of the said Legislatures shall be valid as part of the said Constitu- 
tion, viz. : — 



124 Appendix. 



THE FOLLOWING IS PREFIXED TO THE TWELFTH OF THE PRE- 
CEDING AMENDMENTS. 

EIGHTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, 

AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, IN THE 
TEimiTOIlT OF COLUMBIA, ON MONDAY, THE SEVENTEENTH OF OCTOBER, ONE THOU- 
SAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND THREE. 

Resolved, hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of 
America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That 
in lieu of the third paragraph of the first section of the second Article of the 
Constitution of the United States, the following be proposed as an amendment 
to the Constitution of the United States ; which, when ratified by three-fourths 
of the Legislatures of the several States, shall be valid to all intents and pur- 
poses, as part of the said Constitution, to wit : — 

The ten first of the preceding amendments were proposed at the first session 
of the First Congress of the United States, September 25, 1789, and were finally 
ratified by the constitutional number of States, December 15, 1791. The eleventh 
amendment was proposed at the first session of the Third Congress, March 5, 
1794, and was declared, in a message from the President of the United States to 
both houses of Congress, dated January 8, 1798, to have been adopted by the 
constitutional number of States. The twelfth amendment was proposed at the 
first session of the Eighth Congress, December 12, 1803, and was adopted by the 
constitutional number of States in 1804, according to a public notice thereof by 
the Secretary of State, dated September 25 of the same year. 



ORGANIZATION OF THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS. 



STATE DEPARTMENT. 

The number of persons employed in the Department of State of the United 
States, is seventeen, as follows : One Secretary of State, one Assistant Secretary 
of State, one Chief Clerk, twelve Clerks, one Translator, and one Librarian. 

DIPLOMATIC BRANCH. 

This branch of the State Department has charge of all correspondence be- 
tween the Department and other diplomatic agents of the United States abroad, 
and those of foreign powers accredited to this Government. In it all diplomatic 
instructions sent from the Department, and communications to Commissioners 
under treaties of boundaries, etc., are prepared, copied, and recorded; and all of 
like character received are registered and filed, their contents being first entered 
in an analytic table or index. 

COXSULAR BRANCH. 

This branch has charge of the correspondence, etc., between the Department 
and the Consuls and Commercial Agents of the United States. In it instructions 
to those ofiBcers, and answers to their dispatches and to letters from other per- 
sons asking for consular agency, or relating to consular affairs, are prepared and 
recorded. 

THE DISBURSING AGENT. 

He has charge of all correspondence and other matters connected with ac- 
counts relating to any fund with the disbursement of which the Department is 
charged. 

THE TRANSLATOR. 

His duties are to furnish such translations as the Department may require. 
He also records the commissions of Consuls and Yice-Consuls, when not in 
English, upon which exequaturs are issued. 

CLERK OF APPOINTMENTS AND COMMISSIONS. 

He makes out and records commissions, letters of appointment, and nomina- 
tions to the Senate ; makes out and records exequaturs, and records, when in 
English, the commissions on which they are issued. Has charge of the library. 

(125) 



126 Appendix. 



CLERK OF THE ROLLS AND ARCHIVES. 

He takes charge of the rolls, or enrolled acts and resolutions of Congress, as 
they are received at the Department from the President; prepares the authenti- 
cated copies thereof which are called for ; prepares for, and superintends their 
publication, and that of treaties, in the newspapers and in book form; attends 
to their distribution throughout the United States, and that of all documents and 
publications in regard to which this duty is assigned to the Department ; writing 
and answering all letters connected therewith. Has charge of all Indian treaties, 
and business relating thereto. 

CLERK OF AUTHENTICATIONS AND COPYRIGHTS. 

He has charge of the seals of the United States and of the Department, and 
prepares and attaches certificates to papers presented for authentication ; receives 
and accounts for the fees. Has charge of publications transmitted to the De- 
partment under the laws relating to copyrights ; records and indexes their titles ; 
records all letters from the Department, other than the diplomatic and consular. 

CLERK OF PARDONS AND PASSPORTS. 

He prepares and records pardons and remissions ; and registers and files the 
petitions and papers on which they are founded. Makes out and records pass- 
ports; keeps a daily register of all letters, other than diplomatic and consular, 
received, and of the disposition made of them ; prepares letters relating to this 
business. 



ATTORNEy-GBNERAL'S OFFICE. 

Attorney-General of the United States ; Chief Clerk ; and several Copying 
Clerks. The ordinary business of this office may be classified under the follow- 
ing heads : — 

1. Official opinions on the current business of the Government, as called for 
by the President, by any head of Department, or by the Solicitor of the Trea- 
sury. 

2. Examination of the titles of all land purchased, as the sites of arsenals, 
custom-houses, light-houses, and all other public works of the United States. 

3. Applications for pardons in all cases of conviction in the Courts of the 
United States. 

4. Applications for appointment in all the judicial and legal business of the 
Government. 

5. The conduct and argument of all suits in the Supreme Court of the United 
States in which the Government is concerned. 

6. The supervision of all other suits arising in any of the Departments when 
referred by the head thereof to the Attorney-General. 

To these ordinary heads of the business of the office are added at the present 
time the following, viz. :— 

First. The direction of all appeals on land claims in California. 

Second. The codification and revision of the laws of the District of Columbia. 



Appendix. 127 



INTERIOR DEPARTMENT. 

Secretary of the Department of the Interior. Its clerical force consists of one 
chief clerk; two disbursing clerks; and ten other regular clerks; and to its 
supervision and management are committed the following branches of the public 
service : — 

1st. The Public Lands. — The chief of this bureau is called the Commissioner 
of the General Land-ofiBce. The Land Bureau is charged with the ^rvey, ma- 
nagement, and sale of the public domain, and the issuing of titles therefor, 
whether derived from confirmations of grants made by former governments, by 
sales, donations, of grants for schools, military bounties, or public improvements, 
and likewise the revision of Virginia military bounty-land claims, and the issuing 
of scrip in lieu thereof. The Land-office, also, audits its own accounts. Its 
principal officers are a recorder, chief clerk, principal clerk of surveys, besides a 
draughtsman, assistant draughtsman, and some one hundred and fifty clerks of 
various grades. 

2d. Pensions. — The Commissioner is charged with the examination and adju- 
dication of all claims arising under the various and numerous laws passed by 
Congress granting bounty-land or pensions for the military or naval services in 
the revolutionary and subsequent wars in which the United States have been en- 
gaged. He has one chief clerk, and a permanent corps consisting of some ninety 
other clerks. 

3d. Indians. — Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Is provided with a chief clerk, 
an«l about fifteen other subordinate clerks. 

4th. Patent-office. — To this bureau is committed the execution and per- 
formance of all "acts and things touching and respecting the granting and issuing 
of patents for new and useful discoveries, inventions, and improvements ;" the 
collection of statistics relating to agriculture, the collection and distribution of 
seeds, plants, and cuttings. It has a chief clerk, who is by law the acting Com- 
missioner of Patents in the absence of the Commissioner ; twelve principal, and 
twelve assistant examiners of patents, some dozen subordinate permanent clerks, 
besides a considerable number of temporary employees. 

Besides these four principal branches of this Executive Department, the or- 
ganic act of 1849 transferred to it from the Treasury Department the supervision 
of the accounts of the United States Marshals and Attorneys, and the Clerks of 
the United States Courts, the management of the lead and other mines of the 
United States, and the affairs of the Penitentiary of the United States in the 
District of Columbia ; and from the State Department, the duty of taking and 
returning the Censuses of the United States, and of supervising and directing 
the acts of the Commissioner of Public Buildings. The Hospital for the Insane 
of the Army and Navy and of the District of Columbia is also under the ma- 
nagement of this Department; in addition to which, by laws recently passed, the 
Secretary of the Interior is charged with the construction of the three wagon 
roads leading to the Pacific coast. 

The Department requires an additional building for its accommodation, and 



128 Appendix. 

the erection of one has been repeatedly recommended, during the last few years, 
for that purpose. At present the Pension-office is provided with rooms in what 
is known as "Winden's Building," while the other branches of the Department, 
including the Secretary's office, are all crowded into the Patent-office Building, 
the whole of which will be required at an early day for the use of the Patent- 
office, for which it was originally intended. 



TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 

The Treasury Department consists of the offices of the Secretary of the Trea- 
sury, two comptrollers, commissioner of the customs, six auditors, treasurer, 
register, solicitor, light-house board, and coast survey. 

The following is a brief indication of the duties of these several offices, and 
of the force employed therein, respectively : — 

secretary's office. 
Secretary of the Treasury, assistant secretary, one engineer in charge, one 
architect, and three draughtsmen temporarily employed, and twenty-three clerks. 
The Secretary of the Treasury is charged with the general supervision of the 
fiscal transactions of the Government, and of the execution of the laws concern- 
ing the commerce and navigation of the United States. He superintends the 
survey of the coast, the light-house establishment, the marine hospitals of the 
United States, and the construction of certain public buildings for custom-houses 
and other purposes. 

FIRST comptroller's OFFICE. 

Comptroller and fifteen clerks. He prescribes the mode of keeping and ren- 
dering accounts for the civil and diplomatic service, as well as the public lands; 
and revises and certifies the balances arising thereon. 

SECOND comptroller's OFFICE. 

Comptroller and seventeen clerks. He prescribes the mode of keeping and 
rendering the accounts of the army, navy, and Indian departments of the public 
service, and revises and certifies the balances arising thereon. 

OFFICE OF commissioner OP THE CUSTOMS. 

Commissioner and eleven clerks. He prescribes the mode of keeping and 
rendering the accounts of the customs revenue and disbursements, and for the 
building and repairing custom-houses, etc., and revises and certifies the balances 
arising thereon. 

FIRST auditor's OFFICE. 

First Auditor and nineteen clerks. He receives and adjusts the accounts of 
the customs revenue and disbursements, appropriations and expenditures on 
account of the civil list and under private acts of Congress, and reports the 
balances to the Commissioner of the Customs and the First Comptroller, respec- 
tively, for their decision thereon. 



Appendix. 129 



SECOND AUDITOR S OFFICE. 

Second Auditor and twenty-one clerks. He receives and adjusts all accounts 
relating to the pay, clothing, and recruiting of the army, as well as armories, 
arsenals, and ordnance, and all accounts relating to the Indian Department, and 
reports the balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon. 

THIRD auditor's OFFICE. 

Third Auditor and seventy-eight clerks. He receives and adjusts all accounts 
for subsistence of the army, fortifications, Military Academy, military roads, and 
the Quartermaster's department, as well as for. pensions, claims arising from 
military services previous to 1816, and for horses and other property lost in the 
military service, under various acts of Congress, and reports the balances to the 
Second Comptroller for his decision thereon. 

FOURTH auditor's OFFICE. 

Fourth Auditor and sixteen clerks. He receives and adjusts all accounts for 
the service of the Navy Department, and reports the balances to the Second 
Comptroller for his decision thereon. 

FIFTH auditor's OFFICE. 

Fifth Auditor and six clerks. He receives and adjusts all accounts for diplo- 
matic and similar services performed under the direction of the State Depart- 
ment, and reports the balances to the First Comptroller for his decision thereon. 

SIXTH auditor's OFFICE. 

Auditor of the Treasury for the Post-office Department and one hundred and 
fourteen clerks. He receives and adjusts all accounts arising from the service 
of the Post-office Department. His decisions are final, unless an appeal be 
taken in twelve months to the First Comptroller. He superintends the collec- 
tion of all debts due the Post-office Department, and all penalties and forfeit- 
ures imposed on postmasters and mail contractors for failing to do their duty ; 
he directs suits and legal proceedings, civil and criminal, and takes all such 
measures as may be authorized by law to enforce the prompt payment of moneys 
due to the department ; instructing United States attorneys, marshals, and clerks 
in all matters relating thereto ; and receives returns from each term of the United 
States Courts of the condition and progress of such suits and legal proceedings ; 
has charge of all lands and other property assigned to the United States in pay- 
ment of debts due the Post-office Department, and has power to sell and dis- 
pose of the same for the benefit of the United States. 

treasurer's office. 

Treasurer and thirteen clerks. He receives and keeps the moneys of the 
United States in his own office, and that of the depositories, created by the Act 
of August 6, 1846, and pays out the same upon warrants drawn by the Secre- 
tary of the Treasury, countersigned by the First Comptroller, and upon warrants 

9* 



130 Appendix. 

drawn by tlie Postmaster-General, and crountersigned by the Sixth Auditor, and 
recorded by the Register. He also holds public moneys advanced by warrant 
to disbursing officers, and pays out the same upon their checks. 

eegister's office. 

Eegister and twenty-nine clerks. He keeps the accounts of public receipts 
and expenditures ; receives the returns and makes out the official statement of 
commerce and navigation of the United States ; and receives from the First 
Comptroller and Commissioner of Customs all accounts and vouchers decided 
by them, and is charged by law with their safe keeping. 

solicitor's office. 

Solicitor and six clerks. He superintends all civil suits commenced by the 
United States, [except those arising in the Post-office Department,) and instructs 
the United States attorneys, marshals, and clerks in all matters relating to them 
and their results. He receives returns from each term of the United States 
Courts, showing the progress and condition of such suits ; has charge of all lands 
and other property assigned to the United States in payment of debts, [except 
those assigned in payment of debts due the Post-office Department,) and has 
power to sell and dispose of the same for the benefit of the United States. 

LIGHT-HOUSE BOARD. 

Secretary of the Treasury, ex-officio President; Com. W. B. Shubrick, United 
States Navy, Chairman; Major A. H. Bowman, Corps of Engineers, United 
States Army, Capt. A. A. Humphreys, United States Army, Prof. A. D. Bache, 
Superintendent of Coast Survey, Prof. Joseph Henry, Secretary of Smithsonian 
Institution, Com. E. 6. Tilton, United States Navy, Com. Thornton A.Jenkins, 
United States Navy, and Capt. William B. Franklin, United States Army, Secre- 
taries ; and five clerks. This board directs the building and repairing of light- 
houses, light-vessels, buoys, and beacons, contracts for supplies of oil, etc. 

UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY. 

Prof. A. D. Bache, LL.D., Superintendent, and Superintendent of Weights 
and Measures ; Capt. William R. Palmer, Corps Topographical Engineers, United 
States Army; Lieut. A. P. Hill, United States Army, assistant, in charge of the 
Coast Survey Office. The other officers are : — A chief clerk, clerk in charge of 
archives, computer of longitudes, clerk in charge of computing division, assistant 
clerk in charge of tidal division, United States officer in charge of drawing divi- 
sion, United States officer in charge of engraving division, a disbursing agent, 
an electrotypist, and an assistant to superintendent of weights and measures. 



Appendix. 131 



POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 

Postmaster-General. The direction and management of the Post-office De- 
partment are assigned by the Constitution and laws to the Postmaster-General. 
That its business may be the more conveniently arranged and prepared for his 
final action, it is distributed among several bureaus, as follows : — The Appoint- 
ment Office, in charge of the First Assistant Postmaster-General ; the Contract 
Office, in charge of the Second Assistant Postmaster-General; the Finance 
Office, in charge of the Third Assistant Postmaster-General ; and the Inspec- 
tion Office, in charge of the Chief Clerk. 

APPOINTMENT OFFICE. 

First Assistant Postmaster-General and nineteen clerks. To this office are 
assigned all questions which relate to the establishment and discontinuance of 
post-offices, changes of sites and names, appointment and removal of postmas- 
ters, and route and local agents, as, also, the giving of instructions to postmas- 
ters. Postmasters are furnished with marking and rating stamps and letter 
balances by this bureau, which is charged also with providing blanks and sta- 
tionery for the use of the Department, and with the superintendence of the 
several agencies established for supplying postmasters with blanks. To this 
bureau is likewise assigned the supervision of the ocean mail steamship lines, and 
of the foreign and international postal arrangements. 

CONTRACT OFFICE. 

Second Assistant Postmaster-General and twenty-six clerks. To this office 
is assigned the business of arranging the mail service of the United States, and 
placing the same under contract, embracing all correspondence and proceedings 
respecting the frequency of trips, mode of conveyance, and times of departures 
and arrivals on all the routes ; the course of the mail between the different sec- 
tions of the country, the points of mail distribution, and the regulations for the 
government of the domestic mail service of the United States. It prepares the 
advertisements for mail proposals, receives the bids, and takes charge of the 
annual and occasional mail lettings, and the adjustment and execution of the 
contracts. All applications for the establishment or alteration of mail arrange- 
ments, and the appointment of mail messengers, should be sent to this office. 
All claims should be submitted to it for transportation service not under contract, 
as the recognition of said service is first to be obtained through the Contract 
Office as a necessary authority for the proper credits at the Auditor's office. 
From this office all postmasters at the ends of routes receive the statement of 
mail arrangements prescribed for the respective routes. It reports weekly to the 
Auditor all contracts executed, and all orders aflecting accounts for mail trans- 
portation ; prepares the statistical exhibits of the mail service, and the reports 
of the mail lettings, giving a statement of each bid ; also, of the contracts made, 
the new service originated, the curtailments ordered, and the additional allow- 
ances granted within the year. 



132 Appendix. 



FINANCE OFFICE. 

Third Assistant Postmaster-General and twenty-one clerks. To this office are 
assigned the supervision and management of the financial business of the De- 
partment, not devolved by law upon the Auditor, embracing accounts with the 
draft offices and other depositories of the Department, the issuing of warrants 
and drafts in payment of balances, reported by the Auditor to be due to mail 
contractors and other persons, the supervision of the accounts of offices under 
orders to deposit their quarterly balances at designated points, and the superin- 
tendence of the rendition by postmasters of their quarterly returns of postages. 
It has charge of the dead-letter office, of the issuing of postage stamps and 
stamped envelopes for the prepayment of postage, and of the accounts con- 
nected therewith. 

To the Third Assistant Postmaster-General all postmasters should direct their 
quarterly returns of postage ; those at draft offices their letters reporting quar- 
terly the net proceeds of their offices ; and those at depositing offices their cer- 
tificates of deposit; to him should also be directed the weekly and monthly 
returns of the depositaries of the Department, as well as all applications and 
receipts for postage stamps and stamped envelopes, and for dead-letters. 

INSPECTION OFFICE. 

Chief clerk and seventeen clerks. To this office is assigned the duty of 
receiving and examining the registers of the arrivals and departures of the 
mails, certificates of the service of route agents, and reports of mail failures ; of 
noting the delinquencies of contractors, and preparing cases thereon for the 
action of the Postmaster-General ; furnishing blanks for mail registers, and re- 
ports of mail failures ; providing and sending out mail-bags and mail-locks and 
keys, and doing all other things which may be necessary to secure a faithful and 
exact performance of all mail contracts. 

All cases of mail depredation, of violation of law by private expresses, or by 
the forging or illegal use of postage stamps, are under the supervision of this 
office, and should be reported to it. 

All communications respecting lost money, letters, mail depredations, or other 
violations of law, or mail-locks and keys, should be directed, "Chief Clerk, Post- 
office Department." 

All registers of the arrivals and departures of the mails, certificates of the 
service of route agents, reports of mail failures, applications for blank registers, 
and reports of failures, and all complaints against contractors for irregular or 
imperfect service, should be directed, "Inspection-office, Post-office Depart- 
ment." 



Appendix. 133 



NAA^'Y DEPAETMENT. 

The Navy Department consists of tlie Navy Department proper, being the 
office of the Secretary and of- five bureaus attached thereto, viz. : Bureau of 
Navy-yards and Docks ; Bureau of Construction, Equipment, and Eepair ; Bu- 
reau of Provisions and Clothing; Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography; and 
the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. 

The following is a statement of the duties of each of these offices and of the 
force employed therein : — 

secretary's office. 

Secretary of the Navy, chief clerk, and eleven clerks. The Secretary of the 
Navy has charge of everything connected with the naval establishment, and the 
execution of all laws relating thereto is intrusted to him, under the general direc- 
tion of the President of the United States, who, by the Constitution, is Com- 
mander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy. All instructions to commanders of 
squadrons, and commanders of vessels, all orders of officers, commissions of offi- 
cers both in the navy and marine corps, appointments of commissioned and war- 
rant officers, orders for the enlistment and discharge of seamen, emanate from 
the Secretary's office. All the duties of the different bureaus are performed under 
the authority of the Secretary, and their ordei's are considered as emanating from 
him. The general superintendence of the marine corps forms, also, a part of the 
duties of the Secretary, and all the orders of the commandant of that corps 
should be approved by him. 

BUREAU OF NAVY-YARDS AND DOCKS. 

Commodore Joseph Smith, chief of the bureau, four clerks, one civil engineer, 
and one draughtsman. All the navy-yards, docks, and wharves, buildings and 
machinery in navy-yards, and everything immediately connected with them, are 
under the superintendence of this bureau. It is also charged with the manage- 
ment of the Naval Asylum. 

BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION, EQUIPMENT, AND EEPAIR. 

Chief of the bureau, eight clerks, and one draughtsman. The office of the 
Engineer-in-Chief of the Navy is attached to this bureau, who is assisted by 
three assistant engineers. This bureau has charge of the building and repairs of 
all vessels-of-war, purchase of materials, and the providing of all vessels with 
their ecpiipmeuts, as sails, anchors, water-tanks, etc. The Engineer-in-Chief 
superintends the construction of all marine steam-engines for the navy, and, 
with the approval of the Secretary, decides upon plans for their construction. 

BUREAU OF PROVISIONS AND CLOTHING. 

Purser, United States Navy, chief of bureau, and four clerks. All provisions 
for the use of the navy, and clothing, together with the making of contracts for 
furnishing the same, come under the charge of this bureau. 



134 Appendix. 



BUREAU OF ORDNANCE AND HYDROGRAPHY. 

<Oaptain Duncan Ingraham, chief of bureau, four clerks, and one draughtsman. 
This bureau has charge of all ordnance and ordnance stores, the manufacture or 
purchase of cannon, guns, powder, shot, shells, etc., and the equipment of vessels- 
of-war, with everything connected therewith. It also provides them with maps, 
charts, chronometers, barometers, etc., together with such books as are furnished 
ships-of-war. "The United States Naval Observatory and Hydrographical 
Office," at Washington, and the Naval Academy, at Annapolis, are also under 
the general superintendence of the chief of this bureau. 

BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 

Dr. William Whelan, Surgeon, United States Navy, chief of bureau, one passed 
assistant surgeon United States Navy, and two clerks. - Everything relating to 
medicines and medical stores, treatment of sick and wounded, and management 
of hospitals, comes within the superintendence of this bureau. 



WAE DEPARTMENT. 

Secretary of War, chief clerk, seven subordinate clerks, two messengers, and 
four watchmen. The following bureaus are attached to this Department : — 

COMMANDING GENERAL's OFFICE. 

This office, at the head of which is Lieutenant-General Scott, is at New 
York. I 

adjutant-general's office. 

Colonel Samuel Cooper, Adjutant-General. Assistants: Brevet-Major E. D. 
Townsend, Brevet-Captain S. Williams, and Brevet-Captain J. P. Garesche. 
Judge- Advocate, Brevet-Major John F. Lee; nine clerks and one messenger. In 
this office are kept all the records which refer to the personel of the army, the 
rolls, etc. It is here where all military commissions are made out. 

quartermaster-general's office. 

Brevet-Major-General T. S. Jesup, Quartermaster-General. Assistants : — 
Colonel C.Thomas, Captain M. S. Miller, and Brevet-Major J. Belger; eleven 
clerks, and one messenger. 

paymaster-general's office. 

Colonel B. P. Larned, Paymaster-General; Major T. J. Leslie, District Pay- 
master ; eight clerks, and one messenger. 



Appendix. 135 



commissary-general's office. 



General George Gibson, Commissary-General ; Assistant : Captain M. D. L. 
Simpson ; six clerks, and one messenger. 



SURGEON-GENERAL S OFFICE. 



General Thomas Lawson, Surgeon-General ; Assistants : Dr. R. C. Wood, and 
Dr. G. K. Wood ; three clerks. 



ENGINEER S OFFICE. 



General Joseph G. Jotten, Chief Engineer ; Assistant : Captain H. G. Wright ; 
five clerks, and one messenger. 



TOPOGRAPHICAL BUREAU. 



Colonel J. J. Abert, colonel of the corps ; Assistant : Captain J. C. Wood- 
ruff; four clerks, and one messenger. 



ORDNANCE BUREAU. 



Colonel H. R. Craig, Colonel of Ordnance ; Assistant : Captain William May- 
nadier ; eight clerks, and one messenger. 



136 Appendix. 



THE 



SEVERAL STATES AND TEEEITORIES 



AMERICAN UNION. 



THE THIRTEEN ORIGINAL STATES THAT FORMED AND 
CONFIRMED THE UNION, *BY THE ADOPTION OF THE 
CONSTITUTION, ARE AS FOLLOWS:— 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

FmsT settled at Dover and Portsmouth, in 1623. 

Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same 
jurisdiction until September 18, 1679, when a separate charter and government was 
granted. A Constitution was formed January 5, 1776, which was altered in 1784, 
and was further altered and amended February 13, 1792. 

This State ratified the Constitution of the United States, June 21, 1788. 

Area, 9280 square miles. Population in 1850, 317,976. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

First settled at Plymouth, by English Puritans from Holland, who landed Decem- 
ber 22, 1620. 

Chartered March 4, 1629; also chartered January 13, 1630; an explanatory 
charter granted August 20, 1726; and more completely chartered October 7, 1731. 
Formed a Constitution March 2, 1780, which was altered and amended November 3, 
1820. 

Ratified the Constitution of the United States, February 6, 1788. 

Area, 7500 square miles. Population in 1850, 994,514. 

RHODE ISLAND. 

Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same 
jurisdiction until July 8, 1662, when a separate charter was granted, which continued 
in force until a Constitution was formed, September, 1842. 

Ratified the Constitution of the United States, May 29, 1790. 

Area, 1360 square miles. Population in 1850, 147,545. 



Appendix. 137 



CONNECTICUT. 

Embraced under tlie charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same 
jurisdiction until April 23, 1662, when a separate charter was granted, which con- 
tinued in force until a Constitution was formed, September 15, 1818. 

Ratified the Constitution of the United States, January 9, 1788. 

Area, 4674 square miles. Population in 1850, 370,792. 

NEW YORK. 

Granted to Duke of York, March 20, 1664, April 26, 1664, and June 24, 1664. 
Newly patented February 9, 1674 ; formed a Constitution April 20, 1777, which was 
amended October 27, 1801, and further amended November 10, 1821. A new Con- 
stitution was formed in 1846. 

Ratified the Constitution of the United States, July 26, 1788. 

Area, 47,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 3,097,394. 

NEW JERSEY. 

Held under same grants as New York ; separated into East and West Jersey March 
3, 1677. The government surrendered to the Crown in 1702, and so continued until 
the formation of a Constitution, July 2, 1776. 

Ratified the Constitution of the United States, December 18, 1787. 

Area, 8320 square miles. Population in 1850, 489,555. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Chartered February 28, 1681; formed a Constitution September 28, 1776; 
amended, September 2, 1790. 

Ratified the Constitution of the United States, December 12, 1787. 
Area, 46,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 2,311,786. 

DELAWARE. 

Embraced in the charter, and continued under the government of Pennsylvania 
until the formation of a Constitution, September 20, 1776; a new Constitution formed 
June 12, 1792. 

Ratified the Constitution of the United States, December 7, 1787. 

Area, 2120 square miles. Population in 1850, 91,532. 

MARYLAND. 

Chartered June 20, 1632; formed a Constitution August 14, 1776, which was 
amended in 1795 and 1799, and further amended in November, 1812. 
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, April 28, 1788. 
Area, 9356 square miles. Population in 1850, 583,034. 

VIRGINIA. 

Chartered April 10, 1606, May 23, 1609, and March 12, 1612; formed a Consti- 
tution July 5, 1776; amended, .January 15, 1830. 

Ratified the Constitution of the United States, June 26, 1788. 
Area, 61,352 square miles. Population in 1850, 1,421,661. 



138 Appendix. 



NORTH CAROLINA. 

Chartered March 20, 1663, and June 30, 1665; formed a Constitution December 
18, 1776, -which was amended in 1835. 

Ratified the Constitution of the United States, November 21, 1789. 
Area, 50,704 square miles. Population in 1850, 869,039. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

Embraced in the charters of Carolina oV North Carolina, from which it was sepa- 
rated in 1729; formed a Constitution March 26, 1776, which was amended March 19, 
1778, and June 3, 1790. 

Ratified the Constitution of the United States, May 23, 1788. 

Area, 29,585 square miles. Population in 1850, 668,507. 

GEORGIA. 

Chartered .June 9, 1732; formed a Constitution February 5, 1777, a second in 
1785, and a third May 30, 1798. 

Ratified the Constitution of the United States, January 2, 1788. 
Area, 58,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 906,185. 



THE STATES ADMITTED INTO THE UNION, SINCE THE 

ADOPTION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION, ARE 

AS FOLLOWS:— 

VERMONT. 

Formed from territory of New York. 

Admitted March 4, 1791. 

A Constitution adopted July 9, 1793. 

Area, 10,212 square miles. Population in 1850, 314,120. 

KENTUCKY. 

Formed from territory of Virginia. 

Admitted June 1, 1792. 

A Constitution laid before Congress November 7, 1792. 

A new Constitution adopted August 17, 1799. 

Area, 37,680 square miles. Population in 1850, 982,405. 

TENNESSEE. 

Formed from territory of North Carolina. 

Adopted a Constitution February 6, 1796. 

Admitted June 1, 1796. 

Area, 45,600 square miles. Population in 1850, 1,002,717. 



Appendix. 139 

OHIO. 

Formed from Northwest territory. 

Adopted a Constitution November 1, 1802. 

Admitted November 29, 1802. 

Area, 39,964 square miles. Population in 1850, 1,980,329. 

LOUISIANA. 

Formed from French territory. 

Adopted a Constitution January 22, 1812. 

Admitted April 8, 1812. 

Area, 41,225 square miles. Population in 1850, 517,762. 

INDIANA. 

Formed from Northwest territory. 

Adopted a Constitution June 29, 1810. 

Admitted December 11, 1816. 

Area, 33,809 square miles. Population in 1850, 988,416. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Formed from territory of South Carolina and Georgia. 

Adopted a Constitution Marcli 1, 1817. 

Admitted December 10, 1817. 

Area, 47,156 square miles. Population in 1850, 606,526. 

ILLINOIS. 

Formed from Northwest territory. 

Adopted a Constitution August 26, 1818. 

Admitted December 3, 1818. 

Area, 55,409 square miles. Population in 1850, 851,470. 

ALABAMA. 

Formed from territory of South Carolina and Georgia. 

Adopted a Constitution August 2, 1819. 

Admitted December 14, 1819. 

Area, 50,722 square miles. Population in 1850, 771,623. 

MAINE. 

Formed from territory of Massachusetts. 

Adopted a Constitution October 29, 1819. 

Admitted March 15, 1820. 

Area, 31,766 square miles. Population in 1850, 583,169. 

MISSOURL 
Formed from French territory. 
Adopted a Constitution July 19, 1820. 
Admitted August 10, 1821. 
Area, 67,380 square miles. Population in 1850, 682,044. 



140 Appendix. 



ARKANSAS. 

Formed from French territory. 

Presented a Constitution March 1, 1836. 

Admitted June 15, 1836. 

Area, 52,198 square miles. Population in 1850, 209,897.- 

MICHIGAN. 

Formed from territory originally belonging to Virginia. 
Presented a memorial for admission January 25, 1833. 
Admitted January 26, 1837. 
Area, 56,243 square miles. Population in 1850, 397,654. 

FLORIDA. 

Formed from Spanish territory. 

Presented a Constitution February 20, 1839. 

Admitted March 3, 1845. 

Area, 59,268 square miles. Population in 1850, 87,445. 

TEXAS. 

Was an Independent Republic. 

Admitted December 29, 1845. 

Area, 237,504 square miles. Population in 1850, 212,592. 

WISCONSIN. 

Formed from Indian territoi-y. 

Adopted a Constitution January 21, 1847. 

Admitted May 29, 1848. 

Area 53,924 square miles. Population in 1850, 305,391. 

IOWA. 

Formed from Indian territory. 

Presented a Constitution December 9, 1844. 

Admitted December 28, 1846. 

Area, 50,914 square miles. Population in 1850, 192,214. 

CALIFORNIA. 

Formed from Mexican territory. 

Admitted September 9, 1850. 

Area, 188,982 square miles. Population in 1850, 92,597. 

MINNESOTA. 

Formed from Indian territory. 

Admitted May 11, 1858.' 

Area, 166,025 square miles. Population in 1850, 6077. 



Appendix. 141 



TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 



OREGON. 

Organized August 14, 1848. 

Ai-ea, 185,030 square miles. Population in 1850, 13,294. 

UTAH. 

Organized September 9, 1850. 

Area, 259,170 square miles. Population in 1850, 11,380. 

NEW MEXICO. 

Organized September 9, 1850. 

Area, 207,007 square miles. Population in 1850, 61,547. 

WASHINGTON. 

Organized November 2, 1853. 

Area, 123,022 square miles. No census. 

NEBRASKA. 

Organized May 30, 1854. 

Area, 335,882 square miles. No census. 

KANSAS. 

Established May 30, 1854. 

Area, 114,798 square miles. No census. 



142 Appendix. 



DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

Established under the first Article of the Constitution of the United States: — 
" Congress shall have power to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases vrhatsoever, 
over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular 
States., and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the Government of the 
United States," etc. In pursuance of which provision the State of Maryland, De- 
cember 23, 1788, passed "An act to cede to Congress a district of ten miles square 
in this State, for the seat of the Government of the United States." 

And the State of Virginia, December 3, 1789, passed "An act for the cession of 
ten miles square, or any lesser quantity of territory within this State, to the United 
States in Congress assembled, for the permanent seat of the General Government." 

These cessions were accepted by Congress, as required by the Constitution, and 
the permanent seat of government established by the "Act for establishing the tem- 
porary and permanent seat of the Government of the United States," approved 
July 16, 1790; and the act to amend the same, approved March 3, 1791. 

The district of ten miles square was accordingly located, and its lines and bound- 
aries particularly established by a proclamation of George Washington, President 
of the United States, March 30, 1791, and by the "Act concerning the District of 
Columbia," approved February 27, 1801, Congress assumed complete jurisdiction 
over the said District, as contemplated by the framers of the Constitution. 

Area, 50 square miles. Population in 1850, 51,687. 



Appendix. 143 



PROGRESS. OF POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES, 

FROM 1Y90 TO 1850. 



First Census, August 1, 1790. 

Whites. Tree Colored. Slaves. Total. 

Free States 1,900,772 26,831 40,850 1,968,453 

Slave States 1,271,692 32,635 645,047 1,961,374 

Total 3,172,464 59,440 697,897 3,929,827 

Second Census, August 1, 1800. 

FreeStates 2,601,509 47,154 85,946 2,684,609 

SlaveStates 1,702,980 61,241 857,095 2,621,316 

Total 4,304,489 108,395 893,041 5,305,925 

Third Census, August 1, 1810. 

FreeStates 3,653,219 78,181 27,510 3,758,910 

SlaveStates 2,208,785 108,265 1,163,854 3,480,904 

Total 5,862,004 186,446 1,191,364 7,239,814 

Fourth Census, August 1, 1820. 

FreeStates 5,030,371 102,893 19,108 5,152,372 

SlaveStates 2,842,340 135,434 1,524,580 4,502,224 

Total 7,872,711 238,197 1,543,688 9,654,596 

Fifth Census, June 1, 1830. 

FreeStates 6,876,620 137,529 3,568 7,017,717 

SlaveStates 3,660,758 182,070 2,005,475 5,848,303 

Total 10,537,378 319,599 2,009,043 12,866,020 

Sixth Census, June 1, 1840. 

FreeStates 9,557,065 170,727 1,129 9,728,921 

SlaveStates 4,632,640 215,568 2,486,226 7,334,434 

Total 14,189,705 386,295 2,487,355 17,063,355 

Seventh Census, June 1, 1850. 

FreeStates 13,330,650 196,308 262 13,527,220 

SlaveStates 6,222,418 238,187 3,204,051 9,664,654 

Total 19,553,068 434,495 3,204,313 23,191,874 



144 



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THE 

STATE AND TEREITOEIAL GOVERNORS, 

SINCE THE ADOPTION 

OF THE 

FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. 



MAINE. 

FROM TO 

William King 1820 1821 

Albion K. Parris 1821 1826 

Enoch Lincoln 1826 1830 

Jonathan G. Hunton 1830 1831 

Samuel E. Smith 1831 1833 

Robert P. Dunlap 1833 1838 

Edward Kent 1838 1839 

John Fairfield 1839 1840 

Edward Kent 1840 1841 

John Fairfield 1841 1843 

Edward Kavanagh, (acting). 1843 1844 

Hugh J. Anderson 1844 1847 

John W. Dana 1847 1850 

.John Hubbard 1850 1853 

William G. Crosby 1853 1855 

Anson P. Morrill 1855 1857 

Hannibal Hamlin 1857 1857 

Joseph H. Williams 1857 1858 

Lot M. Morrill 1858 1859 

Salary, $1500. 

Term, one year. 

Seat of Government, Augusta. 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

PROM TO 

Josiah Bartlett 1792 1794 

John Taylor Gilman 1794 1805 

John Langdon 1805 1809 

Jeremiah Smith 1809 1810 

John Langdon 1810 1812 

William Plumer 1812 1813 

John Taylor Gilman 1813 1816 

William Plumer 1816 1819 

Samuel Bell 1819 1823 

Levi Woodbury 1823 1824 

David L. Morrill 1824 1827 

Benjamin Pierce 1827 1830 

Matthew Harvey 1830 1831 

Samuel Dinsmoor 1831 1834 

William Badger 1834 1836 

Isaac Hill 1836 1839 

John Page 1839 1842 

Henry Hubbard 1842 1844 

John H. Steele 1844 1846 

Anthony Colby 1846 1847 

Jared W. Williams 1847 1849 

Samuel Dinsmoor 1849 1852 

(147) 



148 



Appendix. 



FROM TO 

Noah Martin 1852 1854 

Nathaniel B. Baker 1854 1855 

Ealph Metcalf 1855 1856 

" 1856 1857 

William Haile 1857 1858 

" (re-elected)... 1858 1859 
Salary, ^1000. 
Term, one year. 
Seat of Government, Concord. 



VERMONT. 

Moses Robinson 1789 1790 

Thomas Chittenden 1790 1797 

Isaac Tichenor 1797 1807 

Israel Smith 1807 1808 

Isaac Tichenor 1808 1809 

Galusha Jones 1809 1813 

Martin Chittenden 1813 1815 

Galusha Jones 1815 1820 

Richard Skinner 1820 1823 

C. P. Van Ness 1823 1826 

Ezra Butler 1826 1828 

Samuel C. Crafts 1828 1831 

William A. Palmer 1831 1835 

Silas A. Jenison 1835 1841 

Charles Paine 1841 1843 

John Mattocks 1843 1844 

William Slade 1844 1846 

Horace Eaton 1846 1849 

Charles Coolidge 1849 1850 

Charles K. Williams 1850 1852 

Erastus Fairbanks 1852 1853 

John S. Robinson 1853 1854 

Stephen Royce 1854 1856 

Ryland Fletcher 1856 1858 

Salary, $1000. 

Term, one year. 

Seat of Government, Montpelier. 



MASSACHUSETTS. 

FROM TO 

John Hancock 1789 1794 

Samuel Adams 1794 1797 

Increase Sumner 1797 1799 

Caleb Strong 1800 1807 

James Sullivan 1807 1808 

Christopher Gore 1809 1810 

Elbridge Gerry 1810 1812 

Caleb Strong 1812 1816 

John Brooks 1816 1823 

William Eustis 1823 1825 

Levi Lincoln 1825 1834 

John Davis 1834 1836 

Edward Everett 1836 1840 

Marcus Morton 1840 1841 

JohnDavis 1841 1843 

Marcus Morton 1843 1844 

George N. Briggs 1844 1851 

George S. Boutwell 1851 1853 

John H. Clifford 1853 1854 

Emory Washburn 1854 1855 

Henry J. Gardner 1855 1858 

Nathaniel P. Banks 1858 1859 

Salary, f 3500. 

Term, one year. 

Seat of Government, Boston. 

RHODE ISLAND. 

Arthur Fenner 1789 1805 

Henry Smith 1805 1806 

Isaac Wilburn 1800 1807 

James Fenner 1807 1811 

William Jones 1811 1817 

Nehemiah Knight 1817 1821 

William C. Gibbs 1821 1824 

William Findlay 1824 1831 

Lemuel H. Arnold 1831 1832 



Appendix. 



149 



PROM TO 

John B. Francis 1833 1838 

William Sprague 1838 1840 

Samuel W. King 1840 1842 

James Fenner 1842 1844 

Charles Jackson 1844 1845 

Byran Diman 1846 1847 

Elisha Harris 1847 1849 

Henry B. Anthony 1849 1851 

Philip Allen 1851 1854 

William W. Hoppin 1854 1857 

Elisha Dyer 1857 1859 

Salary, flOOO. 
Term, one year. 

Seats of Government, Newport and 
Providence. 



CONNECTICUT. 

Samuel Huntington 1785 1796 

Oliver Wolcott 1796 1798 

Jonathan Trumbull 1798 1809 

John Treadwell 1809 1811 

Roger Griswold 1811 1818 

John Cotton Smith 1813 1818 

Oliver Wolcott 1818 1827 

Gideon Tomlinson 1827 1831 

John S. Peters 1831 1838 

Henry W. Edwards 1833 1834 

Samuel A. Foote 1834 1835 

Henry W. Edwards 1835 1838 

William W. Ellsworth 1838 1842 

Chauncey F. Cleveland 1842 1844 

Roger S. Baldwin 1844 1846 

Isaac Toucey 1846 1847 

Clark Bissell 1847 1849 

Joseph Trumbull 1849 1850 

Thomas H. Seymour 1850 1853 

C. H. Pond, (acting) 1858 1854 

Henry Button 1854 1855 



William T. Minor 1855 1857 

Alexander H. Holley 1857 1858 

William A. Buckingham 1858 1859 

Salary, $1100. 

Term, one year. 

Seat of Government, Hartford. 

NEAV YORK. 

George Clinton 1789 1795 

John Jay 1795 1801 

George Clinton 1801 1804 

Morgan Lewis 1804 1807 

Daniel D. Tompkins 1807 1817 

De Witt Clinton 1817 1822 

Joseph C. Yates 1822 1824 

De Witt Clinton 1824 1828 

Martin Van Buren 1828 1830 

Enos T. Throop 1830 1832 

William L. Marcy 1832 1838 

William H. Seward 1838 1842 

William C. Bouck 1842 1844 

Silas AVright 1844 1846 

John Young 1846 1848 

Hamilton Fish 1848 1850 

Washington Hunt 1850 1852 

Horatio Seymour 1852 1854 

Myron H. Clark 1854 1856 

John A. King 1856 1858 

Salary, «?4000. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, Albany. 



NEW JERSEY. 

William Livingston 1789 1794 

William Patterson 1794 1794 

Richard Howell 1794 1801 



150 



Appendix. 



FROM TO 

Joseph Bloomfield 1801 1812 

Aaron Ogden 1812 1813 

■Williams. Pennington 1813 1815 

Mahlon Dickinson 1815 1817 

Isaac H. Williamson 1817 1829 

Peter D.Vroom 1829 1832 

Samuel L. Southard 1832 1833 

EliasP. Seely 1833 1833 

Peter D. Vroom 1833 1836 

Philemon Dickinson 1836 1837 

William Pennington 1837 1843 

Daniel Haines 1843 1844 

Charles C. Stratton 1844 1848 

Daniel Haines 1848 1851 

George F. Fort 1851 1854 

Rodman M. Price 1854 1857 

William A. Newell 1857 1860 

Salary, $1800 and fees. 

Term, three years. 

Seat of Government, Trenton. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Thomas Mifflin 1790 1799 

Thomas McKean 1799 1808 

Simon Snyder 1808 1817 

William Findlay 1817 1820 

Joseph Heister 1820 1823 

John Andrew Schultz 1823 1829 

George Wolf 1829 1835 

Joseph Ritner 1835 1839 

David R. Porter 1839 1845 

Francis R. Shunk 1845 1848 

William F. Johnston 1848 1852 

William Bigler 1852 1855 

James Pollock 1855 1858 

William F. Packer 1858 1861 

Salary, $3000. 

Term, three years. 

Seat of Government, Harrisburg. 



DELAWARE. 

FROM TO 

Joshua Clayton 1789 1796 

Gunning Bedford 1796 1797 

Daniel Rogers 1797 1798 

Richard Bassett 1798 1801 

James Sykes, (acting) 1801 1802 

David Hall 1802 1805 

Nathaniel Mitchell 1805 1808 

George Truett 1808 1811 

Joseph Haslett 1811 1814 

DanielRodney 1814 1817 

John Clarke 1817 1820 

Jacob Stout, (acting) 1820 1821 

John Collins 1821 1822 

Caleb Rodney, (acting) 1822 1823 

Joseph Haslett 1823 1824 

Samuel Paynter 1824 1827 

George Poindexter 1827 1880 

David Hazzard 1830 1833 

Caleb P. Bennett 1833 1837 

Cornelius P. Comegys 1837 1840 

William B. Cooper 1840 1844 

Thomas Stockton 1844 1846 

Joseph Maul, (acting) 1846 1846 

William Temple..... 1846 1846 

William Thorp 1846 1851 

William H. Ross 1851 1855 

Peter F. Causey 1855 1859 

Salary, $13o3J. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Dover. 

MARYLAND. 

John Eager Howard 1788 1792 

George Plater 1792 1792 

Thomas Sim Lee 1792 1794 

John H.Stone 1794 1797 

John Henry 1797 1798 



Appendix. 



151 



FROM TO 

Benjamin Ogle 1798 1801 

John F. Mercer 1801 1803 

Robert Bowie 1803 1805 

Robert Wright 1805 1809 

Edward Lloyd 1809 1811 

Robert Bowie 1811 1812 

Levin Winder 1812 1815 

C. Ridgely 1815 1818 

C. W. Goldsborough 1818 1819 

Samuel Sprigg 1819 1822 

Samuel Stevens 1822 1826 

Joseph Kent 1826 1829 

Daniel Martin 1829 1830 

T. K. Carroll 1830 1831 

Daniel Martin 1831 1831 

George Howard, (acting) 1831 1832 

" 1832 1833 

James Thomas 1833 1836 

Thomas W. Veasay 1836 1838 

William Grayson 1838 1841 

Thomas Francis 1841 1844 

Thomas G. Pratt 1844 1848 

Philip F. Thomas 1848 1851 

Enoch L. Lowe 1851 1854 

Thomas W. Ligon 1854 1858 

Thomas H. Hicks 1858 1862 

Salary, $3600, with a furnished house. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Annapolis. 

VIRGINIA. 

Beverley Randolph 1788 1791 

Henry Lee 1791 1794 

Robert Brooke 1794 1796 

James Wood 1796 1799 

James Monroe 1799 1802 

John Page 1802 1805 

William H. Cabell 1805 1808 



FROM TO 

John Tyler 1808 1811 

James Monroe 1811 1811 

George AV. Smith 1811 1812 

James Barbour 1812 1814 

Wilson C. Nicholas 1814 1816 

James P. Preston 1816 1819 

Thomas M. Randolph 1819 1822 

James Pleasants 1822 1825 

John Tyler 1825 1827 

William B. Giles 1827 1830 

JohnFloyd 1830 1834 

Littleton W. Tazewell 1834 1836 

Wyndham Robertson, (act'g) 1836 1837 

David Campbell 1837 1840 

Thomas W. Gilmer 1840 1841 

John Rutherford 1841 1842 

John M. Gregory , 1842 1843 

James McDowell 1843 1846 

William Smith 1846 1849 

John B. Floyd 1849 1852 

Joseph Johnson 1852 1856 

Henry A. Wise 1856 1860 

Salary, $5000. 

Term, three years. 

Seat of Government, Richmond. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

Alexander Martin 1789 1792 

Richard D. Spaight 1792 1795 

Samuel Ashe 1795 1798 

William R. Davie 1798 1799 

Benjamin Williams 1799 1802 

James Turner 1802 1805 

Nathaniel Alexander 1805 1807 

Benjamin- Williams 1807 1808 

David Stone 1808 1810 

Benjamin Smith 1810 1811 

William Hawkins 1811 1814 



152 



Appendix. 



FROM TO 

William Miller 1814 1817 

John Branch ISIT' 1820 

Jesse Franklin 1820 1821 

Gabriel Holmes 1821 1824 

Hutching G. Burton 1824 1827 

James Iredell 1827 1828 

John Owen 1828 1830 

Montfort Stokes 1830 1832 

David L. Swain 1832 1835 

Pvichard D. Spaight 1835 1837 

Edward B. Dudley 1837 1840 

John M. Morehead 1840 1844 

William A. Graham 1844 1849 

Charles Manly 1849 1851 

David S. Reid 1851 1855 

Thomas Bragg 1855 1859 

Salary, $3000, with a furnished house. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, Raleigh. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

Charles Pinckney 1789 1792 

Arnoldus Vanderhorst 1792 1794 

William Moultrie 1794 1796 

Charles Pinckney 1796 1798 

Edward Rutledge 1798 1800 

John Drayton, (acting) 1800 1800 

" " 1800 1802 

James B. Richardson... 1802 1804 

Paul Hamilton 1804 1806 

Charles Pinckney 1806 1808 

John Drayton 1808 1810 

Henry Middleton 1810 1812 

JosephAlston 1812 1814 

David R. Williams 1814 1816 

Andrew Pickens 1816 1818 

John Geddes 1818 1820 

Thomas Bennet 1820 1822 



FROM TO 

JohnL. Wilson 1822 1824 

Richard J. Manning 1824 1826 

John Taylor '. 1826 1828 

Stephen D. Miller 1828 1830 

James Hamilton.... 1830 1832 

Robert Y. Hayne 1832 1834 

George McDuffie 1834 1836 

Pierce M. Butler 1836 1838 

Patrick Noble 1838 1840 

B. K. Hennegan, (acting) 1840 1840 

J. P. Richardson 1840 1842 

James H. Hammond 1842 1844 

William Aiken 1844 1847 

David Johnson 1847 1848 

W. B. Seabrook 1848 1850 

John H. Means 1850 1852 

John L. Manning 1852 1854 

James H. Adams 1854 1856 

R. F. W. Alston 1856 1858 

Salary, $3500. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, Columbia. 



GEORGIA. 

George Walton 1789 1790 

Edward Telfair 1790 1793 

George Matthews 1793 1796 

Jaredlrwin 1796 1798 

James Jackson 1798 1801 

David Emanuel, (acting) 1801 1801 

Josiah Tatnall 1801 1802 

JohnMilledge 1802 1806 

Jaredlrwin 1806 1809 

David B. Mitchell 1809 1818 

Peter Early 1813 1815 

David B. Mitchell 1815 1817 

William Rabun 1817 1819 

Matthew Talbot, (acting).... 1819 1819 



Appendix. 



153 



FROM TO 

John Clarke 1819 1823 

George M. Troup 1823 1827 

John Forsyth 1827 1829 

George R. Gilmer 1829 1831 

Wilson Lumpkin 1831 1835 

William Schley 1835 1837 

George R. Gilmer 1837 1839 

Charles J. McDonald 1839 1843 

George W. Crawford 1843 1847 

George AV. Towns 1847 1851 

Howell Cobb 1851 1853 

Herschel V. Johnson 1853 1857 

James E.Brown 1857 1859 

Salary, $3000. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, Milledgeville. 

FLORIDA. 

TERRITORY. 

William P. Duvall 1822 1834 

.John H.Eaton 1834 183G 

Richard K. Call 1836 1844 

John Branch 1844 1845 

STATE. 

William D. Moseley 1845 1849 

Thomas Brown 1849 1853 

.James E. Broome 1853 1857 

Madison S. Perry 1857 1861 

Salary, $1500. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Tallahassee. 

ALABAMA. 

William W.Bibb 1819 1820 

Thomas Bibb 1820 1821 

Israel Pickens 1821 1825 



FROM TO 

John Murphy 1825 1829 

Gabriel Moore 1829 1831 

JohnGoyle 1831 1835 

Clement C. Clay 1835 1837 

Arthur P. Bagby 1837 1841 

Benjamin Fitzpatrick 1841 1845 

Joshua L. Martin 1845 1847 

Reuben Chapman 1847 1849 

Henry W. Collier 1849 1853 

John A. Winston 1853 1857 

Andrew B. Moore 1857 1859 

Salary, $2500. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, Montgomery. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

TERRITORY. 

Winthrop Sargent 1798 1802 

W. C. C. Claiborne 1802 1805 

Robert AVilliams 1805 1809 

David Holmes 1809 1817 

STATE. 

David Holmes 1817 1819 

George Poindexter 1819 1821 

Walter Leake 1821 1825 

David Holmes 1825 1827 

Gerard C. Brandon 1827 1831 

Abraham M. Scott 1831 1833 

Hiram G. Runnels 1833 1835 

Charles Lynch 183^ 1837 

Alexander G. McNutt 1837 1841 

Tilghman M. Tucker 1841 1843 

Albert G. Brown 1843 1848 

Joseph W. Mathews 1848 1850 

John A. Quitman 1850 1851 

John.LGuion, (acting) 1851 1851 

.Jas. Whitfield 1851 1852 



154 



Appendix. 



FROM TO 

Henry S. Foote 1852 1854 

JohnJ. McRae 1854 1858 

William McWillie 1858 1860 

Salary, $4000. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, Jackson. 

LOUISIANA. 

TERRITORY OF ORLEANS. 

William C . C . Claiborne 1 804 1812 

STATE. 

William C. C. Claiborne 1812 1816 

James Villare 1816 1820 

Thomas B. Robertson 1820 1822 

H. S. Thibodeaux, (acting).., 1822 1824 

Henry Johnson 1824 1828 

Peter Derbigny 1828 1829 

A. Bauvais, (acting) 1829 1830 

Jacques Dupre 1830 1830 

Andre B. Roman 1830 1834 

Edward D.White 1834 1838 

Andre B. Roman 1838 1841 

Alexander Warton 1841 1845 

Isaac Johnson 1845 1850 

.Joseph Walker 1850 1854 

PaulO. Hebert 1854 1858 

R. C. Wickliffe 1858 1862 

Salary, $4000. 

Term, four years 

Seat of Government, Baton Rouge. 

TEXAS. 

J. Pinckney Henderson 1846 1847 

George T.Wood 1847 1849 

P.H.Bell 1849 1853 



Edward M. Pease 1853 1857 

H. G. Runnells 1857 1861 

Salary, $3000. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, Austin. 

ARKANSAS, 

TERRITORY, 

James Miller 1819 1825 

George Izard 1825 1829 

John Pope. 1829 1835 

William S. Fulton 1835 1836 

STATE. 

James S. Conway 1836 1840 

Archibald Yell 1840 1844 

Samuel Adams, (acting) 1844 1844 

Thomas S. Drew 1844 1848 

John S. Roane 1848 1852 

Elias S. Conway 1852 1860 

Salary, $1800. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Little Rock. 

TENNESSEE. 

JohnSevier 1796 1801 

Archibald Roane 1801 1803 

JohnSevier 1803 1809 

Wilie Blount 1809 1815 

Joseph McMin 1815 1821 

William Carroll 1821 1827 

Samuel Houston 1827 1829 

William Carroll 1829 1835 

Newton Cannon... 1835 1839 

James K. Polk 1839 1841 

James C. Jones.. 1841 1845 



Appendix. 



155 



FROM TO 

Aaron V. Brown 1845 1847 

Neil S.Brown 1847 1849 

William Trousdale 1849 1851 

William B. Campbell 1851 1853 

Andrew Johnson 1853 1857 

Isham G. Harris 1857 1859 

Salary, $3000. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, Nashville. 

KENTUCKY. 

Isaac Shelby 1792 1796 

James Garrard 1796 1804 

Christopher Greenup 1804 1808 

Charles Scott 1808 1812 

Isaac Shelby 1812 1816 

George Madison 1816 1816 

G. Slaughter, (acting) 1816 1820 

John Adair 1820 1824 

Joseph Desha 1824 1828 

Thomas Metcalfe 1828 1832 

John Breathitt 1832 1834 

J. T. Morehead, (acting) 1834 1836 

James Clark 1836 1837 

C. A. WicklifiFe, (acting) 1839 1840 

Robert P. Letcher 1840 1844 

William Owsley 1844 1848 

John J. Crittenden 1848 1850 

John L. Helm, (acting) 1850 1851 

Lazarus W. Powell 1851 1855 

Charles S. Morehead 1855 1859 

Salary, $2500. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Frankfort. 

OHIO. 

TEREITORY. 

Arthur St. Clair 1788 1803 



STATE. 

FROM TO 

Edward Tiffin 1803 1808 

Thomas Kirker, (acting) 1808 1808 

Samuel Huntington 1808 1810 

Return .J. Meigs 1810 1814 

Othneil Looker, (acting) 1814 1814 

Thomas Worthington 1814 1818 

Ethan Allen Brown 1818 1822 

Allen Trimble, (acting) 1822 1822 

Jeremiah Morrow 1822 1826 

Allen Trimble 1826 1830 

Duncan McArthur 1830 1832 

Robert Lucas 1832 1836 

Joseph Vance 1836 1838 

Wilson Shannon 1838 1840 

Thomas Corwin 1840 1842 

Wilson Shannon 1842 1844 

Thomas W. Bartley, (acting) 1844 1844 

Mordecai Bartley 1844 1846 

William Babb 1846 1848 

SeaburyFord 1848 1850 

Reuben Wood 1850 1854 

William Medill 1854 1856 

Salmon P. Chase 1856 1860 

Salary, $1800. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, Columbus. 

MICHIGAN. 

TERRITORY. 

William Hull 1805 1814 

Lewis Cass 1814 1831 

George B. Porter 1831 1834 

Stevens T. Mason, (acting).. 1834 1835 

J. S. Horner, (acting) 1835 1830 

STATE. 

Stevens T. Mason 1836 1840 

William Woodbridge 1840 1841 



156 



Appendix. 



FROM TO 

J. W. Gordon, (acting) 1841 1842 

John S. Barry 1842 1846 

Alpheus Felch 1846 1847 

^W. L. Greenley, (acting) 1847 1848 

Epaphroditus Ransom 1848 1850 

John S. Barry 1850 1853 

Robert McClelland 1853 1853 

A. Parsons 1853 1855 

Kinsley S. Bingham 1855 1857 

1857 1859 

Salary, f 1000. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, Lansing. 

INDIANA. 

Jonathan Jennings 1816 1822 

William Hendricks 1822 1825 

James Brown Ray 1825 1831 

Noah Noble 1831 1837 

David Wallace 1837 1840 

Samuel Bigger 1840 1843 

James Whitcomb 1843 1848 

Paris C. Dunning* 1848 1849 

Joseph A. Wright 1849 1857 

Ashbel P. Willard 1857 1861 

Salary, $1500, with a furnished house. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Indianapolis. 

ILLINOIS. 

TEREITOET. 

Ninian Edwards 1809 1818 

STATE. 

ShadrachBond 1818 1822 

Edward Coles 1822 1826 

Ninian Edwards 1826 1830 



FROM TO 

John Reynolds 1830 1834 

Joseph Duncan 1834 1838 

Thomas Carlin 1838 1842 

Thomas Ford 1842 1846 

Augustus C. French 1846 1853 

Joel A. Matteson 1858 1857 

William H. Bissell 1857 1861 

Salary, |1500. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Springfield. 

MISSOURI. 

Alexander McNair 1820 1824 

Frederick Bates 1824 1826 

John Miller 1826 1832 

Daniel Dunklin 1832 1836 

L. W. Boggs 1836 1840 

Thomas Reynolds 1840 1844 

John C. Edwards 1844 1848 

Austin A. King 1848 1853 

Sterling Price 1853 1857 

Trusten Polk 1857 1857 

Hancock .Jackson, (acting).. 1857 1857 

R. M. Stewart 1857 1861 

Salary, $2500, with a furnished house. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Jefferson City. 

IOWA. 

Ansel Briggs 1846 1850 

Stephen Hempstead 1850 1854 

James W. Grimes 1854 1857 

Ralph P. Lowe 1857 1860 

Salary, $1000. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Des Moines City. 



During the unexpired term of Governor Whitcomb, elected in 184S to the United States Senate. 



Appendix. 



157 



WISCONSIN. 

TERRITORY, 

FROM TO 

Henry Dodge 1836 1841 

James D. Doty 1841 1844 

Nathaniel P. Tallmadge 1844 1845 

Henry Dodge 1845 1848 

STATE. 

Nelson Dewey 1848 1851 

Leonard J. Farwell 1851 1853 

AVilliam A. Barstow 1853 1855 

Coles Bashford 1855 1857 

Alexander AV. Randall 1857 1859 

Salary, $1250. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, Madison. 

CALIFORNIA. 

Peter H. Burnett 1849 1851 



FROM TO 

John McDougall, (acting)..., 1851 1852 

John Bigler 1852 1856 

J. Neely Johnson 185.6 1858 

John B. Weller 1858 1860 

Salary, $6000. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, Sacramento. 

MINNESOTA. 

TERRITORY. 

Alexander Ramsey 1849 1853 

Willis A. Gorman 1853 1857 

Samuel Medary 1857 1858 

STATE. 

Henry H, Sibley 1858 1860 

Salary, not known. 

Term, " " 

Seat of Government, St. Paul. 



158 



Appendix. 



OREGON TERRITORY. 



James Shields, appointed (declined) August 14, 1! 



Joseph Lane, 
John P. Gaines, 
Joseph Lane, 
John W. Davis, 
George L. Curry, 

Salary, $3000 



August 18, 1848. 

, September 9, 1850. 

March 16, 1853. 

September 6, 1853. 

(now in office) October 24, 1854. 

Term, four years. 



TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO. 

James S. Calhoun, appointed January 9, 1851. 

William Carr Lane, " July 15,1852. 

Solon Borland, " (declined) April 18,1853. 

David Merriwether, " May 6,1853. 

Abraham Rencher, " (now in office) August 17,1857. 

Salary, $3000. Term, four years. 



TERRITORY OF UTAH. 

Brigham Young, appointed September 28, 1850. 

Edward . J. Steptoe, " (declined) December 21,1854. 

Alfred Cummings, " (now in office) July 11,1857. 

Salary, $2500. Term, four years. 



WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 

Isaac I. Stevens, appointed March 17, 1853. 

J. Patton Anderson, " (declined) March 15,1857. 

Fayette McMuUen, " (now in office) May 15,1857. 

Salary, $3000. Term, four years. 



Appendix. 



159 



KANSAS TERRITORY. 



A. H. Reeder, appointed June 29, 1854 

John L. Dawson, " (declined) July 28,1855 

Wilson Shannon, " August 10,1855 

John W.Geary, '« ." July 30,1856 

R.J.Walker, '« March 30,1857 

J.W.Denver, " February 24,1858 

Samuel Medary, " (now in oiEce) December 1,1858 

Salary, $2500. Term, four years. 



NEBRASKA TERRITORY. 

William 0. Butler, appointed (declined) June 29, 1854. 

Francis Burt, " August 2,1854. 

Mark W. Izard, " December 20,1854. 

Wm. A. Richardson, " (now in office) May 30,1857. 

Salary, $2500. Term, four years. 



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